Merge from vendor branch.

PR:		17431
Obtained from:	ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/tzdata2000d.tar.gz

8 files changed, 1137 insertions, 1302 deletions

diff --git a/share/zoneinfo/africa b/share/zoneinfo/africa
index 2585a79..c9d3cd0 100644
--- a/share/zoneinfo/africa
+++ b/share/zoneinfo/africa
@@ -1,16 +1,17 @@
-# @(#)africa	7.26
+# @(#)africa	7.33
+# $FreeBSD$
 
 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
 # tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
 
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1997-10-05):
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-03-22):
 #
 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
-# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (4th edition),
-# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1995).
+# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition),
+# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999).
 #
-# Gwillim Law <LAW@encmail.encompass.com> writes that a good source
+# Gwillim Law <Gwil_Law@bridge-point.com> writes that a good source
 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
 # published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
@@ -24,8 +25,7 @@
 # I found in the UCLA library.
 #
 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
-# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and the discovery of the longitude,
-# Oxford University Press (1980).
+# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
 #
 # Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT
 # for +0:00 through +3:00, respectively,
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ Rule	Egypt	1989	only	-	May	 6	1:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Egypt	1990	1994	-	May	 1	1:00	1:00	S
 # IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00.
 # Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29.
-Rule	Egypt	1995	max	-	Apr	Fri>=22	 0:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Egypt	1995	max	-	Apr	lastFri	 0:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Egypt	1995	max	-	Sep	lastThu	23:00s	0	-
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
@@ -295,8 +295,6 @@ Zone	Africa/Maseru	1:50:00 -	LMT	1903 Mar
 # Shanks reports the date as May 1, whereas Howse reports Jan; go with Shanks.
 # For Liberia before 1972, Shanks reports -0:44, whereas Howse and Whitman
 # each report -0:44:30; go with the more precise figure.
-#
-# From Shanks, as corrected by Whitman:
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Africa/Monrovia	-0:43:08 -	LMT	1882
 			-0:43:08 -	MMT	1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time
@@ -321,18 +319,16 @@ Rule	Libya	1986	only	-	Apr	 4	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Libya	1986	only	-	Oct	 3	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Libya	1987	1989	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Libya	1987	1990	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Libya	1990	only	-	May	 4	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Libya	1996	only	-	Mar	30	2:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Libya	1996	only	-	Sep	30	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	Libya	1997	only	-	Apr	 4	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Libya	1997	only	-	Oct	 4	0:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Africa/Tripoli	0:52:44 -	LMT	1920
 			1:00	Libya	CE%sT	1959
 			2:00	-	EET	1982
-			1:00	Libya	CE%sT	1991
-			2:00	-	EET	1996 Mar 30 3:00
-			1:00	Libya	CE%sT	1997 Oct  4 0:00
+			1:00	Libya	CE%sT	1990 May  4
+# The following entries are all from Shanks;
+# the IATA SSIM data contain some obvious errors.
+			2:00	-	EET	1996 Sep 30
+			1:00	-	CET	1997 Apr  4
+			1:00	1:00	CEST	1997 Oct  4
 			2:00	-	EET
 
 # Madagascar
@@ -410,8 +406,8 @@ Zone	Africa/Maputo	2:10:20 -	LMT	1903 Mar
 			2:00	-	CAT
 
 # Namibia
-# Shanks says DST transitions are at 0:00; go with IATA.
 # The 1994-04-03 transition is from Shanks.
+# Shanks reports no DST after 1998-04; go with IATA.
 # RULE	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Namibia	1994	max	-	Sep	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Namibia	1995	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	0	-
@@ -443,10 +439,9 @@ Zone	Indian/Reunion	3:41:52 -	LMT	1911 Jun	# Saint-Denis
 #
 # Scattered Islands (Iles Eparses) administered from Reunion are as follows.
 # The following information about them is taken from
-# <a href="http://www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm">
-# Iles Eparses
-# </a>
-# (1997-07-22, in French).  We have no info about their time zone histories.
+# Iles Eparses (www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm, 1997-07-22, in French;
+# no longer available as of 1999-08-17).
+# We have no info about their time zone histories.
 #
 # Bassas da India - uninhabited
 # Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families
@@ -460,9 +455,6 @@ Zone	Africa/Kigali	2:00:16 -	LMT	1935 Jun
 			2:00	-	CAT
 
 # St Helena
-# From Paul Eggert (1997-10-05):
-# Shanks says St Helena was 1W26 (-0:05:44) from 1890 to 1951,
-# but this is most likely a typo for 5W42, the longitude of Jamestown.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Atlantic/St_Helena	-0:22:48 -	LMT	1890		# Jamestown
 			-0:22:48 -	JMT	1951	# Jamestown Mean Time
@@ -470,7 +462,8 @@ Zone Atlantic/St_Helena	-0:22:48 -	LMT	1890		# Jamestown
 # The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar:
 #	Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA
 #	Ascension: on GMT, says usno1995 and the CIA
-#	Gough (scientific station since 1955): on GMT, says the CIA
+#	Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously):
+#		on GMT, says the CIA
 #	Inaccessible, Nightingale: no information, but probably GMT
 
 # Sao Tome and Principe
@@ -518,18 +511,19 @@ Rule	SA	1943	1944	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00	0	-
 Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 -	LMT	1892 Feb 8
 			1:30	-	SAST	1903 Mar
 			2:00	SA	SAST
-# Shanks erroneously claims that most of South Africa switched to 1:00
-# on 1994-04-03 at 00:00.
-#
 # Marion and Prince Edward Is
-# weather station since 1947
+# scientific station since 1947
 # no information
 
 # Sudan
-# From Michael Ross <mross@antigone.com> (1995-11-15):
-# Sudan no longer observes any form of daylight time change.
-# I verified this today by telephone with the Sudan Mission to the
-# United Nations: 212-573-6033
+#
+# From <a href="http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html">
+# Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13)
+# </a>, also reported by Michael De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen:
+# Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon
+# Saturday....  This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for
+# Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin.
+#
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Sudan	1970	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Sudan	1970	1985	-	Oct	15	0:00	0	-
@@ -537,7 +531,8 @@ Rule	Sudan	1971	only	-	Apr	30	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Sudan	1972	1985	-	Apr	lastSun	0:00	1:00	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Africa/Khartoum	2:10:08 -	LMT	1931
-			2:00	Sudan	CA%sT
+			2:00	Sudan	CA%sT	2000 Jan 15 12:00
+			3:00	-	EAT
 
 # Swaziland
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
diff --git a/share/zoneinfo/asia b/share/zoneinfo/asia
index 3f8cdfa..2002421 100644
--- a/share/zoneinfo/asia
+++ b/share/zoneinfo/asia
@@ -1,17 +1,17 @@
-# @(#)asia	7.41
+# @(#)asia	7.55
+# $FreeBSD$
 
 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
 # tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
 
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-11-22):
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-03-22):
 #
 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
-# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (4th edition),
-# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1995).
-# Except where otherwise noted, it is the source for the data below.
+# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition),
+# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999).
 #
-# Gwillim Law <LAW@encmail.encompass.com> writes that a good source
+# Gwillim Law <Gwil_Law@bridge-point.com> writes that a good source
 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
 # published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
@@ -25,8 +25,7 @@
 # I found in the UCLA library.
 #
 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
-# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and the discovery of the longitude,
-# Oxford University Press (1980).
+# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
 #
 # I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
@@ -79,23 +78,20 @@ Zone	Asia/Kabul	4:36:48 -	LMT	1890
 			4:30	-	AFT
 
 # Armenia
-# From Paul Eggert (1998-??-??):
+# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
 # Shanks has Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST) in spring 1991,
-# but usno1995 has Armenia at 4:00 (with DST), and Edgar Der-Danieliantz
+# then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then readopting Russian DST in 1997.
+# Go with Shanks, even when he disagrees with others.  Edgar Der-Danieliantz
 # <edd@AIC.NET> reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST
 # in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995.  IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that
 # Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991,
 # but started switching at 3:00s in 1998.
-# What a mess!  We guess Yerevan DST stayed in sync with Moscow between 1990
-# and 1995, did not use DST in 1996, and started using DST again in 1997.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Yerevan	2:58:00 -	LMT	1924 May  2
 			3:00	-	YERT	1957 Mar    # Yerevan Time
 			4:00 RussiaAsia YER%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
 			3:00	1:00	YERST	1991 Sep 23 # independence
-			3:00	1:00	AMST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s # Armenia Time
-			3:00	-	AMT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
-			4:00 RussiaAsia	AM%sT	1996
+			3:00 RussiaAsia	AM%sT	1995 Sep 24 2:00s
 			4:00	-	AMT	1997
 			4:00 RussiaAsia	AM%sT			
 
@@ -191,7 +187,7 @@ Zone	Asia/Phnom_Penh	6:59:40 -	LMT	1906 Jun  9
 # note about Time magazine, though apparently _something_ happened in 1986.
 # Go with Shanks for now.  I made up names for the other pre-1980 time zones.
 
-# From Shanks (1995):
+# From Shanks:
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Shang	1940	only	-	Jun	 3	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Shang	1940	1941	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	S
@@ -239,15 +235,14 @@ Rule	HK	1979	1980	-	May	Sun>=8	3:30	1:00	S
 Rule	HK	1979	1980	-	Oct	Sun>=16	3:30	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Hong_Kong	7:36:36 -	LMT	1904 Oct 30
-			8:00	HK	HK%sT	1997 Jul  1 # return to China
-			8:00	PRC	C%sT
+			8:00	HK	HK%sT
 
 
 ###############################################################################
 
 # Taiwan
 
-# Shanks (1995) writes that Taiwan observed DST during 1945, when it
+# Shanks writes that Taiwan observed DST during 1945, when it
 # was still controlled by Japan.  This is hard to believe, but we don't
 # have any other information.
 
@@ -305,7 +300,7 @@ Rule	Cyprus	1981	1998	-	Mar	lastSun	0:00	1:00	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Nicosia	2:13:28 -	LMT	1921 Nov 14
 			2:00	Cyprus	EE%sT	1998 Sep
-			2:00	EU	EE%sT
+			2:00	EUAsia	EE%sT
 # IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time.
 
 # Georgia
@@ -331,6 +326,14 @@ Zone	Asia/Tbilisi	2:59:16 -	LMT	1880
 			4:00	1:00	GEST	1997 Mar lastSun
 			4:00 E-EurAsia	GE%sT
 
+# East Timor
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+Zone	Asia/Dili	8:22:20 -	LMT	1912
+			8:00	-	TPT	1942 Feb 21 23:00
+			9:00	-	JST	1945 Aug
+			9:00	-	TPT	1976 May  3
+			8:00	-	TPT	# East Timor Time
+
 # India
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Calcutta	5:53:28 -	LMT	1880
@@ -347,7 +350,9 @@ Zone	Asia/Calcutta	5:53:28 -	LMT	1880
 # Indonesia
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Asia/Jakarta	7:07:12 -	LMT	1867 Aug 10
-			7:07:12	-	JMT	1924 Jan  1 0:13 # Jakarta MT
+# Shanks says the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13,
+# but this must be a typo.
+			7:07:12	-	JMT	1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Jakarta
 			7:20	-	JAVT	1932 Nov	 # Java Time
 			7:30	-	JAVT	1942 Mar 23
 			9:00	-	JST	1945 Aug
@@ -366,10 +371,10 @@ Zone Asia/Jayapura	9:22:48 -	LMT	1932 Nov
 			9:00	-	JAYT
 
 # Iran
-# From Paul Eggert (1996-12-17), following up a suggestion by Rich Wales:
+# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27), following up a suggestion by Rich Wales:
 # Ahmea Alavi in
 # <a href="http://tehran.stanford.edu/Iran_Lib/Calendar/taghveem.txt">
-# TAGHVEEM (1993-08-04)
+# TAGHVEEM (1993-07-12)
 # </a>
 # writes ``Daylight saving time in Iran starts from the first day
 # of Farvardin and ends the first day of Mehr.''  This disagrees with the SSIM:
@@ -383,6 +388,10 @@ Zone Asia/Jayapura	9:22:48 -	LMT	1932 Nov
 #	1995	03-21	03-21	09-22!= 09-23
 #	1996	03-21!=	03-20	09-21!= 09-22
 #	1997	03-21	03-21	09-21!= 09-23
+#	1998	03-21	03-21	09-21!= 09-23
+#	1999	03-22!=	03-21	09-22!= 09-23
+#	2000	03-21!=	03-20	09-21!= 09-22
+#	2001	03-17!=	03-21	09-19!= 09-23
 #
 # Go with Alavi starting with 1992.
 # I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 19.34 to compute Persian dates.
@@ -456,6 +465,7 @@ Rule	Iraq	1984	1985	-	Apr	1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iraq	1985	1990	-	Sep	lastSun	1:00s	0	S
 Rule	Iraq	1986	1990	-	Mar	lastSun	1:00s	1:00	D
 # IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the `:01' is a typo.
+# Shanks says Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997 or 1999 on; ignore this.
 Rule	Iraq	1991	max	-	Apr	 1	3:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	Iraq	1991	max	-	Oct	 1	3:00s	0	D
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
@@ -473,7 +483,7 @@ Zone	Asia/Baghdad	2:57:40	-	LMT	1890
 # ISRAEL              2 H  AHEAD OF UTC
 # ISRAEL              3 H  AHEAD OF UTC  APR 10 - SEP 3
 
-# From Shanks (1995):
+# From Shanks:
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Zion	1940	only	-	Jun	 1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1942	1944	-	Nov	 1	0:00	0	S
@@ -517,7 +527,7 @@ Rule	Zion	1988	only	-	Apr	 9	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1988	only	-	Sep	 3	0:00	0	S
 
 # From Ephraim Silverberg <ephraim@cs.huji.ac.il>
-# (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16 and 1998-12-28):
+# (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, and 2000-01-17):
 
 # According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of
 # Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes.
@@ -531,7 +541,11 @@ Rule	Zion	1988	only	-	Sep	 3	0:00	0	S
 # conflicts with the Jewish New Year.  Starting in 1999, the change to
 # daylight savings time will still be on a Friday morning but from
 # 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time
-# will now also be on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST.
+# will now also be on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for
+# 1999 only.  In the years from 2000 to 2002, the change back will be from
+# 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST the morning after the Jewish festival of
+# Shmini Atzeret (i.e. the morning of the 23rd of Tishrei in the lunar
+# Hebrew calendar).
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Zion	1989	only	-	Apr	30	0:00	1:00	D
@@ -562,13 +576,12 @@ Rule	Zion	1995	only	-	Sep	 3	0:00	0	S
 #   ftp://ftp.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz
 #
 # The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa.
-# The official announcement for the year 1997 can be viewed at:
 #
-#   ftp://ftp.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1997.ps.gz
+# The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at:
 #
-# The official announcement for the year 1998 can be viewed at:
+#   ftp://ftp.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz
 #
-#   ftp://ftp.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1998.ps.gz
+#       where YYYY is the relevant year.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Zion	1996	only	-	Mar	15	0:00	1:00	D
@@ -580,18 +593,29 @@ Rule	Zion	1998	only	-	Sep	 6	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	1999	only	-	Apr	 2	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1999	only	-	Sep	 3	2:00	0	S
 
-# Due to imminent elections in 1999, there are no dates for the year 2000
-# and beyond.  There was a move to legislate the DST rules in Israel, but
-# due to the government's fall, it most likely won't be brought to the Knesset
-# for first reading before the elections and will probably be altered by the
-# newly elected government.
+# Minister of Interior, Natan Sharansky, has announced the dates for
+# the years 2000-2002.  However, sources inside the ministry have noted
+# that the end date of 2000 and both dates of 2001-2002 should be regarded
+# as tentative pending final approval.
+#
+# The official announcement for the years 2000-2002 can be viewed at:
+#
+#	ftp://ftp.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2002.ps.gz
 
-# From Paul Eggert (1999-01-30):
-# Here are guesses for rules after 1999.
+# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
+Rule	Zion	2000	only	-	Apr	14	2:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Zion	2000	only	-	Oct	22	2:00	0	S
+Rule	Zion	2001	only	-	Apr	 6	2:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Zion	2001	only	-	Oct	10	2:00	0	S
+Rule	Zion	2002	only	-	Mar	29	2:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Zion	2002	only	-	Sep	29	2:00	0	S
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-17):
+# Here are guesses for rules after 2002.
 # They are probably wrong, but they are more likely than no DST at all.
 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
-Rule	Zion	2000	max	-	Apr	Fri>=1	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Zion	2000	max	-	Sep	Fri>=1	2:00	0	S
+Rule	Zion	2003	max	-	Mar	Fri>=25	2:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Zion	2003	max	-	Oct	 1	2:00	0	S
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Jerusalem	2:20:56 -	LMT	1880
@@ -650,6 +674,20 @@ Zone	Asia/Tokyo	9:18:59	-	LMT	1887 Dec 31 15:00u
 # Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo.
 
 # Jordan
+#
+# From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html">
+# Jordan Week (1999-07-01) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
+# Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight,
+# in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time
+# all year round.
+#
+# From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html">
+# Jordan Week (1999-09-30) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09):
+# Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back
+# by one hour.  This is the latest government decision and it's final!
+# The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in
+# government's departments from six to seven hours.
+#
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule    Jordan	1973	only	-	Jun	6	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule    Jordan	1973	1975	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	-
@@ -668,9 +706,12 @@ Rule    Jordan	1991	only	-	Apr	17	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule    Jordan	1991	only	-	Sep	27	0:00	0	-
 Rule    Jordan	1992	only	-	Apr	10	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule    Jordan	1992	1993	-	Oct	Fri>=1	0:00	0	-
-Rule    Jordan	1993	max	-	Apr	Fri>=1	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule    Jordan	1993	1998	-	Apr	Fri>=1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule    Jordan	1994	only	-	Sep	Fri>=15	0:00	0	-
-Rule    Jordan	1995	max	-	Sep	Fri>=15	0:00s	0	-
+Rule    Jordan	1995	1998	-	Sep	Fri>=15	0:00s	0	-
+Rule	Jordan	1999	only	-	Jul	 1	0:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Jordan	1999	max	-	Sep	lastThu	0:00s	0	-
+Rule	Jordan	2000	max	-	Mar	lastThu	0:00s	1:00	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Amman	2:23:44 -	LMT	1931
 			2:00	Jordan	EE%sT
@@ -705,16 +746,17 @@ Zone	Asia/Aqtau	3:21:04	-	LMT	1924 May  2 # or Aktau
 			4:00 E-EurAsia	AQT%sT
 
 # Kirgizstan
+# Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Kirgiz	1992	1996	-	Apr	Sun>=7	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Kirgiz	1991	1996	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Kirgiz	1992	1996	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Kirgiz	1997	max	-	Mar	lastSun	2:30	1:00	S
 Rule	Kirgiz	1997	max	-	Oct	lastSun	2:30	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Bishkek	4:58:24 -	LMT	1924 May  2
 			5:00	-	FRUT	1930 Jun 21 # Frunze Time
 			6:00 RussiaAsia FRU%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-			5:00	1:00	FRUST	1991 Aug 31 # independence
+			5:00	1:00	FRUST	1991 Aug 31 2:00 # independence
 			5:00	Kirgiz	KG%sT		    # Kirgizstan Time
 
 ###############################################################################
@@ -726,7 +768,7 @@ Zone	Asia/Bishkek	4:58:24 -	LMT	1924 May  2
 # Daylight Savings Time was not observed until 1987.  He did not know
 # at what time of day DST starts or ends.
 
-# From Shanks (1995):
+# From Shanks:
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	ROK	1960	only	-	May	15	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	ROK	1960	only	-	Sep	13	0:00	0	S
@@ -789,7 +831,8 @@ Rule	Lebanon	1989	only	-	May	10	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lebanon	1990	1992	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lebanon	1992	only	-	Oct	4	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Lebanon	1993	max	-	Mar	lastSun	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Lebanon	1993	max	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Lebanon	1993	1998	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Lebanon	1999	max	-	Oct	lastSun	0:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Beirut	2:22:00 -	LMT	1880
 			2:00	Lebanon	EE%sT
@@ -821,31 +864,62 @@ Zone	Indian/Maldives	4:54:00 -	LMT	1880	# Male
 			5:00	-	MVT		# Maldives Time
 
 # Mongolia
+
 # Shanks says that Mongolia has three time zones, but usno1995 and the CIA map
 # Standard Time Zones of the World (1997-01)
-# </a>
 # both say that it has just one.
-# Let's comment out the western and eastern Mongolian time zones
-# till we know what their principal towns are.
+
+# From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11):
+# <a href="http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm">
+# General Information Mongolia
+# </a> (1999-09)
+# "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of
+# Bayan-Ulgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and
+# the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus
+# eight hours."
+
+# From Rives McDow (1999-12-13):
+# Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998
+# being the last year it was implemented.  The dates of implementation I am
+# unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time
+# of implementation may have been different....
+# Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time
+# zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod,
+# Suhbaatar, and possibly Khentij.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15):
+# For now, we'll comment out the east zone (Choybalsan)
+# and use Shanks's and the IATA's data for the daylight-saving rules.
+# Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia.
+# We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone;
+# the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us,
+# and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd
+# is good enough for our purposes.
+
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Mongol	1981	1984	-	Apr	1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Mongol	1981	1984	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Mongol	1985	1990	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Mongol	1985	1990	-	Sep	lastSun	3:00	0	-
-Rule	Mongol	1991	max	-	Mar	lastSun	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Mongol	1991	1998	-	Mar	lastSun	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Mongol	1991	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Mongol	1996	only	-	Oct	Fri>=22	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Mongol	1997	max	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	-
+# IATA SSIM (1996-09) says 1996-10-25; go with Shanks.
+Rule	Mongol	1996	only	-	Oct	lastSun	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Mongol	1997	1998	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	-
+# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST.
+
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-#Zone	Asia/Dariv	6:14:32 -	LMT	1905 Aug
-#			6:00	-	DART	1978	# Dariv Time
-#			7:00	Mongol	DAR%sT
-Zone	Asia/Ulan_Bator	7:07:32 -	LMT	1905 Aug
-			7:00	-	ULAT	1978	# Ulan Bator Time
+Zone	Asia/Hovd	6:06:36 -	LMT	1905 Aug
+			6:00	-	HOVT	1978	# Hovd Time
+			7:00	Mongol	HOV%sT
+Zone	Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 -	LMT	1905 Aug
+			7:00	-	ULAT	1978	# Ulaanbaatar Time
 			8:00	Mongol	ULA%sT
-#Zone Asia/Baruun-Urt	7:33:00 -	LMT	1905 Aug
-#			8:00	-	BART	1978	# Baruun-Urt Time
-#			9:00	Mongol	BAR%sT
+# We're not sure about this entry yet, so we'll omit it for now.
+#Zone Asia/Choybalsan	7:38:00 -	LMT	1905 Aug
+#			8:00	-	CHOT	1978	# Choybalsan Time
+#			9:00	Mongol	CHO%sT	19??
+#			8:00	Mongol	ULA%sT
 
 # Nepal
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
@@ -931,7 +1005,17 @@ Zone	Asia/Karachi	4:28:12 -	LMT	1907
 # one-hour forward at this time.  As a sign of independence from Israeli rule,
 # the PA has decided to implement DST in April.
 
