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author | peter <peter@FreeBSD.org> | 1995-12-30 19:02:48 +0000 |
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committer | peter <peter@FreeBSD.org> | 1995-12-30 19:02:48 +0000 |
commit | ab124e78b0271ddb904b761b31e5c9a0cf24e070 (patch) | |
tree | 0cf1447720c45721ed3d214a4eaaa6834bda155d /share | |
parent | 15748830d0fcd29294a1969a1012655e74908c1e (diff) | |
download | FreeBSD-src-ab124e78b0271ddb904b761b31e5c9a0cf24e070.zip FreeBSD-src-ab124e78b0271ddb904b761b31e5c9a0cf24e070.tar.gz |
recording cvs-1.6 file death
Diffstat (limited to 'share')
137 files changed, 0 insertions, 24383 deletions
diff --git a/share/FAQ/CONTRIB.FreeBSD b/share/FAQ/CONTRIB.FreeBSD deleted file mode 100644 index 6b77670..0000000 --- a/share/FAQ/CONTRIB.FreeBSD +++ /dev/null @@ -1,245 +0,0 @@ - FreeBSD 2.0 - Contributor List - - - -Derived Software Contributors: - -This software was originally derived from William F. Jolitz's 386BSD -release 0.1, though almost none of the original 386BSD specific code -remains. This software has been essentially reimplemented from the -4.4 BSD Lite release provided by the Computer Science Research Group -(CSRG) at the University of California, Berkeley and associated academic -contributors. - -There are also portions of NetBSD that have been integrated into FreeBSD -as well, and we would therefore like to thank all the contributors -to NetBSD for their work. Despite some occasionally rocky moments in -relations between the two groups, we both want essentially the same -thing: More BSD based operating systems on people's computers! We -wish the NetBSD group every success in their endevors. - - -Hardware Contributors: - -A special thank-you to Walnut Creek CDROM for providing the Pentium P5-90 -and 486/DX2-66 EISA/VL systems that are being used for our development work, -to say nothing of the network access and other donations of hardware -resources. It would have been impossible to do this release without -their support. - -TRW Financial Systems, Inc. provided 130 PCs, three 68 GB fileservers, -twelve ethernets, two routers and an ATM switch for debugging the diskless -code. They also keep a couple of FreeBSD hackers alive and busy. Thanks! - -Thanks also to Dermot McDonnell for his donation of a Toshiba XM3401B CDROM -drive. It's been most useful! - - -The FreeBSD Core Team [also the Board of Directors for The FreeBSD Project] -(in alphabetical order): - - Andreas Schulz <ats@FreeBSD.org> - Andrey A. Chernov <ache@FreeBSD.org> - Bruce Evans <bde@FreeBSD.org> - David Greenman <davidg@FreeBSD.org> - Garrett A. Wollman <wollman@FreeBSD.org> - Gary Palmer <gpalmer@FreeBSD.org> - Geoff Rehmet <csgr@FreeBSD.org> - Jack Vogel <jackv@FreeBSD.org> - John Dyson <dyson@FreeBSD.org> - Jordan K. Hubbard <jkh@FreeBSD.org> - Justin Gibbs <gibbs@FreeBSD.org> - Nate Williams <nate@FreeBSD.org> - Paul Richards <paul@FreeBSD.org> - Poul-Henning Kamp <phk@FreeBSD.org> - Rich Murphey <rich@FreeBSD.org> - Rodney W. Grimes <rgrimes@FreeBSD.org> - SЬren Schmidt <sos@FreeBSD.org> - - -Officers, The FreeBSD Project: - - President: Jordan K. Hubbard <jkh@FreeBSD.org> - Principle Architect: David Greenman <davidg@FreeBSD.org> - - -Directors, The FreeBSD Project: - - Documentation: John Fieber <jfieber@FreeBSD.org> - Internationalization: Andrey A. Chernov <ache@FreeBSD.org> - Networking: Garrett A. Wollman <wollman@FreeBSD.org> - Postmaster: Jonathan M. Bresler <jmb@FreeBSD.org> - Release Coordinator: Poul-Henning Kamp <phk@FreeBSD.org> - System Administration: Gary Palmer <gpalmer@FreeBSD.org> - WEBMASTERS: John Fieber <jfieber@FreeBSD.org> and - James L. Robinson <jlrobin@FreeBSD.org> - XFree86 Project, Inc: (Liaison) Rich Murphey <rich@FreeBSD.org> - - -Additional FreeBSD Contributors -(in alphabetical order by first name, just to be different): - -Adam Glass <glass@postgres.berkeley.edu> -Andreas Klemm <andreas@knobel.GUN.de> -Andrew Herbert <andrew@werple.apana.org.au> -Andrew Moore <alm@FreeBSD.org> -Atsushi Murai <amurai@spec.co.jp> -Bill Paul <wpaul@FreeBSD.org> -Bob Wilcox <bob@obiwan.uucp> -Bruce Evans <bde@kralizec.zeta.org.au> -Charles Hannum <mycroft@ai.mit.edu> -Chris G. Demetriou <cgd@postgres.berkeley.edu> -Christian Gusenbauer <cg@fimp01.fim.uni-linz.ac.at> -Chris Torek <torek@ee.lbl.gov> -Christoph Robitschko <chmr@edvz.tu-graz.ac.at> -Curt Mayer <curt@toad.com> -Dave Burgess <burgess@hrd769.brooks.af.mil> -Dave Rivers <rivers@ponds.uucp> -David Dawes <dawes@physics.su.OZ.AU> -Frank Maclachlan <fpm@crash.cts.com> -Gary A. Browning <gab10@griffcd.amdahl.com> -Gary Clark II <gclarkii@radon.gbdata.com> -Gary Jennejohn <gj%pcs.dec.com@inet-gw-1.pa.dec.com> -Gene Stark <stark@cs.sunysb.edu> -Guido van Rooij <guido@gvr.win.tue.nl> -Havard Eidnes <Havard.Eidnes@runit.sintef.no> -Holger Veit <Holger.Veit@gmd.de> -Ishii Masahiro, R. Kym Horsell -J.T. Conklin <jtc@winsey.com> -James Clark <jjc@jclark.com> -James da Silva <jds@cs.umd.edu> et al -Jim Wilson <wilson@moria.cygnus.com> -JЖrg Wunsch <joerg_wunsch@uriah.heep.sax.de> -Julian Elischer <julian@dialix.oz.au> -Julian Stacey <stacey@guug.de> <fallback: <julian@meepmeep.pcs.com>> -Keith Bostic <bostic@toe.CS.Berkeley.EDU> -Keith Moore <?