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-.\" $FreeBSD$
-.\" $Id: dig.1,v 8.11 2003/04/03 05:52:34 marka Exp $
-.\"
-.\" ++Copyright++ 1993
-.\" -
-.\" Copyright (c) 1993
-.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
-.\"
-.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
-.\" are met:
-.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
-.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
-.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
-.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
-.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
-.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
-.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
-.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
-.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
-.\" without specific prior written permission.
-.\"
-.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
-.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
-.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
-.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
-.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
-.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
-.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
-.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
-.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
-.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
-.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
-.\" -
-.\" Portions Copyright (c) 1993 by Digital Equipment Corporation.
-.\"
-.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
-.\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
-.\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies, and that
-.\" the name of Digital Equipment Corporation not be used in advertising or
-.\" publicity pertaining to distribution of the document or software without
-.\" specific, written prior permission.
-.\"
-.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND DIGITAL EQUIPMENT CORP. DISCLAIMS ALL
-.\" WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES
-.\" OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL DIGITAL EQUIPMENT
-.\" CORPORATION BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
-.\" DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR
-.\" PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS
-.\" ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS
-.\" SOFTWARE.
-.\" -
-.\" --Copyright--
-.\"
-.\" Distributed with 'dig' version 2.0 from University of Southern
-.\" California Information Sciences Institute (USC-ISI).
-.\"
-.\" dig.1 2.0 (USC-ISI) 8/30/90
-.\"
-.Dd August 30, 1990
-.Dt DIG @CMD_EXT_U@
-.Os BSD 4
-.Sh NAME
-.Nm dig
-.Nd send domain name query packets to name servers
-.Sh SYNOPSIS
-.Nm dig
-.Op Ic @ Ns Ar server
-.Ar domain
-.Op Aq Ar query-type
-.Op Aq Ar query-class
-.Op Ic + Ns Aq Ar query-option
-.Op Fl Aq Ar dig-option
-.Op Ar %comment
-.Sh DESCRIPTION
-.Ic Dig
-(domain information groper) is a flexible command line tool
-which can be used to gather information from the Domain
-Name System servers.
-.Ic Dig
-has two modes: simple interactive mode
-for a single query, and batch mode which executes a query for
-each in a list of several query lines. All query options are
-accessible from the command line.
-.Pp
-The usual simple use of
-.Ic dig
-will take the form:
-.Pp
-.Bd -ragged -offset indent-two
-.Ic dig @ Ns Ar server domain query-type query-class
-.Ed
-.Pp
-where:
-.Bl -tag -width Fl
-.It Ar server
-may be either a domain name or a raw (IPv4 / IPv6)
-Internet address. If this optional field is omitted,
-.Ic dig
-will attempt to use the default name server for your machine.
-.Pp
-.Em Note :
-If a domain name is specified, this will be resolved
-using the domain name system resolver (i.e., BIND). If your
-system does not support DNS, you may
-.Em have
-to specify a
-dot-notation address. Alternatively, if there is a server
-at your disposal somewhere, all that is required is that
-.Pa /etc/resolv.conf
-be present and indicate where the default
-name servers reside, so that
-.Ar server
-itself can be resolved. See
-.Xr resolver @FORMAT_EXT@
-for information on
-.Pa /etc/resolv.conf .
-.Sy WARNING :
-Changing
-.Pa /etc/resolv.conf
-will affect both the standard resolver library and
-.Pq potentially
-several programs which use it.
-As an option, the user may set the
-environment variable
-.Ev LOCALRES
-to name a file which is to
-be used instead of
-.Pa /etc/resolv.conf
-.Ns Ev (LOCALRES
-is specific to the
-.Ic dig
-resolver and is not referenced by the standard resolver).
-If the
-.Ev LOCALRES
-variable is not set or the specified file
-is not readable, then
-.Pa /etc/resolv.conf
-will be used.
-.It Ar domain
-is the domain name for which you are requesting information.
