recording cvs-1.6 file death

author: peter <peter@FreeBSD.org> 1995-12-30 19:02:48 +0000
committer: peter <peter@FreeBSD.org> 1995-12-30 19:02:48 +0000
commit: 9e723d65b3dbe4a3c599923d35ce1e637e0d32e1 (patch)
tree: 392650eb6fe24a669868f9d9d63ff6af2040e501 /usr.bin/bdes
parent: 252487f3dde38c3e41336534067ea6fe9c47d787 (diff)
download: FreeBSD-src-9e723d65b3dbe4a3c599923d35ce1e637e0d32e1.zip
FreeBSD-src-9e723d65b3dbe4a3c599923d35ce1e637e0d32e1.tar.gz
4 files changed, 0 insertions, 4300 deletions
diff --git a/usr.bin/bdes/Makefile b/usr.bin/bdes/Makefile
deleted file mode 100644
index 9166f72..0000000
--- a/usr.bin/bdes/Makefile
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-#	@(#)Makefile	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93
-
-PROG=	bdes
-
-.include <bsd.prog.mk>
diff --git a/usr.bin/bdes/bdes.1 b/usr.bin/bdes/bdes.1
deleted file mode 100644
index eecd81b..0000000
--- a/usr.bin/bdes/bdes.1
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,304 +0,0 @@
-.\" Copyright (c) 1991, 1993
-.\"	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
-.\"
-.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
-.\" Matt Bishop of Dartmouth College.
-.\"
-.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
-.\" are met:
-.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
-.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
-.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
-.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
-.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
-.\"	This product includes software developed by the University of
-.\"	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
-.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
-.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
-.\"    without specific prior written permission.
-.\"
-.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
-.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
-.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
-.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
-.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
-.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
-.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
-.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
-.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
-.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
-.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
-.\"
-.\"	@(#)bdes.1	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/29/93
-.\"
-.TH BDES 1 "June 29, 1993"
-.UC 6
-.SH NAME
-bdes \- encrypt/decrypt using the Data Encryption Standard
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.nf
-.ft B
-bdes [ \-abdp ] [ \-F N ] [ \-f N ] [ \-k key ]
-.ti +5
-[ \-m N ] [ \-o N ] [ \-v vector ]
-.ft R
-.fi
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-.I Bdes
-implements all DES modes of operation described in FIPS PUB 81, 
-including alternative cipher feedback mode and both authentication
-modes.
-.I Bdes
-reads from the standard input and writes to the standard output.
-By default, the input is encrypted using cipher block chaining mode.
-Using the same key for encryption and decryption preserves plain text.
-.PP
-All modes but the electronic code book mode require an initialization
-vector; if none is supplied, the zero vector is used.
-If no
-.I key
-is specified on the command line, the user is prompted for one (see
-.IR getpass (3)
-for more details).
-.PP
-The options are as follows:
-.TP
-\-a
-The key and initialization vector strings are to be taken as ASCII,
-suppressing the special interpretation given to leading ``0X'', ``0x'',
-``0B'', and ``0b'' characters.
-This flag applies to
-.I both
-the key and initialization vector.
-.TP
-\-b
-Use electronic code book mode.
-.TP
-\-d
-Decrypt the input.
-.TP
-\-F
-Use
-.IR N -bit
-alternative cipher feedback mode.
-Currently
-.I N
-must be a multiple of 7 between 7 and 56 inclusive (this does not conform
-to the alternative CFB mode specification).
-.TP
-\-f
-Use
-.IR N -bit
-cipher feedback mode.
-Currently
-.I N
-must be a multiple of 8 between 8 and 64 inclusive (this does not conform
-to the standard CFB mode specification).
-.TP
-\-k
-Use
-.I key
-as the cryptographic key.
-.TP
-\-m
-Compute a message authentication code (MAC) of
-.I N
-bits on the input.
-The value of
-.I N
-must be between 1 and 64 inclusive; if
-.I N
-is not a multiple of 8, enough 0 bits will be added to pad the MAC length
-to the nearest multiple of 8.
-Only the MAC is output.
-MACs are only available in cipher block chaining mode or in cipher feedback
-mode.
-.TP
-\-o
-Use
-.IR N -bit
-output feedback mode.
-Currently
-.I N
-must be a multiple of 8 between 8 and 64 inclusive (this does not conform
-to the OFB mode specification).
-.TP
-\-p
-Disable the resetting of the parity bit.
-This flag forces the parity bit of the key to be used as typed, rather than
-making each character be of odd parity.
-It is used only if the key is given in ASCII.
-.TP
-\-v
-Set the initialization vector to
-.IR vector ;
-the vector is interpreted in the same way as the key.
-The vector is ignored in electronic codebook mode.
-.PP
-The key and initialization vector are taken as sequences of ASCII
-characters which are then mapped into their bit representations.
-If either begins with ``0X'' or ``0x'',
-that one is taken as a sequence of hexadecimal digits indicating the
-bit pattern;
-if either begins with ``0B'' or ``0b'',
-that one is taken as a sequence of binary digits indicating the bit pattern.
-In either case,
-only the leading 64 bits of the key or initialization vector
-are used,
-and if fewer than 64 bits are provided, enough 0 bits are appended
-to pad the key to 64 bits.
-.PP
-According to the DES standard, the low-order bit of each character in the
-key string is deleted.
-Since most ASCII representations set the high-order bit to 0, simply
-deleting the low-order bit effectively reduces the size of the key space
-from 2\u\s-356\s0\d to 2\u\s-348\s0\d keys.
-To prevent this, the high-order bit must be a function depending in part
-upon the low-order bit; so, the high-order bit is set to whatever value
-gives odd parity.
-This preserves the key space size.
-Note this resetting of the parity bit is
-.I not
-done if the key is given in binary or hex, and can be disabled for ASCII
-keys as well.
-.PP
-The DES is considered a very strong cryptosystem, and other than table lookup
-attacks, key search attacks, and Hellman's time-memory tradeoff (all of which
-are very expensive and time-consuming), no cryptanalytic methods for breaking
-the DES are known in the open literature.
-No doubt the choice of keys and key security are the most vulnerable aspect
-of
-.IR bdes .
-.SH IMPLEMENTATION NOTES
-For implementors wishing to write software compatible with this program,
-the following notes are provided.
-This software is believed to be compatible with the implementation of the
-data encryption standard distributed by Sun Microsystems, Inc.
-.PP
-In the ECB and CBC modes, plaintext is encrypted in units of 64 bits (8 bytes,
-also called a block).
-To ensure that the plaintext file is encrypted correctly,
-.I bdes
-will (internally) append from 1 to 8 bytes, the last byte containing an
-integer stating how many bytes of that final block are from the plaintext
-file, and encrypt the resulting block.
-Hence, when decrypting, the last block may contain from 0 to 7 characters
-present in the plaintext file, and the last byte tells how many.
-Note that if during decryption the last byte of the file does not contain an
-integer between 0 and 7, either the file has been corrupted or an incorrect
-key has been given.
-A similar mechanism is used for the OFB and CFB modes, except that those
-simply require the length of the input to be a multiple of the mode size,
-and the final byte contains an integer between 0 and one less than the number
-of bytes being used as the mode.
-(This was another reason that the mode size must be a multiple of 8 for those
-modes.)
-.PP
-Unlike Sun's implementation, unused bytes of that last block are not filled
-with random data, but instead contain what was in those byte positions in
-the preceding block.
-This is quicker and more portable, and does not weaken the encryption
-significantly.
-.PP
-If the key is entered in ASCII, the parity bits of the key characters are set
-so that each key character is of odd parity.
-Unlike Sun's implementation, it is possible to enter binary or hexadecimal
-keys on the command line, and if this is done, the parity bits are
-.I not
-reset.
-This allows testing using arbitrary bit patterns as keys.
-.PP
-The Sun implementation always uses an initialization vector of 0
-(that is, all zeroes).
-By default,
-.I bdes
-does too, but this may be changed from the command line.
-.SH SEE ALSO
-crypt(1), crypt(3), getpass(3)
-.sp
-.IR "Data Encryption Standard" ,
-Federal Information Processing Standard #46,
-National Bureau of Standards,
-U.S. Department of Commerce,
-Washington DC
-(Jan. 1977)
-.sp
-.IR "DES Modes of Operation" ,
-Federal Information Processing Standard #81,
-National Bureau of Standards,
-U.S. Department of Commerce
-Washington DC
-(Dec. 1980)
-.sp
-Dorothy Denning,
-.IR "Cryptography and Data Security" ,
-Addison-Wesley Publishing Co.,
-Reading, MA
-\(co1982.
-.sp
-Matt Bishop,
-.IR "Implementation Notes on bdes(1)" ,
-Technical Report PCS-TR-91-158,
-Department of Mathematics and Computer Science,
-Dartmouth College,
-Hanover, NH  03755
-(Apr. 1991).
-.SH DISCLAIMER
-.nf
-THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
-ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
-IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
-ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
-FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
-DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
-OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
-HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
-LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
-OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
-SUCH DAMAGE.
-.fi
-.SH BUGS
-There is a controversy raging over whether the DES will still be secure
-in a few years.
-The advent of special-purpose hardware could reduce the cost of any of the
-methods of attack named above so that they are no longer computationally
-infeasible.
-.PP
-As the key or key schedule is stored in memory, the encryption can be
-compromised if memory is readable.
-Additionally, programs which display programs' arguments may compromise the
-key and initialization vector, if they are specified on the command line.
-To avoid this
-.I bdes
-overwrites its arguments, however, the obvious race cannot currently be
-avoided.
-.PP
-Certain specific keys should be avoided because they introduce potential
-weaknesses; these keys, called the
-.I weak
-and
-.I semiweak
-keys, are (in hex notation, where p is either 0 or 1, and P is either
-e or f):
-.sp
-.nf
-.in +10n
-.ta \w'0x0p0p0p0p0p0p0p0p\0\0\0'u+5n
-0x0p0p0p0p0p0p0p0p	0x0p1P0p1P0p0P0p0P
-0x0pep0pep0pfp0pfp	0x0pfP0pfP0pfP0pfP
-0x1P0p1P0p0P0p0P0p	0x1P1P1P1P0P0P0P0P
-0x1Pep1Pep0Pfp0Pfp	0x1PfP1PfP0PfP0PfP
-0xep0pep0pfp0pfp0p	0xep1Pep1pfp0Pfp0P
-0xepepepepepepepep	0xepfPepfPfpfPfpfP
-0xfP0pfP0pfP0pfP0p	0xfP1PfP1PfP0PfP0P
-0xfPepfPepfPepfPep	0xfPfPfPfPfPfPfPfP
-.fi
-.in -10n
-.sp
-This is inherent in the DES algorithm (see Moore and Simmons,
-\*(LqCycle structure of the DES with weak and semi-weak keys,\*(Rq
-.I "Advances in Cryptology \- Crypto '86 Proceedings" ,
-Springer-Verlag New York, \(co1987, pp. 9-32.)
diff --git a/usr.bin/bdes/bdes.c b/usr.bin/bdes/bdes.c
deleted file mode 100644
index f702e01..0000000
--- a/usr.bin/bdes/bdes.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,1046 +0,0 @@
-/*-
- * Copyright (c) 1991, 1993
- *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
- *
- * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
- * Matt Bishop of Dartmouth College.
- *
- * The United States Government has rights in this work pursuant
- * to contract no. NAG 2-680 between the National Aeronautics and
- * Space Administration and Dartmouth College.
- *
- * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
- * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
- * are met:
- * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
- *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
- * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
- *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
- *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
- * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
- *    must display the following acknowledgement:
- *	This product includes software developed by the University of
- *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
- * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
- *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
- *    without specific prior written permission.
- *
- * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
- * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
- * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
- * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
- * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
- * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
- * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
- * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
- * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
- * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
- * SUCH DAMAGE.
- */
-
-#ifndef lint
-static char copyright[] =
-"@(#) Copyright (c) 1991, 1993\n\
-	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.\n";
-#endif /* not lint */
-
-#ifndef lint
-static char sccsid[] = "@(#)bdes.c	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93";
-#endif /* not lint */
-
-/*
- * BDES -- DES encryption package for Berkeley Software Distribution 4.4
- * options:
- *	-a	key is in ASCII
- *	-b	use ECB (electronic code book) mode
- *	-d	invert (decrypt) input
- *	-f b	use b-bit CFB (cipher feedback) mode
- *	-F b	use b-bit CFB (cipher feedback) alternative mode
- *	-k key	use key as the cryptographic key
- *	-m b	generate a MAC of length b
- *	-o b	use b-bit OFB (output feedback) mode
- *	-p	don't reset the parity bit
- *	-v v	use v as the initialization vector (ignored for ECB)
- * note: the last character of the last block is the integer indicating
- * how many characters of that block are to be output
- *
- * Author: Matt Bishop
- *	   Department of Mathematics and Computer Science
- *	   Dartmouth College
- *	   Hanover, NH  03755
- * Email:  Matt.Bishop@dartmouth.edu
- *	   ...!decvax!dartvax!Matt.Bishop
- *
- * See Technical Report PCS-TR91-158, Department of Mathematics and Computer
- * Science, Dartmouth College, for a detailed description of the implemen-
- * tation and differences between it and Sun's.  The DES is described in
- * FIPS PUB 46, and the modes in FIPS PUB 81 (see either the manual page
- * or the technical report for a complete reference).
- */
-
-#include <errno.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <ctype.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <string.h>
-
-/*
- * BSD and System V systems offer special library calls that do
- * block moves and fills, so if possible we take advantage of them
- */
-#define	MEMCPY(dest,src,len)	bcopy((src),(dest),(len))
-#define	MEMZERO(dest,len)	bzero((dest),(len))
-
-/* Hide the calls to the primitive encryption routines. */
-#define	FASTWAY
-#ifdef	FASTWAY
-#define	DES_KEY(buf) \
-	if (des_setkey(buf)) \
-		err("des_setkey", 0);
-#define	DES_XFORM(buf) \
-	if (des_cipher(buf, buf, 0L, (inverse ? -1 : 1))) \
-		err("des_cipher", 0);
-#else
-#define	DES_KEY(buf)	{						\
-				char bits1[64];	/* bits of key */	\
-				expand(buf, bits1);			\
-				if (setkey(bits1))			\
-					err("setkey", 0);		\
-			}
-#define	DES_XFORM(buf)	{						\
-				char bits1[64];	/* bits of message */	\
-				expand(buf, bits1);			\
-				if (encrypt(bits1, inverse))		\
-					err("encrypt", 0);		\
-				compress(bits1, buf);			\
-			}
-#endif
-
-/*
- * this does an error-checking write
- */
-#define	READ(buf, n)	fread(buf, sizeof(char), n, stdin)
-#define WRITE(buf,n)						\
-		if (fwrite(buf, sizeof(char), n, stdout) != n)	\
-			err(bn, NULL);
-
-/*
- * some things to make references easier
- */
-typedef char Desbuf[8];
-#define	CHAR(x,i)	(x[i])
-#define	UCHAR(x,i)	(x[i])
-#define	BUFFER(x)	(x)
-#define	UBUFFER(x)	(x)
-
-/*
- * global variables and related macros
- */
-#define KEY_DEFAULT		0	/* interpret radix of key from key */
-#define KEY_ASCII		1	/* key is in ASCII characters */
-int keybase = KEY_DEFAULT;		/* how to interpret the key */
-
-enum { 					/* encrypt, decrypt, authenticate */
-	MODE_ENCRYPT, MODE_DECRYPT, MODE_AUTHENTICATE
-} mode = MODE_ENCRYPT;
-enum {					/* ecb, cbc, cfb, cfba, ofb? */
-	ALG_ECB, ALG_CBC, ALG_CFB, ALG_OFB, ALG_CFBA
-} alg = ALG_CBC;
-
-Desbuf ivec;				/* initialization vector */
-char bits[] = {				/* used to extract bits from a char */
-	'\200', '\100', '\040', '\020', '\010', '\004', '\002', '\001'
-};
-int inverse;				/* 0 to encrypt, 1 to decrypt */
-int macbits = -1;			/* number of bits in authentication */
-int fbbits = -1;			/* number of feedback bits */
-int pflag;				/* 1 to preserve parity bits */
-
-main(ac, av)
-	int ac;				/* arg count */
-	char **av;			/* arg vector */
-{
-	extern int optind;		/* option (argument) number */
-	extern char *optarg;		/* argument to option if any */
-	register int i;			/* counter in a for loop */
-	register char *p;		/* used to obtain the key */
-	Desbuf msgbuf;			/* I/O buffer */
-	int kflag;			/* command-line encryptiooon key */
-	int argc;			/* the real arg count */
-	char **argv;			/* the real argument vector */
-
-	/*
-	 * Hide the arguments from ps(1) by making private copies of them
-	 * and clobbering the global (visible to ps(1)) ones.