> -L Jonas Olsson <ljo@po.cwru.edu> -Marc Frajola <marc@escargot.rain.com> -Mark Murray <mark@grondar.za> -Mark Tinguely <tinguely@plains.nodak.edu> <tinguely@hookie.cs.ndsu.NoDak.edu> -Martin Birgmeier -Matt Thomas <thomas@lkg.dec.com> -Ollivier Robert <roberto@FreeBSD.org> -Paul Kranenburg <pk@cs.few.eur.nl> -Paul Mackerras <paulus@cs.anu.edu.au> -Paul Traina <pst@cisco.com> -Poul-Henning Kamp <phk@login.dkuug.dk> -Chris Provenzano <proven@athena.mit.edu> -Rob Shady <rls@id.net> -Sascha Wildner <swildner@channelz.GUN.de> -Satoshi Asami <asami@FreeBSD.org> -Scott Mace <smace@FreeBSD.org> -Sean Eric Fagan <sef@kithrup.com> -Serge V. Vakulenko <vak@zebub.msk.su> -Stefan Esser <se@MI.Uni-Koeln.DE> -Stephen McKay <syssgm@devetir.qld.gov.au> -Steven Wallace <swallace@ece.uci.edu> -SЬren Schmidt <sos@login.dkuug.dk> -Tatsumi Hosokawa <hosokawa@mt.cs.keio.ac.jp> -Terry Lee <terry@uivlsi.csl.uiuc.edu> -Theo Deraadt <deraadt@fsa.ca> -Ugen J.S.Antsilevich <ugen@NetVision.net.il> -Wolfgang Stanglmeier <wolf@kintaro.cologne.de> -Wolfram Schneider <wosch@cs.tu-berlin.de> -Yuval Yarom <yval@cs.huji.ac.il> -Yves Fonk <yves@cpcoup5.tn.tudelft.nl> - - -386BSD Patch kit patch contributors (in alphabetical order): - -Adam Glass <glass@postgres.berkeley.edu> -Adrian Hall <adrian@ibmpcug.co.uk> -Andrey A. Chernov <ache@astral.msk.su> -Andrew Herbert <andrew@werple.apana.org.au> -Andrew Moore <alm@netcom.com> -Andy Valencia <ajv@csd.mot.com> <jtk@netcom.com> -Arne Henrik Juul <arnej@Lise.Unit.NO> -Bakul Shah <bvs@bitblocks.com> -Barry Lustig <barry@ictv.com> -Bob Wilcox <bob@obiwan.uucp> -Branko Lankester -Brett Lymn <blymn@mulga.awadi.com.AU> -Bruce Evans <bde@kralizec.zeta.org.au> -Charles Hannum <mycroft@ai.mit.edu> -Chris G. Demetriou <cgd@postgres.berkeley.edu> -Chris Torek <torek@ee.lbl.gov> -Christoph Robitschko <chmr@edvz.tu-graz.ac.at> -Daniel Poirot <poirot@aio.jsc.nasa.gov> -Dave Burgess <burgess@hrd769.brooks.af.mil> -Dave Rivers <rivers@ponds.uucp> -David Dawes <dawes@physics.su.OZ.AU> -David Greenman <davidg@Root.COM> -Eric J. Haug <ejh@slustl.slu.edu> -Felix Gaehtgens <felix@escape.vsse.in-berlin.de> -Frank Maclachlan <fpm@crash.cts.com> -Gary A. Browning <gab10@griffcd.amdahl.com> -Geoff Rehmet <csgr@alpha.ru.ac.za> -Goran Hammarback <goran@astro.uu.se> -Guido van Rooij <guido@gvr.win.tue.nl> -Guy Harris <guy@auspex.com> -Havard Eidnes <Havard.Eidnes@runit.sintef.no> -Herb Peyerl <hpeyerl@novatel.cuc.ab.ca -Holger Veit <Holger.Veit@gmd.de> -Ishii Masahiro, R. Kym Horsell -J.T. Conklin <jtc@winsey.com> -Jagane D Sundar < jagane@netcom.com > -James Clark <jjc@jclark.com> -James Jegers <jimj@miller.cs.uwm.edu> -James W. Dolter -James da Silva <jds@cs.umd.edu> et al -Jay Fenlason <hack@datacube.com> -Jim Wilson <wilson@moria.cygnus.com> -Joerg Lohse <lohse@tech7.informatik.uni-hamburg.de> -JЖrg Wunsch <joerg_wunsch@uriah.heep.sax.de> -John Dyson - <formerly dyson@ref.tfs.com> -John Woods <jfw@eddie.mit.edu> -Jordan K. Hubbard <jkh@whisker.hubbard.ie> -Julian Elischer <julian@dialix.oz.au> -Julian Stacey <stacey@guug.de> <fallback: <julian@meepmeep.pcs.com>> -Karl Lehenbauer <karl@NeoSoft.com> <karl@one.neosoft.com> -Keith Bostic <bostic@toe.CS.Berkeley.EDU> -Ken Hughes -Kent Talarico <kent@shipwreck.tsoft.net> -Kevin Lahey <kml%rokkaku.UUCP@mathcs.emory.edu> <kml@mosquito.cis.ufl.edu> -Marc Frajola <marc@escargot.rain.com> -Mark Tinguely <tinguely@plains.nodak.edu> <tinguely@hookie.cs.ndsu.NoDak.edu> -Martin Renters <martin@innovus.com> -Michael Galassi <nerd@percival.rain.com> -Mike Durkin <mdurkin@tsoft.sf-bay.org> -Nate Williams <nate@bsd.coe.montana.edu> -Nick Handel <nhandel@NeoSoft.com> <nick@madhouse.neosoft.com> -Pace Willisson <pace@blitz.com> -Paul Kranenburg <pk@cs.few.eur.nl> -Paul Mackerras <paulus@cs.anu.edu.au> -Paul Popelka <paulp@uts.amdahl.com> -Peter da Silva <peter@NeoSoft.com> -Phil Sutherland <philsuth@mycroft.dialix.oz.au> -Poul-Henning Kamp <phk@login.dkuug.dk> -Ralf Friedl <friedl@informatik.uni-kl.de> -Rich Murphey <rich@lamprey.utmb.edu> -Rick Macklem <root@snowhite.cis.uoguelph.ca> -Robert D. Thrush <rd@phoenix.aii.com> -Rodney W. Grimes <rgrimes@cdrom.com> -Rog Egge <?