-# These rules for Egypt are stolen from the `africa' file.
+# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):
+# Daoud Kuttab writes in
+# <a href="http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html">
+# Holiday havoc
+# </a> (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that
+# the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15.
+# I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source).
+# For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00,
+# and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October.
+
+# The rules for Egypt are stolen from the `africa' file.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule EgyptAsia	1957	only	-	May	10	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule EgyptAsia	1957	1958	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
@@ -939,18 +1023,23 @@ Rule EgyptAsia	1958	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule EgyptAsia	1959	1967	-	May	 1	1:00	1:00	S
 Rule EgyptAsia	1959	1965	-	Sep	30	3:00	0	-
 Rule EgyptAsia	1966	only	-	Oct	 1	3:00	0	-
+
+Rule Palestine	1999	max	-	Apr	Fri>=15	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule Palestine	1999	max	-	Oct	Fri>=15	0:00	0	-
+
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Gaza	2:17:52	-	LMT	1900 Oct
 			2:00	Zion	EET	1948 May 15
 			2:00 EgyptAsia	EE%sT	1967 Jun  5
 			2:00	Zion	I%sT	1996
-			2:00	Jordan	EE%sT
+			2:00	Jordan	EE%sT	1999
+			2:00 Palestine	EE%sT
 
 # Paracel Is
 # no information
 
 # Philippines
-# Howse writes (p 162) that until 1844 the Philippines kept American date.
+# Howse writes (p 153) that until 1844 the Philippines kept American date.
 # The rest of this data is from Shanks.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Phil	1936	only	-	Nov	1	0:00	1:00	S
@@ -994,12 +1083,11 @@ Zone	Asia/Singapore	6:55:24 -	LMT	1880
 
 # Sri Lanka
 # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
-# <a href="http://www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html">
-# Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout (1996-05-24)
-# </a>
+# "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout"
+# (www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html, 1996-05-24,
+# no longer available as of 1999-08-17)
 # reported ``the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at
 # midnight Friday (1830 GMT) `in the light of the present power crisis'.''
-# Transitions before 1996 are from Shanks (1995).
 #
 # From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted
 # by Shamindra in
@@ -1049,22 +1137,25 @@ Rule	Syria	1991	1992	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Syria	1992	only	-	Apr	 8	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Syria	1993	only	-	Mar	26	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Syria	1993	only	-	Sep	25	0:00	0	-
-# IATA SSIM (1996-09) says 1997-03-31; (1998-02) says 1998-04-02;
-# (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; ignore all these claims for now.
-Rule	Syria	1994	max	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
+# IATA SSIM (1998-02) says 1998-04-02;
+# (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; (1999-02) says 1999-04-02,
+# 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; (1999-09) says 2000-03-31 and 2001-03-31;
+# ignore all these claims and go with Shanks.
+Rule	Syria	1994	1996	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Syria	1994	max	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Syria	1997	1998	-	Mar	lastMon	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Syria	1999	max	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Damascus	2:25:12 -	LMT	1920
 			2:00	Syria	EE%sT
 
 # Tajikistan
-# From Shanks (1995), who writes ``date of change uncertain'' for 1991.
+# From Shanks.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Dushanbe	4:35:12 -	LMT	1924 May  2
 			5:00	-	DUST	1930 Jun 21 # Dushanbe Time
 			6:00 RussiaAsia DUS%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-			5:00	1:00	DUSST	1991 Sep  9 # independence
-			5:00 RussiaAsia	TJ%sT	1992
+			5:00	1:00	DUSST	1991 Sep  9 2:00s
 			5:00	-	TJT		    # Tajikistan Time
 
 # Thailand
@@ -1074,16 +1165,13 @@ Zone	Asia/Bangkok	6:42:04	-	LMT	1880
 			7:00	-	ICT
 
 # Turkmenistan
-# From Shanks (1995):
+# From Shanks.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Ashkhabad	3:53:32 -	LMT	1924 May  2 # or Ashgabat
 			4:00	-	ASHT	1930 Jun 21 # Ashkhabad Time
-			5:00	-	ASHT	1981 Apr  1
-			5:00	1:00	ASHST	1981 Oct  1
-			6:00	-	ASHT	1982 Apr  1
-			5:00 RussiaAsia	ASH%sT	1991
-			5:00	-	ASHT	1991 Oct 27 # independence
-			5:00 RussiaAsia	TM%sT	1993	# Turkmenistan Time
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	ASH%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00
+			4:00 RussiaAsia	ASH%sT	1991 Oct 27 # independence
+			4:00 RussiaAsia TM%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00
 			5:00	-	TMT
 
 # United Arab Emirates
@@ -1092,22 +1180,21 @@ Zone	Asia/Dubai	3:41:12 -	LMT	1920
 			4:00	-	GST
 
 # Uzbekistan
-# From Shanks (1995):
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Samarkand	4:27:12 -	LMT	1924 May  2
 			4:00	-	SAMT	1930 Jun 21 # Samarkand Time
 			5:00	-	SAMT	1981 Apr  1
 			5:00	1:00	SAMST	1981 Oct  1
 			6:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00 # Tashkent Time
-			5:00	-	TAST	1991 Sep  1 # independence
-			5:00	-	UZT	1992
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	TAS%sT	1991 Sep  1 # independence
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	UZ%sT	1992
 			5:00 RussiaAsia	UZ%sT	1993
 			5:00	-	UZT
 Zone	Asia/Tashkent	4:37:12 -	LMT	1924 May  2
 			5:00	-	TAST	1930 Jun 21 # Tashkent Time
 			6:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-			5:00	-	TAST	1991 Sep  1 # independence
-			5:00	-	UZT	1992
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	TAS%sT	1991 Sep  1 # independence
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	UZ%sT	1992
 			5:00 RussiaAsia	UZ%sT	1993
 			5:00	-	UZT
 
@@ -1115,7 +1202,7 @@ Zone	Asia/Tashkent	4:37:12 -	LMT	1924 May  2
 # From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1993-11-18):
 # Saigon's official name is Thanh-Pho Ho Chi Minh, but it's too long.
 # We'll stick with the traditional name for now.
-# From Shanks (1991):
+# From Shanks:
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Saigon	7:06:40 -	LMT	1906 Jun  9
 			7:06:20	-	SMT	1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
diff --git a/share/zoneinfo/australasia b/share/zoneinfo/australasia
index ac69dcf..9199b0d 100644
--- a/share/zoneinfo/australasia
+++ b/share/zoneinfo/australasia
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# @(#)australasia	7.45
+# @(#)australasia	7.56
 # This file also includes Pacific islands.
 # $FreeBSD$
 # Notes are at the end of this file
@@ -8,27 +8,26 @@
 # Australia
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-# Shanks gives 1917 Jan 1 0:01; go with Whitman (and guess 2:00).
-Rule	Aus	1916	only	-	Oct	 1	2:00	1:00	-
+Rule	Aus	1917	only	-	Jan	 1	0:01	1:00	-
 Rule	Aus	1917	only	-	Mar	25	2:00	0	-
 Rule	Aus	1942	only	-	Jan	 1	2:00	1:00	-
 Rule	Aus	1942	only	-	Mar	29	2:00	0	-
 Rule	Aus	1942	only	-	Sep	27	2:00	1:00	-
 Rule	Aus	1943	1944	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	0	-
 Rule	Aus	1943	only	-	Oct	 3	2:00	1:00	-
-# Whitman says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944, and that
-# 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944; go with Shanks.
+# Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which
+# says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944.  Ignore Whitman's claim that
+# 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944.
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 # Northern Territory
 Zone Australia/Darwin	 8:43:20 -	LMT	1895 Feb
 			 9:00	-	CST	1899 May
-			 9:30	-	CST	1917 Jan 1 0:01
 			 9:30	Aus	CST
 # Western Australia
 Zone Australia/Perth	 7:43:24 -	LMT	1895 Dec
-			 8:00	-	WST	1917 Jan 1 0:01
-			 8:00	Aus	WST	1974 Oct lastSun 2:00s
+			 8:00	Aus	WST	1943 Jul
+			 8:00	-	WST	1974 Oct lastSun 2:00s
 			 8:00	1:00	WST	1975 Mar Sun>=1 2:00s
 			 8:00	-	WST	1983 Oct lastSun 2:00s
 			 8:00	1:00	WST	1984 Mar Sun>=1 2:00s
@@ -49,19 +48,18 @@ Zone Australia/Perth	 7:43:24 -	LMT	1895 Dec
 # so use Lindeman.
 #
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
+Rule	AQ	1971	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
+Rule	AQ	1972	only	-	Feb	lastSun	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	AQ	1989	1991	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
 Rule	AQ	1990	1992	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	Holiday	1989	1993	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
-Rule	Holiday	1990	1994	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
+Rule	Holiday	1992	1993	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
+Rule	Holiday	1993	1994	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
 Zone Australia/Brisbane	10:12:08 -	LMT	1895
-			10:00	-	EST	1917 Jan 1 0:01
-			10:00	Aus	EST	1971 Oct lastSun 2:00s
-			10:00	1:00	EST	1972 Feb lastSun 2:00s
+			10:00	Aus	EST	1971
 			10:00	AQ	EST
 Zone Australia/Lindeman  9:55:56 -	LMT	1895
-			10:00	-	EST	1917 Jan 1 0:01
-			10:00	Aus	EST	1971 Oct lastSun 2:00s
-			10:00	1:00	EST	1972 Feb lastSun 2:00s
+			10:00	Aus	EST	1971
+			10:00	AQ	EST	1992 Jul
 			10:00	Holiday	EST
 
 # South Australia
@@ -78,47 +76,49 @@ Rule	AS	1995	max	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Australia/Adelaide	9:14:20 -	LMT	1895 Feb
 			9:00	-	CST	1899 May
-			9:30	-	CST	1917 Jan 1 0:01
-			9:30	Aus	CST	1971 Oct lastSun 2:00s
+			9:30	Aus	CST	1971
 			9:30	AS	CST
 
 # Tasmania
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	AT	1967	only	-	Oct	1	2:00s	1:00	-
-Rule	AT	1968	only	-	Mar	31	2:00s	0	-
+Rule	AT	1967	only	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	-
+Rule	AT	1968	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	AT	1968	1985	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
 Rule	AT	1969	1971	-	Mar	Sun>=8	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AT	1972	only	-	Feb	27	2:00s	0	-
+Rule	AT	1972	only	-	Feb	lastSun	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	AT	1973	1981	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	AT	1982	1983	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	AT	1984	1986	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AT	1986	only	-	Oct	19	2:00s	1:00	-
+Rule	AT	1986	only	-	Oct	Sun>=15	2:00s	1:00	-
 Rule	AT	1987	1990	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AT	1987	1990	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
-Rule	AT	1991	max	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	-
+Rule	AT	1987	only	-	Oct	Sun>=22	2:00s	1:00	-
+Rule	AT	1988	1990	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
+Rule	AT	1991	1999	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	-
 Rule	AT	1991	max	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	-
+Rule	AT	2000	only	-	Aug	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
+Rule	AT	2001	max	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Australia/Hobart	9:49:16	-	LMT	1895 Sep
-			10:00	-	EST	1917 Jan 1 0:01
-			10:00	Aus	EST	1967 Oct 1 2:00s
+			10:00	-	EST	1916 Oct 1 2:00
+			10:00	1:00	EST	1917 Feb
+			10:00	Aus	EST	1967
 			10:00	AT	EST
 
 # Victoria
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	AV	1971	1985	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
-Rule	AV	1972	only	-	Feb	27	2:00s	0	-
+Rule	AV	1972	only	-	Feb	lastSun	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	AV	1973	1985	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	AV	1986	1990	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AV	1986	only	-	Oct	19	2:00s	1:00	-
-Rule	AV	1987	1999	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
+Rule	AV	1986	1987	-	Oct	Sun>=15	2:00s	1:00	-
+Rule	AV	1988	1999	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
 Rule	AV	1991	1994	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	AV	1995	max	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AV	2000	only	-	Aug	27	2:00s	1:00	-
+Rule	AV	2000	only	-	Aug	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
 Rule	AV	2001	max	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 -	LMT	1895 Feb
-			10:00	-	EST	1917 Jan 1 0:01
-			10:00	Aus	EST	1971 Oct 31 2:00s
+			10:00	Aus	EST	1971
 			10:00	AV	EST
 
 # New South Wales
@@ -133,19 +133,18 @@ Rule	AN	1986	only	-	Oct	19	2:00s	1:00	-
 Rule	AN	1987	1999	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
 Rule	AN	1990	1995	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	AN	1996	max	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AN	2000	only	-	Aug	27	2:00s	1:00	-
+Rule	AN	2000	only	-	Aug	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
 Rule	AN	2001	max	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Australia/Sydney	10:04:52 -	LMT	1895 Feb
-			10:00	-	EST	1917 Jan 1 0:01
-			10:00	Aus	EST	1971 Oct 31 2:00s
+			10:00	Aus	EST	1971
 			10:00	AN	EST
 Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 -	LMT	1895 Feb
 			10:00	-	EST	1896 Aug 23
 			9:00	-	CST	1899 May
-			9:30	-	CST	1917 Jan 1 0:01
-			9:30	Aus	CST	1971 Oct 31 2:00s
-			9:30	AN	CST
+			9:30	Aus	CST	1971
+			9:30	AN	CST	2000
+			9:30	AS	CST
 
 # Lord Howe Island
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
@@ -154,9 +153,11 @@ Rule	LH	1982	1985	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	LH	1985	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	0:30	-
 Rule	LH	1986	1989	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	LH	1986	only	-	Oct	19	2:00s	0:30	-
-Rule	LH	1987	max	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	0:30	-
+Rule	LH	1987	1999	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	0:30	-
 Rule	LH	1990	1995	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	LH	1996	max	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	-
+Rule	LH	2000	only	-	Aug	lastSun	2:00s	0:30	-
+Rule	LH	2001	max	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	0:30	-
 Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 -	LMT	1895 Feb
 			10:00	-	EST	1981 Mar
 			10:30	LH	LHST
@@ -165,7 +166,7 @@ Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 -	LMT	1895 Feb
 #
 # Ashmore Is, Cartier
 # no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers
-# no information; probably like Australia/Perth
+# like Australia/Perth, says Turner
 #
 # Coral Sea Is
 # no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists
@@ -173,11 +174,8 @@ Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 -	LMT	1895 Feb
 #
 # Macquarie
 # permanent occupation (scientific station) since 1948;
-# sealing and penguin oil station operated 1888-1917
-# no information
-#
-# Manihiki, Penrhyn, Rakehanga
-# no information
+# sealing and penguin oil station operated 1888/1917
+# like Australia/Hobart, says Turner
 
 # Christmas
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
@@ -185,7 +183,7 @@ Zone Indian/Christmas	7:02:52 -	LMT	1895 Feb
 			7:00	-	CXT	# Christmas Island Time
 
 # Cook Is
-# From Shanks (1995):
+# From Shanks:
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Cook	1978	only	-	Nov	12	0:00	0:30	HS
 Rule	Cook	1979	1991	-	Mar	Sun>=1	0:00	0	-
@@ -263,8 +261,9 @@ Zone Pacific/Truk	10:07:08 -	LMT	1901
 Zone Pacific/Ponape	10:32:52 -	LMT	1901		# Kolonia
 			11:00	-	PONT			# Ponape Time
 Zone Pacific/Kosrae	10:51:56 -	LMT	1901
-			11:00	-	PONT	1969 Oct
-			12:00	-	KOST			# Kosrae Time
+			11:00	-	KOST	1969 Oct	# Kosrae Time
+			12:00	-	KOST	1999
+			11:00	-	KOST
 
 # Nauru
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
@@ -279,6 +278,7 @@ Zone	Pacific/Nauru	11:07:40 -	LMT	1921 Jan 15	# Uaobe
 Rule	NC	1977	1978	-	Dec	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	NC	1978	1979	-	Feb	27	0:00	0	-
 Rule	NC	1996	only	-	Dec	 1	2:00s	1:00	S
+# Shanks says the following was at 2:00; go with IATA.
 Rule	NC	1997	only	-	Mar	 2	2:00s	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Pacific/Noumea	11:05:48 -	LMT	1912 Jan 13
@@ -319,11 +319,13 @@ Zone Pacific/Chatham	12:45	Chatham	CHA%sT
 
 
 # Auckland Is
-# uninhabited
+# uninhabited; Maori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers,
+# and scientific personnel have wintered
 
 # Campbell I
-# minor whaling stations operated 1909-14
-# scientific station operated 1941-1995
+# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914
+# scientific station operated 1941/1995;
+# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered
 # was probably like Pacific/Auckland
 
 ###############################################################################
@@ -342,7 +344,7 @@ Zone	Pacific/Norfolk	11:11:52 -	LMT	1901		# Kingston
 			11:12	-	NMT	1951	# Norfolk Mean Time
 			11:30	-	NFT		# Norfolk Time
 
-# Palau
+# Palau (Belau)
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Palau	8:57:56 -	LMT	1901		# Koror
 			9:00	-	PWT	# Palau Time
@@ -356,7 +358,8 @@ Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 -	LMT	1880
 # Pitcairn
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Pitcairn	-8:40:20 -	LMT	1901		# Adamstown
-			-8:30	-	PNT	# Pitcairn Time
+			-8:30	-	PNT	1998 Apr 27 00:00
+			-8:00	-	PST	# Pitcairn Standard Time
 
 # American Samoa
 Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago	 12:37:12 -	LMT	1879 Jul  5
@@ -384,10 +387,14 @@ Zone	Pacific/Fakaofo	-11:24:56 -	LMT	1901
 			-10:00	-	TKT	# Tokelau Time
 
 # Tonga
+# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
+Rule	Tonga	1999	max	-	Oct	Sat>=1	2:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Tonga	2000	max	-	Apr	Sun>=16	2:00s	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Tongatapu	12:19:20 -	LMT	1901
-			12:20	-	TOT	1968 Oct # Tonga Time
-			13:00	-	TOT
+			12:20	-	TOT	1941 # Tonga Time
+			13:00	-	TOT	1999
+			13:00	Tonga	TO%sT
 
 # Tuvalu
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
@@ -452,12 +459,12 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
 # tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
 
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-11-22):
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-10-29):
 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
-# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (4th edition),
-# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1995).
+# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition),
+# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999).
 #
-# Gwillim Law <LAW@encmail.encompass.com> writes that a good source
+# Gwillim Law <Gwil_Law@bridge-point.com> writes that a good source
 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
 # published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
@@ -471,8 +478,7 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # I found in the UCLA library.
 #
 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
-# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and the discovery of the longitude,
-# Oxford University Press (1980).
+# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
 #
 # I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
@@ -489,6 +495,7 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 #	 12:45	CHAST CHADT Chatham*
 #	-11:00	SST	Samoa
 #	-10:00	HST	Hawaii
+#	- 8:00	PST	Pitcairn*
 #
 # See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii.
 # See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is.
@@ -497,6 +504,10 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 
 # Australia
 
+# <a href="http://www.dstc.qut.edu.au/DST/marg/daylight.html">
+# Australia's Daylight Saving Times
+# </a>, by Margaret Turner, summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia.
+
 # From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
 # We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time.
 # It is called `summer' time.  Now by a happy coincidence, `summer'
@@ -540,7 +551,7 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04)
 # </a>
 # ACT
-# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html">
+# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html">
 # Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972
 # </a>
 # SA
@@ -593,6 +604,11 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess;
 # it matches what was used in the past.
 
+# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm">
+# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ
+# </a> (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses
+# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia.
+
 # Queensland
 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
 # #   The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ]
@@ -704,66 +720,29 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 
 # Tasmania
 
-# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
-# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
-# ...Tasmania will revert to Australian Eastern Standard Time on March 31...
-
-# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
+# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd
+# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
 # #  The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ]
 # #					[ Nov 1990 ]
-# ...
-# Zone	Australia/Tasmania	10:00	AT	%sST
-# ...
-# Rule	AT	1967	only	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
-# Rule	AT	1968	only	-	Mar	lastSun	3:00	0	E
-# Rule	AT	1968	1985	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
-# Rule	AT	1969	1971	-	Mar	Sun>=8	3:00	0	E
-# Rule	AT	1972	only	-	Feb	lastSun	3:00	0	E
-# Rule	AT	1973	1981	-	Mar	Sun>=1	3:00	0	E
-# Rule	AT	1982	1983	-	Mar	lastSun	3:00	0	E
-# Rule	AT	1984	1986	-	Mar	Sun>=1	3:00	0	E
-# Rule	AT	1986	only	-	Oct	Sun>=15	2:00	1:00	D
-# Rule	AT	1987	1990	-	Mar	Sun>=15	3:00	0	E
-# Rule	AT	1987	only	-	Oct	Sun>=22	2:00	1:00	D
-# Rule	AT	1988	1990	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
-# Rule	AT	1991	max	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
-# Rule	AT	1991	max	-	Mar	lastSun	3:00	0	E
-
-# From Bill Hart via Alexander Dupuy and Guy Harris (1991-10-10):
-# My state Government in there eagerness to get a few more bucks for the
-# tourist industry industry decided to change the daylight savings times
-# yet again (we now have almost 6 months per year)...
-# ...
-# Rule  Oz      1986    1990    -       Oct     Sun<=24 2:00    1:00    -
-# Rule  Oz      1991    max     -       Oct     Sun>=1  2:00    1:00    -
-# ...
-# Rule  Oz      1987    1990    -       Mar     Sun<=21 3:00    0       -
-# Rule  Oz      1991    max     -       Mar     Sun<=31 3:00    0       -
 
 # From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10):
 # Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have
 # 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia
 # (but nothing new about that).
 