-	 */
-	argc = ac;
-	ac = 1;
-	argv = malloc((argc + 1) * sizeof(char *));
-	for (i = 0; i < argc; ++i) {
-		argv[i] = strdup(av[i]);
-		MEMZERO(av[i], strlen(av[i]));
-	}
-	argv[argc] = NULL;
-
-	/* initialize the initialization vctor */
-	MEMZERO(ivec, 8);
-
-	/* process the argument list */
-	kflag = 0;
-	while ((i = getopt(argc, argv, "abdF:f:k:m:o:pv:")) != EOF)
-		switch(i) {
-		case 'a':		/* key is ASCII */
-			keybase = KEY_ASCII;
-			break;
-		case 'b':		/* use ECB mode */
-			alg = ALG_ECB;
-			break;
-		case 'd':		/* decrypt */
-			mode = MODE_DECRYPT;
-			break;
-		case 'F':		/* use alternative CFB mode */
-			alg = ALG_CFBA;
-			if ((fbbits = setbits(optarg, 7)) > 56 || fbbits == 0)
-				err(-1, "-F: number must be 1-56 inclusive");
-			else if (fbbits == -1)
-				err(-1, "-F: number must be a multiple of 7");
-			break;
-		case 'f':		/* use CFB mode */
-			alg = ALG_CFB;
-			if ((fbbits = setbits(optarg, 8)) > 64 || fbbits == 0)
-				err(-1, "-f: number must be 1-64 inclusive");
-			else if (fbbits == -1)
-				err(-1, "-f: number must be a multiple of 8");
-			break;
-		case 'k':		/* encryption key */
-			kflag = 1;
-			cvtkey(BUFFER(msgbuf), optarg);
-			break;
-		case 'm':		/* number of bits for MACing */
-			mode = MODE_AUTHENTICATE;
-			if ((macbits = setbits(optarg, 1)) > 64)
-				err(-1, "-m: number must be 0-64 inclusive");
-			break;
-		case 'o':		/* use OFB mode */
-			alg = ALG_OFB;
-			if ((fbbits = setbits(optarg, 8)) > 64 || fbbits == 0)
-				err(-1, "-o: number must be 1-64 inclusive");
-			else if (fbbits == -1)
-				err(-1, "-o: number must be a multiple of 8");
-			break;
-		case 'p':		/* preserve parity bits */
-			pflag = 1;
-			break;
-		case 'v':		/* set initialization vector */
-			cvtkey(BUFFER(ivec), optarg);
-			break;
-		default:		/* error */
-			usage();
-		}
-
-	if (!kflag) {
-		/*
-		 * if the key's not ASCII, assume it is
-		 */
-		keybase = KEY_ASCII;
-		/*
-		 * get the key
-		 */
-		p = getpass("Enter key: ");
-		/*
-		 * copy it, nul-padded, into the key area
-		 */
-		cvtkey(BUFFER(msgbuf), p);
-	}
-
-	makekey(msgbuf);
-	inverse = (alg == ALG_CBC || alg == ALG_ECB) && mode == MODE_DECRYPT;
-
-	switch(alg) {
-	case ALG_CBC:
-		switch(mode) {
-		case MODE_AUTHENTICATE:	/* authenticate using CBC mode */
-			cbcauth();
-			break;
-		case MODE_DECRYPT:	/* decrypt using CBC mode */
-			cbcdec();
-			break;
-		case MODE_ENCRYPT:	/* encrypt using CBC mode */
-			cbcenc();
-			break;
-		}
-		break;
-	case ALG_CFB:
-		switch(mode) {
-		case MODE_AUTHENTICATE:	/* authenticate using CFB mode */
-			cfbauth();
-			break;
-		case MODE_DECRYPT:	/* decrypt using CFB mode */
-			cfbdec();
-			break;
-		case MODE_ENCRYPT:	/* encrypt using CFB mode */
-			cfbenc();
-			break;
-		}
-		break;
-	case ALG_CFBA:
-		switch(mode) {
-		case MODE_AUTHENTICATE:	/* authenticate using CFBA mode */
-			err(-1, "can't authenticate with CFBA mode");
-			break;
-		case MODE_DECRYPT:	/* decrypt using CFBA mode */
-			cfbadec();
-			break;
-		case MODE_ENCRYPT:	/* encrypt using CFBA mode */
-			cfbaenc();
-			break;
-		}
-		break;
-	case ALG_ECB:
-		switch(mode) {
-		case MODE_AUTHENTICATE:	/* authenticate using ECB mode */
-			err(-1, "can't authenticate with ECB mode");
-			break;
-		case MODE_DECRYPT:	/* decrypt using ECB mode */
-			ecbdec();
-			break;
-		case MODE_ENCRYPT:	/* encrypt using ECB mode */
-			ecbenc();
-			break;
-		}
-		break;
-	case ALG_OFB:
-		switch(mode) {
-		case MODE_AUTHENTICATE:	/* authenticate using OFB mode */
-			err(-1, "can't authenticate with OFB mode");
-			break;
-		case MODE_DECRYPT:	/* decrypt using OFB mode */
-			ofbdec();
-			break;
-		case MODE_ENCRYPT:	/* encrypt using OFB mode */
-			ofbenc();
-			break;
-		}
-		break;
-	}
-	exit(0);
-}
-
-/*
- * print a warning message and, possibly, terminate
- */
-err(n, s)
-	int n;			/* offending block number */
-	char *s;		/* the message */
-{
-	if (n > 0)
-		(void)fprintf(stderr, "bdes (block %d): ", n);
-	else
-		(void)fprintf(stderr, "bdes: ");
-	(void)fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", s ? s : strerror(errno));
-	exit(1);
-}
-
-/*
- * map a hex character to an integer
- */
-tobinhex(c, radix)
-	char c;			/* char to be converted */
-	int radix;		/* base (2 to 16) */
-{
-	switch(c) {
-	case '0':		return(0x0);
-	case '1':		return(0x1);
-	case '2':		return(radix > 2 ? 0x2 : -1);
-	case '3':		return(radix > 3 ? 0x3 : -1);
-	case '4':		return(radix > 4 ? 0x4 : -1);
-	case '5':		return(radix > 5 ? 0x5 : -1);
-	case '6':		return(radix > 6 ? 0x6 : -1);
-	case '7':		return(radix > 7 ? 0x7 : -1);
-	case '8':		return(radix > 8 ? 0x8 : -1);
-	case '9':		return(radix > 9 ? 0x9 : -1);
-	case 'A': case 'a':	return(radix > 10 ? 0xa : -1);
-	case 'B': case 'b':	return(radix > 11 ? 0xb : -1);
-	case 'C': case 'c':	return(radix > 12 ? 0xc : -1);
-	case 'D': case 'd':	return(radix > 13 ? 0xd : -1);
-	case 'E': case 'e':	return(radix > 14 ? 0xe : -1);
-	case 'F': case 'f':	return(radix > 15 ? 0xf : -1);
-	}
-	/*
-	 * invalid character
-	 */
-	return(-1);
-}
-
-/*
- * convert the key to a bit pattern
- */
-cvtkey(obuf, ibuf)
-	char *obuf;			/* bit pattern */
-	char *ibuf;			/* the key itself */
-{
-	register int i, j;		/* counter in a for loop */
-	int nbuf[64];			/* used for hex/key translation */
-
-	/*
-	 * just switch on the key base
-	 */
-	switch(keybase) {
-	case KEY_ASCII:			/* ascii to integer */
-		(void)strncpy(obuf, ibuf, 8);
-		return;
-	case KEY_DEFAULT:		/* tell from context */
-		/*
-		 * leading '0x' or '0X' == hex key
-		 */
-		if (ibuf[0] == '0' && (ibuf[1] == 'x' || ibuf[1] == 'X')) {
-			ibuf = &ibuf[2];
-			/*
-			 * now translate it, bombing on any illegal hex digit
-			 */
-			for (i = 0; ibuf[i] && i < 16; i++)
-				if ((nbuf[i] = tobinhex(ibuf[i], 16)) == -1)
-					err(-1, "bad hex digit in key");
-			while (i < 16)
-				nbuf[i++] = 0;
-			for (i = 0; i < 8; i++)
-				obuf[i] =
-				    ((nbuf[2*i]&0xf)<<4) | (nbuf[2*i+1]&0xf);
-			/* preserve parity bits */
-			pflag = 1;
-			return;
-		}
-		/*
-		 * leading '0b' or '0B' == binary key
-		 */
-		if (ibuf[0] == '0' && (ibuf[1] == 'b' || ibuf[1] == 'B')) {
-			ibuf = &ibuf[2];
-			/*
-			 * now translate it, bombing on any illegal binary digit
-			 */
-			for (i = 0; ibuf[i] && i < 16; i++)
-				if ((nbuf[i] = tobinhex(ibuf[i], 2)) == -1)
-					err(-1, "bad binary digit in key");
-			while (i < 64)
-				nbuf[i++] = 0;
-			for (i = 0; i < 8; i++)
-				for (j = 0; j < 8; j++)
-					obuf[i] = (obuf[i]<<1)|nbuf[8*i+j];
-			/* preserve parity bits */
-			pflag = 1;
-			return;
-		}
-		/*
-		 * no special leader -- ASCII
-		 */
-		(void)strncpy(obuf, ibuf, 8);
-	}
-}
-
-/*
- * convert an ASCII string into a decimal number:
- * 1. must be between 0 and 64 inclusive
- * 2. must be a valid decimal number
- * 3. must be a multiple of mult
- */
-setbits(s, mult)
-	char *s;			/* the ASCII string */
-	int mult;			/* what it must be a multiple of */
-{
-	register char *p;		/* pointer in a for loop */
-	register int n = 0;		/* the integer collected */
-
-	/*
-	 * skip white space
-	 */
-	while (isspace(*s))
-		s++;
-	/*
-	 * get the integer
-	 */
-	for (p = s; *p; p++) {
-		if (isdigit(*p))
-			n = n * 10 + *p - '0';
-		else {
-			err(-1, "bad decimal digit in MAC length");
-		}
-	}
-	/*
-	 * be sure it's a multiple of mult
-	 */
-	return((n % mult != 0) ? -1 : n);
-}
-
-/*****************
- * DES FUNCTIONS *
- *****************/
-/*
- * This sets the DES key and (if you're using the deszip version)
- * the direction of the transformation.  This uses the Sun
- * to map the 64-bit key onto the 56 bits that the key schedule
- * generation routines use: the old way, which just uses the user-
- * supplied 64 bits as is, and the new way, which resets the parity
- * bit to be the same as the low-order bit in each character.  The
- * new way generates a greater variety of key schedules, since many
- * systems set the parity (high) bit of each character to 0, and the
- * DES ignores the low order bit of each character.
