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diff --git a/contrib/bind9/bin/dnssec/dnssec-signzone.html b/contrib/bind9/bin/dnssec/dnssec-signzone.html index bd92631..da1e058 100644 --- a/contrib/bind9/bin/dnssec/dnssec-signzone.html +++ b/contrib/bind9/bin/dnssec/dnssec-signzone.html @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ <!-- - - Copyright (C) 2004, 2005 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC") + - Copyright (C) 2004-2007 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC") - Copyright (C) 2000-2003 Internet Software Consortium. - - Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any @@ -14,206 +14,266 @@ - OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR - PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. --> -<!-- $Id: dnssec-signzone.html,v 1.4.2.1.4.16 2006/06/29 13:02:30 marka Exp $ --> +<!-- $Id: dnssec-signzone.html,v 1.8.18.22 2007/01/30 00:23:44 marka Exp $ --> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"> <title>dnssec-signzone</title> -<meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.70.1"> +<meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.71.1"> </head> <body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="refentry" lang="en"> -<a name="id2482688"></a><div class="titlepage"></div> +<a name="man.dnssec-signzone"></a><div class="titlepage"></div> <div class="refnamediv"> <h2>Name</h2> <p><span class="application">dnssec-signzone</span> — DNSSEC zone signing tool</p> </div> <div class="refsynopsisdiv"> <h2>Synopsis</h2> -<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">dnssec-signzone</code> [<code class="option">-a</code>] [<code class="option">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-d <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-e <em class="replaceable"><code>end-time</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-f <em class="replaceable"><code>output-file</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-g</code>] [<code class="option">-h</code>] [<code class="option">-k <em class="replaceable"><code>key</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-l <em class="replaceable"><code>domain</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-i <em class="replaceable"><code>interval</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-n <em class="replaceable"><code>nthreads</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-o <em class="replaceable"><code>origin</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-p</code>] [<code class="option">-r <em class="replaceable"><code>randomdev</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-s <em class="replaceable"><code>start-time</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-t</code>] [<code class="option">-v <em class="replaceable"><code>level</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-z</code>] {zonefile} [key...]</p></div> +<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">dnssec-signzone</code> [<code class="option">-a</code>] [<code class="option">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-d <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-e <em class="replaceable"><code>end-time</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-f <em class="replaceable"><code>output-file</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-g</code>] [<code class="option">-h</code>] [<code class="option">-k <em class="replaceable"><code>key</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-l <em class="replaceable"><code>domain</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-i <em class="replaceable"><code>interval</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-I <em class="replaceable"><code>input-format</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-j <em class="replaceable"><code>jitter</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-N <em class="replaceable"><code>soa-serial-format</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-o <em class="replaceable"><code>origin</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-O <em class="replaceable"><code>output-format</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-p</code>] [<code class="option">-r <em class="replaceable"><code>randomdev</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-s <em class="replaceable"><code>start-time</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-t</code>] [<code class="option">-v <em class="replaceable"><code>level</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-z</code>] {zonefile} [key...]