-# Victoria
+# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04):
+# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the
+# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard,
+# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria
+# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000
+# instead of the first Sunday in October.
 
-# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
-# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
-# ...Victoria...[has] agreed to end daylight saving at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
+# Victoria
 
-# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
+# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd
+# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
 # #   The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ]
 # #						[ Nov 1990 ]
-# ...
-# Zone	Australia/Victoria	10:00	AV	%sST
-# ...
-# Rule	AV	1971	1985	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
-# Rule	AV	1972	only	-	Feb	lastSun	3:00	0	E
-# Rule	AV	1973	1985	-	Mar	Sun>=1	3:00	0	E
-# Rule	AV	1986	1990	-	Mar	Sun>=15	3:00	0	E
-# Rule	AV	1986	1987	-	Oct	Sun>=15	2:00	1:00	D
-# Rule	AV	1988	max	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
-# Rule	AV	1991	max	-	Mar	Sun>=1	3:00	0	E
 
 # New South Wales
 
@@ -778,42 +757,65 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 #	legislation.  This is very important to understand.
 #	I have researched New South Wales time only...
 
-# From Dave Davey (1990-03-03):
-# Rule	NSW	1988	only	-	Mar	Sun>=1	3:00	0	-
-# Rule	NSW	1989	only	-	Mar	Sun<=21	3:00	0	-
-
-# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
-# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
-# NSW...[has] agreed to end daylight saving at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
-
-# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
-# # The state of NEW SOUTH WALES.. [confirmed by Attorney General's Dept N.S.W]
-# #					[ Dec 1990 ]
-# ...
-# Rule	 AN	1988	1989	-	Mar	Sun<=21	3:00	0	E
-# ...
-
-# From John Mackin (1991-03-09)
-# I have confirmed the accuracy of the historical data for NSW in the
-# file Robert forwarded
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
-# Sources differ on whether DST ended March 6 or March 20 in 1988;
-# March 20 (the "confirmed" date) is in the chosen rules.
+# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27):
+# The Information Service of the Australian National Standards Commission
+# <a href="http://www.nsc.gov.au/InfoServ/Ileaflet/il27.htm">
+# Daylight Saving
+# </a> page (1995-04) has an excellent overall history of Australian DST.
+# The Community Relations Division of the NSW Attorney General's Department
+# publishes a history of daylight saving in NSW.  See:
+# <a href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/crd.nsf/pages/time2">
+# Lawlink NSW: Daylight Saving in New South Wales
+# </a>
 
-# From Bradley White (1995-05-20):
-# Prem Bob Carr announced NSW will fall into line with other E states
-# and SA and continue daylight savings to the last Sun in Mar.
+# From Eric Ulevik <eau@ozemail.com.au> (1999-05-26):
+# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual
+# October in 2000.  [See: Matthew Moore,
+# <a href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html">
+# Two months more daylight saving
+# </a>
+# Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).]
 
-# From Eric Ulevik <eau@ozemail.com.au> (1997-06-12):
-# The NSW state government in Australia is talking about bringing the start
-# of daylight savings time forward in the year 2000 to cater for the Olympics.
-# This is going to take some time to be negotiated, because the plan is to do
-# this in multiple states due to soccer games (which are not just in Sydney).
+# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27):
+# See the following official NSW source:
+# <a href="http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ">
+# Daylight Saving in New South Wales.
+# </a>
+#
+# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of
+# daylight saving next year.  See:
+# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm">
+# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving
+# </a> (1999-07-22).  For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens.
+#
+# Victoria will following NSW.  See:
+# <a href="http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm">
+# Vic to extend daylight saving
+# </a> (1999-07-28).
+#
+# However, South Australia rejected the DST request.  See:
+# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm">
+# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request
+# </a> (1999-07-19).
+#
+# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics.  See:
+# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm">
+# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics
+# </a> (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying
+# ``Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time
+# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very
+# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of
+# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. 
+# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules.''
+#
+# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000.  See:
+# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm">
+# Broken Hill to be behind the times
+# </a> (1999-07-21).
 
 # IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian
 # Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken
-# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, due to the Sydney Olympics.
+# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics.
 
 # Yancowinna
 
@@ -844,16 +846,23 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an
 # hour ahead of NSW time.
 
-# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
-# For Lord Howe we use Shanks through 1991.
-# Lord Howe is part of NSW, so we'll guess it has used the same transition
-# times as NSW since 1991, even though Shanks writes that Lord Howe went
-# with Victoria when NSW and Victoria disagreed in 1982.
+# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27):
+# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same
+# date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27).  For your information the
+# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is
+# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time
+# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour
+# instead of only 30 minutes.  Dependant on the wishes of residents
+# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing
+# arrangements.  The starting date for summer time on the Island will
+# however always coincide with the rest of NSW.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-31):
+# For Lord Howe we use Shanks through 1989, and Lonergan thereafter.
 
 ###############################################################################
 
-# New Zealand, from Elz' asia 1.1
-# Elz says "no guarantees"
+# New Zealand
 
 # From Mark Davies (1990-10-03):
 # the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period.
@@ -886,25 +895,29 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March.
 # As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00.
 #
-# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
-# Shanks gives no data for Chatham; usno1989 says it's +12:45,
-# usno1995 says it's +12:45/+13:45, and IATA SSIM (1991/1996)
+# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
+# Shanks gives no time data for Chatham; usno1989 says it's +12:45,
+# usno1995 says it's +12:45/+13:45, and IATA SSIM (1991/1999)
 # gives the NZ rules but with transitions at 2:45 local standard time.
-# Guess that they adopted DST in 1990.
+# Guess that they have been in lock-step with NZ since 1990.
 
 ###############################################################################
 
+
 # Fiji
 
-# Howse writes (p 162) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji
-# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on +12:00.
-# Perhaps it didn't take.  We go with Shanks's more precise date in 1915.
+# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji
+# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time
+# instead of the American system (which was one day behind).
 
 # From Rives McDow (1998-10-08):
 # Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01
 # until 0300 local time 1999-02-28.  Each year the DST period will 
 # be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February.
 
+# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08):
+# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time.  Go with McDow.
+
 # From the BBC World Service (1998-10-31 11:32 UTC):
 # The Fijiian government says the main reasons for the time change is to
 # improve productivity and reduce road accidents.  But correspondents say it
@@ -912,10 +925,12 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # islands in the effort to attract tourists to witness the dawning of the new
 # millenium.
 
+
 # Johnston
 
 # Johnston data is from usno1995.
 
+
 # Kiribati
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
@@ -923,6 +938,7 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # ``declared it the same day throught the country as of Jan. 1, 1995''
 # as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century.
 
+
 # Kwajalein
 
 # In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes:
@@ -931,32 +947,160 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands,
 # going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink.
 
+
 # N Mariana Is, Guam
 
-# Howse writes (p 162) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the
+# Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the
 # Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones
 # (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time.
 # Ignore this for now, as we have no hard data.  See also Asia/Manila.
 
+
 # Micronesia
 
 # Alan Eugene Davis <adavis@kuentos.guam.net> writes (1996-03-16),
 # ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk"
 # (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.''
 #
-# Shanks writes that Truk switched from GMT+10 to GMT+11 on 1978-10-01;
+# Shanks writes that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11 on 1978-10-01;
 # ignore this for now.
 
+# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
+# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in
+# <a href="http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html">
+# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information
+# </a> (1999-01-26)
+# that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11.
+# We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now.
+
+
+# Pitcairn
+
+# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08):
+# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998
+# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time.  The Proclamation is as follows.
+#
+#	The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be
+#	Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known
+#	as Pitcairn Standard Time.
+#
+# ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several
+# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation
+# somehow in light of this proclamation.
+
+# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09):
+# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998
+# ... at midnight.
+
+# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave:
+# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as
+# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in
+# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago.
+
+
 # Samoa
 
-# Howse writes that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change
+# Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald)
+# that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change
 # ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system,
 # ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that
 # the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.''
 
+
 # Tonga
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting
 # to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.''
 # Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do.
+
+# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle
+# <a href="http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm">
+# How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins'
+# </a>:
+
+# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST
+# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT.  When New Zealand adjusted its
+# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its
+# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of
+# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees
+# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time).
+#
+# Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince
+# Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time
+# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change.
+#
+# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer
+# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40
+# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40
+# minutes we have lost?"
+#
+# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that
+# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth
+# to say your prayers in the morning."
+
+# From Paul Eggert (1999-08-12):
+# Shanks says the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell.
+
+# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03):
+# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millenium
+# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front.
+# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from
+# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan
+# Government.
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen [straen@thorsen.priv.no] (1999-09-09):
+# * Tonga will introduce DST in November
+# 
+# I was given this link by John Letts <johnletts@earthlink.net>:
+# <a hef="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm">
+# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm
+# </a>
+# 
+# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November
+# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead
+# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead
+# (12 + 1 hour DST).
+
+# From Arthur David Olson [arthur_david_olson@nih.gov] (1999-09-20):
+# According to <a href="http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html>
+# http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html
+# </a>:
+# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 
+# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the 
+# third Saturday of April.  Under the system approved by Privy Council on 
+# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and 
+# set back an hour on the closing date."
+# Alas, no indication of the time of day.
+
+# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06):
+# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am.
+# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning.
+
+
+###############################################################################
+
+# The International Date Line
+
+# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03):
+# 
+# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard,
+# convention, or treaty.  Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please.
+# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on
+# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there.
+#
+# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and
+# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL
+# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most
+# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati.  Even that line
+# has a rather arbitrary nature.  The straight-line boundaries between Pacific
+# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international
+# convention, but are not legally binding national borders.
+#
+# An Anglo-French Conference on Time-Keeping at Sea (June, 1917) agreed that
+# legal time on the high seas would be zone time, i.e., the standard time at
+# the nearest meridian that is a multiple of fifteen degrees.  The date is
+# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some
+# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC.  And, since the IDL is not
+# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the
+# correct date is ambiguous.
diff --git a/share/zoneinfo/europe b/share/zoneinfo/europe
index 98f4658..6ced789 100644
--- a/share/zoneinfo/europe
+++ b/share/zoneinfo/europe
@@ -1,22 +1,23 @@
-# @(#)europe	7.58
+# @(#)europe	7.71
+# $FreeBSD$
 
 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
 # tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
 
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-11-22):
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-10-29):
 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
-# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (4th edition),
-# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1995).
+# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition),
+# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999).
 #
-# Gwillim Law <LAW@encmail.encompass.com> writes that a good source
+# Gwillim Law <Gwil_Law@bridge-point.com> writes that a good source
 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
 # published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
 # of the IATA's data after 1990.
 #
-# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1990,
-# and IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
+# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1991,
+# and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
 #
 # Other sources occasionally used include:
 #
@@ -46,8 +47,7 @@
 #	 3:00	MSK MSD	Moscow
 #
 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones, especially in Britain,
-# is Derek Howse, Greenwich time and the discovery of the longitude,
-# Oxford University Press (1980).
+# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
 
 # From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-12-04),
 # The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy,
@@ -74,7 +74,6 @@
 ###############################################################################
 
 # Britain (United Kingdom) and Ireland (Eire)
-# The UK and its colonies adopted the Gregorian calendar on 1752-09-14.
 
 # From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-07-06):
 #
@@ -102,31 +101,32 @@
 # Howse writes that Britain was the first country to use standard time.
 # The railways cared most about the inconsistencies of local mean time,
 # and it was they who forced a uniform time on the country.
-# The original idea was credited to Dr. William Hyde Wollaston (1766-1828);
-# it was popularized in 1840 by Capt. Basil Hall, RN (1788-1844),
-# famed explorer and former Commissioner for Longitude.
+# The original idea was credited to Dr. William Hyde Wollaston (1766-1828)
+# and was popularized by Abraham Follett Osler (1808-1903).
 # The first railway to adopt London time was the Great Western Railway
 # in November 1840; other railways followed suit, and by 1847 most
-# (though not all) railways used London time.  On 1847 Sep 22 the
+# (though not all) railways used London time.  On 1847-09-22 the
 # Railway Clearing House, an industry standards body, recommended that GMT be
-# adopted at all stations; the January 1848 Bradshaw's lists most major
+# adopted at all stations as soon as the General Post Office permitted it.
+# The transition occurred on 12-01 for the L&NW, the Caledonian,
+# and presumably other railways; the January 1848 Bradshaw's lists many
 # railways as using GMT.  By 1855 the vast majority of public
-# clocks in Britain were set to GMT (though some, like the Great Clock
-# in Tom Tower at Christ Church, Oxford, were fitted with two minute hands,
+# clocks in Britain were set to GMT (though some, like the great clock
+# on Tom Tower at Christ Church, Oxford, were fitted with two minute hands,
 # one for local time and one for GMT).  The last major holdout was the legal
 # system, which stubbornly stuck to local time for many years, leading
 # to oddities like polls opening at 08:13 and closing at 16:13.
 # The legal system finally switched to GMT when the Statutes (Definition
-# of Time) Act took effect; it received the Royal Assent on 1880 Aug 2.
+# of Time) Act took effect; it received the Royal Assent on 1880-08-02.
 #
 # In the tables below, we condense this complicated story into a single
-# transition date for London, namely 1847 Sep 22.  We don't know as much
-# about Dublin, so we use 1880 Aug 2, the legal transition time.
+# transition date for London, namely 1847-12-01.  We don't know as much
+# about Dublin, so we use 1880-08-02, the legal transition time.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1999-01-30):
 # Summer Time was first seriously proposed by William Willett (1857-1915),
 # a London builder and member of the Royal Astronomical Society
-# who circulated a pamphlet ``Waste of Daylight'' (1907)
+# who circulated a pamphlet ``The Waste of Daylight'' (1907)
 # that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April,
 # and retarding them by the same amount on four Sundays in September.
 # A bill was drafted in 1909 and introduced in Parliament several times,
@@ -156,558 +156,22 @@
 # time of sunrise and sunset in The Times, when BDST was in effect, and
 # if you find a zone reference it will say, "All times B.D.S.T."
 