- */
-makekey(buf)
-	Desbuf buf;				/* key block */
-{
-	register int i, j;			/* counter in a for loop */
-	register int par;			/* parity counter */
-
-	/*
-	 * if the parity is not preserved, flip it
-	 */
-	if (!pflag) {
-		for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
-			par = 0;
-			for (j = 1; j < 8; j++)
-				if ((bits[j]&UCHAR(buf, i)) != 0)
-					par++;
-			if ((par&01) == 01)
-				UCHAR(buf, i) = UCHAR(buf, i)&0177;
-			else
-				UCHAR(buf, i) = (UCHAR(buf, i)&0177)|0200;
-		}
-	}
-
-	DES_KEY(UBUFFER(buf));
-}
-
-/*
- * This encrypts using the Electronic Code Book mode of DES
- */
-ecbenc()
-{
-	register int n;		/* number of bytes actually read */
-	register int bn;	/* block number */
-	Desbuf msgbuf;		/* I/O buffer */
-
-	for (bn = 0; (n = READ(BUFFER(msgbuf),  8)) == 8; bn++) {
-		/*
-		 * do the transformation
-		 */
-		DES_XFORM(UBUFFER(msgbuf));
-		WRITE(BUFFER(msgbuf), 8);
-	}
-	/*
-	 * at EOF or last block -- in either ase, the last byte contains
-	 * the character representation of the number of bytes in it
-	 */
-	bn++;
-	MEMZERO(&CHAR(msgbuf, n), 8 - n);
-	CHAR(msgbuf, 7) = n;
-	DES_XFORM(UBUFFER(msgbuf));
-	WRITE(BUFFER(msgbuf), 8);
-
-}
-
-/*
- * This decrypts using the Electronic Code Book mode of DES
- */
-ecbdec()
-{
-	register int n;		/* number of bytes actually read */
-	register int c;		/* used to test for EOF */
-	register int bn;	/* block number */
-	Desbuf msgbuf;		/* I/O buffer */
-
-	for (bn = 1; (n = READ(BUFFER(msgbuf), 8)) == 8; bn++) {
-		/*
-		 * do the transformation
-		 */
-		DES_XFORM(UBUFFER(msgbuf));
-		/*
-		 * if the last one, handle it specially
-		 */
-		if ((c = getchar()) == EOF) {
-			n = CHAR(msgbuf, 7);
-			if (n < 0 || n > 7)
-				err(bn, "decryption failed (block corrupted)");
-		}
-		else
-			(void)ungetc(c, stdin);
-		WRITE(BUFFER(msgbuf), n);
-	}
-	if (n > 0)
-		err(bn, "decryption failed (incomplete block)");
-}
-
-/*
- * This encrypts using the Cipher Block Chaining mode of DES
- */
-cbcenc()
-{
-	register int n;		/* number of bytes actually read */
-	register int bn;	/* block number */
-	Desbuf msgbuf;		/* I/O buffer */
-
-	/*
-	 * do the transformation
-	 */
-	for (bn = 1; (n = READ(BUFFER(msgbuf), 8)) == 8; bn++) {
-		for (n = 0; n < 8; n++)
-			CHAR(msgbuf, n) ^= CHAR(ivec, n);
-		DES_XFORM(UBUFFER(msgbuf));
-		MEMCPY(BUFFER(ivec), BUFFER(msgbuf), 8);
-		WRITE(BUFFER(msgbuf), 8);
-	}
-	/*
-	 * at EOF or last block -- in either case, the last byte contains
-	 * the character representation of the number of bytes in it
-	 */
-	bn++;
-	MEMZERO(&CHAR(msgbuf, n), 8 - n);
-	CHAR(msgbuf, 7) = n;
-	for (n = 0; n < 8; n++)
-		CHAR(msgbuf, n) ^= CHAR(ivec, n);
-	DES_XFORM(UBUFFER(msgbuf));
-	WRITE(BUFFER(msgbuf), 8);
-
-}
-
-/*
- * This decrypts using the Cipher Block Chaining mode of DES
- */
-cbcdec()
-{
-	register int n;		/* number of bytes actually read */
-	Desbuf msgbuf;		/* I/O buffer */
-	Desbuf ibuf;		/* temp buffer for initialization vector */
-	register int c;		/* used to test for EOF */
-	register int bn;	/* block number */
-
-	for (bn = 0; (n = READ(BUFFER(msgbuf), 8)) == 8; bn++) {
-		/*
-		 * do the transformation
-		 */
-		MEMCPY(BUFFER(ibuf), BUFFER(msgbuf), 8);
-		DES_XFORM(UBUFFER(msgbuf));
-		for (c = 0; c < 8; c++)
-			UCHAR(msgbuf, c) ^= UCHAR(ivec, c);
-		MEMCPY(BUFFER(ivec), BUFFER(ibuf), 8);
-		/*
-		 * if the last one, handle it specially
-		 */
-		if ((c = getchar()) == EOF) {
-			n = CHAR(msgbuf, 7);
-			if (n < 0 || n > 7)
-				err(bn, "decryption failed (block corrupted)");
-		}
-		else
-			(void)ungetc(c, stdin);
-		WRITE(BUFFER(msgbuf), n);
-	}
-	if (n > 0)
-		err(bn, "decryption failed (incomplete block)");
-}
-
-/*
- * This authenticates using the Cipher Block Chaining mode of DES
- */
-cbcauth()
-{
-	register int n, j;		/* number of bytes actually read */
-	Desbuf msgbuf;		/* I/O buffer */
-	Desbuf encbuf;		/* encryption buffer */
-
-	/*
-	 * do the transformation
-	 * note we DISCARD the encrypted block;
-	 * we only care about the last one
-	 */
-	while ((n = READ(BUFFER(msgbuf), 8)) == 8) {
-		for (n = 0; n < 8; n++)
-			CHAR(encbuf, n) = CHAR(msgbuf, n) ^ CHAR(ivec, n);
-		DES_XFORM(UBUFFER(encbuf));
-		MEMCPY(BUFFER(ivec), BUFFER(encbuf), 8);
-	}
-	/*
-	 * now compute the last one, right padding with '\0' if need be
-	 */
-	if (n > 0) {
-		MEMZERO(&CHAR(msgbuf, n), 8 - n);
-		for (n = 0; n < 8; n++)
-			CHAR(encbuf, n) = CHAR(msgbuf, n) ^ CHAR(ivec, n);
-		DES_XFORM(UBUFFER(encbuf));
-	}
-	/*
-	 * drop the bits
-	 * we write chars until fewer than 7 bits,
-	 * and then pad the last one with 0 bits
-	 */
-	for (n = 0; macbits > 7; n++, macbits -= 8)
-		(void)putchar(CHAR(encbuf, n));
-	if (macbits > 0) {
-		CHAR(msgbuf, 0) = 0x00;
-		for (j = 0; j < macbits; j++)
-			CHAR(msgbuf, 0) |= (CHAR(encbuf, n)&bits[j]);
-		(void)putchar(CHAR(msgbuf, 0));
-	}
-}
-
-/*
- * This encrypts using the Cipher FeedBack mode of DES
- */
-cfbenc()
-{
-	register int n;		/* number of bytes actually read */
-	register int nbytes;	/* number of bytes to read */
-	register int bn;	/* block number */
-	char ibuf[8];		/* input buffer */
-	Desbuf msgbuf;		/* encryption buffer */
-
-	/*
-	 * do things in bytes, not bits
-	 */
-	nbytes = fbbits / 8;
-	/*
-	 * do the transformation
-	 */
-	for (bn = 1; (n = READ(ibuf, nbytes)) == nbytes; bn++) {
-		MEMCPY(BUFFER(msgbuf), BUFFER(ivec), 8);
-		DES_XFORM(UBUFFER(msgbuf));
-		for (n = 0; n < 8 - nbytes; n++)
-			UCHAR(ivec, n) = UCHAR(ivec, n+nbytes);
-		for (n = 0; n < nbytes; n++)
-			UCHAR(ivec, 8-nbytes+n) = ibuf[n] ^ UCHAR(msgbuf, n);
-		WRITE(&CHAR(ivec, 8-nbytes), nbytes);
-	}
-	/*
-	 * at EOF or last block -- in either case, the last byte contains
-	 * the character representation of the number of bytes in it
-	 */
-	bn++;
-	MEMZERO(&ibuf[n], nbytes - n);
-	ibuf[nbytes - 1] = n;
-	MEMCPY(BUFFER(msgbuf), BUFFER(ivec), 8);
-	DES_XFORM(UBUFFER(msgbuf));
-	for (n = 0; n < nbytes; n++)
-		ibuf[n] ^= UCHAR(msgbuf, n);
-	WRITE(ibuf, nbytes);
-}
-
-/*
- * This decrypts using the Cipher Block Chaining mode of DES
- */
-cfbdec()
-{
-	register int n;		/* number of bytes actually read */
-	register int c;		/* used to test for EOF */
-	register int nbytes;	/* number of bytes to read */
-	register int bn;	/* block number */
-	char ibuf[8];		/* input buffer */
-	char obuf[8];		/* output buffer */
-	Desbuf msgbuf;		/* encryption buffer */
-
-	/*
-	 * do things in bytes, not bits
-	 */
-	nbytes = fbbits / 8;
-	/*
-	 * do the transformation
-	 */
-	for (bn = 1; (n = READ(ibuf, nbytes)) == nbytes; bn++) {
-		MEMCPY(BUFFER(msgbuf), BUFFER(ivec), 8);
-		DES_XFORM(UBUFFER(msgbuf));
-		for (c = 0; c < 8 - nbytes; c++)
-			CHAR(ivec, c) = CHAR(ivec, c+nbytes);
-		for (c = 0; c < nbytes; c++) {
-			CHAR(ivec, 8-nbytes+c) = ibuf[c];
-			obuf[c] = ibuf[c] ^ UCHAR(msgbuf, c);
-		}
-		/*
-		 * if the last one, handle it specially
-		 */
-		if ((c = getchar()) == EOF) {
-			n = obuf[nbytes-1];
-			if (n < 0 || n > nbytes-1)
-				err(bn, "decryption failed (block corrupted)");
-		}
-		else
-			(void)ungetc(c, stdin);
-		WRITE(obuf, n);
-	}
-	if (n > 0)
-		err(bn, "decryption failed (incomplete block)");
-}
-
-/*
- * This encrypts using the alternative Cipher FeedBack mode of DES
- */
-cfbaenc()
-{
-	register int n;		/* number of bytes actually read */
-	register int nbytes;	/* number of bytes to read */
-	register int bn;	/* block number */
-	char ibuf[8];		/* input buffer */
-	char obuf[8];		/* output buffer */
-	Desbuf msgbuf;		/* encryption buffer */
-
-	/*
-	 * do things in bytes, not bits
-	 */
-	nbytes = fbbits / 7;
-	/*
-	 * do the transformation
-	 */
-	for (bn = 1; (n = READ(ibuf, nbytes)) == nbytes; bn++) {
-		MEMCPY(BUFFER(msgbuf), BUFFER(ivec), 8);
-		DES_XFORM(UBUFFER(msgbuf));
-		for (n = 0; n < 8 - nbytes; n++)
-			UCHAR(ivec, n) = UCHAR(ivec, n+nbytes);
-		for (n = 0; n < nbytes; n++)
-			UCHAR(ivec, 8-nbytes+n) = (ibuf[n] ^ UCHAR(msgbuf, n))
-							|0200;
-		for (n = 0; n < nbytes; n++)
-			obuf[n] = CHAR(ivec, 8-nbytes+n)&0177;
-		WRITE(obuf, nbytes);
-	}
-	/*
-	 * at EOF or last block -- in either case, the last byte contains
-	 * the character representation of the number of bytes in it
-	 */
-	bn++;
-	MEMZERO(&ibuf[n], nbytes - n);
-	ibuf[nbytes - 1] = ('0' + n)|0200;
-	MEMCPY(BUFFER(msgbuf), BUFFER(ivec), 8);
-	DES_XFORM(UBUFFER(msgbuf));
-	for (n = 0; n < nbytes; n++)
-		ibuf[n] ^= UCHAR(msgbuf, n);
-	WRITE(ibuf, nbytes);
-}
-
-/*
- * This decrypts using the alternative Cipher Block Chaining mode of DES
- */
-cfbadec()
-{
-	register int n;		/* number of bytes actually read */
-	register int c;		/* used to test for EOF */
-	register int nbytes;	/* number of bytes to read */
-	register int bn;	/* block number */
-	char ibuf[8];		/* input buffer */
-	char obuf[8];		/* output buffer */
-	Desbuf msgbuf;		/* encryption buffer */
-
-	/*
-	 * do things in bytes, not bits
-	 */
-	nbytes = fbbits / 7;
-	/*
-	 * do the transformation
-	 */
-	for (bn = 1; (n = READ(ibuf, nbytes)) == nbytes; bn++) {
-		MEMCPY(BUFFER(msgbuf), BUFFER(ivec), 8);
-		DES_XFORM(UBUFFER(msgbuf));
-		for (c = 0; c < 8 - nbytes; c++)
-			CHAR(ivec, c) = CHAR(ivec, c+nbytes);
-		for (c = 0; c < nbytes; c++) {
-			CHAR(ivec, 8-nbytes+c) = ibuf[c]|0200;
-			obuf[c] = (ibuf[c] ^ UCHAR(msgbuf, c))&0177;
-		}
-		/*
-		 * if the last one, handle it specially
-		 */
-		if ((c = getchar()) == EOF) {
-			if ((n = (obuf[nbytes-1] - '0')) < 0
-						|| n > nbytes-1)
-				err(bn, "decryption failed (block corrupted)");
-		}
-		else
-			(void)ungetc(c, stdin);
-		WRITE(obuf, n);
-	}
-	if (n > 0)
-		err(bn, "decryption failed (incomplete block)");
-}
-
-
-/*
- * This encrypts using the Output FeedBack mode of DES
- */
-ofbenc()
-{
-	register int n;		/* number of bytes actually read */
-	register int c;		/* used to test for EOF */
-	register int nbytes;	/* number of bytes to read */
-	register int bn;	/* block number */
-	char ibuf[8];		/* input buffer */
-	char obuf[8];		/* output buffer */
-	Desbuf msgbuf;		/* encryption buffer */
-
-	/*
-	 * do things in bytes, not bits
-	 */
-	nbytes = fbbits / 8;
-	/*
-	 * do the transformation
-	 */
-	for (bn = 1; (n = READ(ibuf, nbytes)) == nbytes; bn++) {
-		MEMCPY(BUFFER(msgbuf), BUFFER(ivec), 8);
-		DES_XFORM(UBUFFER(msgbuf));
-		for (n = 0; n < 8 - nbytes; n++)
-			UCHAR(ivec, n) = UCHAR(ivec, n+nbytes);
-		for (n = 0; n < nbytes; n++) {
-			UCHAR(ivec, 8-nbytes+n) = UCHAR(msgbuf, n);
-			obuf[n] = ibuf[n] ^ UCHAR(msgbuf, n);
-		}
-		WRITE(obuf, nbytes);
-	}
-	/*
-	 * at EOF or last block -- in either case, the last byte contains
-	 * the character representation of the number of bytes in it
-	 */
-	bn++;
-	MEMZERO(&ibuf[n], nbytes - n);
-	ibuf[nbytes - 1] = n;
-	MEMCPY(BUFFER(msgbuf), BUFFER(ivec), 8);
-	DES_XFORM(UBUFFER(msgbuf));
-	for (c = 0; c < nbytes; c++)
-		ibuf[c] ^= UCHAR(msgbuf, c);
-	WRITE(ibuf, nbytes);
-}
-
-/*
- * This decrypts using the Output Block Chaining mode of DES
- */
-ofbdec()
-{
-	register int n;		/* number of bytes actually read */
-	register int c;		/* used to test for EOF */
-	register int nbytes;	/* number of bytes to read */
-	register int bn;	/* block number */
-	char ibuf[8];		/* input buffer */
-	char obuf[8];		/* output buffer */
-	Desbuf msgbuf;		/* encryption buffer */
-
-	/*
-	 * do things in bytes, not bits
-	 */
-	nbytes = fbbits / 8;
-	/*
-	 * do the transformation
-	 */
-	for (bn = 1; (n = READ(ibuf, nbytes)) == nbytes; bn++) {
-		MEMCPY(BUFFER(msgbuf), BUFFER(ivec), 8);
-		DES_XFORM(UBUFFER(msgbuf));
-		for (c = 0; c < 8 - nbytes; c++)
-			CHAR(ivec, c) = CHAR(ivec, c+nbytes);
-		for (c = 0; c < nbytes; c++) {
-			CHAR(ivec, 8-nbytes+c) = UCHAR(msgbuf, c);
-			obuf[c] = ibuf[c] ^ UCHAR(msgbuf, c);
-		}
-		/*
-		 * if the last one, handle it specially
-		 */
-		if ((c = getchar()) == EOF) {
-			n = obuf[nbytes-1];
-			if (n < 0 || n > nbytes-1)