> -Sascha Wildner <swildner@channelz.GUN.de> -Scott Burris <scott@pita.cns.ucla.edu> -Scott Reynolds <scott@clmqt.marquette.mi.us> -Sean Eric Fagan <sef@kithrup.com> -Simon J Gerraty <sjg@melb.bull.oz.au> <sjg@zen.void.oz.au> -Stephen McKay <syssgm@devetir.qld.gov.au> -Terry Lambert <terry@icarus.weber.edu> -Terry Lee <terry@uivlsi.csl.uiuc.edu> -Warren Toomey <wkt@csadfa.cs.adfa.oz.au> -Wiljo Heinen <wiljo@freeside.ki.open.de> -William Jolitz <withheld> -Wolfgang Solfrank <ws@tools.de> -Wolfgang Stanglmeier <wolf@dentaro.GUN.de> -Yuval Yarom <yval@cs.huji.ac.il> - -Last, but not least, the release engineer would like to thank: - His Wife, for chocolate chip cookies, and some other things. - The DGB project @ TFS, for patience and tolerance. - -$Id: CONTRIB.FreeBSD,v 1.24 1995/03/16 22:01:57 phk Exp $ diff --git a/share/FAQ/DISKSPACE.FAQ b/share/FAQ/DISKSPACE.FAQ deleted file mode 100644 index 14bd082..0000000 --- a/share/FAQ/DISKSPACE.FAQ +++ /dev/null @@ -1,265 +0,0 @@ - How to assign disk space to FreeBSD. - -1.0 Getting started. ---------------------- - -After a general introduction, you will find some explanation on what you -need to do to assign space to FreeBSD on your disk(s). This is done -through the "sysinstall" program, which lives on the inital boot floppy. -Those already expert with PCs may wish to skip ahead to section 1.2, the -rest of you may (or may not) enjoy the brief history lesson. - - -1.1 The ins and outs of allocating disk storage on your PC. ------------------------------------------------------------- - -Modern hard disk drives are now getting big enough that people don't want -to allocate all of one to just one operating system anymore, especially -given the increasing size of disk drives (the latest 9.0 Gbyte models -holding the equivalent of some six thousand 1.44MB floppies!) and the -virtual explosion of operating system options available for the PC. To -solve this problem, IBM came up with a scheme for "slicing" the disks -into more manageable chunks, or partitions. It works, but only just. -To better understand why, first a brief bit of history: - -MS-DOS, when hard disk support was unceremoniously grafted on back in the -late eighties, didn't have such "slices". What it had was a way to install -Xenix and MS-DOS on the same disk (Remember when Microsoft were in the UNIX -business?). - -In the first sector on the disk was a piece of "primary boot code" and a -table with four entries. Each of those entries pointed at an arbitrary -slice of the disk, with one of them was marked "active". The machine would -boot by reading the first sector containing the boot code into RAM and then -jumping to it. The job of this small piece of boot code was to look at -the 4 entry table and decide which OS was to be booted by looking -for the "active" flag. It would go and load the first sector of that slice -of the disk into RAM and then and jump to it in turn. This bit of boot -code was called the "secondary boot", and could be specific to a given -operating system. The primary boot code and 4-entry table is known -as the Master Boot Record, or MBR, and is very important to the proper -operation of your PC! We will discuss the MBR in more detail later. - -It was later realized, with the hindsight that IBM is famous for, that disks -could be bigger than the 32Mb that the early DOS FAT-12 file system could -handle, so they added a kludge: They had two MSDOS slices, a "Primary" and -a "Secondary". The primary could still only be 32Mb, but the Secondary had -no size limit. And the trick was that the secondary had ANOTHER "table -entry" so that now suddenly up to 5 slices could be available to MS-DOS. -The Secondary boot record was later made recursive, thus effectively -avoiding any fixed limit. Of course, they were still stuck with a maximum -of 26 slices given the use of "drive letters" in DOS. They also reserved -only 10 bits for cylinder addressing, limiting DOS to being able to address -a maximum of 1024 cylinders (and cause of the dreaded "cylinder translation" -kludges, the misconfiguration of which many users have seen as the notorious -"Missing Operating System" message). Yes, truly DOS was and is an utterly -terrible operating system, which of course explains its amazing degree of -success. Anyway, this all brings us up to today, which is where FreeBSD -comes in: - - -1.2 What FreeBSD does ----------------------- -FreeBSD has, like any other UNIX-like operating system, the concept of -"partitions." Partitions are used to implement its own "slicing" -abstraction, and although there is no real difference between a slice and a -partition as such, we use the two words to distinguish between these two -different levels of slicing. - -The result is that we have a two-tier structure on the disk: - -+-----------+ -| MBR-table | -+-----------+ +---------+ -| Slice 1 | -----> | MSDOS | -+-----------+ +---------+ -| Slice 2 | -+-----------+ +-------------------+ -| Slice 3 | -----> | FreeBSD-disklabel | -+-----------+ +-------------------+ +-----------------+ -| Slice 4 | | Partition A | -----> | Root-filesystem | -+-----------+ +-------------------+ +-----------------+ - | Partition B | --- - +-------------------+ \ +----------------+ - | Partition C | --> | swap-partition | - +-------------------+ +----------------+ - | ... | - - -Here are the rules that FreeBSD plays by: - -A: FreeBSD always has an MBR slice with type 0xa5 (each of the 4 slices can - also have a