-# From Peter Ilieve <peter@aldie.co.uk> (1998-04-19):
-# The following list attempts to show the complete history of Summer Time
-# legislation in the United Kingdom, and has quite a bit to say about
-# the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands as well.
-#
-# Things that I have not personally seen are marked (???). Things that
-# I haven't seen but Joseph Myers has are marked (jsm). The problem
-# with finding old Orders (rather than Acts) is that nobody seems to
-# keep the actual documents themselves, not even the Government. They
-# get bound into annual volumes, which are published, but by the time
-# this happens the Orders are mainly spent as the years they refer
-# to have come and gone, so they don't get included in the annual
-# volumes.
-#
-# Thanks are due to my learned legal friend Lorna Montgomerie, who dug out
-# the dusty old statutes, to Melanie Allison of the Ministry of Defence,
-# who provided the wartime regulations and a snippet of Hansard explaining
-# why double summer time started on a Monday in 1945 (it was Easter),
-# and to Joseph Myers <jsm28@cam.ac.uk>, who tracked down the Orders
-# up to 1945, some of the old Acts, and the first five EC Directives.
-#
-# Some definitions:
-#
-# Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wales
-# United Kingdom: Great Britain plus Ireland (up to 1922) or Northern
-# Ireland (since 1922)
-# S.I.: Statutory Instrument, the modern name for secondary legislation
-# S.R.&O.: Statutory Rules and Orders, the older name for secondary legislation
-#
-# Unless otherwise specified, Acts and secondary legislation are assumed
-# to apply throughout the United Kingdom, but not to the Isle of Man
-# or the Channel Islands.
-#
-# Some of the Acts and Orders I found in various libraries, and I don't
-# have copies. When I looked at them I was looking for dates and not things
-# like whether they applied to the Bailiwick of Jersey. I will try to
-# check these documents again.
-#
-# ---
-#
-# - The Statutes (Definition of Time) Act, 1880 (43 & 44 Vict. c. 9)
-#
-# Defined Greenwich mean time to be the standard time in Great Britain
-# and Dublin mean time to be the standard time in Ireland, superseding
-# various forms of local mean time.
-#
-# - The Statutory Time Act, 1883 (???)
-#
-# An Act of Tynwald, the Isle of Man Parliament. It appears to have
-# defined the standard time on the Isle of Man as GMT but as I haven't
-# seen it I don't know if it used Greenwich mean time, some other definition,
-# or just said that Isle of Man time would be the same as in Great Britain.
-#
-# - The Isle of Man (War Legislation) Act, 1914 (4 & 5 Geo. 5. c. 62)
-#
-# Gives the power, by Order in Council, to extend wartime legislation
-# to the Isle of Man.
-#
-# - The Summer Time Act, 1916 (6 & 7 Geo. 5. c. 14)
-#
-# Introduced Summer Time for the first time, in Great Britain and Ireland.
-# Specified a one hour offset from GMT (DMT in Ireland), dates of
-# Sunday 21 May and Sunday 1 October and times of 02:00 (GMT/DMT).
-# Gave a power to make Orders in subsequent years, for the duration
-# of the then current war.
-#
-# - The Time (Ireland) Act, 1916 (6 & 7 Geo. 5. c. 45)
-#
-# This abolished Dublin mean time at 02:00 DMT on Sunday 1 October 1916,
-# bringing the whole of the United Kingdom onto GMT. As Ireland was behind
-# GMT/BST at 02:00 DMT on 1 Oct Great Britain had already put the clocks back.
-# Using Paul Eggert's suggestion of IST for Irish Summer Time and the figure
-# derived from Whitman for the offset of IST from GMT (00:34:39) the sequence
-# would have been:
-# Dublin        London
-# 02:34:38 IST  02:59:59 BST
-# 02:34:39 IST  02:00:00 GMT
-# 02:59:59 IST  02:25:20 GMT
-# 02:25:21 GMT  02:25:21 GMT
-# with the transition 03:00:00 IST -> 02:00:00 DMT -> 02:25:21 GMT all at once.
-#
-# - S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382
-#
-# An Order made under the Isle of Man (War Legislation) Act, 1914
-# extending the Summer Time Act, 1916 to the Isle of Man. Dated
-# 23 May 1916, two days after the start of Summer Time, but it says that
-# the Act is deemed to have taken effect in the Isle of Man at the same
-# time as it took effect in the United Kingdom.
-#
-# - S.R.&O. 1917, No. 362
-#
-# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1916 giving dates
-# for Summer Time in 1917 of Sunday 8 April to Monday 17 September,
-# both at 02:00 GMT. Note that Summer Time ends on a Monday.
-#
-# - S.R.&O. 1917, No. 358
-#
-# An Order made under the Summer Time (Isle of Man) Act, 1916
-# (the thing created by S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382) specifying the same
-# dates of 8 April to 17 September, at 02:00 GMT for the Isle of Man.
-#
-# - S.R.&O. 1918, No. 274
-#
-# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1916 giving dates
-# for Summer Time in 1918 of Sunday 24 March to Monday 30 September,
-# both at 02:00 GMT.
-#
-# - S.R.&O. 1918, No. 429
-#
-# The matching Isle of Man Order for 1918 with the same dates and times.
-#
-# - The Termination of the Present War (Definition) Act, 1918
-#   (8 & 9 Geo. 5. c. 59)
-#
-# This gave power to specify a legal end date for the war just ended,
-# which would affect things like the Summer Time Act, 1916, which applied
-# only in wartime. This date was to be close to the date of formal
-# ratification of the treaty or treaties of peace.
-#
-# - S.R.&O. 1919, No. 297
-#
-# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1916 giving dates
-# for Summer Time in 1919 of Sunday 30 March to Monday 29 September,
-# both at 02:00 GMT.
-#
-# - S.R.&O. 1919, No. 366
-#
-# The matching Isle of Man Order for 1919 with the same dates and times.
-#
-# - S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458
-#
-# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1916 giving dates
-# for Summer Time in 1920 of Sunday 28 March to Monday 27 September,
-# both at 02:00 GMT.
-#
-# - S.R.&O. 1920, No. 573
-#
-# The matching Isle of Man Order for 1920 with the same dates and times.
-#
-# - S.R.&O. 1920, No. 1844
-#
-# An Order modifying both S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458 and S.R.&O. 1920, No. 573 to
-# change the end date for Summer Time from Monday 27 September to
-# Monday 25 October (the time remaining 02:00 GMT). The 1989 Green
-# Paper (Cm 722) says this was done because of a coal strike.
-#
-# - The War Emergency Laws (Continuance) Act, 1920 (10 Geo. 5. c. 5)
-#
-# This extends the power to make Orders under the Summer Time Act, 1916
-# for a period of 12 months after the termination of the war.
-# Came into force on 31 March 1920. Although the war had been over for more
-# than 12 months by then the legal end date had not yet been set.
-#
-# - S.R.&O. 1921, No. 363
-#
-# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1916 and the War
-# Emergency Laws (Continuance) Act, 1920 giving dates for Summer Time
-# in 1921 of Sunday 3 April to Monday 3 October, both at 02:00 GMT.
-#
-# - S.R.&O. 1921, No. 364
-#
-# The matching Isle of Man Order for 1921 with the same dates and times.
-#
-# - S.R.&O. 1922, No. 264
-#
-# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1916 and the War
-# Emergency Laws (Continuance) Act, 1920 giving dates for Summer Time
-# in 1921 of Sunday 26 March to Sunday 8 October, both at 02:00 GMT.
-# It also mentions the arrangements for defining the legal end date
-# for the late war. An Order was made on 10 August 1921, under the
-# Termination of the Present War (Definition) Act, 1918, setting
-# a date of 31 August 1921. This means the powers of the Summer Time
-# Act, 1916 would finally expire on 31 August 1922.
-#
-# - S.R.&O. 1922, No. 290 (???)
-#
-# This is probably the matching Isle of Man Order.
-#
-# - The Summer Time Act, 1922 (12 & 13 Geo. 5. c. 22)
-#
-# This specifies an offset of 1 hour and dates of the day after the third
-# Saturday in April, unless that be Easter, in which case it is the day after
-# the second Saturday, and the day after the third Saturday in September.
-# The time is 02:00 GMT. It applied in 1922 and 1923, and longer if Parliament
-# so approved. It applied to the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands as well.
-# Came into Force on 20 July 1920. Note the reversion to ending on a Sunday.
-#
-# - S.R.&O. 1922, No. 1205
-#
-# An Order made under the War Emergency Laws (Continuance) Act, 1920
-# dated 13 October 1922. It revokes (among other things) the Order extending
-# the Summer Time Act, 1916 to the Isle of Man.
-#
-# - The Expiring Laws Continuance Act, 1923 (13 & 14 Geo. 5. c. 37)
-#
-# This extended the Summer Time Act, 1922 (among other things) until
-# 31 December 1924.
-#
-# - The Expiring Laws Continuance Act, 1924 (15 Geo. 5. c. 1) (jsm)
-#
-# This further extended the Summer Time Act, 1922 (among other things) until
-# 31 December 1925.
-#
-# - The Time Act (Northern Ireland), 1924 (14 & 15 Geo. 5. c. 24 (N.I.))
-#
-# This Act says that while it remains in force, any Act or Order relating
-# to the time for general purposes in Great Britain shall also apply
-# in Northern Ireland, and the Time (Ireland) Act, 1916 shall have effect
-# accordingly.
-#
-# - The Summer Time Act, 1925 (15 & 16 Geo. 5. c. 64)
-#
-# This makes the 1922 Act permanent, with a change to the end date to the
-# day after the first Saturday in October. Came into force on 7 August 1925.
-#
-# - The Emergency Powers (Defence) Act, 1939 (2 & 3 Geo. 6. c. 62) (???)
-#
-# I haven't seen this one. It presumably gave the Government powers to
-# do all manner of things during the newly started war.
-#
-# - The Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939, S.R.&O. 1939, No. 1379
-#
-# These were made under the Emergency Powers (Defence) Act, 1939.
-# They change the end date to be the day after the third Saturday in November.
-#
-# - S.R.&O. 1940, No. 172
-#
-# An Order in Council amending the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939.
-# It changed the start date to the day after the fourth Saturday in February
-# (ie. 25 Feb 1940).
-#
-# - S.R.&O. 1940, No. 1883
-#
-# Another Order amending the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939.
-# This continues summer time throughout the year after it starts in 1940.
-#
-# - S.R.&O. 1941, No. 476
-#
-# Another Order amending the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939.
-# This introduces double summer time, starting at 01:00 GMT on the day after
-# the first Saturday in May and ending at 01:00 GMT on the day after the
-# second Saturday in August, offset another hour from normal summer time,
-# which continues throughout the rest of the year.
-#
-# - S.R.&O. 1942, No. 506
-#
-# Another Order amending the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939.
-# This changes the start date of Double Summer Time to the day after the first
-# Saturday in April, bringing it forward from May.
-#
-# - S.R.&O. 1944, No. 932
-#
-# Another Order amending the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939.
-# This changed the end date of Double Summer Time to the day after the
-# third Saturday in September (ie. 17 September 1944).
-#
-# - S.R.&O. 1945, No. 312
-#
-# Another Order amending the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939.
-# This changes the start and end dates of Double Summer Time to the
-# day after the first Sunday in April and the day after the second Saturday
-# in July (ie. Mon 2 April to Sun 15 July).
-#
-# I have this quote from Hansard (the official record of the United Kingdom
-# Parliament), Oral Answers, 1 March 1945, cols 1559--60, explaining the
-# unusual start on a Monday:
-#
-#  `58. Major Sir Goronwy Owen asked the Secretary of State for the Home
-#   Department if he is now able to state the Government's proposals
-#   regarding double summer time.
-#
-#   [two other similar questions omitted]
-#
-#   Mr. H. Morrison: The Government, in reviewing the matter, have
-#   considered, [...] the conclusion has been reached that the adoption of
-#   double summer time from the beginning of April is essential to the
-#   maintenance of the war effort. [...] As 1st April is Easter Sunday,
-#   when very early services are held in many churches, it is proposed that
-#   double summer time shall start not in the night preceding Easter
-#   Sunday, but in the night of Sunday-Monday so that it will operate from
-#   Monday, 2nd April.'
-#
-# - S.R.&O. 1945, No. 1208
-#
-# An Order under the Emergency Powers (Defence) Acts, 1939 and 1940 revoking
-# a long list of things, including the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939.
-# This meant that Summer Time reverted to being set by the 1922 and 1925 Acts.
-# It was made on 28 September, early enough to end Summer Time on the
-# date defined by the 1925 Act: 7 October.
-#
-# - The Summer Time Act, 1947 (10 & 11 Geo. 6. c. 16)
-#
-# Came into force on 11 March 1947. Amended the Summer Time Acts, 1922 and
-# 1925 to change the dates of Summer Time and to introduce Double Summer Time
-# (although it doesn't give this, or any, name for this period of 2 hour
-# offset from GMT). Dates are given for 1947 only and are: 02:00 GMT Sunday
-# 16 March, 01:00 GMT Sunday 13 April, 01:00 GMT Sunday 10 August, and 02:00
-# Sunday 2 November. It gave a power to make Orders for subsequent years,
-# both to vary the dates and to continue Double Summer Time. It applied
-# to the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands.
-#
-# - Summer Time Order, 1948 (S.I. 1948/495)
-#
-# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1947. Gave dates for 1948 of
-# 14 March and 31 October, both at 02:00 GMT.
-#
-# Although the 1947 Act had legislated for Double Summer Time, this was
-# not continued after 1947.
-#
-# - Summer Time Order, 1949 (S.I. 1949/373)
-#
-# Another Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1947. Gave dates for 1949
-# of 3 April and 30 October, both at 02:00 GMT.
-#
-# - Summer Time Order, 1950 (S.I. 1950/518)
-#
-# Another Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1947. Gave dates for 1950
-# of 16 April and 22 October, both at 02:00 GMT.
-#
-# - Summer Time Order, 1951 (S.I. 1951/430)
-#
-# Another Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1947. Gave dates for 1951
-# of 15 April and 21 October, both at 02:00 GMT.
-#
-# - Summer Time Order, 1952 (S.I. 1952/451)
-#
-# Another Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1947. Gave dates for 1952
-# of 20 April and 26 October, both at 02:00 GMT.
-#
-# This is the last of this run of Orders, so for 1953 things reverted
-# to the 1922 and 1925 Acts.
-#
-# - The Interpretation Act (Northern Ireland), 1954 (1954 c. 33 (N.I.)) (???)
-#
-# I presume that section 39 of this Act is similar to section 9 of the
-# Interpretation Act, 1978 (listed below) in specifying GMT as the
-# legal time in Northern Ireland, replacing the Time (Ireland) Act, 1916.
-#
-# - Summer Time Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/71)
-#
-# Specified dates of 26 March and 29 October (02:00 GMT) for 1961
-#
-# - Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/2465)
-#
-# Specified dates of 25 March to 28 October (02:00 GMT) for 1962.
-#
-# - Summer Time Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/81)
-#
-# Specified dates of 31 March to 27 October (02:00 GMT) for 1963.
-#
-# - Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/2101)
-#
-# Specified dates of 22 March to 25 October (02:00 GMT) for 1964.
-#
-# - Summer Time Order, 1964 (S.I. 1964/1201)
-#
-# Specified dates for three years (all 02:00 GMT):
-#   1965: 21 March to 24 October
-#   1966: 20 March to 23 October
-#   1967: 19 March to 29 October
-#
-# - Summer Time Order, 1967 (S.I. 1967/1148)
-# - Summer Time Order, 1968 (S.I. 1968/117)
-#
-# The first of these specifies dates for 1968 of 18 February for the United
-# Kingdom but 7 April for the Isle of Man, both ending on 27 October,
-# all at 02:00 GMT. The second Order changes the Isle of Man start date
-# to 18 February to match the United Kingdom.
-#
-# - The British Standard Time Act 1968 (1968 c. 45)
-#
-# This came into force on 27 October 1968 and continued summer time throughout
-# the year. It expired at 02:00 GMT on 31 October 1971, as specified in the
-# Act, as Parliament did not move to make this experment permanent.
-# It applied to the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands.
-#
-# Interestingly, it says baldly `This Act shall come into force on
-# 27 October 1968', without giving a time. As S1 of the Act merely
-# stated that `The time for general purposes in the United Kingdom
-# (to be known as British standard time) shall be one hour in
-# advance of Greenwich mean time throughout the year; ...' you could
-# possibly argue that the start time of BStandardT was 00:00 1968-10-27,
-# especially as the Act repealed the Summer Time Acts 1916--1947 in toto,
-# thereby destroying the authority of the Summer Time Order specifying
-# summer time in 1968.
-#
-# - The Manx Time Act 1968
-#
-# This is an Act of Tynwald (the Isle of Man Parliament) that said that
-# henceforth Manx time would be the same as the time in Great Britain.
-#
-# - The Summer Time Act 1972 (1972 c. 6)
-#
-# This specified a reversion to normal Summer Time behaviour with a start
-# date of the day after the third Saturday in March, unless that is Easter,
-# when it is the day after the second Saturday, and an end date of the day
-# after the fourth Saturday in October. Times are at 02:00 GMT, offset is
-# 1 hour. It gives the power to make Orders to vary these dates and
-# times. This Act is still in force and is the legal authority for
-# implementing the EC Directives in the United Kingdom.
-#
-# - The Interpretation Act 1978 (1978 c. 30)
-#
-# Section 9 of this Act replaces section 1 of the Statutes (Definition of
-# Time) Act, 1880 with very similar wording maintaining GMT as the legal
-# time in Great Britain. This does not apply in Northern Ireland (it
-# has its own Interpretation Act listed above).
-#
-# - Council Directive of 22 July 1980 on summertime arrangements (80/737/EEC)
-#
-# The first of the European Directives on Summer Time. It specified start
-# dates for 1981 and 1982. No agreement had been reached on end dates.
-# Only dates were given, there was no rule like `last Sunday in March'.
-# The main change for the United Kingdom was a move to a 01:00 GMT change
-# time. The dates:
-#   1981: 29 March
-#   1982: 28 March
-#
-# - Summer Time Order, 1980 (S.I. 1980/1089)
-#
-# Specified dates for 1981 and 1982, with the start dates as in the
-# EC Directive and all times 01:00 GMT:
-#   1981: 29 March to 25 October
-#   1982: 28 March to 24 October
-#
-# - Second Council Directive of 10 June 1982 on summertime arrangements
-#   (82/399/EEC)
-#
-# The next European Directive. Specified dates for three years, 1983 to 1985.
-# Agreement still hadn't been reached on a common end date, and wouldn't
-# be until 1994 with the appeareance of the seventh Directive with a common
-# date for 1996 and beyond, but this time the Directive gave two sets of
-# end dates. The start date was specified by rule: the last Sunday in March.
-# All times were 01:00 GMT. The end dates were given without rule, as:
-#   1983: 25 September or 23 October
-#   1984: 30 September or 28 october
-#   1985: 29 September or 27 October
-#
-# - Summer Time Order, 1982 (S.I. 1982/1673)
-#
-# Implemented the second EC Directive, using the October end dates.
-#   1983: 27 March to 23 October
-#   1984: 25 March to 28 october
-#   1985: 31 March to 27 October
-#
-# - Third Council Directive of 12 December 1984 on summertime arrangements
-#   (84/634/EEC)
-#
-# Specified start dates of the last Sunday in March and two sets of end
-# dates, last Sunday in September and fourth Sunday in October, all at
-# 01:00 GMT. The end dates were also specified as dates:
-#   1986: 28 September or 26 October
-#   1987: 27 September or 25 October
-#   1988: 25 September or 23 October
-#
-# - Summer Time Order, 1986 (S.I. 1986/223)
-#
-# Implemented the third EC Directive, using the October end dates.
-#   1986: 30 March to 26 October
-#   1987: 29 March to 25 October
-#   1988: 27 March to 23 October
-#
-# - Council Directive of 20 December 1985 amending Directive 84/634/EEC
-#   on summertime arrangements (85/582/EEC)
-#
-# This was to do with the accession of Spain and Portugal to the EEC.
-# The previous directve had used wording like `Member States belonging
-# to the zero (Greenwich) time zone' when refering to the different
-# sets of end dates. Portugal was in that time zone but was not going
-# to follow the United Kingdom and Ireland dates, so the text was reworded
-# without any change to the dates themselves.
-#
-# - Fourth Council Directive of 22 December 1987 on summertime arrangements
-#   (88/14/EEC)
-#
-# This Directive covered only a single year: 1989. My guess is that
-# this was because 1989 was one of the years when the historic United Kingdom
-# end date of the Sunday after the fourth Saturday in October differed from
-# the rule in the previous Directive of the fourth Sunday in October.
-# All times are 01:00 GMT. No rule was specified, specific dates were given:
-#   1989: 26 March to 24 September or 29 October
-#
-# - Summer Time Order, 1988 (S.I. 1988/931)
-#
-# Implemented the dates of 26 March to 29 October for 1989.
-#
-# - Fifth Council Directive of 21 December 1988 on summertime arrangements
-#   (89/47/EEC)
-#
-# Covered the three years 1990 to 1992. All times are 01:00 GMT. Gave both
-# rules (last Sunday in March, last Sunday in September or fourth Sunday
-# in October) and specific dates:
-#   1990: 25 March to 30 September or 28 October
-#   1991: 31 March to 29 September or 27 October
-#   1992: 29 March to 27 September or 25 October
-#
-# - Summer Time Order, 1989 (S.I. 1989/985)
-#
-# Implemented the fifth Directive using the October end dates.
-#
-# - Sixth Council Directive 92/20/EEC of 26 March 1992 on summertime
-#   arrangements
-#
-# Covered the two years 1993 and 1994. All times are 01:00 GMT. Specified
-# both rules (same as the fifth Directive) and specific dates:
-#   1993: 28 March to 26 September or 24 October
-#   1994: 27 March to 25 September or 23 October
-#
-# - Summer Time Order, 1992 (S.I. 1992/1729)
-#
-# Implemented the sixth Directive using the October end dates.
-#
-# - Seventh Directive 94/21/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council
-#   of 30 May 1994 on summer-time arrangements
-#
-# Covered the three years 1995 to 1997. Agreement had finally been reached
-# on a common end date, to start in 1996. Both rules and dates were given.
-# The rules were the same last Sunday in March to last Sunday in September
-# or fourth Sunday in October for 1995, with the end rule changing to the
-# last Sunday in October for 1996 and 1997. The year 1995 was another of
-# the tricky ones where the EC and traditional United Kingdom rules differed
-# but this time the UK changed on the fourth Sunday, 22 October, earlier
-# than usual. All times are 01:00 GMT. Specific dates were also given:
-#   1995: 26 March to 24 September or 22 October
-#   1996: 31 March to 27 October
-#   1997: 30 March to 26 October
-#
-# - Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798)
-#
-# Implements the seventh Directive using the October end date in 1995.
-# Applies also to the Bailiwick of Guernsey but not to the Bailiwick of
-# Jersey or the Isle of Man, which have their own (unspecified) legislation
-# on the subject.
-#
-# - Eighth Directive 97/44/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council
-#   of 22 July 1997 on summer-time arrangements
-#
-# Covers four years: 1998 to 2001. All times are 01:00 GMT. Specifies both
-# rules, last Sunday in March and last Sunday in October, and specific dates:
-#   1998: 29 March to 25 October
-#   1999: 28 March to 31 October
-#   2000: 26 March to 29 October
-#   2001: 25 March to 28 October
-#
-# <a href="http://www.hmso.gov.uk/si/si1997/97298201.htm">
-# - Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982)
-# </a>
-#
-# Implements the eighth Directive. Has the same text about the Isle of Man,
-# Guernsey and Jersey as the 1994 Order.
+# From Joseph S. Myers (1999-09-02):
+# ... some military cables (WO 219/4100 - this is a copy from the
+# main SHAEF archives held in the US National Archives, SHAEF/5252/8/516)
+# agree that the usage is BDST (this appears in a message dated 17 Feb 1945).
+
+# Howse writes (p 157) `DBST'; let's assume this is a typo.
 
-# From Joseph S. Myers <jsm28@hermes.cam.ac.uk> (1998-01-06):
+# Peter Ilieve <peter@aldie.co.uk> (1998-04-19) described at length
+# the history of summer time legislation in the United Kingdom.
+# Since 1998 Joseph S. Myers <jsm28@cam.ac.uk> has been updating
+# and extending this list, which can be found in
+# <a href="http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/">
+# History of legal time in Britain
+# </a> (2000-02-12).
+
+# From Joseph S. Myers <jsm28@cam.ac.uk> (1998-01-06):
 #
 # The legal time in the UK outside of summer time is definitely GMT, not UTC;
 # see Lord Tanlaw's speech
@@ -715,19 +179,11 @@
 # (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976)
 # </a>.
 
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-06-12):
+# From Paul Eggert (2000-02-17):
 #
-# The date `20 April 1924' in the table of ``Summer Time: A
-# Consultation Document'' (Cm 722, 1989) table is a transcription error;
-# 20 April was an Easter Sunday.  Shanks has 13 April, the correct date.
-# Also, the table is not quite right for 1925 through 1938; the correct rules
-# (which Shanks uses) are given in the Summer Time Acts of 1922 and 1925.
-# Shanks and the UK Government paper disagree about the Apr 1956 transition;
-# since we have no other data, and since Shanks was correct in the other
-# points of disagreement about London, we'll believe Shanks for now.
-# Also, for lack of other data, we'll follow Shanks for Eire in 1940-1948.
+# For lack of other data, we'll follow Shanks for Eire in 1940-1948.
 #
-# Given Peter Ilieve's comments, the following claims by Shanks are incorrect:
+# Given Ilieve and Myers's data, the following claims by Shanks are incorrect:
 #     * Wales did not switch from GMT to daylight saving time until
 #	1921 Apr 3, when they began to conform with the rest of Great Britain.
 # Actually, Wales was identical after 1880.
@@ -739,16 +195,33 @@
 # Actually, that date saw the usual switch to summer time.
 # Standard time was not changed until 1968-10-27 (the clocks didn't change).
 #
-# The following claims by Shanks are possible though doubtful;
-# we'll ignore them for now.
+# Here is another incorrect claim by Shanks: 
 #     * Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man did not switch from GMT
 #	to daylight saving time until 1921 Apr 3, when they began to
 #	conform with Great Britain.
+# S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382 and HO 45/10811/312364 (quoted above) say otherwise.
+#
+# The following claim by Shanks is possible though doubtful;
+# we'll ignore it for now.
 #     * Dublin's 1971-10-31 switch was at 02:00, even though London's was 03:00.
 #
 #
 # Whitman says Dublin Mean Time was -0:25:21, which is more precise than Shanks.
 
+# From Paul Eggert (1999-03-28):
+# Clive Feather (<news:859845706.26043.0@office.demon.net>, 1997-03-31)
+# reports that Folkestone (Cheriton) Shuttle Terminal uses Concession Time
+# (CT), equivalent to French civil time.
+# Julian Hill (<news:36118128.5A14@virgin.net>, 1998-09-30) reports that
+# trains between Dollands Moor (the freight facility next door)
+# and Frethun run in CT.
+# My admittedly uninformed guess is that the terminal has two authorities,
+# the French concession operators and the British civil authorities,
+# and that the time depends on who you're talking to.
+# If, say, the British police were called to the station for some reason,
+# I would expect the official police report to use GMT/BST and not CET/CEST.
+# This is a borderline case, but for now let's stick to GMT/BST.
+
 # From an anonymous contributor (1996-06-02):
 # The law governing time in Ireland is under Statutory Instrument SI 395/94,
 # which gives force to European Union 7th Council Directive # 94/21/EC.
@@ -779,8 +252,8 @@ Rule	GB-Eire	1921	only	-	Apr	 3	2:00s	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1921	only	-	Oct	 3	2:00s	0	GMT
 # S.R.&O. 1922, No. 264
 Rule	GB-Eire	1922	only	-	Mar	26	2:00s	1:00	BST
-# The Summer Time Act, 1922
 Rule	GB-Eire	1922	only	-	Oct	 8	2:00s	0	GMT
+# The Summer Time Act, 1922
 Rule	GB-Eire	1923	only	-	Apr	Sun>=16	2:00s	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1923	1924	-	Sep	Sun>=16	2:00s	0	GMT
 Rule	GB-Eire	1924	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST
@@ -868,7 +341,7 @@ Rule	GB-Eire 1990	1995	-	Oct	Sun>=22	1:00u	0	GMT
 # See EU for rules starting in 1996.
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Europe/London	-0:01:15 -	LMT	1847 Sep 22
+Zone	Europe/London	-0:01:15 -	LMT	1847 Dec  1
 			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1968 Oct 27
 			 1:00	-	BST	1971 Oct 31 2:00u
 			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1996
@@ -949,14 +422,11 @@ Rule	E-Eur	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Russia	1917	only	-	Jul	 1	23:00	1:00	MST	# Moscow Summer Time
 Rule	Russia	1917	only	-	Dec	28	 0:00	0	MMT	# Moscow Mean Time
 Rule	Russia	1918	only	-	May	31	22:00	2:00	MDST	# Moscow Double Summer Time
-Rule	Russia	1918	only	-	Sep	17	 0:00	1:00	MST
+Rule	Russia	1918	only	-	Sep	16	 1:00	1:00	MST
 Rule	Russia	1919	only	-	May	31	23:00	2:00	MDST
 Rule	Russia	1919	only	-	Jul	 1	 2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Russia	1919	only	-	Aug	16	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Russia	1921	only	-	Feb	14	23:00	1:00	S
-# Shanks gives 1921 Mar 21 for the following transition.
-# From Andrey A. Chernov <ache@astral.msk.su> (1993-11-12):
-# My sources says, that it is Mar 20, not 21.
 Rule	Russia	1921	only	-	Mar	20	23:00	2:00	M # Midsummer
 Rule	Russia	1921	only	-	Sep	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Russia	1921	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	-
@@ -1039,7 +509,6 @@ Rule	Albania	1984	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Tirane	1:19:20 -	LMT	1914
 			1:00	-	CET	1940 Jun 16
-# The following transition is from Shanks's 4th edition (1995).
 			1:00	Albania	CE%sT	1984 Jul
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
@@ -1069,17 +538,17 @@ Zone	Europe/Vienna	1:05:20 -	LMT	1893 Apr
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # Belarus
-# Transitions before 1991 are from Shanks (1995).
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Minsk	1:50:16 -	LMT	1880
 			1:50	-	MMT	1924 May 2 # Minsk Mean Time
 			2:00	-	EET	1930 Jun 21
 			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Jun 28
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Jul  3
-			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1990
+			3:00	-	MSK	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
 			2:00	1:00	EEST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
-			2:00	-	EET	1992 Mar 29 2:00s
-			2:00	1:00	EEST	1992 Sep 27 2:00s
+			2:00	-	EET	1992 Mar 29 0:00s
+			2:00	1:00	EEST	1992 Sep 27 0:00s
 			2:00	Russia	EE%sT
 
 # Belgium
@@ -1150,6 +619,12 @@ Zone	Europe/Brussels	0:17:30 -	LMT	1880
 # see Yugoslavia
 
 # Bulgaria
+#
+# From Plamen Simenov <P.Simeonov@cnsys.bg> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
+# A document of Government of Bulgaria (No.94/1997) says:
+# EET --> EETDST is in 03:00 Local time in last Sunday of March ...
+# EETDST --> EET is in 04:00 Local time in last Sunday of October
+#
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Bulg	1979	only	-	Mar	31	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Bulg	1979	only	-	Oct	 1	 1:00	0	-
@@ -1164,13 +639,13 @@ Zone	Europe/Sofia	1:33:16 -	LMT	1880
 			2:00	-	EET	1979 Mar 31 23:00
 			2:00	Bulg	EE%sT	1982 Sep 26  2:00
 			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT	1991
-			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT
+			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1997
+			2:00	EU	EE%sT
 
 # Croatia
 # see Yugosloavia
 
 # Czech Republic
-# Gregorian calendar adopted 1584-01-17.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Czech	1945	only	-	Apr	 8	2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Czech	1945	only	-	Nov	18	2:00s	0	-
@@ -1187,7 +662,6 @@ Zone	Europe/Prague	0:57:44 -	LMT	1850
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # Denmark, Faeroe Islands, and Greenland
-# Gregorian calendar adopted 1700-03-01.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Denmark	1916	only	-	May	14	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Denmark	1916	only	-	Sep	30	23:00	0	-
@@ -1265,6 +739,20 @@ Zone America/Thule	-4:35:08 -	LMT	1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik
 # for their standard and summer times. He says no, they use "suveaeg"
 # (summer time) and "talveaeg" (winter time).
 