-				err(bn, "decryption failed (block corrupted)");
-		}
-		else
-			(void)ungetc(c, stdin);
-		/*
-		 * dump it
-		 */
-		WRITE(obuf, n);
-	}
-	if (n > 0)
-		err(bn, "decryption failed (incomplete block)");
-}
-
-/*
- * This authenticates using the Cipher FeedBack mode of DES
- */
-cfbauth()
-{
-	register int n, j;	/* number of bytes actually read */
-	register int nbytes;	/* number of bytes to read */
-	char ibuf[8];		/* input buffer */
-	Desbuf msgbuf;		/* encryption buffer */
-
-	/*
-	 * do things in bytes, not bits
-	 */
-	nbytes = fbbits / 8;
-	/*
-	 * do the transformation
-	 */
-	while ((n = READ(ibuf, nbytes)) == nbytes) {
-		MEMCPY(BUFFER(msgbuf), BUFFER(ivec), 8);
-		DES_XFORM(UBUFFER(msgbuf));
-		for (n = 0; n < 8 - nbytes; n++)
-			UCHAR(ivec, n) = UCHAR(ivec, n+nbytes);
-		for (n = 0; n < nbytes; n++)
-			UCHAR(ivec, 8-nbytes+n) = ibuf[n] ^ UCHAR(msgbuf, n);
-	}
-	/*
-	 * at EOF or last block -- in either case, the last byte contains
-	 * the character representation of the number of bytes in it
-	 */
-	MEMZERO(&ibuf[n], nbytes - n);
-	ibuf[nbytes - 1] = '0' + n;
-	MEMCPY(BUFFER(msgbuf), BUFFER(ivec), 8);
-	DES_XFORM(UBUFFER(msgbuf));
-	for (n = 0; n < nbytes; n++)
-		ibuf[n] ^= UCHAR(msgbuf, n);
-	/*
-	 * drop the bits
-	 * we write chars until fewer than 7 bits,
-	 * and then pad the last one with 0 bits
-	 */
-	for (n = 0; macbits > 7; n++, macbits -= 8)
-		(void)putchar(CHAR(msgbuf, n));
-	if (macbits > 0) {
-		CHAR(msgbuf, 0) = 0x00;
-		for (j = 0; j < macbits; j++)
-			CHAR(msgbuf, 0) |= (CHAR(msgbuf, n)&bits[j]);
-		(void)putchar(CHAR(msgbuf, 0));
-	}
-}
-
-#ifndef FASTWAY
-/*
- * change from 8 bits/Uchar to 1 bit/Uchar
- */
-expand(from, to)
-	Desbuf from;			/* 8bit/unsigned char string */
-	char *to;			/* 1bit/char string */
-{
-	register int i, j;		/* counters in for loop */
-
-	for (i = 0; i < 8; i++)
-		for (j = 0; j < 8; j++)
-			*to++ = (CHAR(from, i)>>(7-j))&01;
-}
-
-/*
- * change from 1 bit/char to 8 bits/Uchar
- */
-compress(from, to)
-	char *from;			/* 1bit/char string */
-	Desbuf to;			/* 8bit/unsigned char string */
-{
-	register int i, j;		/* counters in for loop */
-
-	for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
-	 	CHAR(to, i) = 0;
-		for (j = 0; j < 8; j++)
-			CHAR(to, i) = ((*from++)<<(7-j))|CHAR(to, i);
-	}
-}
-#endif
-
-/*
- * message about usage
- */
-usage()
-{
-	(void)fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", 
-"usage: bdes [-abdp] [-F bit] [-f bit] [-k key] [-m bit] [-o bit] [-v vector]");
-	exit(1);
-}
diff --git a/usr.bin/bdes/bdes.ps b/usr.bin/bdes/bdes.ps
deleted file mode 100644
index 471c267..0000000
--- a/usr.bin/bdes/bdes.ps
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2945 +0,0 @@
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-	{0 fl} {1 fl} {2 fl} {3 fl} {4 fl} {5 fl} {6 fl} {7 fl} {8 fl} {9 fl}
-	{10 fl} {11 fl} {12 fl} {13 fl} {14 fl} {gn fl}
-	] def
-	/sl FMLOCAL
-	/val FMLOCAL
-	/ws FMLOCAL
-	/im FMLOCAL
-	/bs FMLOCAL
-	/cs FMLOCAL
-	/len FMLOCAL
-	/pos FMLOCAL
-/ms { 
-	/sl exch def 
-	/val 255 def 
-	/ws cfs 
-	/im cfs 
-	/val 0 def 
-	/bs cfs 
-	/cs cfs 
-	} bind def
-400 ms 
-/ip { 
-	is 
-	0 
-	cf cs readline pop 
-	{	ic exch get exec 
-		add 
-		} forall 
-	pop 
-	
-	} bind def
-/wh { 
-	/len exch def 
-	/pos exch def 
-	ws 0 len getinterval im pos len getinterval copy pop
-	pos len 
-	} bind def
-/bl { 
-	/len exch def 
-	/pos exch def 
-	bs 0 len getinterval im pos len getinterval copy pop
-	pos len 
-	} bind def
-/s1 1 string def
-/fl { 
-	/len exch def 
-	/pos exch def 
-	/val cf s1 readhexstring pop 0 get def
-	pos 1 pos len add 1 sub {im exch val put} for
-	pos len 
-	} bind def
-/hx { 
-	3 copy getinterval 
-	cf exch readhexstring pop pop 
-	} bind def
-	/h FMLOCAL
-	/w FMLOCAL
-	/d FMLOCAL
-	/lb FMLOCAL
-	/bitmapsave FMLOCAL
-	/is FMLOCAL
-	/cf FMLOCAL
-/wbytes { 
-	dup 
-	8 eq {pop} {1 eq {7 add 8 idiv} {3 add 4 idiv} ifelse} ifelse
-	} bind def
-/BEGINBITMAPBWc { 
-	1 {} COMMONBITMAPc
-	} bind def
-/BEGINBITMAPGRAYc { 
-	8 {} COMMONBITMAPc
-	} bind def
-/BEGINBITMAP2BITc { 
-	2 {} COMMONBITMAPc
-	} bind def
-/COMMONBITMAPc { 
-	/r exch def
-	/d exch def
-	gsave
-	translate rotate scale /h exch def /w exch def
-	/lb w d wbytes def 
-	sl lb lt {lb ms} if 
-	/bitmapsave save def 
-	r                    
-	/is im 0 lb getinterval def 
-	ws 0 lb getinterval is copy pop 
-	/cf currentfile def 
-	w h d [w 0 0 h neg 0 h] 
-	{ip} image 
-	bitmapsave restore 
-	grestore
-	} bind def
-/BEGINBITMAPBW { 
-	1 {} COMMONBITMAP
-	} bind def
-/BEGINBITMAPGRAY { 
-	8 {} COMMONBITMAP
-	} bind def
-/BEGINBITMAP2BIT { 
-	2 {} COMMONBITMAP
-	} bind def
-/COMMONBITMAP { 
-	/r exch def
-	/d exch def
-	gsave
-	translate rotate scale /h exch def /w exch def
-	/bitmapsave save def 
-	r                    
-	/is w d wbytes string def
-	/cf currentfile def 
-	w h d [w 0 0 h neg 0 h] 
-	{cf is readhexstring pop} image
-	bitmapsave restore 
-	grestore
-	} bind def
-	/proc1 FMLOCAL
-	/proc2 FMLOCAL
-	/newproc FMLOCAL
-/Fmcc {
-    /proc2 exch cvlit def
-    /proc1 exch cvlit def
-    /newproc proc1 length proc2 length add array def
-    newproc 0 proc1 putinterval
-    newproc proc1 length proc2 putinterval
-    newproc cvx
-} bind def
-/ngrayt 256 array def
-/nredt 256 array def
-/nbluet 256 array def
-/ngreent 256 array def
-	/gryt FMLOCAL
-	/blut FMLOCAL
-	/grnt FMLOCAL
-	/redt FMLOCAL
-	/indx FMLOCAL
-	/cynu FMLOCAL
-	/magu FMLOCAL
-	/yelu FMLOCAL
-	/k FMLOCAL
-	/u FMLOCAL
-/colorsetup {
-	currentcolortransfer
-	/gryt exch def
-	/blut exch def
-	/grnt exch def
-	/redt exch def
-	0 1 255 {
-		/indx exch def
-		/cynu 1 red indx get 255 div sub def
-		/magu 1 green indx get 255 div sub def
-		/yelu 1 blue indx get 255 div sub def
-		/k cynu magu min yelu min def
-		/u k currentundercolorremoval exec def
-		nredt indx 1 0 cynu u sub max sub redt exec put
-		ngreent indx 1 0 magu u sub max sub grnt exec put
-		nbluet indx 1 0 yelu u sub max sub blut exec put
-		ngrayt indx 1 k currentblackgeneration exec sub gryt exec put
-	} for
-	{255 mul cvi nredt exch get}
-	{255 mul cvi ngreent exch get}
-	{255 mul cvi nbluet exch get}
-	{255 mul cvi ngrayt exch get}
-	setcolortransfer
-	{pop 0} setundercolorremoval
-	{} setblackgeneration
-	} bind def
-	/tran FMLOCAL
-/fakecolorsetup {
-	/tran 256 string def
-	0 1 255 {/indx exch def 
-		tran indx
-		red indx get 77 mul
-		green indx get 151 mul
-		blue indx get 28 mul
-		add add 256 idiv put} for
-	currenttransfer
-	{255 mul cvi tran exch get 255.0 div}
-	exch Fmcc settransfer
-} bind def
-/BITMAPCOLOR { 
-	/d 8 def
-	gsave
-	translate rotate scale /h exch def /w exch def
-	/bitmapsave save def 
-	colorsetup
-	/is w d wbytes string def
-	/cf currentfile def 
-	w h d [w 0 0 h neg 0 h] 
-	{cf is readhexstring pop} {is} {is} true 3 colorimage 
-	bitmapsave restore 
-	grestore
-	} bind def
-/BITMAPCOLORc { 
-	/d 8 def
-	gsave
-	translate rotate scale /h exch def /w exch def
-	/lb w d wbytes def 
-	sl lb lt {lb ms} if 
-	/bitmapsave save def 
-	colorsetup
-	/is im 0 lb getinterval def 
-	ws 0 lb getinterval is copy pop 
-	/cf currentfile def 
-	w h d [w 0 0 h neg 0 h] 
-	{ip} {is} {is} true 3 colorimage
-	bitmapsave restore 
-	grestore
-	} bind def
-/BITMAPGRAY { 
-	8 {fakecolorsetup} COMMONBITMAP
-	} bind def
-/BITMAPGRAYc { 
-	8 {fakecolorsetup} COMMONBITMAPc
-	} bind def
-/ENDBITMAP {
-	} bind def
-end 
-%%EndProlog
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-144 144 468 396 R
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-1.2 (IMPLEMENT) 178.34 388 S
-1.2 (A) 258.88 388 S
-1.2 (TION NOTES ON ) 267.85 388 S
-1 F
-1.2 (bdes) 382.61 388 S
-0 F
-1.2 (\0501\051) 415.4 388 S
-1.2 (Matt Bishop) 265.09 338 S
-1.2 (T) 197.74 288 S
-1.2 (echnical Report PCS-TR91-158) 205.38 288 S
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-72 745.99 540 756 R
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-72 32.69 540 42.7 R
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-0 F
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-(Page 1 of 11) 479.71 34.7 T
-72 72 540 720 R
-7 X
-V
-1 F
-0 X
-(Implementation Notes on ) 179.84 708 T
-2 F
-(bdes) 378.21 708 T
-1 F
-(\0501\051) 411.19 708 T
-0 F
-( ) 432.17 708 T
-3 F
-(Matt Bishop) 276.51 676 T
-0 F
-(Department of Mathematics and Computer Science) 182.92 656 T
-(Dartmouth College) 259.86 642 T
-(Hanover) 257.45 628 T
-(, NH 03755) 298.26 628 T
-3 F
-(ABSTRACT) 277.68 602 T
-0 F
-0.27 (This note describes the implementation of ) 108 582 P
-3 F
-0.27 (bdes) 314.13 582 P
-0 F
-0.27 (, the \336le encryption program being) 336.12 582 P
-0.36 (distributed in the 4.4 release of the Berkeley Software Distribution. It implements) 108 568 P
-(all modes of the Data Encryption Standard program.) 108 554 T
-4 F
-(1. Intr) 72 528 T
-(oduction) 104.43 528 T
-0 F
--0.09 (The Data Encryption Standard is a standard endorsed by the federal government. It is con-) 108 504 P
--0.56 (siderably stronger than the algorithm used by the ) 72 484 P
-5 F
--0.47 (UNIX) 305.36 484 P
-0 F
--0.56 (\252 ) 330.34 484 P
-3 F
--0.56 (crypt) 344.53 484 P
-0 F
--0.56 (\0501\051 program, and therefore is a more) 369.18 484 P
-0.11 (suitable candidate for protecting information, especially information contained in ) 72 464 P
-5 F
-0.09 (ASCII) 466.05 464 P
-0 F
-0.11 ( \336les. The) 492.14 464 P
--0.65 (program ) 72 444 P
-3 F
--0.65 (bdes) 114.99 444 P
-0 F
--0.65 (\0501\051 implements the DES and all of its modes, including the two authentication modes.) 136.97 444 P
--0.59 (Because others may wish to write software compatible with this program, this note presents) 108 420 P
--0.04 (the layout of the encrypted \336les produced by ) 72 400 P
-3 F
--0.04 (bdes) 288.86 400 P
-0 F
--0.04 ( as well as internal details relevant to the imple-) 310.85 400 P
--0.15 (mentation. Whereever possible and appropriate, the description of the ) 72 380 P
-3 F
--0.15 (des) 408.04 380 P
-0 F
--0.15 (\0501\051 program given in [4]) 424.03 380 P
--0.2 (has been followed; thus, ) 72 360 P
-3 F
--0.2 (bdes) 190.77 360 P
-0 F
--0.2 ( is completely compatible with that program. However) 212.75 360 P
--0.2 (, ) 473.33 360 P
-3 F
--0.2 (bdes) 479.12 360 P
-0 F
--0.2 ( also of-) 501.11 360 P
-(fers several extensions to ) 72 340 T
-3 F
-(des) 195.9 340 T
-0 F
-( that are not compatible, and these will be explicitly pointed out.) 211.89 340 T
--0.14 (In this note, strings typed as shown will be in ) 108 316 P
-6 F
--0.34 (Courier Roman font) 326.78 316 P
-0 F
--0.14 (, and strings to be) 455.62 316 P
--0.42 (chosen by the user will be in ) 72 296 P
-7 F
--1 (Courier Oblique font) 209.32 296 P
-0 F
--0.42 (. The space character \050) 351.24 296 P
-5 F
--0.35 (ASCII) 457.79 296 P
-0 F
--0.42 ( <) 483.88 296 P
-5 F
--0.35 (SP) 493.23 296 P
-0 F
--0.42 (>, octal) 504.34 296 P
--0.43 (40, decimal 32, hex 20\051 will be represented as \322) 72 276 P
-8 F
--0.47 (z) 296.98 276 P
-0 F
--0.43 (\323 and the newline character \050) 301.96 276 P
-5 F
--0.35 (ASCII) 438.03 276 P
-0 F
--0.43 ( <) 464.13 276 P
-5 F
--0.35 (NL) 473.46 276 P
-0 F
--0.43 (>, octal 12,) 486.79 276 P
--0.05 (decimal 10, hex a\051 as \322) 72 256 P
-9 F
--0.05 (\277) 181.65 256 P
-0 F
--0.05 (\323. Because it is often more convenient to represent arbitrary characters as) 189.54 256 P
-1.13 (a sequence of hexadecimal digits, that representation will often be used; these digits will be in) 72 236 P
-10 F
-(Courier Bold font) 72 216 T
-0 F
-( with spaces often inserted for readability) 194.33 216 T
-(.) 392.07 216 T
-4 F
-(2. Overview and Use) 72 184 T
-3 F
--0.39 (Bdes) 108 160 P
-0 F
--0.39 ( implements the Data Encryption Standard algorithm in software, and enables the user) 131.32 160 P
--0.61 (to encrypt data using any of the four modes of operation of the DES \050Electronic Code Book, Cipher) 72 140 P
