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-<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
- "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd"
- [<!ENTITY mdash "&#8212;">]>
-<!--
- - Copyright (C) 2004, 2005, 2007-2009 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
- - Copyright (C) 2000-2002 Internet Software Consortium.
- -
- - Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
- - purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
- - copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
- -
- - THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ISC DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH
- - REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
- - AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL ISC BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT,
- - INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM
- - LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE
- - OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
- - PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
--->
-
-<!-- $Id: host.docbook,v 1.20 2009/01/20 23:47:56 tbox Exp $ -->
-<refentry id="man.host">
-
- <refentryinfo>
- <date>Jun 30, 2000</date>
- </refentryinfo>
-
- <refmeta>
- <refentrytitle>host</refentrytitle>
- <manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
- <refmiscinfo>BIND9</refmiscinfo>
- </refmeta>
-
- <refnamediv>
- <refname>host</refname>
- <refpurpose>DNS lookup utility</refpurpose>
- </refnamediv>
-
- <docinfo>
- <copyright>
- <year>2004</year>
- <year>2005</year>
- <year>2007</year>
- <year>2008</year>
- <year>2009</year>
- <holder>Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")</holder>
- </copyright>
- <copyright>
- <year>2000</year>
- <year>2001</year>
- <year>2002</year>
- <holder>Internet Software Consortium.</holder>
- </copyright>
- </docinfo>
-
- <refsynopsisdiv>
- <cmdsynopsis>
- <command>host</command>
- <arg><option>-aCdlnrsTwv</option></arg>
- <arg><option>-c <replaceable class="parameter">class</replaceable></option></arg>
- <arg><option>-N <replaceable class="parameter">ndots</replaceable></option></arg>
- <arg><option>-R <replaceable class="parameter">number</replaceable></option></arg>
- <arg><option>-t <replaceable class="parameter">type</replaceable></option></arg>
- <arg><option>-W <replaceable class="parameter">wait</replaceable></option></arg>
- <arg><option>-m <replaceable class="parameter">flag</replaceable></option></arg>
- <arg><option>-4</option></arg>
- <arg><option>-6</option></arg>
- <arg choice="req">name</arg>
- <arg choice="opt">server</arg>
- </cmdsynopsis>
- </refsynopsisdiv>
-
- <refsect1>
- <title>DESCRIPTION</title>
-
- <para><command>host</command>
- is a simple utility for performing DNS lookups.
- It is normally used to convert names to IP addresses and vice versa.
- When no arguments or options are given,
- <command>host</command>
- prints a short summary of its command line arguments and options.
- </para>
-
- <para><parameter>name</parameter> is the domain name that is to be
- looked
- up. It can also be a dotted-decimal IPv4 address or a colon-delimited
- IPv6 address, in which case <command>host</command> will by
- default
- perform a reverse lookup for that address.
- <parameter>server</parameter> is an optional argument which
- is either
- the name or IP address of the name server that <command>host</command>
- should query instead of the server or servers listed in
- <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- The <option>-a</option> (all) option is equivalent to setting the
- <option>-v</option> option and asking <command>host</command> to make
- a query of type ANY.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- When the <option>-C</option> option is used, <command>host</command>
- will attempt to display the SOA records for zone
- <parameter>name</parameter> from all the listed
- authoritative name
- servers for that zone. The list of name servers is defined by the NS
- records that are found for the zone.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- The <option>-c</option> option instructs to make a DNS query of class
- <parameter>class</parameter>. This can be used to lookup
- Hesiod or
- Chaosnet class resource records. The default class is IN (Internet).
- </para>
-
- <para>
- Verbose output is generated by <command>host</command> when
- the
- <option>-d</option> or <option>-v</option> option is used. The two
- options are equivalent. They have been provided for backwards
- compatibility. In previous versions, the <option>-d</option> option
- switched on debugging traces and <option>-v</option> enabled verbose
- output.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- List mode is selected by the <option>-l</option> option. This makes
- <command>host</command> perform a zone transfer for zone
- <parameter>name</parameter>. Transfer the zone printing out
- the NS, PTR
- and address records (A/AAAA). If combined with <option>-a</option>
- all records will be printed.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- The <option>-i</option>
- option specifies that reverse lookups of IPv6 addresses should
- use the IP6.INT domain as defined in RFC1886.