-See the
-.Fl x
-option (documented in the
-.Sx OTHER OPTIONS
-subsection of this section) for convenient way to specify reverse address
-query.
-.It Ar query-type
-is the type of information (DNS query type) that
-you are requesting. If omitted, the default is
-.Dq Ar a
-.Pq Dv T_A = Ar address .
-The following types are recognized:
-.Pp
-.Bl -hang -width "hinfo T_HINFO " -compact
-.It Ar a\ \ \ \ \ \ Dv T_A
-network address
-.It Ar any\ \ \ \ Dv T_ANY
-all/any information about specified domain
-.It Ar mx\ \ \ \ \ Dv T_MX
-mail exchanger for the domain
-.It Ar ns\ \ \ \ \ Dv T_NS
-name servers
-.It Ar soa\ \ \ \ Dv T_SOA
-zone of authority record
-.It Ar hinfo\ \ Dv T_HINFO
-host information
-.It Ar axfr\ \ \ Dv T_AXFR
-zone transfer (must ask an authoritative server)
-.It Ar txt\ \ \ \ Dv T_TXT
-arbitrary number of strings
-.El
-.Pp
-(See RFC 1035 for the complete list.)
-.It Ar query-class
-is the network class requested in the query. If
-omitted, the default is
-.Dq Ar in
-.Pq Dv C_IN = Ar Internet .
-The following classes are recognized:
-.Pp
-.Bl -tag -width "hinfo T_HINFO " -compact
-.It Ar in\ \ \ \ \ Dv C_IN
-Internet class domain
-.It Ar any\ \ \ \ Dv C_ANY
-all/any class information
-.El
-.Pp
-(See RFC 1035 for the complete list.)
-.Pp
-.Em Note :
-.Dq Ar Any
-can be used to specify a
-.Em class
-and/or a
-.Em type
-of query.
-.Ic Dig
-will parse the first occurrence of
-.Dq Ar any
-to mean
-.Ar query-type = Dv T_ANY .
-To specify
-.Ar query-class = Dv C_ANY ,
-you must either specify
-.Dq any
-twice, or set
-.Ar query-class
-using the
-.Fl c
-option (see below).
-.El
-.Ss OTHER OPTIONS
-.Bl -tag -width Fl
-.It % Ns Ar ignored-comment
-.Dq %
-is used to included an argument that is simply not
-parsed. This may be useful if running
-.Ic dig
-in batch
-mode. Instead of resolving every
-.Ar @server-domain-name
-in a list of queries, you can avoid the overhead of doing
-so, and still have the domain name on the command line
-as a reference. Example:
-.Pp
-.Bd -ragged -offset indent-two
-.Ic dig @128.9.0.32 %venera.isi.edu mx isi.edu
-.Ed
-.Pp
-.It Fl Aq Ar dig option
-.Dq Fl
-is used to specify an option which affects the operation of
-.Ic dig .
-The following options are currently
-available (although not guaranteed to be useful):
-.Bl -tag -width Fl
-.It Fl x Ar dot-notation-address
-Convenient form to specify inverse address mapping.
-Instead of
-.Dq Ic dig 32.0.9.28.in-addr.arpa ,
-one can simply
-.Dq Ic dig -x 28.9.0.32 .
-.It Fl x Ar IPv6-address
-Convenient form to specify inverse address mapping.
-Instead of
-.Dq Ic dig 1.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.ip6.arpa ,
-one can simply
-.Dq Ic dig -x ::1 .
-.It Fl f Ar file
-File for
-.Ic dig
-batch mode. The file contains a list
-of query specifications
-(
-.Ns Ic dig
-command lines) which are to be executed successively. Lines beginning with
-.Sq \&; ,
-.Sq # ,
-or
-.Sq \en
-are ignored. Other options
-may still appear on command line, and will be in
-effect for each batch query.
-.It Fl T Ar time
-Time in seconds between start of successive
-queries when running in batch mode. Can be used
-to keep two or more batch
-.Ic dig
-commands running
-roughly in sync. Default is zero.
