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diff --git a/contrib/binutils/gas/doc/c-avr.texi b/contrib/binutils/gas/doc/c-avr.texi new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9bf743d --- /dev/null +++ b/contrib/binutils/gas/doc/c-avr.texi @@ -0,0 +1,364 @@ +@c Copyright 2006 +@c Free Software Foundation, Inc. +@c This is part of the GAS manual. +@c For copying conditions, see the file as.texinfo. + +@ifset GENERIC +@page +@node AVR-Dependent +@chapter AVR Dependent Features +@end ifset + +@ifclear GENERIC +@node Machine Dependencies +@chapter AVR Dependent Features +@end ifclear + +@cindex AVR support +@menu +* AVR Options:: Options +* AVR Syntax:: Syntax +* AVR Opcodes:: Opcodes +@end menu + +@node AVR Options +@section Options +@cindex AVR options (none) +@cindex options for AVR (none) + +@table @code + +@cindex @code{-mmcu=} command line option, AVR +@item -mmcu=@var{mcu} +Specify ATMEL AVR instruction set or MCU type. + +Instruction set avr1 is for the minimal AVR core, not supported by the C +compiler, only for assembler programs (MCU types: at90s1200, attiny10, +attiny11, attiny12, attiny15, attiny28). + +Instruction set avr2 (default) is for the classic AVR core with up to +8K program memory space (MCU types: at90s2313, at90s2323, attiny22, +attiny26, at90s2333, at90s2343, at90s4414, at90s4433, at90s4434, +at90s8515, at90c8534, at90s8535, at86rf401, attiny13, attiny2313, +attiny261, attiny461, attiny861, attiny24, attiny44, attiny84, attiny25, +attiny45, attiny85). + +Instruction set avr3 is for the classic AVR core with up to 128K program +memory space (MCU types: atmega103, atmega603, at43usb320, at43usb355, +at76c711). + +Instruction set avr4 is for the enhanced AVR core with up to 8K program +memory space (MCU types: atmega48, atmega8, atmega83, atmega85, atmega88, +atmega8515, atmega8535, atmega8hva, at90pwm1, at90pwm2, at90pwm3). + +Instruction set avr5 is for the enhanced AVR core with up to 128K program +memory space (MCU types: atmega16, atmega161, atmega162, atmega163, +atmega164p, atmega165, atmega165p, atmega168, atmega169, atmega169p, +atmega32, atmega323, atmega324p, atmega325, atmega325p, atmega329, +atmega329p, atmega3250, atmega3250p, atmega3290, atmega3290p, atmega406, +atmega64, atmega640, atmega644, atmega644p, atmega128, atmega1280, +atmega1281, atmega645, atmega649, atmega6450, atmega6490, atmega16hva, +at90can32, at90can64, at90can128, at90usb82, at90usb162, at90usb646, +at90usb647, at90usb1286, at90usb1287, at94k). + +Instruction set avr6 is for the enhanced AVR core with 256K program +memory space (MCU types: atmega2560, atmega2561). + +@cindex @code{-mall-opcodes} command line option, AVR +@item -mall-opcodes +Accept all AVR opcodes, even if not supported by @code{-mmcu}. + +@cindex @code{-mno-skip-bug} command line option, AVR +@item -mno-skip-bug +This option disable warnings for skipping two-word instructions. + +@cindex @code{-mno-wrap} command line option, AVR +@item -mno-wrap +This option reject @code{rjmp/rcall} instructions with 8K wrap-around. + +@end table + + +@node AVR Syntax +@section Syntax +@menu +* AVR-Chars:: Special Characters +* AVR-Regs:: Register Names +* AVR-Modifiers:: Relocatable Expression Modifiers +@end menu + +@node AVR-Chars +@subsection Special Characters + +@cindex line comment character, AVR +@cindex AVR line comment character + +The presence of a @samp{;} on a line indicates the start of a comment +that extends to the end of the current line. If a @samp{#} appears as +the first character of a line, the whole line is treated as a comment. + +@cindex