- The default is to use IP6.ARPA.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- The <option>-N</option> option sets the number of dots that have to be
- in <parameter>name</parameter> for it to be considered
- absolute. The
- default value is that defined using the ndots statement in
- <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>, or 1 if no ndots
- statement is
- present. Names with fewer dots are interpreted as relative names and
- will be searched for in the domains listed in the <type>search</type>
- or <type>domain</type> directive in
- <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- The number of UDP retries for a lookup can be changed with the
- <option>-R</option> option. <parameter>number</parameter>
- indicates
- how many times <command>host</command> will repeat a query
- that does
- not get answered. The default number of retries is 1. If
- <parameter>number</parameter> is negative or zero, the
- number of
- retries will default to 1.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- Non-recursive queries can be made via the <option>-r</option> option.
- Setting this option clears the <type>RD</type> &mdash; recursion
- desired &mdash; bit in the query which <command>host</command> makes.
- This should mean that the name server receiving the query will not
- attempt to resolve <parameter>name</parameter>. The
- <option>-r</option> option enables <command>host</command>
- to mimic
- the behavior of a name server by making non-recursive queries and
- expecting to receive answers to those queries that are usually
- referrals to other name servers.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- By default, <command>host</command> uses UDP when making
- queries. The
- <option>-T</option> option makes it use a TCP connection when querying
- the name server. TCP will be automatically selected for queries that
- require it, such as zone transfer (AXFR) requests.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- The <option>-4</option> option forces <command>host</command> to only
- use IPv4 query transport. The <option>-6</option> option forces
- <command>host</command> to only use IPv6 query transport.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- The <option>-t</option> option is used to select the query type.
- <parameter>type</parameter> can be any recognized query
- type: CNAME,
- NS, SOA, SIG, KEY, AXFR, etc. When no query type is specified,
- <command>host</command> automatically selects an appropriate
- query
- type. By default, it looks for A, AAAA, and MX records, but if the
- <option>-C</option> option was given, queries will be made for SOA
- records, and if <parameter>name</parameter> is a
- dotted-decimal IPv4
- address or colon-delimited IPv6 address, <command>host</command> will
- query for PTR records. If a query type of IXFR is chosen the starting
- serial number can be specified by appending an equal followed by the
- starting serial number (e.g. -t IXFR=12345678).
- </para>
-
- <para>
- The time to wait for a reply can be controlled through the
- <option>-W</option> and <option>-w</option> options. The
- <option>-W</option> option makes <command>host</command>
- wait for
- <parameter>wait</parameter> seconds. If <parameter>wait</parameter>
- is less than one, the wait interval is set to one second. When the
- <option>-w</option> option is used, <command>host</command>
- will
- effectively wait forever for a reply. The time to wait for a response
- will be set to the number of seconds given by the hardware's maximum
- value for an integer quantity.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- The <option>-s</option> option tells <command>host</command>
- <emphasis>not</emphasis> to send the query to the next nameserver
- if any server responds with a SERVFAIL response, which is the
- reverse of normal stub resolver behavior.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- The <option>-m</option> can be used to set the memory usage debugging
- flags
- <parameter>record</parameter>, <parameter>usage</parameter> and
- <parameter>trace</parameter>.
- </para>
- </refsect1>
-
- <refsect1>
- <title>IDN SUPPORT</title>
- <para>
- If <command>host</command> has been built with IDN (internationalized
- domain name) support, it can accept and display non-ASCII domain names.
- <command>host</command> appropriately converts character encoding of
- domain name before sending a request to DNS server or displaying a
- reply from the server.
- If you'd like to turn off the IDN support for some reason, defines
- the <envar>IDN_DISABLE</envar> environment variable.
- The IDN support is disabled if the variable is set when
- <command>host</command> runs.
- </para>
- </refsect1>
-
- <refsect1>
- <title>FILES</title>
- <para><filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>
- </para>
- </refsect1>
-
- <refsect1>
- <title>SEE ALSO</title>
- <para><citerefentry>
- <refentrytitle>dig</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
- </citerefentry>,
- <citerefentry>
- <refentrytitle>named</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
- </citerefentry>.
- </para>
-
- </refsect1>
-</refentry><!--
- - Local variables:
- - mode: sgml
- - End:
--->
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