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-<div class="refentry" lang="en">
-<a name="man.host"></a><div class="titlepage"></div>
-<div class="refnamediv">
-<h2>Name</h2>
-<p>host &#8212; DNS lookup utility</p>
-</div>
-<div class="refsynopsisdiv">
-<h2>Synopsis</h2>
-<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">host</code> [<code class="option">-aCdlnrsTwv</code>] [<code class="option">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-N <em class="replaceable"><code>ndots</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-R <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-t <em class="replaceable"><code>type</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-W <em class="replaceable"><code>wait</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-m <em class="replaceable"><code>flag</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-4</code>] [<code class="option">-6</code>] {name} [server]</p></div>
-</div>
-<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2597000"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
-<p><span><strong class="command">host</strong></span>
- is a simple utility for performing DNS lookups.
- It is normally used to convert names to IP addresses and vice versa.
- When no arguments or options are given,
- <span><strong class="command">host</strong></span>
- prints a short summary of its command line arguments and options.
- </p>
-<p><em class="parameter"><code>name</code></em> is the domain name that is to be
- looked
- up. It can also be a dotted-decimal IPv4 address or a colon-delimited
- IPv6 address, in which case <span><strong class="command">host</strong></span> will by
- default
- perform a reverse lookup for that address.
- <em class="parameter"><code>server</code></em> is an optional argument which
- is either
- the name or IP address of the name server that <span><strong class="command">host</strong></span>
- should query instead of the server or servers listed in
- <code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>.
- </p>
-<p>
- The <code class="option">-a</code> (all) option is equivalent to setting the
- <code class="option">-v</code> option and asking <span><strong class="command">host</strong></span> to make
- a query of type ANY.
- </p>
-<p>
- When the <code class="option">-C</code> option is used, <span><strong class="command">host</strong></span>
- will attempt to display the SOA records for zone
- <em class="parameter"><code>name</code></em> from all the listed
- authoritative name
- servers for that zone. The list of name servers is defined by the NS
- records that are found for the zone.
- </p>
-<p>
- The <code class="option">-c</code> option instructs to make a DNS query of class
- <em class="parameter"><code>class</code></em>. This can be used to lookup
- Hesiod or
- Chaosnet class resource records. The default class is IN (Internet).
- </p>
-<p>
- Verbose output is generated by <span><strong class="command">host</strong></span> when
- the
- <code class="option">-d</code> or <code class="option">-v</code> option is used. The two
- options are equivalent. They have been provided for backwards
- compatibility. In previous versions, the <code class="option">-d</code> option
- switched on debugging traces and <code class="option">-v</code> enabled verbose
- output.
- </p>
-<p>
- List mode is selected by the <code class="option">-l</code> option. This makes
- <span><strong class="command">host</strong></span> perform a zone transfer for zone
- <em class="parameter"><code>name</code></em>. Transfer the zone printing out
- the NS, PTR
- and address records (A/AAAA). If combined with <code class="option">-a</code>
- all records will be printed.
- </p>
-<p>
- The <code class="option">-i</code>
- option specifies that reverse lookups of IPv6 addresses should
- use the IP6.INT domain as defined in RFC1886.
- The default is to use IP6.ARPA.
- </p>
-<p>
- The <code class="option">-N</code> option sets the number of dots that have to be
- in <em class="parameter"><code>name</code></em> for it to be considered
- absolute. The
- default value is that defined using the ndots statement in
- <code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>, or 1 if no ndots
- statement is
- present. Names with fewer dots are interpreted as relative names and
- will be searched for in the domains listed in the <span class="type">search</span>
- or <span class="type">domain</span> directive in
- <code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>.
- </p>
-<p>
- The number of UDP retries for a lookup can be changed with the
- <code class="option">-R</code> option. <em class="parameter"><code>number</code></em>
- indicates
- how many times <span><strong class="command">host</strong></span> will repeat a query
- that does
- not get answered. The default number of retries is 1. If
- <em class="parameter"><code>number</code></em> is negative or zero, the
- number of
- retries will default to 1.