line separator, AVR +@cindex statement separator, AVR +@cindex AVR line separator + +The @samp{$} character can be used instead of a newline to separate +statements. + +@node AVR-Regs +@subsection Register Names + +@cindex AVR register names +@cindex register names, AVR + +The AVR has 32 x 8-bit general purpose working registers @samp{r0}, +@samp{r1}, ... @samp{r31}. +Six of the 32 registers can be used as three 16-bit indirect address +register pointers for Data Space addressing. One of the these address +pointers can also be used as an address pointer for look up tables in +Flash program memory. These added function registers are the 16-bit +@samp{X}, @samp{Y} and @samp{Z} - registers. + +@smallexample +X = @r{r26:r27} +Y = @r{r28:r29} +Z = @r{r30:r31} +@end smallexample + +@node AVR-Modifiers +@subsection Relocatable Expression Modifiers + +@cindex AVR modifiers +@cindex syntax, AVR + +The assembler supports several modifiers when using relocatable addresses +in AVR instruction operands. The general syntax is the following: + +@smallexample +modifier(relocatable-expression) +@end smallexample + +@table @code +@cindex symbol modifiers + +@item lo8 + +This modifier allows you to use bits 0 through 7 of +an address expression as 8 bit relocatable expression. + +@item hi8 + +This modifier allows you to use bits 7 through 15 of an address expression +as 8 bit relocatable expression. This is useful with, for example, the +AVR @samp{ldi} instruction and @samp{lo8} modifier. + +For example + +@smallexample +ldi r26, lo8(sym+10) +ldi r27, hi8(sym+10) +@end smallexample + +@item hh8 + +This modifier allows you to use bits 16 through 23 of +an address expression as 8 bit relocatable expression. +Also, can be useful for loading 32 bit constants. + +@item hlo8 + +Synonym of @samp{hh8}. + +@item hhi8 + +This modifier allows you to use bits 24 through 31 of +an expression as 8 bit expression. This is useful with, for example, the +AVR @samp{ldi} instruction and @samp{lo8}, @samp{hi8}, @samp{hlo8}, +@samp{hhi8}, modifier. + +For example + +@smallexample +ldi r26, lo8(285774925) +ldi r27, hi8(285774925) +ldi r28, hlo8(285774925) +ldi r29, hhi8(285774925) +; r29,r28,r27,r26 = 285774925 +@end smallexample + +@item pm_lo8 + +This modifier allows you to use bits 0 through 7 of +an address expression as 8 bit relocatable expression. +This modifier useful for addressing data or code from +Flash/Program memory. The using of @samp{pm_lo8} similar +to @samp{lo8}. + +@item pm_hi8 + +This modifier allows you to use bits 8 through 15 of +an address expression as 8 bit relocatable expression. +This modifier useful for addressing data or code from +Flash/Program memory. + +@item pm_hh8 + +This modifier allows you to use bits 15 through 23 of +an address expression as 8 bit relocatable expression. +This modifier useful for addressing data or code from +Flash/Program memory. + +@end table + +@node AVR Opcodes +@section Opcodes + +@cindex AVR opcode summary +@cindex opcode summary, AVR +@cindex mnemonics, AVR +@cindex instruction summary, AVR +For detailed information on the AVR machine instruction set, see +@url{www.atmel.com/products/AVR}. + +@code{@value{AS}} implements all the standard AVR opcodes. +The following table summarizes the AVR opcodes, and their arguments. + +@smallexample +@i{Legend:} + r @r{any register} + d @r{`ldi' register (r16-r31)} + v @r{`movw' even register (r0, r2, ..., r28, r30)} + a @r{`fmul' register (r16-r23)} + w @r{`adiw' register (r24,r26,r28,r30)} + e @r{pointer registers (X,Y,Z)} + b @r{base pointer register and