unique integer identifier so you can tell your DOS slices - from your FreeBSD slices from your Linux slices, etc). This means that - there should always be an MBR record, even in the case where FreeBSD - occupies the entire disk. -B: The FreeBSD slice contains the FreeBSD disklabel in the second sector - (remember, the first sector contains the secondary boot code for FreeBSD, - which is what prints that FreeBSD prompt at you when you first boot - FreeBSD from a floppy or hard disk). -C: The 'C' partition in the FreeBSD disklabel corresponds to the entire - FreeBSD slice. -D: The 'D' partition corresponds to the entire physical disk. -E: Should a disk not have a FreeBSD slice (because there simply is no - FreeBSD on it anywhere), then the MBR slices are mapped into partitions - 'E' to 'H' of an artificially created FreeBSD disklabel. This is useful - for getting at DOS-only disks. - -Therefore, to get FreeBSD onto your disk, you need to do the following: - - Step FreeBSD utility - ------------------------------------------------------------ --------------- - 1. Make an MBR slice for FreeBSD (FDISK) - 2. Partition the diskspace in the MBR slice into partitions (DISKLABEL) - 3. Assign mountpoints to the partitions. (DISKLABEL) - - - -2. The sysinstall utility --------------------------- - -The sysinstall utility is the program you first see when you boot -FreeBSD's install floppy. It is responsible for partitioning your -disk, creating an MBR slice for FreeBSD, setting up the disklabel -within that slice and creating filesystems for each FreeBSD partition -you create within that slice. It is composed of a number of screens. -These are described below. - - -2.1 The main screen --------------------- -The main screen shows you the current status, It shows you which disks -FreeBSD has found, how big they are and how much of it is assigned to -FreeBSD in a FreeBSD MBR slice. It also shows the partitions which have -had a mountpoint assigned to them (not necessarily FreeBSD partitions; -FreeBSD is perfectly capable of mounting DOS disks directly). - -(H)elp -- shows you this file. - -(F)disk -- enters the Fdisk editor, where you can change the MBR record. - This is what you want to use to assign some part of the disk to FreeBSD. - -(D)isklabel -- enters the Disklabel editor, here you can change how the - FreeBSD slice is partitioned for FreeBSD. - -(P)rocede -- will continue the installation process. - -(Q)uit -- Go back to the entry screen. - - -2.2 FDISK - how to make an MBR slice -------------------------------------- -There are some rules to follow here since altering your MBR is a potential -minefield. There is really no way for the sysinstall program to genuinely -know that you have a valid MBR, so you have to be extra careful in what -you edit. Failure to do this properly can and will destroy your other -operating system entries! - -Even if you don't plan to have MSDOS on a disk, make an MSDOS slice -using the MSDOS's FDISK.COM program. The reason for this is that if you -do it that way, you are 100% sure that FreeBSD will use the same number -of heads, sectors and cylinders as MSDOS would use. If you really don't -plan to have MSDOS on the disk, just (D)elete the slice in the FreeBSD's -(F)disk editor. - -From the main screen press 'F' to enter the MBR editor. You have five -commands available: - -(H)elp -- Shows you this file. - -(D)elete -- Deletes a slice entirely. - -(E)dit -- Allows you to edit a slice. It will ask how many megabytes - you want to assign to the slice, and will suggest the maximum possible - as a default. It might say zero, even though there is disk space - available, in which case you will probably need to delete and recreate the - other partitions to get it to see where the free space is. - It will then ask you what type to give the slice, for which the default is - 0xa5 (a FreeBSD slice). You can enter any other number here too, which - can be useful as a placeholder for some other OS you plan to install - later. Finally, it will ask you about the "boot flag". 0x80 means "boot - from this" slice by default, and anything else means "don't". - - If you specified a FreeBSD slice, any existing slices with the 0xa5 - type will be reset to 0x00 "unused". FreeBSD only supports one slice - per disk for FreeBSD. - -(R)eread -- This is your "undo" function. It will read the data of the - disk again, disposing of any changes you may have made. - -(W)rite -- When you are satisfied with the data, this function will write - the new MBR to the disk. - -(Q)uit -- Go back to the main screen. - - -2.3 Disklabel - How to divide up the FreeBSD slice. ----------------------------------------------------- - -The disklabel screen provides the following commands: - -(H)elp -- Shows you this file. - -(S)ize -- Resizes a partition for you, it will suggest as a default the - maximum amount of diskspace it can find. This algorithm isn't too smart - and may say zero, even