diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'bin/ed/ed.1')
-rw-r--r-- | bin/ed/ed.1 | 181 |
1 files changed, 126 insertions, 55 deletions
diff --git a/bin/ed/ed.1 b/bin/ed/ed.1 index 8509c6e..2275277f 100644 --- a/bin/ed/ed.1 +++ b/bin/ed/ed.1 @@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ .Op Fl sx .Op Fl p Ar string .Op Ar file -.LP .Nm red .Op Fl .Op Fl sx @@ -32,7 +31,7 @@ mode, in which the only difference is that the editor restricts the use of filenames which start with .Ql \&! (interpreted as shell commands by -.Nm ed ) +.Nm ) or contain a .Ql \&/ . Note that editing outside of the current directory is only prohibited @@ -53,7 +52,7 @@ Changes are made to this copy and not directly to itself. Upon quitting .Nm , -any changes not explicitly saved with a +any changes not explicitly saved with a .Em w command are lost. .Pp @@ -88,11 +87,13 @@ When an input command, such as .Em c (change), is given, .Nm -enters input mode. This is the primary means +enters input mode. +This is the primary means of adding text to a file. In this mode, no commands are available; instead, the standard input is written -directly to the editor buffer. Lines consist of text up to and +directly to the editor buffer. +Lines consist of text up to and including a .Em newline character. @@ -110,7 +111,8 @@ command deletes lines; the .Em m command moves lines, and so on. It is possible to modify only a portion of a line by means of replacement, -as in the example above. However even here, the +as in the example above. +However even here, the .Em s command is applied to whole lines at a time. .Pp @@ -128,7 +130,8 @@ commands have the structure: .Sm on .Pp The address(es) indicate the line or range of lines to be affected by the -command. If fewer addresses are given than the command accepts, then +command. +If fewer addresses are given than the command accepts, then default addresses are supplied. .Sh OPTIONS The following options are available: @@ -144,14 +147,17 @@ Prompt for an encryption key to be used in subsequent reads and writes .Em x command). .It Fl p Ar string -Specify a command prompt. This may be toggled on and off with the +Specify a command prompt. +This may be toggled on and off with the .Em P command. .It Ar file -Specify the name of a file to read. If +Specify the name of a file to read. +If .Ar file is prefixed with a -bang (!), then it is interpreted as a shell command. In this case, +bang (!), then it is interpreted as a shell command. +In this case, what is read is the standard output of .Ar file @@ -171,13 +177,15 @@ utility maintains a .Em current address which is typically supplied to commands as the default address when none is specified. -When a file is first read, the current address is set to the last line -of the file. In general, the current address is set to the last line +When a file is first read, the current address is set to the last line +of the file. +In general, the current address is set to the last line affected by a command. .Pp A line address is constructed from one of the bases in the list below, optionally followed -by a numeric offset. The offset may include any combination +by a numeric offset. +The offset may include any combination of digits, operators (i.e., .Em + , .Em - @@ -197,8 +205,10 @@ and is legal wherever it makes sense. An address range is two addresses separated either by a comma or semi-colon. The value of the first address in a range cannot exceed the -value of the second. If only one address is given in a range, then -the second address is set to the given address. If an +value of the second. +If only one address is given in a range, then +the second address is set to the given address. +If an .Em n Ns -tuple of addresses is given where .Em "n\ >\ 2" , @@ -208,7 +218,8 @@ the If only one address is expected, then the last address is used. .Pp Each address in a comma-delimited range is interpreted relative to the -current address. In a semi-colon-delimited range, the first address is +current address. +In a semi-colon-delimited range, the first address is used to set the current address, and the second address is interpreted relative to the first. .Pp @@ -249,11 +260,13 @@ next line, where .Em n is a non-negative number. .It , or % -The first through last lines in the buffer. This is equivalent to +The first through last lines in the buffer. +This is equivalent to the address range .Em 1,$ . .It ; -The current through last lines in the buffer. This is equivalent to +The current through last lines in the buffer. +This is equivalent to the address range .Em .,$ . .It /re/ @@ -296,7 +309,8 @@ command for selecting old text to be replaced with new. .Pp In addition to a specifying string literals, regular expressions can represent -classes of strings. Strings thus represented