-72 72 540 720 C
-72 72 540 117 C
-72 72 549 108 R
-7 X
-0 K
-V
-5 F
-0 X
-(This work is based on work funded by grant NAG2-680 from the National
-Aeronautics and Space Administration to ) 72 101.33 T
-(Dartmouth College.) 72 89.33 T
-(UNIX is a Registered T) 72 77.33 T
-(rademark of A) 166.58 77.33 T
-(T&T Bell Laboratories.) 223.75 77.33 T
-72 72 540 720 C
-0 0 612 792 C
-72 126 225 126 2 L
-7 X
-0 K
-V
-0.5 H
-2 Z
-0 X
-N
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-72 32.69 540 42.7 R
-V
-0 F
-0 X
-(Page 2 of 11) 479.71 34.7 T
-72 72 540 720 R
-7 X
-V
-0 X
-0.31 (Block Chaining, ) 72 712 P
-3 F
-0.31 (k) 154.25 712 P
-0 F
-0.31 (-bit Cipher Feed Back, and ) 159.58 712 P
-3 F
-0.31 (k) 293.71 712 P
-0 F
-0.31 (-bit Output Feed Back\051 as well as the Alternate ) 299.04 712 P
-3 F
-0.31 (k) 530.68 712 P
-0 F
-0.31 (-) 536.01 712 P
--0.04 (bit Cipher Feed Back mode. Further) 72 692 P
--0.04 (, ) 244.52 692 P
-3 F
--0.04 (bdes) 250.48 692 P
-0 F
--0.04 ( supports message authentication code generation based) 272.46 692 P
-(on both the Cipher Block Chaining mode and the ) 72 672 T
-3 F
-(k) 310.86 672 T
-0 F
-(-bit Cipher Feed Back mode.) 316.19 672 T
-0.07 (By default, ) 108 648 P
-3 F
-0.07 (bdes) 164.43 648 P
-0 F
-0.07 ( encrypts an input \336le using Cipher Block Chaining mode, and is invoked) 186.41 648 P
--0.4 (as a \336lter) 72 628 P
--0.4 (. The key may be speci\336ed either on the command line or may be typed to the prompt. So,) 114.51 628 P
-(if the input \336le ) 72 608 T
-7 F
-(inputf) 145.96 608 T
-(ile) 189.14 608 T
-0 F
-( contains the message) 210.73 608 T
-6 F
-(a) 253.9 584 T
-8 F
-(z) 261.1 584 T
-6 F
-(test) 266.07 584 T
-8 F
-(z) 294.86 584 T
-6 F
-(message) 299.83 584 T
-9 F
-(\277) 350.21 584 T
-0 F
-(then the following command encrypts it using the key ) 72 560 T
-6 F
-(abcdefgh) 333.5 560 T
-0 F
-(:) 391.07 560 T
-6 F
-(bdes -k abcdefgh < ) 158.48 536 T
-7 F
-(inputf) 295.21 536 T
-(ile) 338.38 536 T
-6 F
-( > ) 359.97 536 T
-7 F
-(outputf) 381.56 536 T
-(ile) 431.93 536 T
-0 F
-(The option ) 72 512 T
-4 F
-(-k) 127.3 512 T
-0 F
-( indicates the next ar) 137.96 512 T
-(gument is the key) 237.01 512 T
-(. Now ) 321.17 512 T
-7 F
-(outputf) 353.48 512 T
-(ile) 403.86 512 T
-0 F
-( contains) 425.45 512 T
-10 F
-(16 0e eb af 68 a0 d0 19 f1 a2 9b 31 0d 8a 01 c3) 136.89 488 T
-0 F
-0.06 (Other modes are speci\336ed using command-line options, as is control of the way the key is) 108 464 P
-(interpreted. The next sections contain several examples, and the Appendix has the manual page.) 72 444 T
-4 F
-(3. Keys and Parity) 72 412 T
-0 F
-0.58 (The key consists of 64 bits, and may be presented in any of hex, binary) 108 388 P
-0.58 (, or as a string of) 456.48 388 P
-5 F
-0.12 (ASCII) 72 368 P
-0 F
-0.14 ( characters. If the key is given in hex or binary) 98.1 368 P
-0.14 (, it is used as is with no changes. However) 322.21 368 P
-0.14 (, if) 526.53 368 P
--0.27 (the key is given in ) 72 348 P
-5 F
--0.23 (ASCII) 161.59 348 P
-0 F
--0.27 (, a delicate problem arises: by convention, the parity bit is usually set to 0.) 187.69 348 P
--0.47 (This high-order bit is generally ignored by applications; but the DES
-does not do so. Instead, it dis-) 72 328 P
--0.14 (cards the low-order bit, ef) 72 308 P
--0.14 (fectively reducing the size of the space of possible keys from 2) 195.44 308 P
-5 F
--0.12 (56) 495.97 312.8 P
-0 F
--0.14 ( to 2) 505.97 308 P
-5 F
--0.12 (48) 527.01 312.8 P
-0 F
--0.14 (.) 537 308 P
--0.46 ( T) 108 284 P
--0.46 (o preserve the size of the key space, the value of the parity bit must be related to the value) 117.03 284 P
--0.09 (in the low-order bit, so the program sets the high-order bit to make each character in the key be of) 72 264 P
--0.7 (odd parity) 72 244 P
--0.7 (. \050Note that the initial value of the parity bit is ) 119.49 244 P
-3 F
--0.7 (not) 334.99 244 P
-0 F
--0.7 ( used in this computation.\051 For example,) 350.31 244 P
-(if the key is ) 72 224 T
-6 F
-(abcdefgh) 131.29 224 T
-0 F
-(, the actual key bits used are determined as follows:) 188.86 224 T
-5 F
-(ASCII) 99 200 T
-0 F
-( key) 125.1 200 T
-6 F
-(a) 243 200 T
-(b) 279 200 T
-(c) 315 200 T
-(d) 351 200 T
-(e) 387 200 T
-(f) 423 200 T
-(g) 459 200 T
-(h) 495 200 T
-5 F
-(ASCII) 99 180 T
-0 F
-( key bits \050hex\051) 125.1 180 T
-10 F
-(61) 243 180 T
-(62) 279 180 T
-(63) 315 180 T
-(64) 351 180 T
-(65) 387 180 T
-(66) 423 180 T
-(67) 459 180 T
-(68) 495 180 T
-0 F
-(parity) 99 160 T
-(odd) 243 160 T
-(odd) 279 160 T
-(even) 315 160 T
-(odd) 351 160 T
-(even) 387 160 T
-(even) 423 160 T
-(odd) 459 160 T
-(odd) 495 160 T
-(key bits used \050hex\051) 99 140 T
-10 F
-(61) 243 140 T
-(62) 279 140 T
-(e3) 315 140 T
-(64) 351 140 T
-(e5) 387 140 T
-(e6) 423 140 T
-(67) 459 140 T
-(68) 495 140 T
-0 F
-0.18 (This convention \050as opposed to requiring even parity) 108 120 P
-0.18 (, or simply copying the low-order bit) 362 120 P
--0.41 (to the high-order bit\051 was chosen to provide compatibility with the encryption program ) 72 100 P
-3 F
--0.41 (des) 486.77 100 P
-0 F
--0.41 ( distrib-) 502.76 100 P
--0.52 (uted by Sun Microsystems, Inc. [4]. Whether the key is entered on the command line or on the key-) 72 80 P
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-(Page 3 of 11) 479.71 34.7 T
-72 72 540 720 R
-7 X
-V
-0 X
-1.89 (board, by default it is processed into the same key schedule generated by Sun\325) 72 712 P
-1.89 (s ) 471.02 712 P
-3 F
-1.89 (des) 480.58 712 P
-0 F
-1.89 (, so \336les) 496.56 712 P
-(encrypted on a Sun can be decrypted using ) 72 692 T
-3 F
-(bdes) 280.51 692 T
-0 F
-( \050and vice versa\051.) 302.49 692 T
--0.3 (If the user does not wish to use the Sun convention, the option \320) 108 668 P
-4 F
--0.3 (p) 411.9 668 P
-0 F
--0.3 ( will disable the parity bit) 418.57 668 P
--0.62 (changing; with it, the parity bit is that of the character typed. This
-is useful when the key is a known) 72 648 P
-5 F
-(ASCII) 72 628 T
-0 F
-( string and the \336le was encrypted on a system which does not alter parity bits.) 98.1 628 T
--0.24 (A key may be represented as a bit vector) 108 604 P
--0.24 (, rather than an ) 300.74 604 P
-5 F
--0.2 (ASCII) 374.7 604 P
-0 F
--0.24 ( string, in one of two ways. It) 400.8 604 P
-0.19 (may be represented as a string of up to 16 hexadecimal digits; if fewer than 16 are given, the key) 72 584 P
-0.16 (is right \336lled with 0 bits. Or) 72 564 P
-0.16 (, it may be represented as a string of up to 64 binary digits, and again) 206.11 564 P
-0.15 (if fewer than 64 are given, the key is right-\336lled with 0 bits. Bit
-vector keys must be given on the) 72 544 P
-0.51 (command line, and must begin with the characters ) 72 524 P
-6 F
-1.24 (0x) 320.28 524 P
-0 F
-0.51 ( or ) 334.67 524 P
-6 F
-1.24 (0X) 351.69 524 P
-0 F
-0.51 ( \050for hexadecimal\051 or ) 366.08 524 P
-6 F
-1.24 (0b) 472.71 524 P
-0 F
-0.51 ( or ) 487.1 524 P
-6 F
-1.24 (0B) 504.12 524 P
-0 F
-0.51 ( \050for) 518.51 524 P
-(binary\051. For example, all of the following strings generate the same key schedule:) 72 504 T
-5 F
-(ASCII) 72 480 T
-0 F
-( key) 98.1 480 T
-6 F
-(abcdefgh) 180 480 T
-0 F
-(hexadecimal key) 72 460 T
-6 F
-(0x6162e364e5e66768) 180 460 T
-0 F
-(binary key) 72 440 T
-6 F
-(0b0110000101100010111000110110100011100101111000-) 180 440 T
-(1100110011101101000) 180 420 T
-0 F
--0.14 ( Note that giving the key on the command line as ) 108 396 P
-6 F
--0.34 (0x6162636465666768) 345.27 396 P
-0 F
--0.14 ( will ) 474.8 396 P
-3 F
--0.14 (not) 499.17 396 P
-0 F
--0.14 ( reset) 514.5 396 P
-0.25 (the parity bits, because it is interpreted as a sequence of hex digits, not ) 72 376 P
-5 F
-0.21 (ASCII) 416.58 376 P
-0 F
-0.25 ( characters. The dif-) 442.68 376 P
-0.69 (ference in interpretation is that here the user can specify all bits of the key exactly) 72 356 P
-0.69 (, whereas \050on) 474.34 356 P
-0.25 (most terminals\051 it is not possible to control how the parity bit of ) 72 336 P
-5 F
-0.21 (ASCII) 384.76 336 P
-0 F
-0.25 ( characters is set. On some) 410.85 336 P
-0.36 (systems, it is possible to use a \322Meta\323 key to set the parity bit for an ) 72 316 P
-5 F
-0.3 (ASCII) 407.23 316 P
-0 F
-0.36 ( character; should this) 433.33 316 P
--0.3 (be the case and the user desire ) 72 296 P
-3 F
--0.3 (bdes) 218.09 296 P
-0 F
--0.3 ( not to reset the parity bit, the option ) 240.07 296 P
-4 F
--0.3 (\320p) 415.25 296 P
-0 F
--0.3 ( will force the parity bit) 427.92 296 P
-(to be used as typed.) 72 276 T
-4 F
-(4. Encryption Output Repr) 72 244 T
-(esentation) 211.05 244 T
-0 F
-0.01 (All modes of the DES output ciphertext in blocks; the size of the block is 64 bits \0508 bytes\051) 108 220 P
--0.25 (for ECB and CBC modes, and ) 72 200 P
-3 F
--0.25 (k) 218.74 200 P
-0 F
--0.25 ( bits for the ) 224.07 200 P
-3 F
--0.25 (k) 281.02 200 P
-0 F
--0.25 (-bit CFB and OFB modes, and there are as many out-) 286.35 200 P
--0.5 (put blocks as input blocks. However) 72 180 P
--0.5 (, as the length of the input is usually not a multiple of the block) 243.55 180 P
--0.35 (size, some padding is necessary; but as padding must be done by appending characters, these char-) 72 160 P
-0.29 (acters must be distinguished from the input characters somehow) 72 140 P
-0.29 (. The mechanism used is that the) 381.35 140 P
-0.31 (last character of the \050decrypted\051 last block is the
-\050integer\051 number of characters from the input in) 72 120 P
-(the last block.) 72 100 T
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-0 F
-0 X
-(Page 4 of 11) 479.71 34.7 T
-72 72 540 720 R
-7 X
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-0 X
--0.59 (For example, suppose ) 108 712 P
-7 F
--1.41 (inputf) 214.16 712 P
--1.41 (ile) 257.34 712 P
-0 F
--0.59 ( contains \322) 278.93 712 P
-6 F
--1.41 (This) 329.04 712 P
-8 F
--0.65 (z) 357.83 712 P
-6 F
--1.41 (is) 362.8 712 P
-8 F
--0.65 (z) 377.2 712 P
-6 F
--1.41 (a) 382.17 712 P
-8 F
--0.65 (z) 389.37 712 P
-6 F
--1.41 (test) 394.35 712 P
-9 F
--0.59 (\277) 423.13 712 P
-0 F
--0.59 (\323, and it is encrypted in) 431.02 712 P
-(CBC mode using the key \322) 72 692 T
-6 F
-(abcdef#@) 200.93 692 T
-0 F
-(\323 and the initialization vector ) 258.5 692 T
-6 F
-(0x0) 401.4 692 T
-0 F
-(; the command is) 422.99 692 T
-6 F
-(bdes -k abcdef#@ < ) 158.48 668 T
-7 F
-(inputf) 295.21 668 T
-(ile) 338.38 668 T
-6 F
-( > ) 359.97 668 T
-7 F
-(outputf) 381.56 668 T
-(ile) 431.93 668 T
-0 F
-(as CBC is the default encryption mode and ) 72 644 T
-6 F
-(0x0) 281.2 644 T
-0 F
-( the default initialization vector:) 302.79 644 T
-(text) 72 620 T
-6 F
-(T) 117 620 T
-(h) 144 620 T
-(i) 171 620 T
-(s) 198 620 T
-8 F
-(z) 225 620 T
-6 F
-(i) 252 620 T
-(s) 279 620 T
-8 F
-(z) 306 620 T
-6 F
-(a) 333 620 T
-8 F
-(z) 360 620 T
-6 F
-(t) 387 620 T
-(e) 414 620 T
-(s) 441 620 T
-(t) 468 620 T
-9 F
-(\277) 495 620 T
-0 F
-(hex) 72 600 T
-10 F
-(54) 117 600 T
-(68) 144 600 T
-(69) 171 600 T
-(73) 198 600 T
-(20) 225 600 T
-(69) 252 600 T
-(73) 279 600 T
-(20) 306 600 T
-(61) 333 600 T
-(20) 360 600 T
-(74) 387 600 T
-(65) 414 600 T
-(73) 441 600 T
-(74) 468 600 T
-(0a) 495 600 T
-0 F
-(input) 72 580 T
-10 F
-(54) 117 580 T
-(68) 144 580 T
-(69) 171 580 T
-(73) 198 580 T
-(20) 225 580 T
-(69) 252 580 T
-(73) 279 580 T
-(20) 306 580 T
-(61) 333 580 T
-(20) 360 580 T
-(74) 387 580 T
-(65) 414 580 T
-(73) 441 580 T
-(74) 468 580 T
-(0a) 495 580 T
-(07) 522 580 T
-0 F
-(output) 72 560 T
-10 F
-(a5) 117 560 T
-(5f) 144 560 T
-(81) 171 560 T
-(53) 198 560 T
-(51) 225 560 T
-(98) 252 560 T
-(47) 279 560 T
-(02) 306 560 T
-(db) 333 560 T
-(5a) 360 560 T
-(c5) 387 560 T
-(fe) 414 560 T
-(50) 441 560 T
-(3d) 468 560 T
-(40) 495 560 T
-(ce) 522 560 T
-0 F
-0.04 (Notice that the text is 15 characters long, so there are 7 bytes following the last full block.) 108 540 P