though there is diskspace available. If it - does, delete and resize the other partitions. - -(A)ssign -- Here you assign where the filesystem in a partition is to - be mounted. `b' partitions will always be made into "swap" partitions. - -(D)elete -- Delete a partition. - -(R)eread -- The undo function. It will reread the current disklabel from - the kernel. - -(W)rite -- This will write the disklabel to the disk. You must always write - before you quit, otherwise your changes will be lost. - -(Q)uit -- Exit back to the main screen. - - -2.4. Hints on partition sizing -------------------------------- - -While it's impossible to say how much space you're going to want to -make your various partitions without knowing more about your intended -applicatins, here are some good rules of thumb to follow: - -1. Root (/) should be at least 18MB, and probably no more than 50MB unless - you have some special reason for making your root partition really - large. Remember that the root filesystem is only supposed to contain - vital system files and little else. - -2. Swap should be at least 2*memory. That is to say if you have 8MB of - memory, then you probably want 16MB of swap. Even more swap space - certainly doesn't hurt, if you can afford to allocate it, and you should - also think ahead a little to any planned memory upgrades you may have - in mind since increasing this later can be very painful! - - If you're going to run the X Window System (XFree86), you should also - consider having a *minimum* of 16MB of swap, since X tends to really - use it up. - -3. /usr can take up the rest of your disk, though some people like to create - extra partitions for user home directories and the like. Be sure to make - your /usr big enough to contain the system software (about 50MB) and - perhaps some of your own, unless you're going to use symbolic links to - point things like /usr/local (or /usr/src) somewhere else. - - -Here are some suggested filesystem names and sizes, just for reference: - -Mountpoint Filesystem size -------------------------------- -/var 10Mb -/usr 50Mb -/ 16Mb - -/usr/src 120Mb If you want to have the sources online -/usr/obj 100Mb If you want to compile all of them at one time - -/usr/X11R6 50Mb If you load the entire XFree86 binary kit. - - -$Id: DISKSPACE.FAQ,v 1.6 1994/11/18 10:32:43 jkh Exp $ diff --git a/share/FAQ/Diskless.FAQ b/share/FAQ/Diskless.FAQ deleted file mode 100644 index 84af09c..0000000 --- a/share/FAQ/Diskless.FAQ +++ /dev/null @@ -1,130 +0,0 @@ -Setting up a Diskless FreeBSD system -==================================== - -netboot.com/netboot.rom allow you to boot your FreeBSD machine over the -network and run FreeBSD without having a disk on your client. Under 2.0 -it is now possible to have local swap. Swapping over NFS is also still -supported. - -The list of supported Ethernet cards: - - Western Digital/SMC 8003, 8013, 8216 and compatibles - NE1000/NE2000 and compatibles (requires recompile) - - -Setup Instructions ------------------- - - - Find a machine that will be your server. This machine will require - enough disk space to hold the FreeBSD 2.0 binaries and have bootp, tftp - and NFS services available. - - tested machines: - - HP9000/8xx running HP-UX 9.04 or later (pre 9.04 doesn't work) - Sun/Solaries 2.3. (you may need to get bootp) - - - - Set up a bootp server to provide the client with IP, gateway, netmask - - sample entry: - - diskless:\ - :ht=ether:\ - :ha=0000c01f848a:\ - :sm=255.255.255.0:\ - :hn:\ - :ds=192.1.2.3:\ - :ip=192.1.2.4:\ - :gw=192.1.2.5:\ - :vm=rfc1048: - - - Set up a TFTP server (on same machine as bootp server) to provide - booting information to client. The name of this file is cfg.X.X.X.X - (or /tftpboot/cfg.X.X.X.X, it will try both) where X.X.X.X is the - IP address of the client. The contents of this file can be any valid - netboot commands. Under 2.0, netboot has the following commands: - - help - print help list - ip <X.X.X.X> - print/set client's IP address - server <X.X.X.X> - print/set bootp/tftp server address - netmask <X.X.X.X> - print/set netmask - hostname <name> - print/set hostname - kernel <name> - print/set kernel name - rootfs <ip:/fs> - print/set rootfilesystem - swapfs <ip:/fs> - print/set swapfilesystem - swapsize <size> - set diskless swapsize in Kbytes - diskboot - boot from disk - autoboot - continue boot process - - A typical completely diskless cfg file might contain: - - rootfs 192.1.2.3:/rootfs/myclient - swapfs 192.1.2.3:/swapfs - swapsize 20000 - hostname myclient.mydomain - - A cfg file for a machine with local swap might contain: - - rootfs 192.1.2.3:/rootfs/myclient - hostname myclient.mydomain - - - Ensure that your NFS server has exported the root (and swap if applicable) - filesystems to your client, and that the client has root access to these - filesystems - - A typical /etc/exports file might look like: - - (FreeBSD) - - /rootfs/myclient -maproot=0:0 myclient.mydomain - /swapfs -maproot=0:0 myclient.mydomain - - - (HP-UX) - - /rootfs/myclient -root=myclient.mydomain - /swapfs -root=myclient.mydomain - - - - If you are swapping over NFS (completely diskless configuration) create a - swap file for your client using touch. If your 'swapfs' command - has the argument /swapfs as in the example above, the swapfile for myclient - will be called /swapfs/swap.X.X.X.X where X.X.X.X is the client's IP addr. - - eg: # touch /swapfs/swap.192.1.2.4 - - - Unpack the root filesystem in the directory the client will use for its - root filesystem (/rootfs/myclient in the example above). - - *** On HP-UX systems: The server should be running HP-UX 9.04 or - later for HP9000/800 series machines. Prior versions don't allow - the creation of device files over NFS. - - *** When extracting /dev in /rootfs/myclient, beware that some systems - (HPUX) will not create device files that FreeBSD is happy with. - You may have to go to single user mode on the first bootup - (press control-c during the bootup phase), cd /dev and do a - "sh ./MAKEDEV all" from the client to fix this. - - - Run netboot.com on the client or make an EPROM from the netboot.rom file - - -Using Shared / and /usr filesystems ------------------------------------ -At present there isn't an officially sanctioned way of doing this, although -I have been using a shared /usr filesystem and individual / filesystems for -each client. If anyone has any suggestions on how to do this cleanly, please -let me and/or the core group know. - - - -Compiling netboot for specific setups -------------------------------------- - -Netboot can be compiled to support NE1000/2000 cards by changing the -configuration in /sys/i386/boot/netboot/Makefile. See the comments -at the top of this file. - - -Martin Renters martin@innovus.com diff --git a/share/FAQ/FreeBSD-1.1.FAQ b/share/FAQ/FreeBSD-1.1.FAQ deleted file mode 100644 index 13a078e..0000000 --- a/share/FAQ/FreeBSD-1.1.FAQ +++ /dev/null @@ -1,987 +0,0 @@ - - FreeBSD - Frequently Asked Questions - For Versions 1.1 and below - -Please mail all suggestions and additions to <FreeBSD-FAQ@FreeBSD.ORG> - - -Revision: $Id: FreeBSD-1.1.FAQ,v 1.4 1994/10/10 10:46:14 gclarkii Exp $ - -All entries are assumed to be relevant to both FreeBSD 1.1 and FreeBSD 1.1.5, -unless otherwise noted. - - -Table of Contents ------------------ - -0 Preface -1 Installation -2 Hardware Compatibility -3 Commercial applications -4 User Applications -5 Miscellaneous Questions -6 Kernel Configuration -7 System Administration -8 Networking -9 Serial Communications - - - -0 Preface ---------- - -Welcome to the FreeBSD 1.1 FAQ! This document tries to answer some of -the most frequently asked questions about FreeBSD 1.1 (or later, -unless specifically indicated). If there's something you're having -trouble with and you just don't see it here, then please send mail to: - - <questions@FreeBSD.ORG> - - -Some of the instructions here will also refer to auxiliary utilities -in the /usr/src/share/FAQ directory. CDROM purchasers and net folks -who've grabbed the FreeBSD current `srcdist' will have these files. If -you don't have the source distribution, then you can either grab the -whole thing from: - - ftp.FreeBSD.ORG:pub/FreeBSD/FreeBSD-current/src - -0.1: What is FreeBSD? - -FreeBSD is a UN*X type operating system based on William Jolitz's port -of U.C. Berkeley's Networking Release 2 to the i386, 386BSD. It is no -longer correct to say that FreeBSD is only 386BSD with the patchkit -applied! There have been many additions and bug fixes made throughout -the entire system, some of the highlights of which are: - - More robust and extensive PC device support - System V-style IPC, messaging and semaphores - Shared Libraries - Much improved virtual memory code - Better console driver support - Network booting (diskless) support - /proc filesystem - Yellow Pages support - `LDT' support for WINE (primitive but developing Windows emulation) - Too many additional utilities and applications to mention - - -0.2: My friends told me that FreeBSD was illegal and I shouldn't use it. - Is this really true? - -FreeBSD versions up to and including 1.1 have included code from -Berkeley's Net/2 distribution. UNIX Systems Laboratories (now Novell) -sued Berkeley claiming that Net/2 included some code that belonged to -USL. In February of 1994, USL and Berkeley announced a settlement in -which neither side admitted to doing anything wrong, but UCB agreed to -stop distributing the disputed software. - -Since Berkeley will no longer defend this code, we have been requested -to stop distributing it, and will be integrating all the improvements -we have made in the VM system and i386-specific code into Berkeley's -4.4-Lite distribution; the result will form the basis of FreeBSD 2.0. -We expect the integration to take place over a period of three to six -months, during which time we will have to stop work on 1.1 and -concentrate