</p></div> </div> <div class="refsect1" lang="en"> -<a name="id2549544"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2> -<p> - <span><strong class="command">dnssec-signzone</strong></span> signs a zone. It generates - NSEC and RRSIG records and produces a signed version of the - zone. The security status of delegations from the signed zone - (that is, whether the child zones are secure or not) is - determined by the presence or absence of a - <code class="filename">keyset</code> file for each child zone. +<a name="id2543526"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2> +<p><span><strong class="command">dnssec-signzone</strong></span> + signs a zone. It generates + NSEC and RRSIG records and produces a signed version of the + zone. The security status of delegations from the signed zone + (that is, whether the child zones are secure or not) is + determined by the presence or absence of a + <code class="filename">keyset</code> file for each child zone. </p> </div> <div class="refsect1" lang="en"> -<a name="id2549560"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2> +<a name="id2543541"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2> <div class="variablelist"><dl> <dt><span class="term">-a</span></dt> <dd><p> - Verify all generated signatures. - </p></dd> + Verify all generated signatures. + </p></dd> <dt><span class="term">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span></dt> <dd><p> - Specifies the DNS class of the zone. - </p></dd> + Specifies the DNS class of the zone. + </p></dd> <dt><span class="term">-k <em class="replaceable"><code>key</code></em></span></dt> <dd><p> - Treat specified key as a key signing key ignoring any - key flags. This option may be specified multiple times. - </p></dd> + Treat specified key as a key signing key ignoring any + key flags. This option may be specified multiple times. + </p></dd> <dt><span class="term">-l <em class="replaceable"><code>domain</code></em></span></dt> <dd><p> - Generate a DLV set in addition to the key (DNSKEY) and DS sets. - The domain is appended to the name of the records. - </p></dd> + Generate a DLV set in addition to the key (DNSKEY) and DS sets. + The domain is appended to the name of the records. + </p></dd> <dt><span class="term">-d <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></span></dt> <dd><p> - Look for <code class="filename">keyset</code> files in - <code class="option">directory</code> as the directory - </p></dd> + Look for <code class="filename">keyset</code> files in + <code class="option">directory</code> as the directory + </p></dd> <dt><span class="term">-g</span></dt> <dd><p> - Generate DS records for child zones from keyset files. - Existing DS records will be removed. - </p></dd> + Generate DS records for child zones from keyset files. + Existing DS records will be removed. + </p></dd> <dt><span class="term">-s <em class="replaceable"><code>start-time</code></em></span></dt> <dd><p> - Specify the date and time when the generated RRSIG records - become valid. This can be either an absolute or relative - time. An absolute start time is indicated by a number - in YYYYMMDDHHMMSS notation; 20000530144500 denotes - 14:45:00 UTC on May 30th, 2000. A relative start time is - indicated by +N, which is N seconds from the current time. - If no <code class="option">start-time</code> is specified, the current - time minus 1 hour (to allow for clock skew) is used. - </p></dd> + Specify the date and time when the generated RRSIG records + become valid. This can be either an absolute or relative + time. An absolute start time is indicated by a number + in YYYYMMDDHHMMSS notation; 20000530144500 denotes + 14:45:00 UTC on May 30th, 2000. A relative start time is + indicated by +N, which is N seconds from the current time. + If no <code class="option">start-time</code> is specified, the current + time minus 1 hour (to allow for clock skew) is used. + </p></dd> <dt><span class="term">-e <em class="replaceable"><code>end-time</code></em></span></dt> <dd><p> - Specify the date and time when the generated RRSIG records - expire. As with <code class="option">start-time</code>, an absolute - time is indicated in YYYYMMDDHHMMSS notation. A time relative - to the start time is indicated with +N, which is N seconds from - the start time. A time relative to the current time is - indicated with now+N. If no <code class="option">end-time</code> is - specified, 30 days from the start time is used as a default. - </p></dd> + Specify the date and time when the generated RRSIG records + expire. As with <code class="option">start-time</code>, an absolute + time is indicated in YYYYMMDDHHMMSS notation. A time relative + to the start time is indicated with +N, which is N seconds from + the start time. A time relative to the current time is + indicated with now+N. If no <code class="option">end-time</code> is + specified, 30 days from the start time is used as a default. + </p></dd> <dt><span class="term">-f <em class="replaceable"><code>output-file</code></em></span></dt> <dd><p> - The name of the output file containing the signed zone. The - default is to append <code class="filename">.signed</code> to the - input file. - </p></dd> + The name of the output file containing the signed zone. The + default is to append <code class="filename">.signed</code> to + the + input file. + </p></dd> <dt><span class="term">-h</span></dt> <dd><p> - Prints a short summary of the options and arguments to - <span><strong class="command">dnssec-signzone</strong></span>. - </p></dd> + Prints a short summary of the options and arguments to + <span><strong class="command">dnssec-signzone</strong></span>. + </p></dd> <dt><span class="term">-i <em class="replaceable"><code>interval</code></em></span></dt> <dd> <p> - When a previously signed zone