-3 F
-0.22 (Bdes) 72 520 P
-0 F
-0.22 ( pads this to a full block by appending one byte containing the ) 95.32 520 P
-5 F
-0.19 (ASCII) 399.67 520 P
-0 F
-0.22 ( character with numeric) 425.77 520 P
-(value 7 \050the ) 72 500 T
-5 F
-(ASCII) 131.62 500 T
-0 F
-( character <) 157.71 500 T
-5 F
-(BEL) 214.42 500 T
-0 F
-(>\051. The result is then encrypted.) 233.3 500 T
-0.44 (As another example, suppose ) 108 476 P
-7 F
-1.07 (inputf) 253.34 476 P
-1.07 (ile) 296.52 476 P
-0 F
-0.44 ( contains \322) 318.11 476 P
-6 F
-1.07 (test) 370.29 476 P
-0 F
-0.44 (\323, and it is encrypted in ECB) 399.08 476 P
-(mode using the key \322) 72 456 T
-6 F
-(abcdef#@) 173.93 456 T
-0 F
-(\323; the command is) 231.5 456 T
-6 F
-(bdes -b \320k abcdef#@ < ) 147.69 432 T
-7 F
-(inputf) 306 432 T
-(ile) 349.18 432 T
-6 F
-( > ) 370.76 432 T
-7 F
-(outputf) 392.35 432 T
-(ile) 442.73 432 T
-0 F
-(because the option ) 72 408 T
-4 F
-(\320b) 164.26 408 T
-0 F
-( signi\336es ECB mode:) 176.93 408 T
-(text) 72 384 T
-6 F
-(t) 144 384 T
-(e) 171 384 T
-(s) 198 384 T
-(t) 225 384 T
-0 F
-(hex) 72 364 T
-10 F
-(74) 144 364 T
-(65) 171 364 T
-(73) 198 364 T
-(74) 225 364 T
-0 F
-(input) 72 344 T
-10 F
-(74) 144 344 T
-(65) 171 344 T
-(73) 198 344 T
-(74) 225 344 T
-(00) 252 344 T
-(00) 279 344 T
-(00) 306 344 T
-(04) 333 344 T
-0 F
-(output) 72 324 T
-10 F
-(0d) 144 324 T
-(8a) 171 324 T
-(6e) 198 324 T
-(57) 225 324 T
-(9c) 252 324 T
-(8f) 279 324 T
-(27) 306 324 T
-(5d) 333 324 T
-0 F
--0.31 (Finally) 108 304 P
--0.31 (, if the length of the message is indeed a multiple of the block size, an extra block of) 141.21 304 P
-0.83 (all 0 bits is added. Suppose ) 72 284 P
-7 F
-1.99 (inputf) 210.57 284 P
-1.99 (ile) 253.74 284 P
-0 F
-0.83 ( contains \322) 275.33 284 P
-6 F
-1.99 (test) 328.28 284 P
-9 F
-0.83 (\277) 357.07 284 P
-0 F
-0.83 (\323, and it is encrypted in 40-bit CFB) 364.96 284 P
-1.51 (mode using the key \322) 72 264 P
-6 F
-3.62 (abcdef#@) 179.96 264 P
-0 F
-1.51 (\323 and the initialization vector ) 237.53 264 P
-6 F
-3.62 (0x0123456789abcdef) 387.97 264 P
-0 F
-1.51 (; the) 517.5 264 P
-(command is) 72 244 T
-6 F
--0.99 (bdes -f40 -v0x0123456789abcdef -kabcdef#@ < ) 72 220 P
-7 F
--0.99 (inputf) 383.67 220 P
--0.99 (ile) 426.85 220 P
-6 F
--0.99 ( > ) 448.43 220 P
-7 F
--0.99 (outputf) 468.04 220 P
--0.99 (ile) 518.41 220 P
-0 F
-0.16 (because the option ) 72 196 P
-4 F
-0.16 (\320f40 ) 164.75 196 P
-0 F
-0.16 (signi\336es 40-bit CFB mode, and ) 189.89 196 P
-4 F
-0.16 (-v0x01234566789abcdef) 343.96 196 P
-0 F
-0.16 ( sets the initial-) 465.89 196 P
-(ization vector \050note that spaces between the option and its ar) 72 176 T
-(gument are optional\051:) 361.57 176 T
-(text) 72 152 T
-6 F
-(t) 144 152 T
-(e) 171 152 T
-(s) 198 152 T
-(t) 225 152 T
-9 F
-(\277) 252 152 T
-0 F
-(hex) 72 132 T
-10 F
-(74) 144 132 T
-(65) 171 132 T
-(73) 198 132 T
-(74) 225 132 T
-(0a) 252 132 T
-0 F
-(input) 72 112 T
-10 F
-(74) 144 112 T
-(65) 171 112 T
-(73) 198 112 T
-(74) 225 112 T
-(0a) 252 112 T
-(00) 279 112 T
-(00) 306 112 T
-(00) 333 112 T
-(00) 360 112 T
-(00) 387 112 T
-0 F
-(output) 72 92 T
-10 F
-(e2) 144 92 T
-(c2) 171 92 T
-(69) 198 92 T
-(a4) 225 92 T
-(5b) 252 92 T
-(3c) 279 92 T
-(3d) 306 92 T
-(b3) 333 92 T
-(f5) 360 92 T
-(3c) 387 92 T
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-(Page 5 of 11) 479.71 34.7 T
-72 72 540 720 R
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-0 X
-(Note here the block size is 40 bits \0505 bytes\051, not 64 bits \0508 bytes\051.) 108 712 T
--0.4 (This technique allows complete compatibility with Sun\325) 108 688 P
--0.4 (s ) 374.11 688 P
-3 F
--0.4 (des) 381.37 688 P
-0 F
--0.4 ( program. In Sun\325) 397.36 688 P
--0.4 (s implemen-) 480.77 688 P
-0.02 (tation, padding is done with random bytes rather than bytes containing all zero bits. Cryptograph-) 72 668 P
-0.85 (ically) 72 648 P
-0.85 (, this makes no dif) 97.87 648 P
-0.85 (ference, as the DES is a suf) 189.32 648 P
-0.85 (\336ciently good random cipher to obscure the) 325.74 648 P
-(input \050see for example [2], Chapter 6\051, and known plaintext attacks are very dif) 72 628 T
-(\336cult [1].) 451.82 628 T
-4 F
-(5. Differ) 72 596 T
-(ences Between the Standard CFB and OFB Modes and ) 114.41 596 T
-1 F
-(bdes) 397.26 596 T
-0 F
--0.11 (The UNIX operating system treats all \336les as streams of 8-bit bytes. In order to implement) 108 572 P
--0.08 (the CFB and OFB modes properly) 72 552 P
--0.08 (, it would be necessary to read ) 235.74 552 P
-3 F
--0.08 (k) 383.74 552 P
-0 F
--0.08 ( bits from the \336le, where ) 389.07 552 P
-3 F
--0.08 (k) 509.51 552 P
-0 F
--0.08 ( is an) 514.84 552 P
-0.98 (integer between 1 and 64 inclusive. However) 72 532 P
-0.98 (, this would require considerable buf) 294.22 532 P
-0.98 (fering and be) 474.77 532 P
-0.23 (quite inef) 72 512 P
-0.23 (\336cient and prohibitively slow) 117.65 512 P
-0.23 (. For these reasons, the current implementation of ) 258.48 512 P
-3 F
-0.23 (bdes) 501.48 512 P
-0 F
-0.23 ( re-) 523.46 512 P
-0.47 (quires that ) 72 492 P
-3 F
-0.47 (k) 126.23 492 P
-0 F
-0.47 ( be a multiple of 8, so that an integral number of bytes will always be read from the) 131.56 492 P
-(\336le. Other than this change, this mode is implemented as described in [3].) 72 472 T
--0.58 (A similar observation holds for the alternate CFB mode described in [3]. Here, only the low) 108 448 P
-0.23 (7 bits of each byte are signi\336cant, and hence the parameter ) 72 428 P
-3 F
-0.23 (k) 358.95 428 P
-0 F
-0.23 ( is an integer from 1 to 56 inclusive;) 364.28 428 P
-(bdes requires k to be a multiple of 7. The high-order bit is retained for encryption and decryption,) 72 408 T
-(but output \050whether from encryption or decryption\051 always has the high-order bit set to zero.) 72 388 T
-4 F
-(6. Message Authentication Code Modes) 72 356 T
-0 F
-0.57 (The Data Encryption Standard provides two modes of authentication, each providing be-) 108 332 P
-1.27 (tween 1 and 64 bits of authentication data. In both cases an ) 72 312 P
-3 F
-1.27 (n) 373.32 312 P
-0 F
-1.27 (-bit message authentication code) 379.32 312 P
-0.62 (\050MAC\051 is generated, where 1) 72 292 P
-2 F
-0.73 ( ) 214.71 292 P
-9 F
-0.62 (\243) 218.94 292 P
-0 F
-0.62 ( ) 225.52 292 P
-3 F
-0.62 (n) 229.15 292 P
-0 F
-0.62 ( ) 235.14 292 P
-9 F
-0.62 (\243) 238.76 292 P
-0 F
-0.62 ( 64. The \336rst is based on the CBC encryption mode, and the) 245.35 292 P
-(second on CFB mode. Both work the same.) 72 272 T
-0.13 (First, the \336le is padded to a multiple of the block size by appending enough zero bits. It is) 108 248 P
--0.16 (then encrypted using the standard CBC \050or CFB\051 algorithm, but
-all encrypted text is discarded ex-) 72 228 P
--0.44 (cept for the last block. The ) 72 208 P
-3 F
--0.44 (n) 200.9 208 P
-0 F
--0.44 ( leading bits of the last block are used as the MAC. Note that the block) 206.9 208 P
-(size constrains the number of bits available as the MAC.) 72 188 T
-0.71 (The implementation allows the user to specify that the MAC is to be computed in either) 108 164 P
--0.01 (CBC or CFB mode, and the user can specify any number of bits from 1 to 64 inclusive. However) 72 144 P
--0.01 (,) 537 144 P
--0.11 (because the UNIX operating system can only output bits in multiples of 8, if the number of bits of) 72 124 P
--0.08 (MAC is not a multiple of 8, the MAC will be right-padded with the minimum number of zero bits) 72 104 P
--0.31 (necessary to make the MAC length be a multiple of 8. However) 72 84 P
--0.31 (, note that as the standard \050[3], Ap-) 374.6 84 P
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-(Page 6 of 11) 479.71 34.7 T
-72 72 540 720 R
-7 X
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-0 X
--0.14 (pendix F\051 requires an incomplete \336nal block be right-padded with
-zeroes, the technique of forcing) 72 712 P
-(the last octet to contain the number of bytes in the message is ) 72 692 T
-3 F
-(not) 369.47 692 T
-0 F
-( used here.) 384.8 692 T
--0.39 (For example, suppose ) 108 668 P
-7 F
--0.94 (inputf) 214.76 668 P
--0.94 (ile) 257.93 668 P
-0 F
--0.39 ( contains \322) 279.52 668 P
-6 F
--0.94 (This) 330.04 668 P
-8 F
--0.43 (z) 358.82 668 P
-6 F
--0.94 (is) 363.8 668 P
-8 F
--0.43 (z) 378.19 668 P
-6 F
--0.94 (a) 383.17 668 P
-8 F
--0.43 (z) 390.36 668 P
-6 F
--0.94 (test) 395.34 668 P
-9 F
--0.39 (\277) 424.13 668 P
-0 F
--0.39 (\323, and a 64-bit MAC is) 432.02 668 P
--0.73 (to be generated using CBC mode, the key \322) 72 648 P
-6 F
--1.74 (abcdef#@) 274.39 648 P
-0 F
--0.73 (\323 and the initialization vector ) 331.96 648 P
-6 F
--1.74 (0x0) 471.23 648 P
-0 F
--0.73 (; the com-) 492.82 648 P
-(mand is) 72 628 T
-6 F
-(bdes -m 64 -k abcdef#@ < ) 136.89 604 T
-7 F
-(inputf) 316.79 604 T
-(ile) 359.97 604 T
-6 F
-( > ) 381.56 604 T
-7 F
-(outputf) 403.15 604 T
-(ile) 453.52 604 T
-0 F
-(as CBC is the default encryption mode and ) 72 580 T
-6 F
-(0x0) 281.2 580 T
-0 F
-( the default initialization vector:) 302.79 580 T
-(text) 72 556 T
-6 F
-(T) 117 556 T
-(h) 144 556 T
-(i) 171 556 T
-(s) 198 556 T
-8 F
-(z) 225 556 T
-6 F
-(i) 252 556 T
-(s) 279 556 T
-8 F
-(z) 306 556 T
-6 F
-(a) 333 556 T
-8 F
-(z) 360 556 T
-6 F
-(t) 387 556 T
-(e) 414 556 T
-(s) 441 556 T
-(t) 468 556 T
-9 F
-(\277) 495 556 T
-0 F
-(hex) 72 536 T
-10 F
-(54) 117 536 T
-(68) 144 536 T
-(69) 171 536 T
-(73) 198 536 T
-(20) 225 536 T
-(69) 252 536 T
-(73) 279 536 T
-(20) 306 536 T
-(61) 333 536 T
-(20) 360 536 T
-(74) 387 536 T
-(65) 414 536 T
-(73) 441 536 T
-(74) 468 536 T
-(0a) 495 536 T
-0 F
-(input) 72 516 T
-10 F
-(54) 117 516 T
-(68) 144 516 T
-(69) 171 516 T
-(73) 198 516 T
-(20) 225 516 T
-(69) 252 516 T
-(73) 279 516 T
-(20) 306 516 T
-(61) 333 516 T
-(20) 360 516 T
-(74) 387 516 T
-(65) 414 516 T
-(73) 441 516 T
-(74) 468 516 T
-(0a) 495 516 T
-(00) 522 516 T
-0 F
-(output) 72 496 T
-10 F
-(43) 117 496 T
-(18) 144 496 T
-(de) 171 496 T
-(74) 198 496 T
-(24) 225 496 T
-(a9) 252 496 T
-(65) 279 496 T
-(d1) 306 496 T
-0 F
-0.04 (Notice that the text is 15 characters long, so there are 7 bytes following the last full block.) 108 476 P
-3 F
-(Bdes) 72 456 T
-0 F
-( pads this to a full block by appending a zero-\336lled byte. The result is then encrypted and the) 95.32 456 T
-(last block of output is used as the MAC.) 72 436 T
-0.06 (As another example, suppose we used the same text, and wanted a 36-bit MAC to be gen-) 108 412 P
-6.91 (erated using 40-bit CFB mode, the key \322) 72 392 P
-6 F
-16.58 (abcdef#@) 314.9 392 P
-0 F
-6.91 (\323 and the initialization vector) 372.47 392 P
-6 F
-(0x0123456789abcdef) 72 372 T
-0 F
-(; the command is) 201.53 372 T
-6 F
-(bdes -m 36 -f 40 -v 0x0123456789abcdef < ) 79.32 348 T
-7 F
-(inputf) 374.36 348 T
-(ile) 417.54 348 T
-6 F
-( > ) 439.13 348 T
-7 F
-(outputf) 460.71 348 T
-(ile) 511.09 348 T
-0 F
--0.19 (where ) 72 324 P
-4 F
--0.19 (\320m 36) 104.11 324 P
-0 F
--0.19 ( is the option to generate a 36-bit MAC, ) 134.91 324 P
-4 F
--0.19 (\320f 40) 327.79 324 P
-0 F
--0.19 ( indicates 40-bit CFB is to be used, and) 352.58 324 P
-4 F
--0.31 (\320v 0x123456789abcdef) 72 304 P
-0 F
--0.31 ( sets the initialization vector) 186.62 304 P
--0.31 (. Note that, as the key is not given on the com-) 319.95 304 P
-(mand line, the user will be prompted for it. It gives:) 72 284 T
-(text) 72 260 T
-6 F
-(T) 117 260 T
-(h) 144 260 T
-(i) 171 260 T
-(s) 198 260 T
-8 F
-(z) 225 260 T
-6 F
-(i) 252 260 T
-(s) 279 260 T
-8 F
-(z) 306 260 T
-6 F
-(a) 333 260 T
-8 F
-(z) 360 260 T
-6 F
-(t) 387 260 T
-(e) 414 260 T
-(s) 441 260 T
-(t) 468 260 T
-9 F
-(\277) 495 260 T
-0 F
-(hex) 72 240 T
-10 F
-(54) 117 240 T
-(68) 144 240 T
-(69) 171 240 T
-(73) 198 240 T
-(20) 225 240 T
-(69) 252 240 T
-(73) 279 240 T
-(20) 306 240 T
-(61) 333 240 T
-(20) 360 240 T
-(74) 387 240 T
-(65) 414 240 T