- </p>
-<p>
- Non-recursive queries can be made via the <code class="option">-r</code> option.
- Setting this option clears the <span class="type">RD</span> &#8212; recursion
- desired &#8212; bit in the query which <span><strong class="command">host</strong></span> makes.
- This should mean that the name server receiving the query will not
- attempt to resolve <em class="parameter"><code>name</code></em>. The
- <code class="option">-r</code> option enables <span><strong class="command">host</strong></span>
- to mimic
- the behavior of a name server by making non-recursive queries and
- expecting to receive answers to those queries that are usually
- referrals to other name servers.
- </p>
-<p>
- By default <span><strong class="command">host</strong></span> uses UDP when making
- queries. The
- <code class="option">-T</code> option makes it use a TCP connection when querying
- the name server. TCP will be automatically selected for queries that
- require it, such as zone transfer (AXFR) requests.
- </p>
-<p>
- The <code class="option">-4</code> option forces <span><strong class="command">host</strong></span> to only
- use IPv4 query transport. The <code class="option">-6</code> option forces
- <span><strong class="command">host</strong></span> to only use IPv6 query transport.
- </p>
-<p>
- The <code class="option">-t</code> option is used to select the query type.
- <em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em> can be any recognized query
- type: CNAME,
- NS, SOA, SIG, KEY, AXFR, etc. When no query type is specified,
- <span><strong class="command">host</strong></span> automatically selects an appropriate
- query
- type. By default it looks for A records, but if the
- <code class="option">-C</code> option was given, queries will be made for SOA
- records, and if <em class="parameter"><code>name</code></em> is a
- dotted-decimal IPv4
- address or colon-delimited IPv6 address, <span><strong class="command">host</strong></span> will
- query for PTR records. If a query type of IXFR is chosen the starting
- serial number can be specified by appending an equal followed by the
- starting serial number (e.g. -t IXFR=12345678).
- </p>
-<p>
- The time to wait for a reply can be controlled through the
- <code class="option">-W</code> and <code class="option">-w</code> options. The
- <code class="option">-W</code> option makes <span><strong class="command">host</strong></span>
- wait for
- <em class="parameter"><code>wait</code></em> seconds. If <em class="parameter"><code>wait</code></em>
- is less than one, the wait interval is set to one second. When the
- <code class="option">-w</code> option is used, <span><strong class="command">host</strong></span>
- will
- effectively wait forever for a reply. The time to wait for a response
- will be set to the number of seconds given by the hardware's maximum
- value for an integer quantity.
- </p>
-<p>
- The <code class="option">-s</code> option tells <span><strong class="command">host</strong></span>
- <span class="emphasis"><em>not</em></span> to send the query to the next nameserver
- if any server responds with a SERVFAIL response, which is the
- reverse of normal stub resolver behavior.
- </p>
-<p>
- The <code class="option">-m</code> can be used to set the memory usage debugging
- flags
- <em class="parameter"><code>record</code></em>, <em class="parameter"><code>usage</code></em> and
- <em class="parameter"><code>trace</code></em>.
- </p>
-</div>
-<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2597514"></a><h2>IDN SUPPORT</h2>
-<p>
- If <span><strong class="command">host</strong></span> has been built with IDN (internationalized
- domain name) support, it can accept and display non-ASCII domain names.
- <span><strong class="command">host</strong></span> appropriately converts character encoding of
- domain name before sending a request to DNS server or displaying a
- reply from the server.
- If you'd like to turn off the IDN support for some reason, defines
- the <code class="envar">IDN_DISABLE</code> environment variable.
- The IDN support is disabled if the variable is set when
- <span><strong class="command">host</strong></span> runs.
- </p>
-</div>
-<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2597543"></a><h2>FILES</h2>
-<p><code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>
- </p>
-</div>
-<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
-<a name="id2597557"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
-<p><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dig</span>(1)</span>,
- <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">named</span>(8)</span>.
- </p>
-</div>
-</div>
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