is passed as input, records - may be resigned. The <code class="option">interval</code> option - specifies the cycle interval as an offset from the current - time (in seconds). If a RRSIG record expires after the - cycle interval, it is retained. Otherwise, it is considered - to be expiring soon, and it will be replaced. - </p> + When a previously signed zone is passed as input, records + may be resigned. The <code class="option">interval</code> option + specifies the cycle interval as an offset from the current + time (in seconds). If a RRSIG record expires after the + cycle interval, it is retained. Otherwise, it is considered + to be expiring soon, and it will be replaced. + </p> +<p> + The default cycle interval is one quarter of the difference + between the signature end and start times. So if neither + <code class="option">end-time</code> or <code class="option">start-time</code> + are specified, <span><strong class="command">dnssec-signzone</strong></span> + generates + signatures that are valid for 30 days, with a cycle + interval of 7.5 days. Therefore, if any existing RRSIG records + are due to expire in less than 7.5 days, they would be + replaced. + </p> +</dd> +<dt><span class="term">-I <em class="replaceable"><code>input-format</code></em></span></dt> +<dd><p> + The format of the input zone file. + Possible formats are <span><strong class="command">"text"</strong></span> (default) + and <span><strong class="command">"raw"</strong></span>. + This option is primarily intended to be used for dynamic + signed zones so that the dumped zone file in a non-text + format containing updates can be signed directly. + The use of this option does not make much sense for + non-dynamic zones. + </p></dd> +<dt><span class="term">-j <em class="replaceable"><code>jitter</code></em></span></dt> +<dd> +<p> + When signing a zone with a fixed signature lifetime, all + RRSIG records issued at the time of signing expires + simultaneously. If the zone is incrementally signed, i.e. + a previously signed zone is passed as input to the signer, + all expired signatures has to be regenerated at about the + same time. The <code class="option">jitter</code> option specifies a + jitter window that will be used to randomize the signature + expire time, thus spreading incremental signature + regeneration over time. + </p> <p> - The default cycle interval is one quarter of the difference - between the signature end and start times. So if neither - <code class="option">end-time</code> or <code class="option">start-time</code> - are specified, <span><strong class="command">dnssec-signzone</strong></span> generates - signatures that are valid for 30 days, with a cycle - interval of 7.5 days. Therefore, if any existing RRSIG records - are due to expire in less than 7.5 days, they would be - replaced. - </p> + Signature lifetime jitter also to some extent benefits + validators and servers by spreading out cache expiration, + i.e. if large numbers of RRSIGs don't expire at the same time + from all caches there will be less congestion than if all + validators need to refetch at mostly the same time. + </p> </dd> <dt><span class="term">-n <em class="replaceable"><code>ncpus</code></em></span></dt> <dd><p> - Specifies the number of threads to use. By default, one - thread is started for each detected CPU. - </p></dd> + Specifies the number of threads to use. By default, one + thread is started for each detected CPU. + </p></dd> +<dt><span class="term">-N <em class="replaceable"><code>soa-serial-format</code></em></span></dt> +<dd> +<p> + The SOA serial number format of the signed zone. + Possible formats are <span><strong class="command">"keep"</strong></span> (default), + <span><strong class="command">"increment"</strong></span> and + <span><strong class="command">"unixtime"</strong></span>. + </p> +<div class="variablelist"><dl> +<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">"keep"</strong></span></span></dt> +<dd><p>Do not modify the SOA serial number.</p></dd> +<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">"increment"</strong></span></span></dt> +<dd><p>Increment the SOA serial number using RFC 1982 + arithmetics.</p></dd> +<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">"unixtime"</strong></span></span></dt> +<dd><p>Set the SOA serial number to the number of seconds + since epoch.</p></dd> +</dl></div> +</dd> <dt><span class="term">-o <em class="replaceable"><code>origin</code></em></span></dt> <dd><p> - The zone origin. If not specified, the name of the zone file - is assumed to be the origin. - </p></dd> + The zone origin. If not specified, the name of the zone file + is assumed to be the origin. + </p></dd> +<dt><span class="term">-O <em class="replaceable"><code>output-format</code></em></span></dt> +<dd><p> + The format of the output file containing the signed zone. + Possible formats are <span><strong class="command">"text"</strong></span> (default) + and <span><strong class="command">"raw"</strong></span>. + </p></dd> <dt><span class="term">-p</span></dt> <dd><p> - Use pseudo-random data when signing the zone. This is faster, - but less secure, than using real random data. This option - may be useful