-(73) 441 240 T
-(74) 468 240 T
-(0a) 495 240 T
-0 F
-(input) 72 220 T
-10 F
-(54) 117 220 T
-(68) 144 220 T
-(69) 171 220 T
-(73) 198 220 T
-(20) 225 220 T
-(69) 252 220 T
-(73) 279 220 T
-(20) 306 220 T
-(61) 333 220 T
-(20) 360 220 T
-(74) 387 220 T
-(65) 414 220 T
-(73) 441 220 T
-(74) 468 220 T
-(0a) 495 220 T
-0 F
-(output) 72 200 T
-10 F
-(2b) 117 200 T
-(18) 144 200 T
-(68) 171 200 T
-(2d) 198 200 T
-(60) 225 200 T
-0 F
-0.19 (Note that the MAC is padded on the right by four zero bits to produce \336ve characters that) 108 180 P
-(can be output.) 72 160 T
-4 F
-(7. Differ) 72 128 T
-(ences Between ) 114.41 128 T
-1 F
-(bdes) 191.01 128 T
-4 F
-( and Sun\325) 212.99 128 T
-(s DES Implementation) 261.88 128 T
-0 F
-0.02 (The program ) 108 104 P
-3 F
-0.02 (bdes) 173.33 104 P
-0 F
-0.02 ( is designed to be completely compatible with Sun Microsystems, Inc.\325) 195.31 104 P
-0.02 (s) 535.33 104 P
-0.57 (implementation of the Data Encryption Standard, called ) 72 84 P
-3 F
-0.57 (des) 347.14 84 P
-0 F
-0.57 ( and described in [4]. Thus, \336les en-) 363.13 84 P
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-(Page 7 of 11) 479.71 34.7 T
-72 72 540 720 R
-7 X
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-0 X
-0.44 (crypted using ) 72 712 P
-3 F
-0.44 (des) 140.84 712 P
-0 F
-0.44 ( can be decrypted using ) 156.83 712 P
-3 F
-0.44 (bdes) 275.29 712 P
-0 F
-0.44 (, and vice versa, provided modes common to both) 297.27 712 P
--0.34 (are used. However) 72 692 P
--0.34 (, ) 160.41 692 P
-3 F
--0.34 (bdes) 166.06 692 P
-0 F
--0.34 ( does not allow \336les to be named on the command line, nor does it support) 188.05 692 P
--0.68 (hardware devices \050and so the ) 72 672 P
-4 F
--0.68 (-s) 210.83 672 P
-0 F
--0.68 ( and ) 219.49 672 P
-4 F
--0.68 (-f) 241.45 672 P
-0 F
--0.68 ( options of Sun\325) 249.44 672 P
--0.68 (s ) 323.71 672 P
-3 F
--0.68 (des) 330.7 672 P
-0 F
--0.68 ( are not available\051. Further) 346.69 672 P
--0.68 (, as encryption) 471.07 672 P
--0.05 (is the default, the Sun ) 72 652 P
-3 F
--0.05 (des) 179.01 652 P
-0 F
--0.05 ( ) 195 652 P
-4 F
--0.05 (-e) 197.95 652 P
-0 F
--0.05 ( option is not recognized. As the manual page to ) 207.27 652 P
-3 F
--0.05 (bdes) 441.6 652 P
-0 F
--0.05 ( is in the appen-) 463.59 652 P
-(dix, these dif) 72 632 T
-(ferences will not be elaborated upon further) 134.08 632 T
-(.) 343.24 632 T
-0.44 (Sun\325) 108 608 P
-0.44 (s ) 130 608 P
-3 F
-0.44 (des) 138.1 608 P
-0 F
-0.44 ( supports the use of special-purpose hardware to encrypt and decrypt. Although) 154.09 608 P
-3 F
-1.33 (bdes) 72 588 P
-0 F
-1.33 ( does not directly support the use of such hardware, it uses the library routine ) 93.98 588 P
-3 F
-1.33 (encrypt) 487.05 588 P
-0 F
-1.33 (\0503\051,) 523.02 588 P
--0.09 (which may) 72 568 P
--0.09 (. Hardware support was not included directly to support as lar) 124.1 568 P
--0.09 (ge a number of platforms) 419.11 568 P
-(as possible with installers needing to know as little about the hardware as possible.) 72 548 T
--0.08 (Sun\325) 108 524 P
--0.08 (s ) 130 524 P
-3 F
--0.08 (des) 137.58 524 P
-0 F
--0.08 ( supports only the CBC and ECB encryption modes; ) 153.57 524 P
-3 F
--0.08 (bdes) 407.07 524 P
-0 F
--0.08 ( supports all modes de-) 429.05 524 P
-0.26 (scribed in [3] \050although CFB and OFB are not completely supported\051 as well as both CBC-based) 72 504 P
-(and CFB-based MACs.) 72 484 T
-0.15 (Although input with length not a multiple of the block size is handled in the same way by) 108 460 P
--0.47 (both ) 72 440 P
-3 F
--0.47 (des) 95.85 440 P
-0 F
--0.47 ( and ) 111.84 440 P
-3 F
--0.47 (bdes) 134.21 440 P
-0 F
--0.47 (, dif) 156.19 440 P
--0.47 (ferent values of the padding bytes are used in all but the last byte of the input.) 174.82 440 P
-(Where ) 72 420 T
-3 F
-(bdes) 106.96 420 T
-0 F
-( puts zero bytes, ) 128.94 420 T
-3 F
-(des) 209.89 420 T
-0 F
-( puts bytes containing random values. The reason for Sun\325) 225.87 420 T
-(s doing) 505.02 420 T
-0.47 (so is to prevent a known plaintext attack on the \336le should an
-attacker determine that the input\325) 72 400 P
-0.47 (s) 535.33 400 P
--0.29 (length were a multiple of the block size. W) 72 380 P
--0.29 (ith ) 276.05 380 P
-3 F
--0.29 (bdes) 291.43 380 P
-0 F
--0.29 (, the plaintext contents of the last block of input) 313.41 380 P
-0.31 (for such a \336le is known \050a block with all bits zero\051. W) 72 360 P
-0.31 (ith ) 333.99 360 P
-3 F
-0.31 (des) 349.96 360 P
-0 F
-0.31 (, the plaintext contents of that block) 365.95 360 P
-0.73 (are not known. Cryptanalytically) 72 340 P
-0.73 (, given the information about the strength of the DES currently) 231.29 340 P
-0.2 (known, it is widely believed that known plaintext attacks are infeasible
-\050see for example [1]\051 and) 72 320 P
-1.86 (so initializing and invoking the pseudorandom number generator seems unnecessary) 72 300 P
-1.86 (. But this) 492.63 300 P
-(means that ciphertexts produced from a plaintext by ) 72 280 T
-3 F
-(bdes) 324.48 280 T
-0 F
-( and ) 346.47 280 T
-3 F
-(des) 369.78 280 T
-0 F
-( will dif) 385.77 280 T
-(fer in the last block.) 423.54 280 T
-4 F
-(Refer) 72 248 T
-(ences) 100.41 248 T
-0 F
-([1]) 72 224 T
-0.37 (D. Denning, \322The Data Encryption Standard: Fifteen Y) 108 224 P
-0.37 (ears of Public Scrutiny) 374.87 224 P
-0.37 (,\323 ) 484.8 224 P
-3 F
-0.37 (Pr) 496.49 224 P
-0.37 (oceed-) 508.04 224 P
--0.47 (ings of the Sixth Annual Computer Security Applications Confer) 108 204 P
--0.47 (ence) 411.65 204 P
-0 F
--0.47 ( pp. x\320xv \050Dec. 1990\051.) 433.62 204 P
-([2]) 72 180 T
-(A. Konheim, ) 108 180 T
-3 F
-(Cryptography: A Primer) 173.29 180 T
-0 F
-(, John W) 291.4 180 T
-(iley and Sons, Inc., New Y) 333.9 180 T
-(ork, NY \0501981\051.) 461.94 180 T
-([3]) 72 156 T
-3 F
-0.63 (DES Modes of Operation) 108 156 P
-0 F
-0.63 (, Federal Information Processing Standards Publication 81, Na-) 231.47 156 P
--0.07 (tional Bureau of Standards, U.S. Department of Commerce, W) 108 136 P
--0.07 (ashington, DC \050Dec. 1980\051.) 407.62 136 P
-([4]) 72 112 T
-3 F
-(UNIX User) 108 112 T
-(\325) 162.74 112 T
-(s Manual) 165.18 112 T
-0 F
-(, Sun Microsystems Inc., Mountain V) 210.16 112 T
-(iew) 390 112 T
-(, CA \050Mar) 406.54 112 T
-(. 1988\051.) 455.51 112 T
-4 F
-(Appendix. The UNIX System Manual Page for ) 72 80 T
-1 F
-(bdes) 313.2 80 T
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-0 X
-(Page 8 of 11) 479.71 34.7 T
-72 72 540 720 R
-7 X
-V
-1 F
-0 X
-(NAME) 72 712.67 T
-0 F
-(bdes - encrypt/decrypt using the Data Encryption Standard) 108 689 T
-1 F
-(SYNOPSIS) 72 663.67 T
-4 F
-(bdes) 108 640 T
-0 F
-( [) 131.33 640 T
-3 F
-( ) 138.32 640 T
-4 F
-(-abdp) 141.32 640 T
-0 F
-( ] [ ) 171.31 640 T
-4 F
-(-F) 188.3 640 T
-0 F
-( ) 199.62 640 T
-3 F
-(b) 202.62 640 T
-0 F
-( ] [ ) 208.61 640 T
-4 F
-(-f) 225.6 640 T
-0 F
-( ) 233.58 640 T
-3 F
-(b) 236.58 640 T
-0 F
-( ] [ ) 242.58 640 T
-4 F
-(-k) 259.56 640 T
-0 F
-( ) 270.22 640 T
-3 F
-(key) 273.22 640 T
-0 F
-( ] [ ) 289.2 640 T
-4 F
-(-m) 306.18 640 T
-0 F
-( ) 320.16 640 T
-3 F
-(b) 323.16 640 T
-0 F
-( ] [ ) 329.16 640 T
-4 F
-(-o) 346.14 640 T
-0 F
-( ) 356.13 640 T
-3 F
-(b) 359.13 640 T
-0 F
-( ] [ ) 365.13 640 T
-4 F
-(-v) 382.11 640 T
-0 F
-( ) 392.1 640 T
-3 F
-(vector) 395.1 640 T
-0 F
-( ]) 425.07 640 T
-1 F
-(DESCRIPTION) 72 614.67 T
-3 F
--0.69 (Bdes) 108 591 P
-0 F
--0.69 ( reads from the standard input and writes on the standard output. It implements all DES) 131.32 591 P
--0.09 (modes of operation described in FIPS PUB 81 including alternative cipher feedback mode) 108 577 P
-0.74 (and both authentication modes. All modes but the electronic code book mode require an) 108 563 P
--0.14 (initialization vector; if none is supplied, the zero vector is used. T) 108 549 P
--0.14 (o protect the key and ini-) 420.44 549 P
-0.29 (tialization vector from being read by) 108 535 P
-3 F
-0.29 ( ps) 284.98 535 P
-0 F
-0.29 (\0501\051, ) 298.94 535 P
-3 F
-0.29 (bdes ) 319.21 535 P
-0 F
-0.29 (hides its ar) 344.48 535 P
-0.29 (guments on entry) 396.81 535 P
-0.29 (. If no ) 479.89 535 P
-3 F
-0.29 (key ) 512.74 535 P
-0 F
-0.29 (is) 532 535 P
--0.61 (given, one is requested from the controlling terminal if that can be opened, or from the stan-) 108 521 P
-(dard input if not.) 108 507 T
--0.17 (The key and initialization vector are taken as sequences of ) 108 489 P
-5 F
--0.14 (ASCII) 389.38 489 P
-0 F
--0.17 ( characters which are then) 415.48 489 P
--0.35 (mapped into their bit representations. If either begins with
-\3240x\325 or \3240X\325, that one is taken as) 108 475 P
-1.02 (a sequence of hexadecimal digits indicating the bit pattern; if either begins with \3240b\325 or) 108 461 P
--0.73 (\3240B\325, that one is taken as a sequence of binary digits
-indicating the bit pattern. In either case,) 108 447 P
--0.37 (only the leading 64 bits of the key or initialization vector are used, and if fewer than 64 bits) 108 433 P
-0.35 (are provided, enough 0 bits are appended to pad the key to 64 bits. Note that if the key is) 108 419 P
-0.03 (not entered on the command line, it is interpreted in the same way) 108 405 P
-0.03 (, because with 4.4 BSD,) 424.31 405 P
--0.36 (the password reading function ) 108 391 P
-3 F
--0.36 (getpass) 254.45 391 P
-0 F
--0.36 (\0503\051 allows enough characters for either hex or binary) 290.43 391 P
-(keys to be entered.) 108 377 T
-0.04 (According to the DES standard, the low-order bit of each character in the key string is de-) 108 359 P
--0.18 (leted. Since most ) 108 345 P
-5 F
--0.15 (ASCII) 192.75 345 P
-0 F
--0.18 ( representations set the high-order bit to 0, simply deleting the low-) 218.84 345 P
--0.29 (order bit ef) 108 331 P
--0.29 (fectively reduces the size of the key space from 2) 160.49 331 P
-5 F
--0.24 (56) 394.67 335.8 P
-0 F
--0.29 ( to 2) 404.67 331 P
-5 F
--0.24 (48) 425.41 335.8 P
-0 F
--0.29 ( keys. T) 435.4 331 P
--0.29 (o prevent this,) 472.29 331 P
--0.46 (the high-order bit must be a function depending in part upon the low-order bit; so, the high-) 108 317 P
-0.11 (order bit is set to whatever value gives odd parity) 108 303 P
-0.11 (. This preserves the key space size. Note) 345.05 303 P
-(this resetting of the parity bit is ) 108 289 T
-3 F
-(not) 260.92 289 T
-0 F
-( done if the key is given in binary or hex.) 276.24 289 T
--0.38 (By default, the standard input is encrypted using cipher block chaining mode and is written) 108 271 P
-0.18 (to the standard output. Using the same key for encryption and decryption preserves plain-) 108 257 P
-(text, so) 108 243 T
-( bdes ) 225.81 225 T
-3 F
-(key) 253.79 225 T
-0 F
-( < plaintext | bdes \320i ) 269.77 225 T
-3 F
-(key) 370.21 225 T
-0 F
-( ) 386.19 225 T
-(is a very expensive equivalent of ) 108 201 T
-3 F
-(cat) 268.54 201 T
-0 F
-(\0501\051.) 283.2 201 T
-(Options are:) 108 183 T
-( ) 108 165 T
-4 F
-(\320a) 111 165 T
-0 F
--0.75 (The key and initialization vector strings are to be taken as ) 144 165 P
-5 F
--0.62 (ASCII) 415.89 165 P
-0 F
--0.75 ( suppressing the spe-) 441.98 165 P
-0.3 (cial interpretation given to leading \3240x\325, \3240X\325, \3240b\325,
-and \3240B\325 characters. Note this) 144 151 P
-(\337ag applies to ) 144 137 T
-3 F
-(both) 214.29 137 T
-0 F
-( the key and initialization vector) 235.62 137 T
-(.) 389.85 137 T
-4 F
-(\320b) 108 119 T
-0 F
-(Use electronic code book mode.) 144 119 T
-4 F
-(\320d) 108 101 T
-0 F
-(Decrypt the input.) 144 101 T
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-(Page 9 of 11) 479.71 34.7 T
-72 72 540 720 R
-7 X
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-4 F
-0 X
-(\320f) 108 712 T
-0 F
-( ) 117.99 712 T
-3 F
-(b) 120.99 712 T
-0 F
--0.29 (Use ) 144 712 P
-3 F
--0.29 (b) 165.36 712 P
-0 F
--0.29 (-bit cipher feedback mode. Currently ) 171.35 712 P