all our efforts on the merge, and we expect to make more -information available on the status of the merge effort as the situation -progresses. - -However, to answer the question, "No. FreeBSD is not illegal." We -have been allowed by USL to distribute 1.1 as the last Net/2 derived -version, after which we have committed to move to 4.4 as previously -stated. - -We expect to make more information available on the status of the -merge effort as the situation progresses. - -0.3: What are the FreeBSD mailing lists, and how can I get on them? - -The following mailing lists are provided for FreeBSD users and -developers. For more information, send to -<majordomo@FreeBSD.ORG> and include a single line saying -``help'' in the body of your message. - -announce: For announcements about or on FreeBSD. -hackers: Useful for persons wishing to work on the internals. -questions: General questions on FreeBSD. -bugs: Where bugs should be sent. -commit: This list carries the commit messages for freefall. Useful - for tracking ongoing work. -SCSI: Mailing list for SCSI developers. -current: This list is for persons wishing to run FreeBSD-current - and carries announcements and discussions on current. -ports: Discussion of "/usr/ports" -hardware: Types of hardware FreeBSD runs on -security: Security issues -platforms: Porting to non-Intel platforms - -Please see also the FreeBSD mailing list FAQ in: - - /usr/src/share/FAQ/FreeBSD.mailing-list.FAQ - -0.4: What are the various FreeBSD news groups? - -While there are no groups currently dedicated to FreeBSD, you may find -the following groups useful. - -comp.os.386bsd.announce: For announcements -comp.os.386bsd.apps: For applications -comp.os.386bsd.questions: For questions -comp.os.386bsd.development: For working on the internals -comp.os.386bsd.bugs: About bugs -comp.os.386bsd.misc: For items that don't fit anywhere else - -NOTE: These groups cover all the *BSDs (FreeBSD, NetBSD, 386BSD). - - - -1 Installation --------------- - -1.1: I just installed my system and rebooted. Now I can't find the - extract or configure programs, where did they go? - -These two commands are just shell functions defined in /.profile. To -get these back, boot FreeBSD with a `-s' at the boot prompt. - - -1.2: I want to install FreeBSD onto a SCSI disk that has more than - 1024 cylinders. How do I do it? - -This depends. If you don't have DOS (or another operating system) on -the system, you can just keep the drive in native mode and simply make -sure that your root partition is below 1024 so the BIOS can boot the -kernel from it. It you also have DOS/some other OS on the drive then -your best bet is to find out what parameters that it thinks you have -before installing FreeBSD. When FreeBSD's installation procedure -prompts you for these values, you should then enter them rather than -simply going with the defaults. - -There is a freely available utility distributed with FreeBSD called -`pfdisk' (located in the tools/ subdirectory) which can be used for -this purpose. - - -1.3: When I boot FreeBSD it says ``Missing Operating System''. - -See question 1.2. This is classically a case of FreeBSD and DOS or -some other OS conflicting over their ideas of disk geometry. You will -have to reinstall FreeBSD, but obeying the instructions given above -will almost always get you going. - - -1.4: I have an IDE drive with lots of bad blocks on it and FreeBSD doesn't - seem to install properly. - -FreeBSD's bad block (bad144) handling is still not 100% (to put it -charitably) and it must unfortunately be said that if you've got an -IDE or ESDI drive with lots of bad blocks, then FreeBSD is probably -not for you! That said, it does work on thousands of IDE based -systems, so you'd do well to try it first before simply giving up. - -IDE drives are *supposed* to come with built-in bad-block remapping; -if you have documentation for your drive, you may want to see if this -feature has been disabled on your drive. However, ESDI, RLL, and -ST-506 drives normally do not do this. - -<1.1.5> -FreeBSD-current has better bad block handling due to improvments made -to the wd driver. - -1.5: I have 32MB of memory, should I expect any special problems? - -If you have an IDE controller, no. Likewise, if you have a full EISA -system with EISA disk controller or a working local bus controller -(read further) you'll have no problems. If you have an ISA system, or -an EISA system with an ISA disk controller then you will most -certainly have problems with the upper 16MB of memory due to the ISA -24 bit DMA limitation (which ISA cards in EISA systems will also -exhibit). If you have a local bus disk controller, then you should be -OK, UNLESS it's a Buslogic Bt445S with a revision less than `D' (BIOS -3.36 or earlier). - -<1.1.5> -1.1.5 has bounce-buffer support that make all of the above scenarios work -with a full 32MB of memory or more. You are therefore advised to simply pull -16MB of memory