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authorpeter <peter@FreeBSD.org>1995-12-30 19:02:48 +0000
committerpeter <peter@FreeBSD.org>1995-12-30 19:02:48 +0000
commitc3f352d4ad515968c54d216a0e53252eff8ab3ef (patch)
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parentab124e78b0271ddb904b761b31e5c9a0cf24e070 (diff)
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-.\" Copyright (c) 1985, 1986, 1988, 1994
-.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
-.\"
-.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
-.\" are met:
-.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
-.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
-.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
-.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
-.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
-.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
-.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
-.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
-.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
-.\" without specific prior written permission.
-.\"
-.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
-.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
-.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
-.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
-.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
-.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
-.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
-.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
-.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
-.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
-.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
-.\"
-.\" @(#)arp4.4 6.5 (Berkeley) 4/18/94
-.\"
-.Dd April 18, 1994
-.Dt ARP 4
-.Os BSD 4
-.Sh NAME
-.Nm arp
-.Nd Address Resolution Protocol
-.Sh SYNOPSIS
-.Em "pseudo-device ether"
-.Sh DESCRIPTION
-The Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is a protocol used to dynamically
-map between Internet host addresses and 10Mb/s Ethernet addresses.
-It is used by all the 10Mb/s Ethernet interface drivers.
-It is not specific to Internet protocols or to 10Mb/s Ethernet,
-but this implementation currently supports only that combination.
-.Pp
-ARP caches Internet-Ethernet address mappings.
-When an interface requests a mapping for an address not in the cache,
-ARP queues the message which requires the mapping and broadcasts
-a message on the associated network requesting the address mapping.
-If a response is provided, the new mapping is cached and any pending
-message is transmitted.
-ARP will queue at most one packet while waiting for a response to a
-mapping request;
-only the most recently ``transmitted'' packet is kept.
-If the target host does not respond after several requests,
-the host is considered to be down for a short period (normally 20 seconds),
-allowing an error to be returned to transmission attempts during this
-interval.
-The error is
-.Li EHOSTDOWN
-for a non-responding destination host, and
-.Li EHOSTUNREACH
-for a non-responding router.
-.Pp
-The ARP cache is stored in the system routing table as
-dynamically-created host routes.
-The route to a directly-attached Ethernet network is installed as a
-.Dq cloning
-route (one with the
-.Li RTF_CLONING
-flag set),
-causing routes to individual hosts on that network to be created on
-demand.
-These routes time out periodically (normally 20 minutes after validated;
-entries are not validated when not in use).
-An entry for a host which is not responding is a
-.Dq reject
-route (one with the
-.Li RTF_REJECT
-flag set).
-.Pp
-ARP entries may be added, deleted or changed with the
-.Xr arp 8
-utility.
-Manually-added entries may be temporary or permanent,
-and may be
-.Dq published ,
-in which case the system will respond to ARP requests for that host
-as if it were the target of the request.
-.Pp
-In the past,
-ARP was used to negotiate the use of a trailer encapsulation.
-This is no longer supported.
-.Pp
-ARP watches passively for hosts impersonating the local host (i.e. a host
-which responds to an ARP mapping request for the local host's address).
-.Sh DIAGNOSTICS
-.Em "duplicate IP address %x!! sent from ethernet address: %x:%x:%x:%x:%x:%x."
-ARP has discovered another host on the local network which responds to
-mapping requests for its own Internet address with a different Ethernet
-address, generally indicating that two hosts are attempting to use the
-same Internet address.
-.Sh SEE ALSO
-.Xr inet 4 ,
-.Xr route 4 ,
-.Xr arp 8 ,
-.Xr ifconfig 8 ,
-.Xr route 8
-.sp
-.Rs
-.%A Plummer, D.
-.%B "An Ethernet Address Resolution Protocol"
-.%T RFC826
-.Re
-.Rs
-.%A Leffler, S.J.
-.%A Karels, M.J.
-.%B "Trailer Encapsulations
-.%T RFC893
-.Re
-
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