+# From <a href="http://www.baltictimes.com/">The Baltic Times</a> (1999-09-09)
+# via Steffen Thorsen:
+# This year will mark the last time Estonia shifts to summer time,
+# a council of the ruling coalition announced Sept. 6....
+# But what this could mean for Estonia's chances of joining the European
+# Union are still unclear.  In 1994, the EU declared summer time compulsory
+# for all member states until 2001.  Brussels has yet to decide what to do
+# after that. 
+
+# From Mart Oruaas (2000-01-29):
+# Regulation no. 301 (1999-10-12) obsoletes previous regulation
+# no. 206 (1998-09-22) and thus sticks Estonia to +02:00 GMT for all
+# the year round.  The regulation is effective 1999-11-01.
+
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Tallinn	1:39:00	-	LMT	1880
 			1:39:00	-	TMT	1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time
@@ -1276,10 +764,10 @@ Zone	Europe/Tallinn	1:39:00	-	LMT	1880
 			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1989 Mar 26 2:00s
 			2:00	1:00	EEST	1989 Sep 24 2:00s
 			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT	1998 Sep 22
-			2:00	EU	EE%sT
+			2:00	EU	EE%sT	1999 Nov  1
+			2:00	-	EET
 
 # Finland
-# See Sweden for when the Gregorian calendar was adopted.
 #
 # From Hannu Strang <chs@apu.fi> (25 Sep 1994 06:03:37 UTC):
 # Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one,
@@ -1299,12 +787,8 @@ Zone	Europe/Helsinki	1:39:52 -	LMT	1878 May 31
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT
 
 # France
-# Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-12-20.
-# French Revolutionary calendar used 1793-11-24 through 1805-12-31,
-# and (in Paris only) 1871-05-06 through 1871-05-23.
 #
 # Shanks seems to use `24:00' ambiguously; we resolve it with Whitman.
-# From Shanks (1991):
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	France	1916	only	-	Jun	14	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1916	1919	-	Oct	Sun>=1	23:00s	0	-
@@ -1392,7 +876,6 @@ Rule	Germany	1945	only	-	May	31	3:00	2:00	M # Midsummer
 Rule	Germany	1945	only	-	Sep	23	3:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Germany	1945	only	-	Nov	18	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Germany	1946	only	-	Apr	14	2:00s	1:00	S
-# Shanks gives 1946-10-06; go with the PTB.
 Rule	Germany	1946	only	-	Oct	 7	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Germany	1947	1949	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Germany	1947	only	-	Apr	 6	2:00s	1:00	S
@@ -1451,7 +934,6 @@ Zone	Europe/Athens	1:34:52 -	LMT	1895 Sep 14
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT
 
 # Hungary
-# Gregorian calendar adopted 1587-11-01.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Hungary	1918	only	-	Apr	 1	 3:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Hungary	1918	only	-	Sep	29	 3:00	0	-
@@ -1510,10 +992,10 @@ Zone	Europe/Budapest	1:16:20 -	LMT	1890 Oct
 # might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it
 # might mean something else (???).
 #
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1993-12-09):
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-10-29):
 # The Iceland Almanak, Shanks and Whitman disagree on many points.
 # We go with the Almanak, except for one claim from Shanks, namely that
-# Reykavik was -1:28 from 1837 to 1908, local mean time before that.
+# Reykavik was 21W57 from 1837 to 1908, local mean time before that.
 #
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Iceland	1917	1918	-	Feb	19	23:00	1:00	S
@@ -1543,7 +1025,6 @@ Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik	-1:27:24 -	LMT	1837
 			 0:00	-	GMT
 
 # Italy
-# Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-10-15.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (1996-05-06):
 # For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks, Whitman, and F. Pollastri
@@ -1655,6 +1136,12 @@ Link	Europe/Rome	Europe/San_Marino
 # 1997-01-21 on transition to Summer time ... established the same order of
 # daylight savings time settings as in the States of the European Union.
 
+# From Andrei Ivanov (2000-03-06):
+# This year Latvia will not switch to Daylight Savings Time (as specified in
+# <a href="http://www.lv-laiks.lv/wwwraksti/2000/071072/vd4.htm">
+# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Rep. of Latvia of
+# 29-Feb-2000 (#79)</a>, in Latvian for subscribers only).
+
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Latvia	1989	1996	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Latvia	1989	1996	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
@@ -1668,12 +1155,11 @@ Zone	Europe/Riga	1:36:24	-	LMT	1880
 			2:00	-	EET	1940 Aug  5
 			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Jul
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Oct 13
-			# Shanks says 1944-08-08, but
-			# Riga fell to the Red Army on 1944-10-13.
 			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1989 Mar lastSun 2:00s
 			2:00	1:00	EEST	1989 Sep lastSun 2:00s
 			2:00	Latvia	EE%sT	1997 Jan 21
-			2:00	EU	EE%sT
+			2:00	EU	EE%sT	2000 Feb 29
+			2:00	-	EET
 
 # Liechtenstein
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
@@ -1682,6 +1168,24 @@ Zone	Europe/Vaduz	0:38:04 -	LMT	1894 Jun
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # Lithuania
+
+# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
+# IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is
+# known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too.
+
+# From Marius Gedminas <mgedmin@pub.osf.lt> (1998-08-07):
+# I would like to inform that in this year Lithuanian time zone
+# (Europe/Vilnius) was changed.
+
+# From <a href="http://www.elta.lt/">ELTA</a> No. 972 (2582) (1999-09-29),
+# via Steffen Thorsen:
+# Lithuania has shifted back to the second time zone (GMT plus two hours)
+# to be valid here starting from October 31,
+# as decided by the national government on Wednesday....
+# The Lithuanian government also announced plans to consider a
+# motion to give up shifting to summer time in spring, as it was
+# already done by Estonia. 
+
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Vilnius	1:41:16	-	LMT	1880
 			1:24:00	-	WMT	1917	    # Warsaw Mean Time
@@ -1695,14 +1199,8 @@ Zone	Europe/Vilnius	1:41:16	-	LMT	1880
 			2:00	1:00	EEST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
 			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT	1998
 			2:00	-	EET	1998 Mar 29 1:00u
-			1:00	EU	CE%sT
-# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
-# IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is
-# known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too.
-
-# From Marius Gedminas <mgedmin@pub.osf.lt> (1998-08-07):
-# I would like to inform that in this year Lithuanian time zone
-# (Europe/Vilnius) was changed.
+			1:00	EU	CE%sT	1999 Oct 31 1:00u
+			2:00	EU	EE%sT
 
 # Luxembourg
 # Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways; go with Shanks.
@@ -1761,11 +1259,28 @@ Zone	Europe/Malta	0:58:04 -	LMT	1893 Nov  2	# Valletta
 
 # Moldova
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Europe/Chisinau	1:55:20 -	LMT	1924 May  2
-			2:00	-	EET	1930 Jun 21
-			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-			2:00	1:00	EEST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
-			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT
+Zone	Europe/Chisinau	1:55:20 -	LMT	1880
+			1:55	-	CMT	1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT
+			1:44:24	-	BMT	1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
+			2:00	Romania	EE%sT	1940 Aug 15
+			2:00	1:00	EEST	1941 Jul 17
+			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Aug 24
+			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1990
+			3:00	-	MSK	1990 May 6
+			2:00	-	EET	1991
+			2:00	Russia	EE%sT	1992
+			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1997
+# See Romania commentary for the guessed 1997 transition to EU rules.
+			2:00	EU	EE%sT
+Zone	Europe/Tiraspol	1:58:32	-	LMT	1880
+			1:55	-	CMT	1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT
+			1:44:24	-	BMT	1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
+			2:00	Romania	EE%sT	1940 Aug 15
+			2:00	1:00	EEST	1941 Jul 17
+			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Aug 24
+			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31 2:00
+			2:00	Russia	EE%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00
+			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD
 
 # Monaco
 # Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's more precise 0:09:21.
@@ -1780,7 +1295,7 @@ Zone	Europe/Monaco	0:29:32 -	LMT	1891 Mar 15
 # Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940,
 # but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-# Shanks gives 1916 May 1 0:00 and 1916 Oct 1 0:00; go with Whitman.
+# Shanks gives 1916 Apr 30 24:00 and 1916 Oct 1 00:00; go with Whitman.
 Rule	Neth	1916	only	-	May	 1	2:00s	1:00	NST	# Netherlands Summer Time
 Rule	Neth	1916	only	-	Oct	 2	2:00s	0	AMT	# Amsterdam Mean Time
 Rule	Neth	1917	only	-	Apr	16	2:00s	1:00	NST
@@ -1806,7 +1321,6 @@ Rule	Neth	1937	1939	-	Oct	Sun>=2	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Neth	1938	1939	-	May	15	2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Neth	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Neth	1945	only	-	May	20	2:00s	0	-
-# Before 1937, Shanks says just `0:20'; we use Whitman's more precise figure.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Europe/Amsterdam	0:19:28 -	LMT	1892 May
 			0:19:28	Neth	%s	1937 Jul
@@ -1816,7 +1330,6 @@ Zone Europe/Amsterdam	0:19:28 -	LMT	1892 May
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # Norway
-# Gregorian calendar adopted 1700-03-01.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 # Whitman gives 1916 May 21 - 1916 Oct 21; go with Shanks.
 Rule	Norway	1916	only	-	May	22	1:00	1:00	S
@@ -1872,16 +1385,26 @@ Zone	Europe/Warsaw	1:24:00 -	LMT	1880
 			1:00	Poland	CE%sT	1940 Jun 23 2:00
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Oct
 			1:00	Poland	CE%sT	1977 Apr  3 1:00
-			1:00	W-Eur	CE%sT
+			1:00	W-Eur	CE%sT	1999
 # IATA SSIM (1991/1996) gives EU rules, but the _The Warsaw Voice_
-# <a href="http://www.contact.waw.pl/voice/v361/NewsInBrief.shtml">
-# http://www.contact.waw.pl/voice/v361/NewsInBrief.shtml (1995-09-24)
+# <a href="http://www.warsawvoice.com.pl/v361/NewsInBrief.shtml">
+# http://www.warsawvoice.com/pl/v361/NewsInBrief.shtml (1995-09-24)
 # </a>
 # says the autumn 1995 switch was at 02:00.
 # Stick with W-Eur for now.
+#
+# From Marcin.Kasperski@softax.com.pl (1999-06-10):
+# According to my colleagues someone recently decided, that Poland would
+# follow European Union regulations, so - I think - the matter is not
+# worth further discussion.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (1999-06-10):
+# Kasperski also writes that the government futzed with the rules in 1997
+# or 1998 but he doesn't remember the details.  Assume they switched to
+# EU rules in 1999.
+			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # Portugal
-# Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-10-15.
 #
 # From Rui Pedro Salgueiro <rps@inescca.inescc.pt> (1992-11-12):
 # Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone
@@ -1986,6 +1509,14 @@ Zone Atlantic/Madeira	-1:07:36 -	LMT	1884		# Funchal
 			 0:00	EU	WE%sT
 
 # Romania
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-07):
+# <a href="http://www.nineoclock.ro/POL/1778pol.html">
+# Nine O'clock</a> (1998-10-23) reports that the switch occurred at
+# 04:00 local time in fall 1998.  For lack of better info,
+# assume that Romania and Moldova switched to EU rules in 1997,
+# the same year as Bulgaria.
+#
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Romania	1932	only	-	May	21	 0:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Romania	1932	1939	-	Oct	Sun>=1	 0:00s	0	-
@@ -2002,24 +1533,16 @@ Zone Europe/Bucharest	1:44:24 -	LMT	1891 Oct
 			2:00	Romania	EE%sT	1981 Mar 29 2:00s
 			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT	1991
 			2:00	Romania	EE%sT	1994
-			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT
+			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1997
+			2:00	EU	EE%sT
 
 # Russia
 
-# From Chris Carrier <72157.3334@CompuServe.COM> (1996-12-02):
-# On 1929-10-01 the Soviet Union instituted an ``Eternal Calendar''
-# with 30-day months plus 5 holidays, with a 5-day week.
-# On 1931-12-01 it changed to a 6-day week; in 1934 it reverted to the
-# Gregorian calendar while retaining the 6-day week; on 1940-06-27 it
-# reverted to the 7-day week.  With the 6-day week the usual days
-# off were the 6th, 12th, 18th, 24th and 30th of the month.
-# (Source: Evitiar Zerubavel, _The Seven Day Circle_)
-#
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-11-22):
-# Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations,
-# and (unless otherwise specified) guessed what happened after 1991.
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-11-12):
+# Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations.
 # Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991,
-# are from Andrey A. Chernov.  The rest is from Shanks and the IATA.
+# are from Andrey A. Chernov.  The rest is from Shanks, except we follow
+# Chernov's report that 1992 DST transitions were Sat 23:00, not Sun 02:00s.
 #
 # From Andrey A. Chernov <ache@nagual.ru> (1996-10-04):
 # `MSK' and `MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with
@@ -2035,97 +1558,83 @@ Zone Europe/Bucharest	1:44:24 -	LMT	1891 Oct
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Europe/Kaliningrad	 1:22:00 - 	LMT	1893 Apr
 			 1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945
-			 2:00	Poland	CET	1946
+			 2:00	Poland	CE%sT	1946
 			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-			 2:00	1:00	EEST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
-			 2:00	-	EET	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
-			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1994
-# IATA SSIM (1994-02) says Kaliningrad is at UTC+2; guess 1994 change.
 			 2:00	Russia	EE%sT
 Zone Europe/Moscow	 2:30:20 -	LMT	1880
-			 2:30:20 Russia	%s	1919 Jul  1 2:00
+			 2:30	-	MMT	1916 Jul  3 # Moscow Mean Time
+			 2:30:48 Russia	%s	1919 Jul  1 2:00
 			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1922 Oct
 			 2:00	-	EET	1930 Jun 21
 			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-			 2:00	1:00	EEST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
-			 2:00	-	EET	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+			 2:00	Russia	EE%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
 			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD
-Zone Europe/Samara	 3:20:36 -	LMT	1924 May  2
-			 3:00	-	KUYT	1957 Mar # Kuybyshev Time
-			 4:00	Russia	KUY%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-			 3:00	1:00	KUYST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
-			 3:00	-	SAMT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s # Samara Time
-			 4:00	Russia	SAM%sT
-Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg	 4:02:34 -	LMT	1924 May  2
-			 4:00	-	SVET	1957 Mar # Sverdlovsk Time
+Zone Europe/Samara	 3:20:36 -	LMT	1919 Jul  1 2:00
+			 3:00	-	KUYT	1930 Jun 21 # Kuybyshev
+			 4:00	Russia	KUY%sT	1989 Mar 26 2:00s
+			 3:00	Russia	KUY%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+			 2:00	Russia	KUY%sT	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
+			 3:00	-	KUYT	1991 Oct 20 3:00
+			 4:00	Russia	SAM%sT	# Samara Time
+Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg	 4:02:24 -	LMT	1919 Jul 15 4:00
+			 4:00	-	SVET	1930 Jun 21 # Sverdlovsk Time
 			 5:00	Russia	SVE%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-			 4:00	1:00	SVEST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
-			 4:00	-	SVET	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+			 4:00	Russia	SVE%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
 			 5:00	Russia	YEK%sT	# Yekaterinburg Time
-Zone Asia/Omsk		 4:53:36 -	LMT	1924 May  2
-			 5:00	-	OMST	1957 Mar # Omsk Time
+Zone Asia/Omsk		 4:53:36 -	LMT	1919 Nov 14
+			 5:00	-	OMST	1930 Jun 21 # Omsk TIme
 			 6:00	Russia	OMS%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-			 5:00	1:00	OMSST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
-			 5:00	-	OMST	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+			 5:00	Russia	OMS%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
 			 6:00	Russia	OMS%sT
 # From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski <S.A.Kuz@iae.nsk.su> (1994-06-29):
 # But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow!
 # I do not know why they have decided to make this change;
 # as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching
 # so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch.
-Zone Asia/Novosibirsk	 5:31:40 -	LMT	1924 May  2
-			 6:00	-	NOVT	1957 Mar # Novosibirsk Time
+Zone Asia/Novosibirsk	 5:31:40 -	LMT	1919 Dec 14 6:00
+			 6:00	-	NOVT	1930 Jun 21 # Novosibirsk Time
 			 7:00	Russia	NOV%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-			 6:00	1:00	NOVST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
-			 6:00	-	NOVT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
-			 7:00	Russia	NOV%sT	1994 Mar 27 2:00s
-			 6:00	1:00	NOVST	1994 Sep 25 2:00s
+			 6:00	Russia	NOV%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+			 7:00	Russia	NOV%sT	1993 May 23 # says Shanks
 			 6:00	Russia	NOV%sT
-Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk	 6:11:20 -	LMT	1924 May  2
-			 6:00	-	KRAT	1957 Mar # Krasnoyarsk Time
+Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk	 6:11:20 -	LMT	1920 Jan  6
+			 6:00	-	KRAT	1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time
 			 7:00	Russia	KRA%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-			 6:00	1:00	KRAST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
-			 6:00	-	KRAT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+			 6:00	Russia	KRA%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
 			 7:00	Russia	KRA%sT
 Zone Asia/Irkutsk	 6:57:20 -	LMT	1880
-			 6:57:20 -	IMT	1924 May  2 # Irkutsk Mean Time
-			 7:00	-	IRKT	1957 Mar # Irkutsk Time
+			 6:57:20 -	IMT	1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time
+			 7:00	-	IRKT	1930 Jun 21 # Irkutsk Time
 			 8:00	Russia	IRK%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-			 7:00	1:00	IRKST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
-			 7:00	-	IRKT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+			 7:00	Russia	IRK%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
 			 8:00	Russia	IRK%sT
-Zone Asia/Yakutsk	 8:38:40 -	LMT	1924 May  2
-			 8:00	-	YAKT	1957 Mar # Yakutsk Time
+Zone Asia/Yakutsk	 8:38:40 -	LMT	1919 Dec 15
+			 8:00	-	YAKT	1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
 			 9:00	Russia	YAK%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-			 8:00	1:00	YAKST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
-			 8:00	-	YAKT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+			 8:00	Russia	YAK%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
 			 9:00	Russia	YAK%sT
-Zone Asia/Vladivostok	 8:47:44 -	LMT	1880
-			 8:47:44 -	VMT	1924 May  2 # Vladivostok MT
-			 9:00	-	VLAT	1957 Mar # Vladivostok Time
+Zone Asia/Vladivostok	 8:47:44 -	LMT	1922 Nov 15
+			 9:00	-	VLAT	1930 Jun 21 # Vladivostok Time
 			10:00	Russia	VLA%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-			 9:00	1:00	VLAST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
-			 9:00	-	VLAT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+			 9:00	Russia	VLA%sST	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
 			10:00	Russia	VLA%sT
 Zone Asia/Magadan	10:03:12 -	LMT	1924 May  2
-			10:00	-	MAGT	1957 Mar # Magadan Time
+			10:00	-	MAGT	1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time
 			11:00	Russia	MAG%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-			10:00	1:00	MAGST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
-			10:00	-	MAGT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+			10:00	Russia	MAG%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
 			11:00	Russia	MAG%sT
 # This name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski, but that's too long.
-Zone Asia/Kamchatka	10:34:36 -	LMT	1924 May  2
-			11:00	-	PETT	1957 Mar # P-K Time
+Zone Asia/Kamchatka	10:34:36 -	LMT	1922 Nov 10
+			11:00	-	PETT	1930 Jun 21 # P-K Time
 			12:00	Russia	PET%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-			11:00	1:00	PETST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
-			11:00	-	PETT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+			11:00	Russia	PET%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
 			12:00	Russia	PET%sT
 Zone Asia/Anadyr	11:49:56 -	LMT	1924 May  2
-			12:00	-	ANAT	1957 Mar # Anadyr Time
-			13:00	Russia	ANA%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-			12:00	1:00	ANAST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
-			12:00	-	ANAT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
-			13:00	Russia	ANA%sT
+			12:00	-	ANAT	1930 Jun 21 # Anadyr Time
+			13:00	Russia	ANA%sT	1982 Apr  1 0:00s
+			12:00	Russia	ANA%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+			11:00	Russia	ANA%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+			12:00	Russia	ANA%sT
 
 # Slovakia
 Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava
@@ -2134,7 +1643,6 @@ Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava
 # see Yugoslavia
 
 # Spain
-# Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-10-15.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 # For 1917-1919 Whitman gives Apr Sat>=1 - Oct Sat>=1; go with Shanks.
 Rule	Spain	1917	only	-	May	 5	23:00s	1:00	S
@@ -2205,32 +1713,6 @@ Zone	Atlantic/Canary	-1:01:36 -	LMT	1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C.
 # Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU.
 