are said to be matched +classes of strings. +Strings thus represented are said to be matched by the corresponding regular expression. If it is possible for a regular expression to match several strings in a line, then the left-most longest match is @@ -307,24 +321,43 @@ The following symbols are used in constructing regular expressions: .It c Any character .Em c -not listed below, including `{', '}', `(', `)', `<' and `>', +not listed below, including +.Ql \&{ , +.Ql \&} , +.Ql \&( , +.Ql \&) , +.Ql < +and +.Ql > , matches itself. .It Pf \e c Any backslash-escaped character .Em c , -except for `{', '}', `(', `)', `<' and `>', +except for +.Ql \&{ , +.Ql \&} , +.Ql \&( , +.Ql \&) , +.Ql < +and +.Ql > , matches itself. .It . Match any single character. .It Op char-class Match any single character in .Em char-class . -To include a `]' +To include a +.Ql \&] in .Em char-class , it must be the first character. A range of characters may be specified by separating the end characters -of the range with a `-', e.g., `a-z' specifies the lower case characters. +of the range with a +.Ql - , +e.g., +.Ql a-z +specifies the lower case characters. The following literal expressions can also be used in .Em char-class to specify sets of characters: @@ -335,7 +368,9 @@ to specify sets of characters: .It [:blank:] Ta [:graph:] Ta [:punct:] Ta [:xdigit:] .El .Pp -If `-' appears as the first or last +If +.Ql - +appears as the first or last character of .Em char-class , then it matches itself. @@ -402,21 +437,31 @@ where is a number in the range [1,9], expands to the text matched by the .Em n Ns th subexpression. -For example, the regular expression `\e(.*\e)\e1' matches any string +For example, the regular expression +.Ql \e(.*\e)\e1 +matches any string consisting of identical adjacent substrings. Subexpressions are ordered relative to their left delimiter. .It * Match the single character regular expression or subexpression -immediately preceding it zero or more times. If +immediately preceding it zero or more times. +If .Em * is the first character of a regular expression or subexpression, then it matches -itself. The +itself. +The .Em * operator sometimes yields unexpected results. -For example, the regular expression `b*' matches the beginning of -the string `abbb' (as opposed to the substring `bbb'), since a null match +For example, the regular expression +.Ql b* +matches the beginning of +the string +.Ql abbb +(as opposed to the substring +.Ql bbb ) , +since a null match is the only left-most match. .It \e{n,m\e} or \e{n,\e} or \e{n\e} Match the single character regular expression or subexpression @@ -464,7 +509,8 @@ and returning the editor to command mode. The .Nm utility -recognizes the following commands. The commands are shown together with +recognizes the following commands. +The commands are shown together with the default address or address range supplied if none is specified (in parenthesis). .Bl -tag -width indent @@ -473,7 +519,8 @@ Append text to the buffer after the addressed line. Text is entered in input mode. The current address is set to last line entered. .It (.,.)c -Change lines in the buffer. The addressed lines are deleted +Change lines in the buffer. +The addressed lines are deleted from the buffer, and text is appended in their place. Text is entered in input mode. The current address is set to last line entered. @@ -489,7 +536,7 @@ Edit and sets the default filename. If .Ar file -is not specified, then the default filename is used. +is not specified, then the default filename is used. Any lines in the buffer are deleted before the new file is read. The current address is set to the last line read. @@ -567,8 +614,11 @@ The format of .Ar command-list is the same as that of the .Em g -command. A newline alone acts as a null command list. -A single `&' repeats the last non-null command list. +command. +A newline alone acts as a null command list. +A single +.Ql & +repeats the last non-null command list. .It H Toggle the printing of error explanations. By default, explanations are not printed. @@ -581,23 +631,26 @@ Insert text in the buffer before the current line. Text is entered in input mode. The current address is set to the last line entered. .It (.,.