displacement ([YZ]+disp)} + z @r{Z pointer register (for [e]lpm Rd,Z[+])} + M @r{immediate value from 0 to 255} + n @r{immediate value from 0 to 255 ( n = ~M ). Relocation impossible} + s @r{immediate value from 0 to 7} + P @r{Port address value from 0 to 63. (in, out)} + p @r{Port address value from 0 to 31. (cbi, sbi, sbic, sbis)} + K @r{immediate value from 0 to 63 (used in `adiw', `sbiw')} + i @r{immediate value} + l @r{signed pc relative offset from -64 to 63} + L @r{signed pc relative offset from -2048 to 2047} + h @r{absolute code address (call, jmp)} + S @r{immediate value from 0 to 7 (S = s << 4)} + ? @r{use this opcode entry if no parameters, else use next opcode entry} + +1001010010001000 clc +1001010011011000 clh +1001010011111000 cli +1001010010101000 cln +1001010011001000 cls +1001010011101000 clt +1001010010111000 clv +1001010010011000 clz +1001010000001000 sec +1001010001011000 seh +1001010001111000 sei +1001010000101000 sen +1001010001001000 ses +1001010001101000 set +1001010000111000 sev +1001010000011000 sez +100101001SSS1000 bclr S +100101000SSS1000 bset S +1001010100001001 icall +1001010000001001 ijmp +1001010111001000 lpm ? +1001000ddddd010+ lpm r,z +1001010111011000 elpm ? +1001000ddddd011+ elpm r,z +0000000000000000 nop +1001010100001000 ret +1001010100011000 reti +1001010110001000 sleep +1001010110011000 break +1001010110101000 wdr +1001010111101000 spm +000111rdddddrrrr adc r,r +000011rdddddrrrr add r,r +001000rdddddrrrr and r,r +000101rdddddrrrr cp r,r +000001rdddddrrrr cpc r,r +000100rdddddrrrr cpse r,r +001001rdddddrrrr eor r,r +001011rdddddrrrr mov r,r +100111rdddddrrrr mul r,r +001010rdddddrrrr or r,r +000010rdddddrrrr sbc r,r +000110rdddddrrrr sub r,r +001001rdddddrrrr clr r +000011rdddddrrrr lsl r +000111rdddddrrrr rol r +001000rdddddrrrr tst r +0111KKKKddddKKKK andi d,M +0111KKKKddddKKKK cbr d,n +1110KKKKddddKKKK ldi d,M +11101111dddd1111 ser d +0110KKKKddddKKKK ori d,M +0110KKKKddddKKKK sbr d,M +0011KKKKddddKKKK cpi d,M +0100KKKKddddKKKK sbci d,M +0101KKKKddddKKKK subi d,M +1111110rrrrr0sss sbrc r,s +1111111rrrrr0sss sbrs r,s +1111100ddddd0sss bld r,s +1111101ddddd0sss bst r,s +10110PPdddddPPPP in r,P +10111PPrrrrrPPPP out P,r +10010110KKddKKKK adiw w,K +10010111KKddKKKK sbiw w,K +10011000pppppsss cbi p,s +10011010pppppsss sbi p,s +10011001pppppsss sbic p,s +10011011pppppsss sbis p,s +111101lllllll000 brcc l +111100lllllll000 brcs l +111100lllllll001 breq l +111101lllllll100 brge l +111101lllllll101 brhc l +111100lllllll101 brhs l +111101lllllll111 brid l +111100lllllll111 brie l +111100lllllll000 brlo l +111100lllllll100 brlt l +111100lllllll010 brmi l +111101lllllll001 brne l +111101lllllll010 brpl l +111101lllllll000 brsh l +111101lllllll110 brtc l +111100lllllll110 brts l +111101lllllll011 brvc l +111100lllllll011 brvs l +111101lllllllsss brbc s,l +111100lllllllsss brbs s,l +1101LLLLLLLLLLLL rcall L +1100LLLLLLLLLLLL rjmp L +1001010hhhhh111h call h +1001010hhhhh110h jmp h +1001010rrrrr0101 asr r +1001010rrrrr0000 com r +1001010rrrrr1010 dec r +1001010rrrrr0011 inc r +1001010rrrrr0110 lsr r +1001010rrrrr0001 neg r +1001000rrrrr1111 pop r +1001001rrrrr1111 push r +1001010rrrrr0111 ror r +1001010rrrrr0010 swap r +00000001ddddrrrr movw v,v +00000010ddddrrrr muls d,d +000000110ddd0rrr mulsu a,a +000000110ddd1rrr fmul a,a +000000111ddd0rrr fmuls a,a +000000111ddd1rrr fmulsu a,a +1001001ddddd0000 sts i,r +1001000ddddd0000 lds r,i +10o0oo0dddddbooo ldd r,b +100!000dddddee-+ ld r,e +10o0oo1rrrrrbooo std b,r +100!001rrrrree-+ st e,r +1001010100011001 eicall +1001010000011001 eijmp +@end smallexample |