-.It Fl p Ar port
-Port number. Query a name server listening to a
-non-standard port number. Default is 53.
-.It Fl P Ns Bq Ar ping-string
-After query returns, execute a
-.Xr ping @SYS_OPS_EXT@
-command for response time comparison. This rather
-unelegantly makes a call to the shell. The last
-three lines of statistics is printed for the
-command:
-.Pp
-.Bd -ragged -offset indent-two
-.Ic ping Fl s server_name 56 3
-.Ed
-.Pp
-If the optional
-.Dq Ar ping_string
-is present, it
-replaces
-.Dq Ic ping Fl s
-in the shell command.
-.It Fl t Ar query-type
-Specify type of query. May specify either an
-integer value to be included in the type field
-or use the abbreviated mnemonic as discussed
-above (i.e.,
-.Ar mx = Dv T_MX ) .
-.It Fl c Ar query-class
-Specify class of query. May specify either an
-integer value to be included in the class field
-or use the abbreviated mnemonic as discussed
-above (i.e., in = C_IN).
-.It Fl k Ar keydir:keyname
-Sign the query with the TSIG key named keyname
-that is in the directory keydir.
-.It Fl envsav
-This flag specifies that the
-.Ic dig
-environment
-(defaults, print options, etc.), after
-all of the arguments are parsed, should be saved
-to a file to become the default environment.
-This is useful if you do not like the standard set of
-defaults and do not desire to include a
-large number of options each time
-.Ic dig
-is used. The environment consists of resolver state
-variable flags, timeout, and retries as well as the flags detailing
-.Ic dig
-output (see below).
-If the shell environment variable
-.Ev LOCALDEF
-is set to the name of a file, this is where the default
-.Ic dig
-environment is saved. If not, the file
-.Dq Pa DiG.env
-is created in the current working directory.
-.Pp
-.Em Note :
-.Ev LOCALDEF
-is specific to the
-.Ic dig
-resolver,
-and will not affect operation of the standard
-resolver library.
-.Pp
-Each time
-.Ic dig
-is executed, it looks for
-.Dq Pa ./DiG.env
-or the file specified by the shell environment variable
-.Ev LOCALDEF .
-If such file exists and is readable, then the
-environment is restored from this file before any arguments are parsed.
-.It Fl envset
-This flag only affects batch query runs. When
-.Dq Fl envset
-is specified on a line in a
-.Ic dig
-batch file, the
-.Ic dig
-environment after the arguments are parsed
-becomes the default environment for the duration of
-the batch file, or until the next line which specifies
-.Dq Fl envset .
-.It Xo
-.Fl Op Cm no
-.Ns Cm stick
-.Xc
-This flag only affects batch query runs.
-It specifies that the
-.Ic dig
-environment (as read initially
-or set by
-.Dq Fl envset
-switch) is to be restored before each query (line) in a
-.Ic dig
-batch file.
-The default
-.Dq Fl nostick
-means that the
-.Ic dig
-environment does not stick, hence options specified on a single line
-in a
-.Ic dig
-batch file will remain in effect for
-subsequent lines (i.e. they are not restored to the
-.Dq sticky
-default).
-.El
-.It Ic + Ns Aq Ar query-option
-.Dq +
-is used to specify an option to be changed in the query packet or to change
-.Ic dig
-output specifics. Many of these are the same parameters accepted by
-.Xr nslookup @SYS_OPS_EXT@ .