+1)j -Join the addressed lines. The addressed lines are +Join the addressed lines. +The addressed lines are deleted from the buffer and replaced by a single line containing their joined text. The current address is set to the resultant line. .It (.)klc Mark a line with a lower case letter .Em lc . -The line can then be addressed as +The line can then be addressed as .Em 'lc (i.e., a single quote followed by .Em lc ) -in subsequent commands. The mark is not cleared until the line is +in subsequent commands. +The mark is not cleared until the line is deleted or otherwise modified. .It (.,.)l Print the addressed lines unambiguously. If a single line fills for than one screen (as might be the case -when viewing a binary file, for instance), a `--More--' +when viewing a binary file, for instance), a +.Dq Li --More-- prompt is printed on the last line. The .Nm @@ -606,7 +659,8 @@ before displaying the next screen. The current address is set to the last line printed. .It (.,.)m(.) -Move lines in the buffer. The addressed lines are moved to after the +Move lines in the buffer. +The addressed lines are moved to after the right-hand destination address, which may be the address .Em 0 (zero). @@ -614,7 +668,8 @@ The current address is set to the last line moved. .It (.,.)n Print the addressed lines along with -their line numbers. The current address is set to the last line +their line numbers. +The current address is set to the last line printed. .It (.,.)p Print the addressed lines. @@ -639,10 +694,12 @@ except that unwritten changes are discarded without warning. .It ($)r Ar file Read .Ar file -to after the addressed line. If +to after the addressed line. +If .Ar file is not specified, then the default -filename is used. If there was no default filename prior to the command, +filename is used. +If there was no default filename prior to the command, then the default filename is set to .Ar file . Otherwise, the default filename is unchanged. @@ -692,7 +749,9 @@ affected is printed as though the print suffix .Em p were specified. .Pp -An unescaped `&' in +An unescaped +.Ql & +in .Ar replacement is replaced by the currently matched text. The character sequence @@ -704,7 +763,9 @@ is a number in the range [1,9], is replaced by the backreference expression of the matched text. If .Ar replacement -consists of a single `%', then +consists of a single +.Ql % , +then .Ar replacement from the last substitution is used. Newlines may be embedded in @@ -779,7 +840,8 @@ Any previous contents of is lost without warning. If there is no default filename, then the default filename is set to .Ar file , -otherwise it is unchanged. If no filename is specified, then the default +otherwise it is unchanged. +If no filename is specified, then the default filename is used. The current address is unchanged. .It (1,$)wq Ar file @@ -804,15 +866,18 @@ command, expect that the previous contents of file is not clobbered. The current address is unchanged. .It x Prompt for an encryption key which is used in subsequent reads and -writes. If a newline alone is entered as the key, then encryption is -turned off. Otherwise, echoing is disabled while a key is read. +writes. +If a newline alone is entered as the key, then encryption is +turned off. +Otherwise, echoing is disabled while a key is read. Encryption/decryption is done using the .Xr bdes 1 algorithm. .It Pf (.+1)z n Scroll .Ar n -lines at a time starting at addressed line. If +lines at a time starting at addressed line. +If .Ar n is not specified, then the current window size is used. The current address is set to the last line printed. @@ -823,7 +888,9 @@ via .Xr sh 1 . If the first character of .Ar command -is `!', then it is replaced by text of the +is +.Ql \&! , +then it is replaced by text of the previous .Ar !command . The @@ -834,7 +901,8 @@ for backslash (\\) escapes. However, an unescaped .Em % is replaced by the default filename. -When the shell returns from execution, a `!' +When the shell returns from execution, a +.Ql \&! is printed to the standard output. The current line is unchanged. .It ($)= @@ -850,7 +918,7 @@ buffer file .It ed.hup the file to which .Nm -attempts to write the buffer if the terminal hangs up +attempts to write the buffer if the terminal hangs up .El .Sh SEE ALSO .Xr bdes 1 , @@ -872,14 +940,15 @@ The .Nm utility processes .Ar file -arguments for backslash escapes, i.e., in a filename, +arguments for backslash escapes, i.e., in a filename, any characters preceded by a backslash (\\) are interpreted literally. .Pp If a text (non-binary) file is not terminated by a newline character, then .Nm -appends one on reading/writing it. In the case of a binary file, +appends one on reading/writing it. +In the case of a binary file, .Nm does not append a newline on reading/writing. .Pp @@ -887,7 +956,9 @@ per line overhead: 4 ints .Sh DIAGNOSTICS When an error occurs, .Nm -prints a `?' and either returns to command mode +prints a +.Ql \&? +and either returns to command mode or exits if its input is from a script. An explanation of the last error can be printed with the @@ -896,7 +967,7 @@ printed with the .Pp Since the .Em g -(global) command masks any errors from failed searches and substitutions, +(global) command masks any errors from failed searches and substitutions, it can be used to perform conditional operations in scripts; e.g., .Pp .Sm off |