when signing large zones or when the entropy - source is limited. - </p></dd> + Use pseudo-random data when signing the zone. This is faster, + but less secure, than using real random data. This option + may be useful when signing large zones or when the entropy + source is limited. + </p></dd> <dt><span class="term">-r <em class="replaceable"><code>randomdev</code></em></span></dt> <dd><p> - Specifies the source of randomness. If the operating - system does not provide a <code class="filename">/dev/random</code> - or equivalent device, the default source of randomness - is keyboard input. <code class="filename">randomdev</code> specifies - the name of a character device or file containing random - data to be used instead of the default. The special value - <code class="filename">keyboard</code> indicates that keyboard - input should be used. - </p></dd> + Specifies the source of randomness. If the operating + system does not provide a <code class="filename">/dev/random</code> + or equivalent device, the default source of randomness + is keyboard input. <code class="filename">randomdev</code> + specifies + the name of a character device or file containing random + data to be used instead of the default. The special value + <code class="filename">keyboard</code> indicates that keyboard + input should be used. + </p></dd> <dt><span class="term">-t</span></dt> <dd><p> - Print statistics at completion. - </p></dd> + Print statistics at completion. + </p></dd> <dt><span class="term">-v <em class="replaceable"><code>level</code></em></span></dt> <dd><p> - Sets the debugging level. - </p></dd> + Sets the debugging level. + </p></dd> <dt><span class="term">-z</span></dt> <dd><p> - Ignore KSK flag on key when determining what to sign. - </p></dd> + Ignore KSK flag on key when determining what to sign. + </p></dd> <dt><span class="term">zonefile</span></dt> <dd><p> - The file containing the zone to be signed. - </p></dd> + The file containing the zone to be signed. + </p></dd> <dt><span class="term">key</span></dt> <dd><p> - The keys used to sign the zone. If no keys are specified, the - default all zone keys that have private key files in the - current directory. - </p></dd> + The keys used to sign the zone. If no keys are specified, the + default all zone keys that have private key files in the + current directory. + </p></dd> </dl></div> </div> <div class="refsect1" lang="en"> -<a name="id2550068"></a><h2>EXAMPLE</h2> +<a name="id2544327"></a><h2>EXAMPLE</h2> <p> - The following command signs the <strong class="userinput"><code>example.com</code></strong> - zone with the DSA key generated in the <span><strong class="command">dnssec-keygen</strong></span> - man page. The zone's keys must be in the zone. If there are - <code class="filename">keyset</code> files associated with child zones, - they must be in the current directory. - <strong class="userinput"><code>example.com</code></strong>, the following command would be - issued: + The following command signs the <strong class="userinput"><code>example.com</code></strong> + zone with the DSA key generated in the <span><strong class="command">dnssec-keygen</strong></span> + man page. The zone's keys must be in the zone. If there are + <code class="filename">keyset</code> files associated with child + zones, + they must be in the current directory. + <strong class="userinput"><code>example.com</code></strong>, the following command would be + issued: </p> -<p> - <strong class="userinput"><code>dnssec-signzone -o example.com db.example.com Kexample.com.+003+26160</code></strong> +<p><strong class="userinput"><code>dnssec-signzone -o example.com db.example.com + Kexample.com.+003+26160</code></strong> </p> <p> - The command would print a string of the form: + The command would print a string of the form: </p> <p> - In this example, <span><strong class="command">dnssec-signzone</strong></span> creates - the file <code class="filename">db.example.com.signed</code>. This file - should be referenced in a zone statement in a - <code class="filename">named.conf</code> file. + In this example, <span><strong class="command">dnssec-signzone</strong></span> creates + the file <code class="filename">db.example.com.signed</code>. This + file + should be referenced in a zone statement in a + <code class="filename">named.conf</code> file. </p> </div> <div class="refsect1" lang="en"> -<a name="id2550118"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2> -<p> - <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dnssec-keygen</span>(8)</span>, +<a name="id2544375"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2> +<p><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dnssec-keygen</span>(8)</span>, <em class="citetitle">BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</em>, <em class="citetitle">RFC 2535</em>. </p> </div> <div class="refsect1" lang="en"> -<a name="id2550145"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2> -<p> - <span class="corpauthor">Internet Systems Consortium</span> +<a name="id2544400"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2> +<p><span class="corpauthor">Internet Systems Consortium</span> </p> </div> </div></body> |