 # Sweden
-
-# From: msb@sq.com (Mark Brader)
-# <a href="news:1996Jul6.012937.29190@sq.com">
-# Subject: Re: Gregorian reform -- a part of locale?
-# </a>
-# Date: 1996-07-06
-#
-# In 1700, Denmark made the transition from Julian to Gregorian.  Sweden
-# decided to *start* a transition in 1700 as well, but rather than have one of
-# those unsightly calendar gaps :-), they simply decreed that the next leap
-# year after 1696 would be in 1744 -- putting the whole country on a calendar
-# different from both Julian and Gregorian for a period of 40 years.
-#
-# However, in 1704 something went wrong and the plan was not carried through;
-# they did, after all, have a leap year that year.  And one in 1708.  In 1712
-# they gave it up and went back to Julian, putting 30 days in February that
-# year!...
-#
-# Then in 1753, Sweden made the transition to Gregorian in the usual manner,
-# getting there only 13 years behind the original schedule.
-#
-# (A previous posting of this story was challenged, and Swedish readers
-# produced the following references to support it: "Tiderakning och historia"
-# by Natanael Beckman (1924) and "Tid, en bok om tiderakning och
-# kalendervasen" by Lars-Olof Lode'n (no date was given).)
-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Europe/Stockholm	1:12:12 -	LMT	1878 May 31
 			1:12:12	-	SMT	1900 Jan  1  1:00 # Stockholm MT
@@ -2240,9 +1722,7 @@ Zone Europe/Stockholm	1:12:12 -	LMT	1878 May 31
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # Switzerland
-# The Gregorian calendar was introduced gradually in Switzerland,
-# by omitting leap years during 1583-1812.
-# From Howse (1988), p 82:
+# From Howse:
 # By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace
 # and their performance improved enormously.  Communities began to keep
 # mean time in preference to apparent time -- Geneva from 1780 ....
@@ -2250,7 +1730,7 @@ Zone Europe/Stockholm	1:12:12 -	LMT	1878 May 31
 # From Whitman (who writes ``Midnight?''):
 Rule	Swiss	1940	only	-	Nov	 2	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Swiss	1940	only	-	Dec	31	0:00	0	-
-# From Shanks (1991):
+# From Shanks:
 Rule	Swiss	1941	1942	-	May	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Swiss	1941	1942	-	Oct	Sun>=1	0:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
@@ -2273,7 +1753,6 @@ Rule	Turkey	1922	only	-	Oct	 8	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Turkey	1924	only	-	May	13	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1924	1925	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Turkey	1925	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	S
-# Shanks omits the first two transitions in 1940; go with Whitman.
 Rule	Turkey	1940	only	-	Jun	30	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1940	only	-	Oct	 5	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Turkey	1940	only	-	Dec	 1	0:00	1:00	S
@@ -2324,53 +1803,61 @@ Zone	Europe/Istanbul	1:55:52 -	LMT	1880
 Link	Europe/Istanbul	Asia/Istanbul	# Istanbul is in both continents.
 
 # Ukraine
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Ukraine	1917	only	-	Jul	 1	23:00	1:00	UST	# Ukrainian Summer Time
-Rule	Ukraine	1917	only	-	Dec	28	 0:00	0	KMT	# Kiev Mean Time
-Rule	Ukraine	1918	only	-	May	31	22:00	2:00	UDST	# Ukrainian Double Summer Time
-Rule	Ukraine	1918	only	-	Sep	17	 0:00	1:00	UST
-Rule	Ukraine	1919	only	-	May	31	23:00	2:00	UDST
-Rule	Ukraine	1919	only	-	Jul	 1	 2:00	1:00	UST
-Rule	Ukraine	1919	only	-	Aug	16	 0:00	0	KMT
-Rule	Ukraine	1921	only	-	Feb	14	23:00	1:00	UST
-Rule	Ukraine	1921	only	-	Mar	21	23:00	2:00	UDST
-Rule	Ukraine	1921	only	-	Sep	 1	 0:00	1:00	UST
-Rule	Ukraine	1921	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	KMT
-Rule	Crimea	1917	only	-	Jul	 1	23:00	1:00	CST	# Crimean Summer Time
-Rule	Crimea	1917	only	-	Dec	28	 0:00	0	NMT	# Nikolayev Mean Time
-Rule	Crimea	1918	only	-	May	31	22:00	2:00	CDST	# Crimean Double Summer Time
-Rule	Crimea	1918	only	-	Sep	17	 0:00	1:00	CST
-Rule	Crimea	1919	only	-	May	31	23:00	2:00	CDST
-Rule	Crimea	1919	only	-	Jul	 1	 2:00	1:00	CST
-Rule	Crimea	1919	only	-	Aug	16	 0:00	0	NMT
-Rule	Crimea	1921	only	-	Feb	14	23:00	1:00	CST
-Rule	Crimea	1921	only	-	Mar	21	23:00	2:00	CDST
-Rule	Crimea	1921	only	-	Sep	 1	 0:00	1:00	CST
-Rule	Crimea	1921	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	NMT
-Rule	Crimea	1996	only	-	Mar	lastSun	 0:00u	1:00	-
-Rule	Crimea	1996	only	-	Oct	lastSun	 0:00u	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+# Most of Ukraine since 1970 has been like Kiev.
 Zone Europe/Kiev	2:02:04 -	LMT	1880
-			2:02:04	Ukraine	%s	1924 May  2
+			2:02:04	-	KMT	1924 May  2 # Kiev Mean Time
 			2:00	-	EET	1930 Jun 21
-			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1990 Jul 17
-			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1996
+			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Sep 20
+			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1943 Nov  6
+			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1990
+			3:00	-	MSK	1990 Jul  1 2:00
+			2:00	-	EET	1992
+			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1995
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT
+# Ruthenia used CET 1990/1991.
+Zone Europe/Uzhgorod	1:29:12 -	LMT	1890 Oct
+			1:00	-	CET	1940
+			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Oct
+			1:00	1:00	CEST	1944 Oct 26
+			1:00	-	CET	1945 Jun 29
+			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1990
+			3:00	-	MSK	1990 Jul  1 2:00
+			1:00	-	CET	1991 Mar 31 3:00
+			2:00	-	EET	1992
+			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1995
+			2:00	EU	EE%sT
+# Zaporozh'ye and eastern Lugansk oblasts observed DST 1990/1991.
+# Zaporozh'ye has an apostrophe, but Posix file names can't have apostrophes.
+Zone Europe/Zaporozhye	2:20:40 -	LMT	1880
+			2:20	-	CUT	1924 May  2 # Central Ukraine T
+			2:00	-	EET	1930 Jun 21
+			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Aug 25
+			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1943 Oct 25
+			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31 2:00
+			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1995
+			2:00	EU	EE%sT
+# Central Crimea used Moscow time 1994/1997.
 Zone Europe/Simferopol	2:16:24 -	LMT	1880
-			2:08:00	Crimea	%s	1924 May  2
+			2:16	-	SMT	1924 May  2 # Simferopol Mean T
 			2:00	-	EET	1930 Jun 21
-			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-			2:00	1:00	EEST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-10-21):
-# The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that most of Crimea switched
+			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Nov
+			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Apr 13
+			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1990
+			3:00	-	MSK	1990 Jul  1 2:00
+			2:00	-	EET	1992
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-11-12):
+# The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched
 # from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections.
-# For now, guess it changed Feb 1.
-			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT	1994 Feb
+# Shanks says ``date of change uncertain'', but implies that it happened
+# sometime between the 1994 DST switches.  For now, guess it changed in May.
+			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1994 May
 # From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev.
-			3:00	E-Eur	MSK/MSD	1996
+			3:00	E-Eur	MSK/MSD	1996 Mar 31 3:00s
+			3:00	1:00	MSD	1996 Oct 27 3:00s
 # IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST.
 # Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks.
-			3:00	Crimea	MSK/MSD	1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u
+			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT
 
 # Yugoslavia
diff --git a/share/zoneinfo/leapseconds b/share/zoneinfo/leapseconds
index 1cd114b..4386eb1 100644
--- a/share/zoneinfo/leapseconds
+++ b/share/zoneinfo/leapseconds
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
-# @(#)leapseconds	7.11
+# @(#)leapseconds	7.12
+# $FreeBSD$
 
 # Allowance for leapseconds added to each timezone file.
 
 # The International Earth Rotation Service periodically uses leap seconds
-# to keep UTC to within 0.9 s of TAI (atomic time); see
+# to keep UTC to within 0.9 s of UT1
+# (which measures the true angular orientation of the earth in space); see
 # Terry J Quinn, The BIPM and the accurate measure of time,
 # Proc IEEE 79, 7 (July 1991), 894-905.
 # There were no leap seconds before 1972, because the official mechanism
diff --git a/share/zoneinfo/northamerica b/share/zoneinfo/northamerica
index 5568a95..a234e54 100644
--- a/share/zoneinfo/northamerica
+++ b/share/zoneinfo/northamerica
@@ -1,19 +1,30 @@
-# @(#)northamerica	7.42
+# @(#)northamerica	7.51
+# $FreeBSD$
 # also includes Central America and the Caribbean
 
 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
 # tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
 
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1994-08-17):
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-03-22):
 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
-# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and the discovery of the longitude,
-# Oxford University Press (1980).
+# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
 
 ###############################################################################
 
 # United States
 
+# From Paul Eggert (1999-03-31):
+# Howse writes (pp 121-125) that time zones were invented by
+# Professor Charles Ferdinand Dowd (1825-1904),
+# Principal of Temple Grove Ladies' Seminary (Saratoga Springs, NY).
+# His pamphlet ``A System of National Time for Railroads'' (1870)
+# was the result of his proposals at the Convention of Railroad Trunk Lines
+# in New York City (1869-10).  His 1870 proposal was based on Washington, DC,
+# but in 1872-05 he moved the proposed origin to Greenwich.
+# His proposal was adopted by the railroads on 1883-11-18 at 12:00,
+# and the most of the country soon followed suit.
+
 # From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1995-12-19):
 # A good source for time zone historical data in the US is
 # Thomas G. Shanks, The American Atlas (5th edition),
@@ -294,6 +305,11 @@ Zone America/Boise	-7:44:49 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:00
 
 # Indiana
 #
+# For a map of Indiana's time zone regions, see:
+# <a href="http://www.mccsc.edu/time.html">
+# What time is it in Indiana?
+# </a> (1999-04-06)
+#
 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
 # Indiana generally observes either EST all year, or CST/CDT,
 # but areas near Cincinnati and Louisville use those cities' timekeeping
@@ -393,15 +409,38 @@ Zone America/Louisville	-5:43:02 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:00
 			-5:00	US	E%sT	1974 Jan  6 2:00
 			-6:00	1:00	CDT	1974 Oct 27 2:00
 			-5:00	US	E%sT
+# Wayne, Clinton, and Russell Counties, Kentucky
+# From
+# <a href="http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=1999_register&docid=99-26945-filed">
+# Federal Register Doc. 99-26945
+# </a> (1999-10-14 08:45-04)
+# In response to a petition by the Wayne County, Kentucky, Fiscal Court,
+# the Department of Transportation (DOT) proposed to move Wayne County,
+# Kentucky, from the Central Time Zone to the Eastern Time Zone.... Now
+# the earliest date that the proposed change might take effect is
+# October 29, 2000.
+#
+# From
+# <a href="http://www.lake-cumberland.com/life/archive/news990129time.shtml">
+# Lake Cumberland LIFE
+# </a> (1999-01-29) via WKYM-101.7:
+# Clinton County has joined Wayne County in asking the DoT to change from
+# the Central to the Eastern time zone....  The Wayne County government made
+# the same request in December.  And while Russell County officials have not
+# taken action, the majority of respondents to a poll conducted there in
+# August indicated they would like to change to "fast time" also.
+# The three Lake Cumberland counties are the farthest east of any U.S.
+# location in the Central time zone.
 
 # Michigan
 #
 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
 # Michigan didn't observe DST from 1968 to 1973.
 #
-# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
-# Shanks writes that Michigan started using standard time on 1885 Sep 18,
-# but Howse (p 126) writes that Detroit kept
+# From Paul Eggert (1999-03-31):
+# Shanks writes that Michigan started using standard time on 1885-09-18,
+# but Howse writes (pp 124-125, referring to Popular Astronomy, 1901-01)
+# that Detroit kept
 #
 #	local time until 1900 when the City Council decreed that clocks should
 #	be put back twenty-eight minutes to Central Standard Time.  Half the
@@ -466,12 +505,12 @@ Link	Pacific/Honolulu	HST
 ################################################################################
 
 
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-11-22):
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-10-29):
 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the US is
-# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (4th edition),
-# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1995).
+# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition),
+# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999).
 #
-# Gwillim Law <LAW@encmail.encompass.com> writes that a good source
+# Gwillim Law <Gwil_Law@bridge-point.com> writes that a good source
 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
 # published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
@@ -520,7 +559,7 @@ Link	Pacific/Honolulu	HST
 # From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1994-11-22):
 # Alas, this sort of thing must be handled by localization software.
 
-# The data for Canada are all from Shanks (1991).
+# The data for Canada are all from Shanks.
 
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
@@ -666,7 +705,7 @@ Zone America/Glace_Bay	-3:59:48 -	LMT	1902 Jun 15
 # says that Ontario east of 90W uses EST/EDT, and west of 90W uses CST/CDT.
 # Officially Atikokan is therefore on CST/CDT, and most likely this report
 # concerns a non-official time observed as a matter of local practice.
-# For what it's worth, Shanks (1995) says that Atikokan has agreed with
+# For what it's worth, Shanks says that Atikokan has agreed with
 # Rainy River ever since standard time was introduced.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
@@ -838,7 +877,7 @@ Zone America/Edmonton	-7:33:52 -	LMT	1906 Sep
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1996-06-12):
 # Shanks writes that since 1970 most of this region has been like Vancouver.
-# Dawswon Creek uses MST.  Much of east BC is like Edmonton.
+# Dawson Creek uses MST.  Much of east BC is like Edmonton.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Vanc	1918	only	-	Apr	14	2:00	1:00	D
@@ -859,11 +898,10 @@ Zone America/Dawson_Creek -8:00:56 -	LMT	1884
 			-7:00	-	MST
 
 
-# Northwest Territories, Yukon
+# Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Yukon
 
-# From Paul Eggert (1996-10-07):
+# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
 # Dawson switched to PST in 1973.  Inuvik switched to MST in 1979.
-# Shanks's table for Watson Lake is corrupted, so we have no data there.
 # Mathew Englander <mathew@io.org> (1996-10-07) gives the following refs:
 #	* 1967. Paragraph 28(34)(g) of the Interpretation Act, S.C. 1967-68,
 #	c. 7 defines Yukon standard time as UTC-9.  This is still valid;
@@ -873,6 +911,56 @@ Zone America/Dawson_Creek -8:00:56 -	LMT	1884
 #	* O.I.C. 1987/056 changed DST to Apr firstSun 2:00 to Oct lastSun 2:00.
 # Shanks says Yukon's 1973-10-28 switch was at 2:00; go with Englander.
 
+# From Rives McDow (1999-09-04):
+# Nunavut ... moved ... to incorporate the whole territory into one time zone.
+# <a href="http://www.nunatsiaq.com/nunavut/nvt90903_13.html">
+# Nunavut moves to single time zone Oct. 31
+# </a>
+#
+# From Antoine Leca (1999-09-06):
+# We then need to create a new timezone for the Kitikmeot region of Nunavut
+# to differentiate it from the Yellowknife region.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):
+# <a href="http://www.nunavut.com/basicfacts/english/basicfacts_1territory.html">
+# Basic Facts: The New Territory
+# </a> (1999) reports that Pangnirtung operates on Eastern time,
+# and that Coral Harbour does not observe DST.  We don't know when
+# Pangnirtung switched to Eastern time; we'll guess 1995.
+# We'll ignore the claim about Coral Harbour for now,
+# since we have no further info.
+
+# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08):
+# On October 31, when the rest of Nunavut went to Central time,
+# Pangnirtung wobbled.  Here is the result of their wobble:
+#
+# The following businesses and organizations in Pangnirtung use Central Time:
+#
+#	First Air, Power Corp, Nunavut Construction, Health Center, RCMP,
+#	Eastern Arctic National Parks, A & D Specialist
+#
+# The following businesses and organizations in Pangnirtung use Eastern Time:
+#
+#	Hamlet office, All other businesses, Both schools, Airport operator
+#
+# This has made for an interesting situation there, which warranted the news.
+# No one there that I spoke with seems concerned, or has plans to
+# change the local methods of keeping time, as it evidently does not
+# really interfere with any activities or make things difficult locally.
+# They plan to celebrate New Year's turn-over twice, one hour apart,
+# so it appears that the situation will last at least that long.
+# The Nunavut Intergovernmental Affairs hopes that they will "come to
+# their senses", but the locals evidently don't see any problem with
+# the current state of affairs.
+
+# From Michaela Rodrigue, writing in the
+# <a href="http://www.nunatsiaq.com/archives/nunavut991130/nvt91119_17.html">
+# Nunatsiaq News (1999-11-19)</a>:
+# Clyde River, Pangnirtung and Sanikiluaq now operate with two time zones,
+# central - or Nunavut time - for government offices, and eastern time
+# for municipal offices and schools....  Igloolik [was similar but then]
+# made the switch to central time on Saturday, Nov. 6.
+
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	NT_YK	1918	only	-	Apr	14	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	NT_YK	1918	only	-	Oct	27	2:00	0	S
@@ -887,11 +975,17 @@ Rule	NT_YK	1980	max	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	NT_YK	1987	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Pangnirtung -4:22:56 -	LMT	1884
-			-4:00	NT_YK	A%sT
-Zone America/Iqaluit	-4:33:52 -	LMT	1884	# Frobisher Bay
-			-5:00	NT_YK	E%sT
+			-4:00	NT_YK	A%sT	1995 Apr Sun>=1 2:00
+			-5:00	Canada	E%sT	1999 Oct 31 2:00
+			-6:00	Canada	C%sT
+Zone America/Iqaluit	-4:33:52 -	LMT	1884 # Frobisher Bay before 1987
+			-5:00	NT_YK	E%sT	1999 Oct 31 2:00
+			-6:00	Canada	C%sT
 Zone America/Rankin_Inlet -6:08:40 -	LMT	1884
 			-6:00	NT_YK	C%sT
+Zone America/Cambridge_Bay -7:00:20 -	LMT	1884
+			-7:00	NT_YK	M%sT	1999 Oct 31 2:00
+			-6:00	Canada	C%sT
 Zone America/Yellowknife -7:37:24 -	LMT	1884
 			-7:00	NT_YK	M%sT
 Zone America/Inuvik	-8:54:00 -	LMT	1884
@@ -921,7 +1015,7 @@ Zone America/Dawson	-9:17:40 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20
 # The Federal District (where Mexico City is) has observed [DST] several
 # times but not recently.
 #
-# I don't where to drawn the line in the North Baja area.  28th latitude
+# I don't where to draw the line in the North Baja area.  28th latitude
 # sounds good -- but it may be higher (how far [d]o radio stations from
 # San Diego affect culture?).
 #
@@ -956,37 +1050,33 @@ Zone America/Dawson	-9:17:40 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20
 # a zone that's GMT-8 with DST; a zone that's always GMT-7;
 # a zone that's GMT-6 with DST; and a zone that's always GMT-6.
 
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1993-11-18):
-# Shanks also says there are four zones, but disagrees about the fourth.
-# Instead of GMT-6 with DST, he says there's GMT-8 without DST.
-
 # From Alan Perry <alan.perry@eng.sun.com> (1996-02-15):
 # A guy from our Mexico subsidiary finally found the Presidential Decree
 # outlining the timezone changes in Mexico.
-# 
+#
 # ------------- Begin Forwarded Message -------------
-# 
+#
 # I finally got my hands on the Official Presidential Decree that sets up the
 # rules for the DST changes. The rules are:
-# 
+#
 # 1. The country is divided in 3 timezones:
 #    - Baja California Norte (the Mexico/BajaNorte TZ)
 #    - Baja California Sur, Nayarit, Sinaloa and Sonora (the Mexico/BajaSur TZ)
 #    - The rest of the country (the Mexico/General TZ)
-#    
+#
 # 2. From the first Sunday in April at 2:00 AM to the last Sunday in October
 #    at 2:00 AM, the times in each zone are as follows:
 #    BajaNorte: GMT+7
 #    BajaSur:   GMT+6
 #    General:   GMT+5
-#    
+#
 # 3. The rest of the year, the times are as follows:
 #    BajaNorte: GMT+8
 #    BajaSur:   GMT+7
 #    General:   GMT+6
-#    
+#
 # The Decree was published in Mexico's Official Newspaper on January 4th.
-# 
+#
 # -------------- End Forwarded Message --------------
 # From Paul Eggert (1996-06-12):
 # For an English translation of the decree, see
@@ -998,7 +1088,13 @@ Zone America/Dawson	-9:17:40 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20
 # The State of Quintana Roo has reverted back to central STD and DST times
 # (i.e. UTC -0600 and -0500 as of 1998-08-02).
 