-If an option requires a parameter, the form is as follows:
-.Pp
-.Bd -ragged -offset indent-two
-.Ic +
-.Ns Ar keyword
-.Ns Op = Ns Ar value
-.Ed
-.Pp
-Most keywords can be abbreviated. Parsing of the
-.Dq +
-options is very simplistic \(em a value must not be
-separated from its keyword by white space. The following
-keywords are currently available:
-.Pp
-Keyword Abbrev. Meaning [default]
-.Pp
-.Bl -tag -width "[no]primary (ret) " -compact
-.It Xo
-.Op Cm no
-.Ns Cm debug\ \ \ \
-.Pq Cm deb
-.Xc
-turn on/off debugging mode
-.Bq Cm deb
-.It Xo
-.Op Cm no
-.Ns Cm d2\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
-.Xc
-turn on/off extra debugging mode
-.Bq Cm nod2
-.It Xo
-.Op Cm no
-.Ns Cm recurse\ \
-.Pq Cm rec
-.Xc
-use/don't use recursive lookup
-.Bq Cm rec
-.It Xo
-.Cm retry= Ns Ar #
-.Cm \ \ \ \ \
-.Pq Cm ret
-.Xc
-set number of retries to #
-.Bq 4
-.It Xo
-.Cm time= Ns Ar #
-.Cm \ \ \ \ \ \
-.Pq Cm ti
-.Xc
-set timeout length to # seconds
-.Bq 4
-.It Xo
-.Op Cm no
-.Ns Cm ko
-.Xc
-keep open option (implies vc)
-.Bq Cm noko
-.It Xo
-.Op Cm no
-.Ns Cm vc
-.Xc
-use/don't use virtual circuit
-.Bq Cm novc
-.It Xo
-.Op Cm no
-.Ns Cm defname\ \
-.Pq Cm def
-.Xc
-use/don't use default domain name
-.Bq Cm def
-.It Xo
-.Op Cm no
-.Ns Cm search\ \ \
-.Pq Cm sea
-.Xc
-use/don't use domain search list
-.Bq Cm sea
-.It Xo
-.Cm domain= Ns Ar NAME\ \
-.Pq Cm do
-.Xc
-set default domain name to
-.Ar NAME
-.It Xo
-.Op Cm no
-.Ns Cm ignore\ \ \
-.Pq Cm i
-.Xc
-ignore/don't ignore trunc. errors
-.Bq Cm noi
-.It Xo
-.Op Cm no
-.Ns Cm primary\ \
-.Pq Cm pr
-.Xc
-use/don't use primary server
-.Bq Cm nopr
-.It Xo
-.Op Cm no
-.Ns Cm aaonly\ \ \
-.Pq Cm aa
-.Xc
-authoritative query only flag
-.Bq Cm noaa
-.It Xo
-.Op Cm no
-.Ns Cm cmd
-.Xc
-echo parsed arguments
-.Bq Cm cmd
-.It Xo
-.Op Cm no
-.Ns Cm stats\ \ \ \
-.Pq Cm st
-.Xc
-print query statistics
-.Bq Cm st
-.It Xo
-.Op Cm no
-.Ns Cm Header\ \ \
-.Pq Cm H
-.Xc
-print basic header
-.Bq Cm H
-.It Xo
-.Op Cm no
-.Ns Cm header\ \ \
-.Pq Cm he
-.Xc
-print header flags
-.Bq Cm he
-.It Xo
-.Op Cm no
-.Ns Cm ttlid\ \ \ \
-.Pq Cm tt
-.Xc
-print TTLs
-.Bq Cm tt
-.It Xo
-.Op Cm no
-.Ns Cm trunc\ \ \ \
-.Pq Cm tr
-.Xc
-truncate origin from names
-.Bq Cm tr
-.It Xo
-.Op Cm no
-.Ns Cm cl
-.Xc
-print class info
-.Bq Cm nocl
-.It Xo
-.Op Cm no
-.Ns Cm qr
-.Xc
-print outgoing query
-.Bq Cm noqr
-.It Xo
-.Op Cm no
-.Ns Cm reply\ \ \ \
-.Pq Cm rep
-.Xc
-print reply
-.Bq Cm rep
-.It Xo
-.Op Cm no
-.Ns Cm ques\ \ \ \ \
-.Pq Cm qu
-.Xc
-print question section
-.Bq Cm qu
-.It Xo
-.Op Cm no
-.Ns Cm answer\ \ \
-.Pq Cm an
-.Xc
-print answer section
-.Bq Cm an
-.It Xo
-.Op Cm no
-.Ns Cm author\ \ \
-.Pq Cm au
-.Xc
-print authoritative section
-.Bq Cm au
-.It Xo
-.Op Cm no
-.Ns Cm addit\ \ \ \
-.Pq Cm ad
-.Xc
-print additional section
-.Bq Cm ad
-.It Xo
-.Op Cm no
-.Ns Cm dnssec\ \ \