-3 F
--0.29 (b) 350.42 712 P
-0 F
--0.29 ( must be a multiple of 8 between 8 and) 356.42 712 P
-(64 inclusive \050this does not conform to the standard CFB mode speci\336cation\051.) 144 698 T
-4 F
-(\320F) 108 680 T
-0 F
-( ) 121.32 680 T
-3 F
-(b) 124.32 680 T
-0 F
--0.29 (Use ) 144 680 P
-3 F
--0.29 (b) 165.36 680 P
-0 F
--0.29 (-bit alternative cipher feedback mode. Currently ) 171.36 680 P
-3 F
--0.29 (b) 403.77 680 P
-0 F
--0.29 ( must be a multiple of 7 be-) 409.77 680 P
--0.12 (tween 7 and 56 inclusive \050this does not conform to the alternative CFB mode spec-) 144 666 P
-(i\336cation\051.) 144 652 T
-4 F
-(\320k) 108 634 T
-0 F
-( ) 120.67 634 T
-3 F
-(key) 123.66 634 T
-0 F
-0.37 (Use the string ) 144 616 P
-3 F
-0.37 (key) 214.74 616 P
-0 F
-0.37 ( as the cryptographic key) 230.72 616 P
-0.37 (. If this ar) 352.01 616 P
-0.37 (gument is not given, the user) 399.54 616 P
-(will be prompted for the key) 144 602 T
-(.) 280.12 602 T
-4 F
-(\320m) 108 584 T
-0 F
-( ) 123.99 584 T
-3 F
-(b) 126.99 584 T
-0 F
-0.71 (Compute a message authentication code \050MAC\051 of ) 144 584 P
-3 F
-0.71 (b) 395.78 584 P
-0 F
-0.71 ( bits on the input. ) 401.77 584 P
-3 F
-0.71 (b) 491.94 584 P
-0 F
-0.71 ( must be) 497.94 584 P
-0.11 (between 1 and 64 inclusive; if ) 144 570 P
-3 F
-0.11 (b) 291.87 570 P
-0 F
-0.11 ( is not a multiple of 8, enough 0 bits will be added) 297.86 570 P
--0.44 (to pad the MAC length to the nearest multiple of 8. Only the MAC is output. MACs) 144 556 P
-(are only available in cipher block chaining mode or in cipher feedback mode.) 144 542 T
-4 F
-(\320o) 108 524 T
-0 F
-( ) 119.99 524 T
-3 F
-(b) 122.99 524 T
-0 F
--0.34 (Use ) 144 524 P
-3 F
--0.34 (b) 165.31 524 P
-0 F
--0.34 (-bit output feedback mode. Currently ) 171.31 524 P
-3 F
--0.34 (b) 350.83 524 P
-0 F
--0.34 ( must be a multiple of 8 between 8 and) 356.83 524 P
-(64 inclusive \050this does not conform to the OFB mode speci\336cation\051.) 144 510 T
-4 F
-(\320p) 108 492 T
-0 F
--0.14 (Disable the resetting of the parity bit. This \337ag forces the parity bit of the key to be) 144 492 P
-0.03 (used as typed, rather than making each character be of odd parity) 144 478 P
-0.03 (. It is used only if) 455.91 478 P
-(the key is given in ) 144 464 T
-5 F
-(ASCII) 234.95 464 T
-0 F
-(.) 261.04 464 T
-4 F
-(\320v) 108 446 T
-0 F
-( ) 119.99 446 T
-3 F
-(vector) 122.99 446 T
-0 F
--0.5 (Set the initialization vector to ) 144 428 P
-3 F
--0.5 (v) 286.44 428 P
-0 F
--0.5 (; the vector is interpreted in the same way as the key) 291.76 428 P
--0.5 (.) 537 428 P
-(The vector is ignored in electronic codebook mode.) 144 414 T
--0.55 (The DES is considered a very strong cryptosystem, and other than table lookup attacks, key) 108 396 P
-0.24 (search attacks, and Hellman\325) 108 382 P
-0.24 (s time-memory tradeof) 246.61 382 P
-0.24 (f \050all of which are very expensive and) 356.8 382 P
-0.66 (time-consuming\051, no cryptanalytic methods for breaking the DES are known in the open) 108 368 P
-0.33 (literature. No doubt the choice of keys and key security are the most vulnerable aspect of) 108 354 P
-3 F
-(bdes) 108 340 T
-0 F
-(.) 129.98 340 T
-4 F
-(IMPLEMENT) 72 314 T
-(A) 146.41 314 T
-(TION NOTES) 154.18 314 T
-0 F
-0.57 (For implementors wishing to write software compatible with this program, the following) 108 290 P
--0.23 (notes are provided. This software is completely compatible with the implementation of the) 108 276 P
-(data encryption standard distributed by Sun Microsystems, Inc.) 108 262 T
-0.11 (In the ECB and CBC modes, plaintext is encrypted in units of 64 bits \0508 bytes, also called) 108 244 P
-0.52 (a block\051. T) 108 230 P
-0.52 (o ensure that the plaintext \336le is encrypted correctly) 160.49 230 P
-0.52 (, ) 413.01 230 P
-3 F
-0.52 (bdes ) 419.53 230 P
-0 F
-0.52 (will \050internally\051 ap-) 445.03 230 P
-0.29 (pend from 1 to 8 bytes, the last byte containing an integer stating how many bytes of that) 108 216 P
--0.71 (\336nal block are from the plaintext \336le, and encrypt the resulting block. Hence, when decrypt-) 108 202 P
-0.27 (ing, the last block may contain from 0 to 7 characters present in the plaintext \336le, and the) 108 188 P
--0.59 (last byte tells how many) 108 174 P
--0.59 (. Note that if during decryption the last byte of the \336le does not con-) 221.46 174 P
-0.41 (tain an integer between 0 and 7, either the \336le has been corrupted or an incorrect key has) 108 160 P
-0.48 (been given. A similar mechanism is used for the OFB and CFB modes, except that those) 108 146 P
-0.26 (simply require the length of the input to be a multiple of the mode size, and the \336nal byte) 108 132 P
--0.73 (contains an integer between 0 and one less than the number of bytes being used as the mode.) 108 118 P
-(\050This was another reason that the mode size must be a multiple of 8 for those modes.\051) 108 104 T
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-0 F
-0 X
-(Page 10 of 11) 473.71 34.7 T
-72 72 540 720 R
-7 X
-V
-0 X
-0.94 (Unlike Sun\325) 108 712 P
-0.94 (s implementation, unused bytes of that last block are not \336lled with random) 166.58 712 P
-0.57 (data, but instead contain what was in those byte positions in the preceding block. This is) 108 698 P
-(quicker and more portable, and does not weaken the encryption signi\336cantly) 108 684 T
-(.) 473.95 684 T
-0.36 (If the key is entered in ) 108 666 P
-5 F
-0.3 (ASCII) 220.76 666 P
-0 F
-0.36 (, the parity bits of the key characters are set so that each key) 246.85 666 P
-1.03 (character is of odd parity) 108 652 P
-1.03 (. Unlike Sun\325) 231.23 652 P
-1.03 (s implementation, it is possible to enter binary or) 296.92 652 P
--0.57 (hexadecimal keys on the command line, and if this is done, the parity bits are ) 108 638 P
-3 F
--0.57 (not ) 472.85 638 P
-0 F
--0.57 (reset. This) 490.61 638 P
-(allows testing using arbitrary bit patterns as keys.) 108 624 T
-0.64 (The Sun implementation always uses an initialization vector of 0 \050that is, all zeroes\051. By) 108 606 P
-(default, ) 108 592 T
-3 F
-(bdes ) 147.3 592 T
-0 F
-(does too, but this may be changed from the command line.) 172.29 592 T
-4 F
-(FILES) 72 566 T
-0 F
-(/dev/tty) 108 542 T
-(controlling terminal for typed key) 180 542 T
-4 F
-(SEE ALSO) 72 516 T
-3 F
-(crypt) 108 492 T
-0 F
-(\0501\051, ) 132.65 492 T
-3 F
-(crypt) 152.63 492 T
-0 F
-(\0503\051) 177.27 492 T
-3 F
--0.4 (Data Encryption Standar) 108 474 P
--0.4 (d) 228.02 474 P
-0 F
--0.4 (, Federal Information Processing Standard #46, National Bureau) 234.02 474 P
-(of Standards, U.S. Department of Commerce, W) 108 460 T
-(ashington DC \050Jan. 1977\051.) 340.2 460 T
-3 F
-0.16 (DES) 108 442 P
-0 F
-0.16 ( ) 129.98 442 P
-3 F
-0.16 (Modes of Operation, ) 133.15 442 P
-0 F
-0.16 (Federal Information Processing Standard #81, National Bureau) 236.24 442 P
-(of Standards, U.S. Department of Commerce, W) 108 428 T
-(ashington DC \050Dec. 1980\051.) 340.2 428 T
-2.75 (Dorothy Denning, ) 108 410 P
-3 F
-2.75 (Cryptography and Data Security) 203.77 410 P
-0 F
-2.75 (, Addison-W) 368.8 410 P
-2.75 (esley Publishing Co.,) 432.55 410 P
-(Reading, MA \2511982.) 108 396 T
--0.19 ( Matt Bishop, \322Implementation Notes on ) 108 378 P
-3 F
--0.19 (bdes) 305.76 378 P
-0 F
--0.19 (\0501\051\323, T) 327.75 378 P
--0.19 (echnical Report PCS-TR-91-158, De-) 359.35 378 P
-0.34 (partment of Mathematics and Computer Science, Dartmouth College, Hanover) 108 364 P
-0.34 (, NH \050Apr) 488.01 364 P
-0.34 (.) 537 364 P
-(1991\051.) 108 350 T
-4 F
-(CAUTION) 72 324 T
-0 F
--0.55 (Certain speci\336c keys should be avoided because they introduce potential weaknesses; these) 108 300 P
--0.44 (keys, called the ) 108 286 P
-3 F
--0.44 (weak) 183.95 286 P
-0 F
--0.44 ( and ) 208.6 286 P
-3 F
--0.44 (semiweak) 231.03 286 P
-0 F
--0.44 ( keys, are \050in hex notation, where ) 277.66 286 P
-6 F
--1.06 (p) 437.45 286 P
-0 F
--0.44 ( is either ) 444.64 286 P
-6 F
--1.06 (0) 487.63 286 P
-0 F
--0.44 ( or ) 494.82 286 P
-6 F
--1.06 (1) 509.93 286 P
-0 F
--0.44 (, and) 517.12 286 P
-6 F
-(P) 108 272 T
-0 F
-( is either ) 115.2 272 T
-6 F
-(e) 159.5 272 T
-0 F
-( or ) 166.7 272 T
-6 F
-(f) 182.68 272 T
-0 F
-(\051:) 189.88 272 T
-6 F
-(0x0p0p0p0p0p0p0p0p) 144 254 T
-(0x0p1P0p1P0p0P0p0P) 360 254 T
-(0x0pep0pep0pfp0pfp) 144 236 T
-(0x0pfP0pfP0pfP0pfP) 360 236 T
-(0x1P0p1P0p0P0p0P0p) 144 218 T
-(0x1P1P1P1P0P0P0P0P) 360 218 T
-(0x1Pep1Pep0Pfp0Pfp) 144 200 T
-(0x1PfP1PfP0PfP0PfP) 360 200 T
-(0xep0pep0pfp0pfp0p) 144 182 T
-(0xep1Pep1pfp0Pfp0P) 360 182 T
-(0xepepepepepepepep) 144 164 T
-(0xepfPepfPfpfPfpfP) 360 164 T
-(0xfP0pfP0pfP0pfP0p) 144 146 T
-(0xfP1PfP1PfP0PfP0P) 360 146 T
-(0xfPepfPepfPepfPep) 144 128 T
-(0xfPfPfPfPfPfPfPfP) 360 128 T
-0 F
-0.13 (The weakness of these keys is inherent in the DES algorithm \050see for example Moore and) 108 110 P
--0.57 (Simmons, \322Cycle structure of the DES with weak and semi-weak keys,\323) 108 96 P
-3 F
--0.57 ( Advances in Cryp-) 449.43 96 P
-(tology \320 Crypto \32486 Pr) 108 82 T
-(oceedings) 216.83 82 T
-0 F
-(, Springer) 264.79 82 T
-(-V) 311.85 82 T
-(erlag New Y) 323.17 82 T
-(ork, \2511987, pp. 9-32\051.) 383.25 82 T
-FMENDPAGE
-%%EndPage: "10" 13
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-612 792 0 FMBEGINPAGE
-72 745.99 540 756 R
-7 X
-0 K
-V
-72 32.69 540 42.7 R
-V
-0 F
-0 X
-(Page 11 of 11) 473.71 34.7 T
-72 72 540 720 R
-7 X
-V
-4 F
-0 X
-(BUGS) 72 712 T
-0 F
--0.18 (There is a controversy raging over whether the DES will still be secure in a few years. The) 108 688 P
-0.31 (advent of special-purpose hardware could reduce the cost of any of the methods of attack) 108 674 P
-(named above so that they are no longer computationally infeasible.) 108 660 T
-0.32 (Programs which display programs\325 ar) 108 642 P
-0.32 (guments may compromise the key and initialization) 289.59 642 P
-0.76 (vector if they are speci\336ed on the command line. T) 108 628 P
-0.76 (o avoid this ) 358.46 628 P
-3 F
-0.76 (bdes) 419.7 628 P
-0 F
-0.76 ( overwrites its ar) 441.68 628 P
-0.76 (gu-) 524.01 628 P
-(ments. However) 108 614 T
-(, the obvious race cannot currently be avoided.) 186.12 614 T
-0.25 (As the key or key schedule is kept in memory throughout the run of this program, the en-) 108 596 P
-(cryption can be compromised if memory is readable.) 108 582 T
--0.4 (There is no warranty of merchantability nor any warranty of \336tness for a particular purpose) 108 564 P
-0.05 (nor any other warranty) 108 550 P
-0.05 (, either express or implied, as to the accuracy of the enclosed mate-) 216.95 550 P
-(rials or as to their suitability for any particular purpose.) 108 536 T
--0.06 (Accordingly) 108 518 P
--0.06 (, the user assumes full responsibility for their use. Further) 167.18 518 P
--0.06 (, the author assumes) 442.93 518 P
--0.25 (no obligation to furnish any assistance of any kind whatsoever) 108 504 P
--0.25 (, or to furnish any additional) 404.69 504 P
-(information or documentation.) 108 490 T
-4 F
-(AUTHOR) 72 464 T
-0 F
--0.54 (Matt Bishop, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Bradley Hall, Dartmouth) 108 440 P
-(College, Hanover) 108 426 T
-(, NH 03755) 192.12 426 T
-(Electronic mail addresses:) 108 408 T
-(Internet: Matt.Bishop@dartmouth.edu) 108 390 T
-(UUCP: decvax!dartvax!Matt.Bishop) 108 372 T
-FMENDPAGE
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author	peter <peter@FreeBSD.org>	1995-12-30 19:02:48 +0000
committer	peter <peter@FreeBSD.org>	1995-12-30 19:02:48 +0000
commit	9e723d65b3dbe4a3c599923d35ce1e637e0d32e1 (patch)
tree	392650eb6fe24a669868f9d9d63ff6af2040e501 /usr.bin/bdes
parent	252487f3dde38c3e41336534067ea6fe9c47d787 (diff)
download	FreeBSD-src-9e723d65b3dbe4a3c599923d35ce1e637e0d32e1.zip FreeBSD-src-9e723d65b3dbe4a3c599923d35ce1e637e0d32e1.tar.gz