-# From Shanks (1991):
+# From Rives McDow (2000-01-10):
+# Effective April 4, 1999 at 2:00 AM local time, Sonora changed to the time
+# zone 5 hours from the International Date Line, and will not observe daylight
+# savings time so as to stay on the same time zone as the southern part of
+# Arizona year round.
+
+# From Shanks:
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Mexico	1939	only	-	Feb	5	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Mexico	1939	only	-	Jun	25	0:00	0	S
@@ -1011,12 +1107,11 @@ Rule	Mexico	1950	only	-	Jul	30	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Mexico	1996	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Mexico	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 #
-Rule	BajaN	1950	1966	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	BajaN	1950	1961	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
-Rule	BajaN	1961	1966	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
+Rule	BajaN	1954	1961	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
+Rule	BajaN	1954	1961	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 # Quintana Roo
-Zone America/Cancun	-5:47:04 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  1:12:42
+Zone America/Cancun	-5:47:04 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  0:12:56
 			-6:00	-	CST	1996
 			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT	1997 Oct lastSun 2:00
 			-5:00	Mexico	E%sT	1998 Aug  2  2:00
@@ -1030,7 +1125,7 @@ Zone America/Mexico_City -6:36:36 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  0:23:24
 			-7:00	-	MST	1932 Mar 30 23:00
 			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT
 # Chihuahua
-Zone America/Chihuahua	-7:04:20 -	LMT	1921 Dec 31 23:55:44
+Zone America/Chihuahua	-7:04:20 -	LMT	1921 Dec 31 23:55:40
 			-7:00	-	MST	1927 Jun 10 23:00
 			-6:00	-	CST	1930 Nov 15
 			-7:00	-	MST	1931 May  1 23:00
@@ -1040,7 +1135,19 @@ Zone America/Chihuahua	-7:04:20 -	LMT	1921 Dec 31 23:55:44
 			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT	1998
 			-6:00	-	CST	1998 Apr Sun>=1 3:00
 			-7:00	Mexico	M%sT
-# S Baja California, Nayarit, Sinaloa, Sonora
+# Sonora
+Zone America/Hermosillo	-7:23:52 -	LMT	1921 Dec 31 23:36:08
+			-7:00	-	MST	1927 Jun 10 23:00
+			-6:00	-	CST	1930 Nov 15
+			-7:00	-	MST	1931 May  1 23:00
+			-6:00	-	CST	1931 Oct
+			-7:00	-	MST	1932 Mar 30 23:00
+			-6:00	-	CST	1942 Apr
+			-7:00	-	MST	1949 Jan 14
+			-8:00	-	PST	1970
+			-7:00	Mexico	M%sT	1999
+			-7:00	-	MST
+# S Baja California, Nayarit, Sinaloa
 Zone America/Mazatlan	-7:05:40 -	LMT	1921 Dec 31 23:54:20
 			-7:00	-	MST	1927 Jun 10 23:00
 			-6:00	-	CST	1930 Nov 15
@@ -1051,23 +1158,15 @@ Zone America/Mazatlan	-7:05:40 -	LMT	1921 Dec 31 23:54:20
 			-7:00	-	MST	1949 Jan 14
 			-8:00	-	PST	1970
 			-7:00	Mexico	M%sT
-# N Baja California
+# Baja California
 Zone America/Tijuana	-7:48:04 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  0:11:56
 			-8:00	-	PST	1927 Jun 10 23:00
 			-7:00	-	MST	1930 Nov 16
 			-8:00	-	PST	1942 Apr
 			-7:00	-	MST	1949 Jan 14
-			-8:00	BajaN	P%sT	1967 Apr lastSun 2:00
+			-8:00	BajaN	P%sT	1976
 			-8:00	US	P%sT	1996
 			-8:00	Mexico	P%sT
-# Baja California
-Zone America/Ensenada	-7:46:28 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  0:13:32
-			-8:00	-	PST	1927 Jun 10 23:00
-			-7:00	-	MST	1930 Nov 16
-			-8:00	-	PST	1942 Apr
-			-7:00	-	MST	1949 Jan 14
-			-8:00	-	PST	1996
-			-8:00	Mexico	P%sT
 #
 # Revillagigedo Is
 # no information
@@ -1132,8 +1231,6 @@ Zone	America/Cayman	-5:25:32 -	LMT	1890		# Georgetown
 			-5:00	-	EST
 
 # Costa Rica
-# Shanks gives some very odd dates for 1991, and stops there.
-# For now, we won't guess further.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	CR	1979	1980	-	Feb	lastSun	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	CR	1979	1980	-	Jun	Sun>=1	0:00	0	S
@@ -1144,23 +1241,24 @@ Rule	CR	1992	only	-	Mar	15	0:00	0	S
 # There are too many San Joses elsewhere, so we'll use `Costa Rica'.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Costa_Rica	-5:36:20 -	LMT	1890		# San Jose
-			-5:36	-	SJMT	1921 Jan 15 # San Jose Mean Time
+			-5:36:20 -	SJMT	1921 Jan 15 # San Jose Mean Time
 			-6:00	CR	C%sT
 # Coco
 # no information; probably like America/Costa_Rica
 
 # Cuba
 
-# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
-# . . .DST is from 2nd Sunday in May to 2nd Sunday in October since 1981.
-# Change at midnight.  In 1979 & 1980, started at 3rd Sunday in March
-# (I think).
-
-# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
-# CUBA                5 H  BEHIND UTC
-# CUBA                4 H  BEHIND UTC    MAR 20 - OCT 8
+# From Arthur David Olson (1999-03-29):
+# The 1999-03-28 exhibition baseball game held in Havana, Cuba, between
+# the Cuban National Team and the Baltimore Orioles was carried live on
+# the Orioles Radio Network, including affiliate WTOP in Washington, DC.
+# During the game, play-by-play announcer Jim Hunter noted that
+# "We'll be losing two hours of sleep...Cuba switched to Daylight Saving
+# Time today."  (The "two hour" remark referred to losing one hour of
+# sleep on 1999-03-28--when the announcers were in Cuba as it switched
+# to DST--and one more hour on 1999-04-04--when the announcers will have
+# returned to Baltimore, which switches on that date.)
 
-# From Shanks (1991):
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Cuba	1928	only	-	Jun	10	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Cuba	1928	only	-	Oct	10	0:00	0	S
@@ -1188,13 +1286,13 @@ Rule	Cuba	1990	1997	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Cuba	1991	1995	-	Oct	Sun>=8	0:00s	0	S
 Rule	Cuba	1996	only	-	Oct	 6	0:00s	0	S
 Rule	Cuba	1997	only	-	Oct	12	0:00s	0	S
-Rule	Cuba	1998	only	-	Mar	29	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Cuba	1998	1999	-	Mar	lastSun	0:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	Cuba	1998	max	-	Oct	lastSun	0:00s	0	S
-Rule	Cuba	1999	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:00s	1:00	D
+Rule	Cuba	2000	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:00s	1:00	D
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	America/Havana	-5:29:28 -	LMT	1890
-			-5:30	-	HMT	1925 Jul 19 12:00 # Havana MT
+			-5:29:36 -	HMT	1925 Jul 19 12:00 # Havana MT
 			-5:00	Cuba	C%sT
 
 # Dominica
@@ -1252,7 +1350,7 @@ Zone America/Guatemala	-6:02:04 -	LMT	1918 Oct 5
 Rule	Haiti	1983	only	-	May	8	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Haiti	1984	1987	-	Apr	lastSun	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Haiti	1983	1987	-	Oct	lastSun	0:00	0	S
-# Shanks says AT is 2:00, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says 1:00s.  Go with IATA.
+# Shanks says AT is 2:00, but IATA SSIM (1991/1997) says 1:00s.  Go with IATA.
 Rule	Haiti	1988	1997	-	Apr	Sun>=1	1:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	Haiti	1988	1997	-	Oct	lastSun	1:00s	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
@@ -1276,11 +1374,11 @@ Zone America/Tegucigalpa -5:48:52 -	LMT	1921 Apr
 # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
 # JAMAICA             5 H  BEHIND UTC
 
-# From Shanks (1991):
+# From Shanks:
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	America/Jamaica	-5:07:12 -	LMT	1890		# Kingston
 			-5:07:12 -	KMT	1912 Feb    # Kingston Mean Time
-			-5:00	-	EST	1974 Jan 6 2:00
+			-5:00	-	EST	1974 Apr 28 2:00
 			-5:00	US	E%sT	1984
 			-5:00	-	EST
 
diff --git a/share/zoneinfo/southamerica b/share/zoneinfo/southamerica
index 3232c5c..f6b7afc 100644
--- a/share/zoneinfo/southamerica
+++ b/share/zoneinfo/southamerica
@@ -1,15 +1,16 @@
-# @(#)southamerica	7.26
+# @(#)southamerica	7.35
+# $FreeBSD$
 
 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
 # tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
 
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-11-22):
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-07-07):
 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
-# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (4th edition),
-# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1995).
+# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition),
+# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999).
 #
-# Gwillim Law <LAW@encmail.encompass.com> writes that a good source
+# Gwillim Law <Gwil_Law@bridge-point.com> writes that a good source
 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
 # published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
@@ -18,16 +19,6 @@
 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1990,
 # and IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
 #
-# The following abbreviations are used in this file.
-# Corrections are welcome!
-#		std	dst
-#		LMT		Local Mean Time
-#	-2:00	FST	FDT	Fernando de Noronha
-#	-3:00	EST	EDT	Eastern Brazil
-#	-4:00	WST	WDT	Western Brazil
-#	-4:00	AST	ADT	Atlantic
-#	-5:00	AST	ADT	Acre
-#
 # Earlier editions of these tables used the North American style (e.g. ARST and
 # ARDT for Argentine Standard and Daylight Time), but the following quote
 # suggests that it's better to use European style (e.g. ART and ARST).
@@ -36,15 +27,24 @@
 #	in Europe and South America.
 #	-- E O Cutler, _New York Times_ (1937-02-14), quoted in
 #	H L Mencken, _The American Language: Supplement I_ (1960), p 466
-
-
-# From Guy Harris:
-# From Official Airline Guide - Worldwide Edition (1987).  Countries not
-# listed here do not observe DST, according to the OAG.  Time zone names
-# are pure inventions, and none are supplied for countries not observing
-# DST; updates from natives would be appreciated.  The times that DST
-# starts and ends are based on the assumption that they switch a 2AM just
-# as everybody else does.
+#
+# Earlier editions of these tables also used the North American style
+# for time zones in Brazil, but this was incorrect, as Brazilians say
+# "summer time".  Reinaldo Goulart, a Sao Paulo businessman active in
+# the railroad sector, writes (1999-07-06):
+#	The subject of time zones is currently a matter of discussion/debate in
+#	Brazil.  Let's say that "the Brasilia time" is considered the
+#	"official time" because Brasilia is the capital city.
+#	The other three time zones are called "Brasilia time "minus one" or
+#	"plus one" or "plus two".  As far as I know there is no such
+#	name/designation as "Eastern Time" or "Central Time".
+# So I invented the following (English-language) abbreviations for now.
+# Corrections are welcome!
+#		std	dst
+#	-2:00	FNT	FNST	Fernando de Noronha
+#	-3:00	BRT	BRST	Brasilia
+#	-4:00	AMT	AMST	Amazon
+#	-5:00	ACT	ACST	Acre
 
 ###############################################################################
 
@@ -81,12 +81,12 @@ Rule	Arg	1963	only	-	Dec	15	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Arg	1964	1966	-	Mar	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Arg	1964	1966	-	Oct	15	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Arg	1967	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Arg	1967	1968	-	Oct	Sun<=7	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Arg	1968	1969	-	Apr	Sun<=7	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Arg	1967	1968	-	Oct	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Arg	1968	1969	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Arg	1974	only	-	Jan	23	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Arg	1974	only	-	May	 1	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Arg	1974	1976	-	Oct	Sun<=7	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Arg	1975	1977	-	Apr	Sun<=7	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Arg	1974	1976	-	Oct	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Arg	1975	1977	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Arg	1985	only	-	Nov	 2	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Arg	1986	only	-	Mar	14	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Arg	1986	1987	-	Oct	25	0:00	1:00	S
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ Rule	Arg	1988	only	-	Dec	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 # Talleres de Hidrografia Naval Argentina
 # (Argentine Naval Hydrography Institute)
 #
-# Shanks gives 1989 Mar 16 and stops after 1990 Mar 4; go with Otero.
+# Shanks stops after 1992-03-01; go with Otero.
 Rule	Arg	1989	1993	-	Mar	Sun>=1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Arg	1989	1992	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	S
 #
@@ -109,6 +109,18 @@ Rule	Arg	1989	1992	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	S
 # time corrections was derogated and no more modifications
 # to the time zones (for daylight saving) are now made.
 #
+# From Rives McDow (2000-01-10):
+# On October 3, 1999, 0:00 local, Argentina implemented daylight savings time,
+# which did not result in the switch of a time zone, as they stayed 9 hours
+# from the International Date Line.  On March 5, 2000, at 0:00 local time,
+# Argentina will come off daylight savings time, which will bring them to 8
+# hours from the International Date Line.
+#
+# From Peter Gradelski via Steffen Thorsen (2000-03-01):
+# We just checked with our San Paulo office and they say the government of
+# Argentina decided not to become one of the countries that go on or off DST.
+# So Buenos Aires should be -3 hours from GMT at all times.
+#
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 #
 # Buenos Aires (BA), Distrito Federal (DF), Santa Cruz (SC),
@@ -116,7 +128,7 @@ Rule	Arg	1989	1992	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	S
 Zone America/Buenos_Aires -3:53:48 -	LMT	1894 Nov
 			-4:16:44 -	CMT	1920 May    # Cordoba Mean Time
 			-4:00	-	ART	1930 Dec
-			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct 5
+			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct  5
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT
 #
 # Santa Fe (SF), Entre Rios (ER), Corrientes (CN), Misiones (MN), Chaco (CC),
@@ -124,7 +136,7 @@ Zone America/Buenos_Aires -3:53:48 -	LMT	1894 Nov
 Zone America/Rosario	-4:02:40 -	LMT	1894 Nov
 			-4:16:44 -	CMT	1920 May
 			-4:00	-	ART	1930 Dec
-			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct 5
+			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct  5
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1991 Jul
 			-3:00	-	ART
 #
@@ -133,7 +145,7 @@ Zone America/Rosario	-4:02:40 -	LMT	1894 Nov
 Zone America/Cordoba	-4:16:44 -	LMT	1894 Nov
 			-4:16:44 -	CMT	1920 May
 			-4:00	-	ART	1930 Dec
-			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct 5
+			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct  5
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1990 Jul
 			-3:00	-	ART
 #
@@ -152,7 +164,7 @@ Zone America/Jujuy	-4:21:12 -	LMT	1894 Nov
 Zone America/Catamarca	-4:23:08 -	LMT	1894 Nov
 			-4:16:44 -	CMT	1920 May
 			-4:00	-	ART	1930 Dec
-			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct 5
+			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct  5
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1990 Jul
 			-3:00	-	ART	1991 Jul
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1992 Jul
@@ -217,54 +229,32 @@ Zone	America/La_Paz	-4:32:36 -	LMT	1890
 # Maranhao (MA), Paraiba (PR), Pernambuco (PE), Piaui (PI), and Rio Grande do
 # Norte (RN), and the eastern part of Para (PA) are all in BR1 without DST.
 
-# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
-# Let's make the following assumptions:
-#
-# * All data in Shanks are correct through 1990.  In particular,
-#   Shanks was right when he said Acre stopped observing DST in mid-1988.
-# * Areas where Shanks reports DST up to 1990, but the IATA reports no DST
-#   in 1995, stopped observing DST in mid-1990.
-#
-# Under these assumptions Brazil needs 7 entries to cover all the distinct
-# time zone histories since 1970:
-#
-# Noronha (UTC-2), Fortaleza (UTC-3), and Manaus (UTC-4) stopped observing DST
-#	in mid-1990.
-# Maceio (UTC-3) stopped observing DST in mid-1990, but started again mid-1995.
-# Sao Paulo (UTC-3) and Cuiaba (UTC-4) always observed DST.
-# Porto Acre (UTC-5) stopped observing DST in mid-1988.
-
-# From Rodrigo Feher <feher@pobox.com> (1998-01-17):
-# Reading "southamerica" file in timezone 7.55 I've found an
-# error. Line 193 say "Territory of Acre". It is not a territory anymore
-# but a state.
-
 # From Marcos Tadeu (1998-09-27):
 # <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/verao1.html">
 # Brazilian official page
 # </a>
 #
-# From Paul Eggert (1998-09-28):
+# From Paul Eggert (1998-10-29):
 # The official decrees referenced below are taken from
 # <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/DecHV.html">
 # Decretos sobre o Horario de Verao no Brasil
-# </a> (1998-09-25, in Portuguese).
+# </a> (1999-10-04, in Portuguese).
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV20466.htm">20,466</a> (1931-10-01)
 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV21896.htm">21,896</a> (1932-01-10)
-Rule	Brazil	1931	only	-	Oct	 3	11:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Brazil	1932	1933	-	Apr	 1	 0:00	0	S
-Rule	Brazil	1932	only	-	Oct	 3	 0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Brazil	1931	only	-	Oct	 3	11:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Brazil	1932	1933	-	Apr	 1	 0:00	0	-
+Rule	Brazil	1932	only	-	Oct	 3	 0:00	1:00	S
 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV23195.htm">23,195</a> (1933-10-10)
 # revoked DST.
 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV27496.htm">27,496</a> (1949-11-24)
 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV27998.htm">27,998</a> (1950-04-13)
-Rule	Brazil	1949	1952	-	Dec	 1	 0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Brazil	1950	only	-	Apr	16	 1:00	0	S
-Rule	Brazil	1951	1952	-	Apr	 1	 0:00	0	S
+Rule	Brazil	1949	1952	-	Dec	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Brazil	1950	only	-	Apr	16	 1:00	0	-
+Rule	Brazil	1951	1952	-	Apr	 1	 0:00	0	-
 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV32308.htm">32,308</a> (1953-02-24)
-Rule	Brazil	1953	only	-	Mar	 1	 0:00	0	S
+Rule	Brazil	1953	only	-	Mar	 1	 0:00	0	-
 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV34724.htm">34,724</a> (1953-11-30)
 # revoked DST.
 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV52700.htm">52,700</a> (1963-10-18)
@@ -272,52 +262,52 @@ Rule	Brazil	1953	only	-	Mar	 1	 0:00	0	S
 # in SP, RJ, GB, MG, ES, due to the prolongation of the drought.
 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV53071.htm">53,071</a> (1963-12-03)
 # extended the above decree to all of the national territory on 12-09.
-Rule	Brazil	1963	only	-	Dec	 9	 0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Brazil	1963	only	-	Dec	 9	 0:00	1:00	S
 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV53604.htm">53,604</a> (1964-02-25)
 # extended summer time by one day to 1964-03-01 00:00 (start of school).
-Rule	Brazil	1964	only	-	Mar	 1	 0:00	0	S
+Rule	Brazil	1964	only	-	Mar	 1	 0:00	0	-
 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV55639.htm">55,639</a> (1965-01-27)
-Rule	Brazil	1965	only	-	Jan	31	 0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Brazil	1965	only	-	Mar	31	 0:00	0	S
+Rule	Brazil	1965	only	-	Jan	31	 0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Brazil	1965	only	-	Mar	31	 0:00	0	-
 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV57303.htm">57,303</a> (1965-11-22)
-Rule	Brazil	1965	only	-	Dec	 1	 0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Brazil	1965	only	-	Dec	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV57843.htm">57,843</a> (1966-02-18)
-Rule	Brazil	1966	1968	-	Mar	 1	 0:00	0	S
-Rule	Brazil	1966	1967	-	Nov	 1	 0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Brazil	1966	1968	-	Mar	 1	 0:00	0	-
+Rule	Brazil	1966	1967	-	Nov	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV63429.htm">63,429</a> (1968-10-15)
 # revoked DST.
 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV91698.htm">91,698</a> (1985-09-27)
-Rule	Brazil	1985	only	-	Nov	 2	 0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Brazil	1985	only	-	Nov	 2	 0:00	1:00	S
 # Decree 92,310 (1986-01-21)
 # Decree 92,463 (1986-03-13)
-Rule	Brazil	1986	only	-	Mar	15	 0:00	0	S
+Rule	Brazil	1986	only	-	Mar	15	 0:00	0	-
 # Decree 93,316 (1986-10-01)
-Rule	Brazil	1986	only	-	Oct	25	 0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Brazil	1987	only	-	Feb	14	 0:00	0	S
+Rule	Brazil	1986	only	-	Oct	25	 0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Brazil	1987	only	-	Feb	14	 0:00	0	-
 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV94922.htm">94,922</a> (1987-09-22)
-Rule	Brazil	1987	only	-	Oct	25	 0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Brazil	1988	only	-	Feb	 7	 0:00	0	S
+Rule	Brazil	1987	only	-	Oct	25	 0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Brazil	1988	only	-	Feb	 7	 0:00	0	-
 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV96676.htm">96,676</a> (1988-09-12)
 # except for the states of AC, AM, PA, RR, RO, and AP (then a territory)
-Rule	Brazil	1988	only	-	Oct	16	 0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Brazil	1989	only	-	Jan	29	 0:00	0	S
+Rule	Brazil	1988	only	-	Oct	16	 0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Brazil	1989	only	-	Jan	29	 0:00	0	-
 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV98077.htm">98,077</a> (1989-08-21)
 # with the same exceptions
-Rule	Brazil	1989	only	-	Oct	15	 0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Brazil	1990	only	-	Feb	11	 0:00	0	S
+Rule	Brazil	1989	only	-	Oct	15	 0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Brazil	1990	only	-	Feb	11	 0:00	0	-
 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV99530.htm">99,530</a> (1990-09-17)
 # adopted by RS, SC, PR, SP, RJ, ES, MG, GO, MS, DF.
 # Decree 99,629 (1990-10-19) adds BA, MT.
-Rule	Brazil	1990	only	-	Oct	21	 0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Brazil	1991	only	-	Feb	17	 0:00	0	S
+Rule	Brazil	1990	only	-	Oct	21	 0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Brazil	1991	only	-	Feb	17	 0:00	0	-
 # <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV1991.htm">Unnumbered decree</a> (1991-09-25)
 # adopted by RS, SC, PR, SP, RJ, ES, MG, BA, GO, MT, MS, DF.
-Rule	Brazil	1991	only	-	Oct	20	 0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Brazil	1992	only	-	Feb	 9	 0:00	0	S
+Rule	Brazil	1991	only	-	Oct	20	 0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Brazil	1992	only	-	Feb	 9	 0:00	0	-
 # <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV1992.htm">Unnumbered decree</a> (1992-10-16)
 # adopted by same states.
-Rule	Brazil	1992	only	-	Oct	25	 0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Brazil	1993	only	-	Jan	31	 0:00	0	S
+Rule	Brazil	1992	only	-	Oct	25	 0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Brazil	1993	only	-	Jan	31	 0:00	0	-
 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV942.htm">942</a> (1993-09-28)
 # adopted by same states, plus AM.
 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV1252.htm">1,252</a> (1994-09-22)
@@ -326,13 +316,13 @@ Rule	Brazil	1993	only	-	Jan	31	 0:00	0	S
 # adopted by same states, plus TO.
 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV1674.htm">1,674</a> (1995-10-13)
 # adds AL, SE.
-Rule	Brazil	1993	1995	-	Oct	Sun>=11	 0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Brazil	1994	1995	-	Feb	Sun>=15	 0:00	0	S
-Rule	Brazil	1996	only	-	Feb	11	 0:00	0	S
+Rule	Brazil	1993	1995	-	Oct	Sun>=11	 0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Brazil	1994	1995	-	Feb	Sun>=15	 0:00	0	-
+Rule	Brazil	1996	only	-	Feb	11	 0:00	0	-
 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV2000.htm">2,000</a> (1996-09-04)
 # adopted by same states, minus AL, SE.
-Rule	Brazil	1996	only	-	Oct	 6	 0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Brazil	1997	only	-	Feb	16	 0:00	0	S
+Rule	Brazil	1996	only	-	Oct	 6	 0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Brazil	1997	only	-	Feb	16	 0:00	0	-
 # From Daniel C. Sobral <dcs@gns.com.br> (1998-02-12):
 # In 1997, the DS began on October 6. The stated reason was that
 # because international television networks ignored Brazil's policy on DS,
@@ -347,81 +337,94 @@ Rule	Brazil	1997	only	-	Feb	16	 0:00	0	S
 # Church Net UK (1997-10-02).
 #
 # Decree 2,317 (1997-09-04), adopted by same states.
-Rule	Brazil	1997	only	-	Oct	 6	 0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Brazil	1997	only	-	Oct	 6	 0:00	1:00	S
 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/figuras/HV2495.JPG">2,495</a>
 # (1998-02-10)
-Rule	Brazil	1998	only	-	Mar	 1	 0:00	0	S
+Rule	Brazil	1998	only	-	Mar	 1	 0:00	0	-
 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/figuras/Hv98.jpg">2,780</a> (1998-09-11)
-# adopted by the same states as before,
-# specifies only the 1998-10-11 and 1999-02-21 transitions;
-# after that, these rules are guesses and are quite possibly wrong,
-# but they are more likely than no DST at all.
-Rule	Brazil	1998	max	-	Oct	Sun>=8	 0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Brazil	1999	max	-	Feb	Sun>=15	 0:00	0	S
+# adopted by the same states as before.
+Rule	Brazil	1998	only	-	Oct	11	 0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Brazil	1999	only	-	Feb	21	 0:00	0	-
+# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/figuras/HV3150.gif">3,150</a>
+# (1999-08-23) adopted by same states.
+# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/DecHV99.gif">3,188</a> (1999-09-30)
+# adds SE, AL, PE, PR, RN, CE, PI, MA and RR.
+# These give only one year's rules.  After that, the rules are guesses
+# and are quite possibly wrong, but are more likely than no DST at all.
+Rule	Brazil	1999	max	-	Oct	Sun>=1	 0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Brazil	2000	max	-	Feb	lastSun	 0:00	0	-
 