-.Pq Cm \ddn
-.Xc
-set the DNSSEC OK bit in the OPT pseudo record
-.Bq Cm nodn
-.It Cm pfdef
-set to default print flags
-.It Cm pfmin
-set to minimal default print flags
-.It Cm pfset= Ns Ar #
-set print flags to #
-(# can be hex/octal/decimal)
-.It Cm pfand= Ns Ar #
-bitwise and print flags with #
-.It Cm pfor= Ns Ar #
-bitwise or print flags with #
-.El
-.Pp
-The
-.Cm retry
-and
-.Cm time
-options affect the retransmission strategy used by the resolver
-library when sending datagram queries. The algorithm is as follows:
-.Pp
-.Bd -literal -offset indent
-for i = 0 to retry - 1
- for j = 1 to num_servers
- send_query
- wait((time * (2**i)) / num_servers)
- end
-end
-.Ed
-.Pp
-(Note:
-.Ic dig
-always uses a value of 1 for
-.Dq Li num_servers . )
-.El
-.Ss DETAILS
-.Ic Dig
-once required a slightly modified version of the BIND
-.Xr resolver @LIB_NETWORK_EXT@
-library. As of BIND 4.9, BIND's resolver has been augmented to work
-properly with
-.Ic dig .
-Essentially,
-.Ic dig
-is a straight-forward
-(albeit not pretty) effort of parsing arguments and setting appropriate
-parameters.
-.Ic Dig
-uses
-.Xr resolver @LIB_NETWORK_EXT@
-routines
-.Fn res_init ,
-.Fn res_mkquery ,
-.Fn res_send
-as well as accessing the
-.Ft _res
-structure.
-.Sh ENVIRONMENT
-.Bl -tag -width "LOCALRES " -compact
-.It Ev LOCALRES
-file to use in place of
-.Pa /etc/resolv.conf
-.It Ev LOCALDEF
-default environment file
-.El
-.Pp
-See also the explanation of the
-.Fl envsav ,
-.Fl envset ,
-and
-.Xo
-.Fl Op Cm no
-.Ns Cm stick
-.Xc
-options, above.
-.Sh FILES
-.Bl -tag -width "/etc/resolv.conf " -compact
-.It Pa /etc/resolv.conf
-initial domain name and name server addresses
-.It Pa \./DiG.env
-default save file for default options
-.El
-.Sh SEE ALSO
-.Xr @INDOT@named @SYS_OPS_EXT@ ,
-.Xr resolver @LIB_NETWORK_EXT@ ,
-.Xr resolver @FORMAT_EXT@ ,
-.Xr nslookup @SYS_OPS_EXT@ .
-.Sh STANDARDS
-RFC 1035.
-.Sh AUTHOR
-Steve Hotz
-hotz@isi.edu
-.Sh ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
-.Ic Dig
-uses functions from
-.Xr nslookup @SYS_OPS_EXT@
-authored by Andrew Cherenson.
-.Sh BUGS
-.Ic Dig
-has a serious case of "creeping featurism" -- the result of
-considering several potential uses during its development. It would
-probably benefit from a rigorous diet. Similarly, the print flags
-and granularity of the items they specify make evident their
-rather ad hoc genesis.
-.Pp
-.Ic Dig
-does not consistently exit nicely (with appropriate status)
-when a problem occurs somewhere in the resolver
-.Po
-.Sy NOTE :
-most of the common exit cases are handled
-.Pc .
-This is particularly annoying when running in
-batch mode. If it exits abnormally (and is not caught), the entire
-batch aborts; when such an event is trapped,
-.Ic dig
-simply
-continues with the next query.
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