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 #
 # Fernando de Noronha
 Zone America/Noronha	-2:09:40 -	LMT	1914
-			-2:00	Brazil	F%sT	1990 Jul
-			-2:00	-	FST
+			-2:00	Brazil	FN%sT	1990 Sep 17
+			-2:00	-	FNT
 #
-# Amapa, east Para
+# Amapa (AP), east Para (PA)
 Zone America/Belem	-3:13:56 -	LMT	1914
-			-3:00	Brazil	E%sT	1988 Jul
-			-3:00	-	EST
+			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	1988 Sep 12
+			-3:00	-	BRT
 #
-# Maranhao, Piaui, Ceara, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraiba,
-# Pernambuco (except Fernando de Noronha)
+# Maranhao (MA), Piaui (PI), Ceara (CE), Rio Grande do Norte (RN),
+# Paraiba (PB), Pernambuco (PE) (except Fernando de Noronha)
 Zone America/Fortaleza	-2:34:00 -	LMT	1914
-			-3:00	Brazil	E%sT	1990 Jul
-			-3:00	-	EST
+			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	1990 Sep 17
+			-3:00	-	BRT	1999 Sep 30
+			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT
 #
-# Tocantins
+# Tocantins (TO)
 Zone America/Araguaina	-3:12:48 -	LMT	1914
-			-3:00	Brazil	E%sT	1990 Jul
-			-3:00	-	EST	1995 Jul
-			-3:00	Brazil	E%sT
+			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	1990 Sep 17
+			-3:00	-	BRT	1995 Sep 14
+			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT
 #
-# Alagoas, Sergipe
+# Alagoas (AL), Sergipe (SE)
 Zone America/Maceio	-2:22:52 -	LMT	1914
-			-3:00	Brazil	E%sT	1990 Jul
-			-3:00	-	EST	1995 Jul
-			-3:00	Brazil	E%sT	1996 Jul
-			-3:00	-	EST
-#
-# Bahia, Goias, Distrito Federal, Minas Gerais, Espirito Santo, Rio de Janeiro,
-# Sao Paulo, Parana, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul
+			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	1990 Sep 17
+			-3:00	-	BRT	1995 Oct 13
+			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	1996 Sep  4
+			-3:00	-	BRT	1999 Sep 30
+			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT
+#
+# Bahia (BA), Goias (GO), Distrito Federal (DF), Minas Gerais (MG),
+# Espirito Santo (ES), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Sao Paulo (SP), Parana (PR),
+# Santa Catarina (SC), Rio Grande do Sul (RS)
 Zone America/Sao_Paulo	-3:06:28 -	LMT	1914
-			-3:00	Brazil	E%sT	1963 Oct 23 00:00
-			-3:00	-	EDT	1964
-			-3:00	Brazil	E%sT
+			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	1963 Oct 23 00:00
+			-3:00	1:00	BRST	1964
+			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT
 #
 # Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul
 Zone America/Cuiaba	-3:44:20 -	LMT	1914
-			-4:00	Brazil	W%sT	1990 Jul
-			-4:00	-	WST
+			-4:00	Brazil	AM%sT
 #
-# Roraima, west Para, Rondonia
+# west Para (PA), Rondonia (RO)
 Zone America/Porto_Velho -4:15:36 -	LMT	1914
-			-4:00	Brazil	W%sT	1988 Jul
-			-4:00	-	WST
+			-4:00	Brazil	AM%sT	1988 Sep 12
+			-4:00	-	AMT
+#
+# Roraima (RR)
+Zone America/Boa_Vista	-4:02:40 -	LMT	1914
+			-4:00	Brazil	AM%sT	1988 Sep 12
+			-4:00	-	AMT	1999 Sep 30
+			-4:00	Brazil	AM%sT
 #
-# Amazonas
+# Amazonas (AM)
 Zone America/Manaus	-4:00:04 -	LMT	1914
-			-4:00	Brazil	W%sT	1988 Jul
-			-4:00	-	WST	1993 Jul
-			-4:00	Brazil	W%sT	1994 Jul
-			-4:00	-	WST
+			-4:00	Brazil	AM%sT	1988 Sep 12
+			-4:00	-	AMT	1993 Sep 28
+			-4:00	Brazil	AM%sT	1994 Sep 22
+			-4:00	-	AMT
 #
-# Acre
+# Acre (AC)
 # Rio_Branco is too ambiguous, since there's a Rio Branco in Uruguay too.
 Zone America/Porto_Acre	-4:31:12 -	LMT	1914
-			-5:00	Brazil	A%sT	1988 Jul
-			-5:00	-	AST
+			-5:00	Brazil	AC%sT	1988 Sep 12
+			-5:00	-	ACT
 #
-# Martin Vaz and Trinidade are like America/Noronha.
+# Martin Vaz and Trindade are like America/Noronha.
 
 
 # Chile
@@ -434,17 +437,23 @@ Zone America/Porto_Acre	-4:31:12 -	LMT	1914
 # DST earlier (saturday 9/26 at 24:00). This is a one-time change only ...
 # (unless there's another dry season next year, I guess).
 
+# From Julio I. Pacheco Troncoso (1999-03-18):
+# Because of the same drought, the government decided to end DST later,
+# on April 3, (one-time change).
+
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Chile	1918	only	-	Sep	1	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Chile	1919	only	-	Jul	2	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Chile	1927	1931	-	Sep	1	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Chile	1928	1932	-	Apr	1	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Chile	1918	only	-	Sep	 1	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Chile	1919	only	-	Jul	 2	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Chile	1927	1931	-	Sep	 1	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Chile	1928	1932	-	Apr	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Chile	1969	1997	-	Oct	Sun>=9	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Chile	1970	max	-	Mar	Sun>=9	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Chile	1970	1998	-	Mar	Sun>=9	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Chile	1998	only	-	Sep	27	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Chile	1999	only	-	Apr	 4	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Chile	1999	max	-	Oct	Sun>=9	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Chile	2000	max	-	Mar	Sun>=9	0:00	0	-
 # IATA SSIM anomalies: (1990-09) says 1990-09-16; (1992-02) says 1992-03-14;
-# (1996-09) says 1998-03-08.  Ignore these for now.
+# (1996-09) says 1998-03-08.  Ignore these.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Santiago	-4:42:40 -	LMT	1890
 			-4:42:40 -	SMT	1910	    # Santiago Mean Time
@@ -461,9 +470,10 @@ Zone Pacific/Easter	-7:17:28 -	LMT	1890	    # Mataveri
 
 
 # Colombia
+# Shanks specifies 24:00 for 1992 transition times; go with IATA,
+# as it seems implausible to change clocks at midnight New Year's Eve.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	CO	1992	only	-	May	 2	0:00	1:00	S
-# Shanks (1995) estimates 1993-04-03 24:00 for this; go with IATA.
 Rule	CO	1992	only	-	Dec	31	0:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	America/Bogota	-4:56:20 -	LMT	1884 Mar 13
@@ -473,7 +483,7 @@ Zone	America/Bogota	-4:56:20 -	LMT	1884 Mar 13
 # no information; probably like America/Bogota
 
 # Curacao
-# Shanks (1995) says that Bottom and Oranjestad have been at -4:00 since
+# Shanks says that Bottom and Oranjestad have been at -4:00 since
 # standard time was introduced on 1912-03-02; and that Kralendijk and Rincon
 # used Kralendijk Mean Time (-4:33:08) from 1912-02-02 to 1965-01-01.
 # This all predates our 1970 cutoff, though.
@@ -527,22 +537,14 @@ Zone	America/Guyana	-3:52:40 -	LMT	1915 Mar	# Georgetown
 			-4:00	-	GYT
 
 # Paraguay
-
-# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
-# Paraguay: First day in October to last in March.  Midnight switch??
-# Since 1980.
-
-# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
-# PARAGUAY            4 H  BEHIND UTC
-# PARAGUAY            3 H  BEHIND UTC    OCT 1, '88-MAR 31, '89
-
-# From Shanks (1991):
+# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
+# Shanks (1999) says that spring transitions are from 01:00 -> 02:00,
+# and autumn transitions are from 00:00 -> 23:00.  Go with earlier
+# editions of Shanks, and with the IATA, who say transitions occur at 00:00.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Para	1975	1978	-	Oct	 1	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Para	1975	1988	-	Oct	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Para	1975	1978	-	Mar	 1	0:00	0	-
-# Shanks says 1979 was all DST.
-Rule	Para	1980	1991	-	Apr	 1	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Para	1980	1988	-	Oct	 1	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Para	1979	1991	-	Apr	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Para	1989	only	-	Oct	22	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Para	1990	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Para	1991	only	-	Oct	 6	0:00	1:00	S
@@ -551,9 +553,16 @@ Rule	Para	1992	only	-	Oct	 5	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Para	1993	only	-	Mar	31	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Para	1993	1995	-	Oct	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Para	1994	1995	-	Feb	lastSun	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Para	1996	1998	-	Mar	 1	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Para	1996	max	-	Oct	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Para	1996	only	-	Mar	 1	0:00	0	-
+# IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Mar 1; go with Shanks.
+Rule	Para	1997	only	-	Feb	lastSun	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Para	1998	only	-	Mar	 1	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Para	1996	1998	-	Oct	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	S
+# IATA SSIM (1999-02) says lastSat, not lastSun; (1999-09) reports no date;
+# go with Shanks.
 Rule	Para	1999	max	-	Feb	lastSun	0:00	0	-
+# IATA SSIM (2000-02) says 1999-10-10.
+Rule	Para	1999	max	-	Oct	Sun>=8	0:00	1:00	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Asuncion	-3:50:40 -	LMT	1890
 			-3:50:40 -	AMT	1931 Oct 10 # Asuncion Mean Time
@@ -571,8 +580,9 @@ Rule	Peru	1987	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Peru	1987	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Peru	1990	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Peru	1990	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Peru	1993	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Peru	1993	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	0	-
+# IATA is ambiguous for 1993/1995; go with Shanks.
+Rule	Peru	1994	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Peru	1994	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	America/Lima	-5:08:12 -	LMT	1890
 			-5:09	-	LMT	1908 Jul 28 # Lima Mean Time
@@ -584,7 +594,7 @@ Zone Atlantic/South_Georgia -2:26:08 -	LMT	1890		# Grytviken
 			-2:00	-	GST	# South Georgia Time
 
 # South Sandwich Is
-# uninhabited
+# uninhabited; scientific personnel have wintered
 
 # Suriname
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
@@ -603,7 +613,7 @@ Zone America/Port_of_Spain -4:06:04 -	LMT	1912 Mar 2
 # Uruguay
 # From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1993-11-18):
 # Uruguay wins the prize for the strangest peacetime manipulation of the rules.
-# From Shanks (1991):
+# From Shanks:
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 # Whitman gives 1923 Oct 1; go with Shanks.
 Rule	Uruguay	1923	only	-	Oct	 2	 0:00	0:30	HS
@@ -645,10 +655,10 @@ Rule	Uruguay	1988	only	-	Mar	14	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Uruguay	1988	only	-	Dec	11	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Uruguay	1989	only	-	Mar	12	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Uruguay	1989	only	-	Oct	29	 0:00	1:00	S
+# Shanks says no DST was observed in 1990/1 and 1991/2,
+# and that 1992/3's DST was from 10-25 to 03-01.  Go with IATA.
 Rule	Uruguay	1990	1992	-	Mar	Sun>=1	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Uruguay	1990	1991	-	Oct	Sun>=21	 0:00	1:00	S
-# Shanks's 4th edition (1995) says no DST was observed in 1990/1 and 1991/2,
-# and that 1992/3's DST was from 10-25 to 03-01.  Go with IATA.
 Rule	Uruguay	1992	only	-	Oct	18	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Uruguay	1993	only	-	Feb	28	 0:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
diff --git a/share/zoneinfo/zone.tab b/share/zoneinfo/zone.tab
index 74a8f4b..7908cde 100644
--- a/share/zoneinfo/zone.tab
+++ b/share/zoneinfo/zone.tab
@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+# @(#)zone.tab	1.18
+#
+# $FreeBSD$
+#
 # TZ zone descriptions
 #
 # From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-08-05):
@@ -36,6 +40,7 @@ AQ	-6736+06253	Antarctica/Mawson	Mawson Station, Holme Bay
 AQ	-6835+07758	Antarctica/Davis	Davis Station, Vestfold Hills
 AQ	-6617+11031	Antarctica/Casey	Casey Station, Bailey Peninsula
 AQ	-6640+14001	Antarctica/DumontDUrville	Dumont-d'Urville Base, Terre Adelie
+AQ	-690022+0393524	Antarctica/Syowa	Syowa Station, E Ongul I
 AR	-3436-05827	America/Buenos_Aires	E Argentina (BA, DF, SC, TF)
 AR	-3257-06040	America/Rosario	NE Argentina (SF, ER, CN, MN, CC, FM, LP, CH)
 AR	-3124-06411	America/Cordoba	W Argentina (CB, SA, TM, LR, SJ, SL, NQ, RN)
@@ -75,7 +80,8 @@ BR	-0712-04812	America/Araguaina	Tocantins
 BR	-0940-03543	America/Maceio	Alagoas, Sergipe
 BR	-2332-04637	America/Sao_Paulo	S & SE Brazil (BA, GO, DF, MG, ES, RJ, SP, PR, SC, RS)
 BR	-1535-05605	America/Cuiaba	Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul
-BR	-0846-06354	America/Porto_Velho	W Para, Rondonia, Roraima
+BR	-0846-06354	America/Porto_Velho	W Para, Rondonia
+BR	+0249-06040	America/Boa_Vista	Roraima
 BR	-0308-06001	America/Manaus	Amazonas
 BR	-0934-06731	America/Porto_Acre	Acre
 BS	+2505-07721	America/Nassau
@@ -87,14 +93,15 @@ CA	+4734-05243	America/St_Johns	Newfoundland Island
 CA	+4439-06336	America/Halifax	Atlantic Time - Nova Scotia (most places), NB, W Labrador, E Quebec & PEI
 CA	+4612-05957	America/Glace_Bay	Atlantic Time - Nova Scotia - places that did not observe DST 1966-1971
 CA	+5320-06025	America/Goose_Bay	Atlantic Time - E Labrador
-CA	+6608-06544	America/Pangnirtung	Atlantic Time - Northwest Territories
 CA	+4531-07334	America/Montreal	Eastern Time - Ontario & Quebec - most locations
 CA	+4901-08816	America/Nipigon	Eastern Time - Ontario & Quebec - places that did not observe DST 1967-1973
 CA	+4823-08915	America/Thunder_Bay	Eastern Time - Thunder Bay, Ontario
-CA	+6344-06828	America/Iqaluit	Eastern Time - Northwest Territories
 CA	+4953-09709	America/Winnipeg	Central Time - Manitoba & west Ontario
 CA	+4843-09429	America/Rainy_River	Central Time - Rainy River & Fort Frances, Ontario
-CA	+6245-09210	America/Rankin_Inlet	Central Time - Northwest Territories
+CA	+6608-06544	America/Pangnirtung	Central Time - Pangnirtung, Nunavut
+CA	+6344-06828	America/Iqaluit	Central Time - east Nunavut
+CA	+6245-09210	America/Rankin_Inlet	Central Time - central Nunavut
+CA	+6903-10505	America/Cambridge_Bay	Central Time - west Nunavut
 CA	+5024-10439	America/Regina	Central Standard Time - Saskatchewan - most locations
 CA	+5017-10750	America/Swift_Current	Central Standard Time - Saskatchewan - midwest
 CA	+5333-11328	America/Edmonton	Mountain Time - Alberta, east British Columbia & west Saskatchewan
@@ -117,7 +124,6 @@ CL	-2710-10927	Pacific/Easter	Easter Island
 CM	+0403+00942	Africa/Douala
 CN	+4545+12641	Asia/Harbin	north Manchuria
 CN	+3114+12128	Asia/Shanghai	China coast
-CN	+2217+11409	Asia/Hong_Kong	Hong Kong
 CN	+2934+10635	Asia/Chungking	China mountains
 CN	+4348+08735	Asia/Urumqi	Tibet & Xinjiang
 CN	+3929+07559	Asia/Kashgar	Eastern Turkestan
@@ -174,6 +180,7 @@ GT	+1438-09031	America/Guatemala
 GU	+1328+14445	Pacific/Guam
 GW	+1151-01535	Africa/Bissau
 GY	+0648-05810	America/Guyana
+HK	+2217+11409	Asia/Hong_Kong
 HN	+1406-08713	America/Tegucigalpa
 HR	+4548+01558	Europe/Zagreb
 HT	+1832-07220	America/Port-au-Prince
@@ -220,7 +227,8 @@ LV	+5657+02406	Europe/Riga
 LY	+3254+01311	Africa/Tripoli
 MA	+3339-00735	Africa/Casablanca
 MC	+4342+00723	Europe/Monaco
-MD	+4700+02850	Europe/Chisinau
+MD	+4700+02850	Europe/Chisinau	most locations
+MD	+4651+02938	Europe/Tiraspol	Transdniestria
 MG	-1855+04731	Indian/Antananarivo
 MH	+0709+17112	Pacific/Majuro	most locations
 MH	+0905+16720	Pacific/Kwajalein	Kwajalein
@@ -228,7 +236,8 @@ MK	+4159+02126	Europe/Skopje
 ML	+1239-00800	Africa/Bamako	southwest Mali
 ML	+1446-00301	Africa/Timbuktu	northeast Mali
 MM	+1647+09610	Asia/Rangoon
-MN	+4755+10653	Asia/Ulan_Bator
+MN	+4755+10653	Asia/Ulaanbaatar	most locations
+MN	+4801+09139	Asia/Hovd	Bayan-Olgiy, Hovd, Uvs
 MO	+2214+11335	Asia/Macao
 MP	+1512+14545	Pacific/Saipan
 MQ	+1436-06105	America/Martinique
@@ -238,12 +247,12 @@ MT	+3554+01431	Europe/Malta
 MU	-2010+05730	Indian/Mauritius
 MV	+0410+07330	Indian/Maldives
 MW	-1547+03500	Africa/Blantyre
-MX	+2105-08646	America/Cancun	Eastern Time
-MX	+1924-09909	America/Mexico_City	Central Time
-MX	+2313-10625	America/Mazatlan	Mountain Time - most locations
+MX	+1924-09909	America/Mexico_City	Central Time - most locations
+MX	+2105-08646	America/Cancun	Central Time - Quintana Roo
+MX	+2313-10625	America/Mazatlan	Mountain Time - S Baja, Nayarit, Sinaloa
 MX	+2838-10605	America/Chihuahua	Mountain Time - Chihuahua
-MX	+3152-11637	America/Ensenada	Pacific Time - most locations
-MX	+3232-11701	America/Tijuana	Pacific Time - north Baja California
+MX	+2904-11058	America/Hermosillo	Mountain Standard Time - Sonora
+MX	+3232-11701	America/Tijuana	Pacific Time
 MY	+0310+10142	Asia/Kuala_Lumpur	peninsular Malaysia
 MY	+0133+11020	Asia/Kuching	Sabah & Sarawak
 MZ	-2558+03235	Africa/Maputo
@@ -326,13 +335,16 @@ TK	-0922-17114	Pacific/Fakaofo
 TM	+3757+05823	Asia/Ashkhabad
 TN	+3648+01011	Africa/Tunis
 TO	-2110+17510	Pacific/Tongatapu
+TP	-0833+12535	Asia/Dili
 TR	+4101+02858	Europe/Istanbul
 TT	+1039-06131	America/Port_of_Spain
 TV	-0831+17913	Pacific/Funafuti
 TW	+2503+12130	Asia/Taipei
 TZ	-0648+03917	Africa/Dar_es_Salaam
 UA	+5026+03031	Europe/Kiev	most locations
-UA	+4457+03406	Europe/Simferopol	Crimea
+UA	+4837+02218	Europe/Uzhgorod	Ruthenia
+UA	+4750+03510	Europe/Zaporozhye	Zaporozh'ye, E Lugansk
+UA	+4457+03406	Europe/Simferopol	central Crimea
 UG	+0019+03225	Africa/Kampala
 UM	+1700-16830	Pacific/Johnston	Johnston Atoll
 UM	+2813-17722	Pacific/Midway	Midway Islands