out, install, and then see about upgrading to FreeBSD 1.1.5 -so that you can put it back. - - -1.6: Do I need to install the complete sources? - -In general, no. However, we would strongly recommend that you -install, at a minimum, the `base' source kit, which includes several -of the files mentioned here, and the `sys' (kernel) source kit, which -includes sources for the kernel. There is nothing in the system which -requires the presence of the sources to operate, however, except for -the kernel-configuration program config(8). With the exception of the -kernel sources, our build structure is set up so that you can -read-only mount the sources from elsewhere via NFS and still be able -to make new binaries. (Because of the kernel-source restriction, we -recommend that you not mount this on /usr/src directly, but rather in -some other location with appropriate symbolic links to duplicate the -top-level structure of the source tree.) - -Having the sources on-line and knowing how to build a system with them -will make it much easier for you to upgrade to future releases of -FreeBSD. - -1.7: DES encryption software can not be exported from the United - States. If I live outside the US, how can I encrypt passwords? - -Since the DES encryption algorithm, which is used by passwd(1) and -friends to encrypt passwords cannot legally be exported from the US, -non-US users should not download this software from US FTP sites. - -There is however a replacement libcrypt available, based on sources -written in Australia by David Burren. This code is now available on -some non-US FreeBSD mirror sites. Sources for the unencumbered -libcrypt, and binaries of the programs which use it, can be obtained -from the following FTP sites: - - South Africa: braae.ru.ac.za:/pub/FreeBSD/securedist/ - owl.und.ac.za (currently uncertain) - Iceland: ftp.veda.is:/pub/crypt/FreeBSD/ - -The non-US securedist can be used as a direct replacement for the -encumbered US securedist. This securedist package is installed the -same way as the US package (see installation notes for details). If -you are going to install DES encryption, you should do so as soon as -possible, before installing other software. - -Non-US users should please not download any encryption software from -the USA. This can get the maintainers of the sites from which the -software is downloaded into severe legal difficulties. - -A non-US distribution of Kerberos is also being developed, and current -versions can generally be obtained by anonymous FTP from -braae.ru.ac.za. - -There is also a mailing list for the discussion of non-US encryption -software. For more information, send an email message with a single -line saying ``help'' in the body of your message to -<majordomo@braae.ru.ac.za>. - -1.8 HELP! My keyboard locked up during the install! - -Some keyboard controllers are not a friend to FreeBSD. Among these are -those on certain models of Gateway, IBM and AST machines. The most frequent -symptom encountered in such cases is that the keyboard refuses to respond -to input when at the `kcopy>' prompt in the second phase of bootstrapping -FreeBSD. Fortunately, there is a work-around that may get you all the -way home. Reset the machine and boot the kcopy floppy again, but this -time, as the kernel is booting, tap periodically on the num-lock key -until the kcopy prompt appears. Your keyboard should respond properly. - -Once your system is on the hard disk the problem generally goes away. -Some folks for whom the problem persists even after this stage find -relief in switching to the SYSCONS console driver (see /sys/i386/conf/SYSCONS), -which is in any case far more featureful than pccons and a recommended -upgrade. - - - -2 Hardware compatibility ------------------------- - -2.1: What kind of hard drives does FreeBSD run on? - -FreeBSD supports ST-506 (sometimes called ``MFM''), RLL, and ESDI -drives, which are usually connected to WD-1002, WD-1003, or WD-1006 -controllers (although clones should also work). FreeBSD also supports -IDE and SCSI hard drives. - -2.2: What SCSI controllers are supported? - -FreeBSD supports the following SCSI controllers: - -Adaptec AH-1542 Series <ISA> - AH-1742 Series <EISA> -Buslogic BT-445 Series <VLB> (but see section 1.5) - BT-545 Series <ISA> - BT-742 Series <EISA> - BT-747 Series <EISA> -Future Domain TMC-8XX/950 Series <ISA> (1.1.5 ONLY) -Seagate ST-01/02 Series <ISA> (1.1.5 ONLY) -UltraStor UH-14f Series <ISA> - UH-34f Series <EISA/VLB> - -There is supposed to be a UltraStor 24f driver floating around, but -we're not sure where (could someone please point us at it?). - -2.3: What CD-ROM drives are supported by FreeBSD? - -Any SCSI drive connected to a supported controller. Mitsumi -LU002(8bit), LU005(16bit) and FX001D(16bit 2x Speed). - -FreeBSD does NOT support drives connected to a Sound Blaster or -non-SCSI SONY or Panasonic drives. A general rule of thumb when -selecting a CDROM drive for FreeBSD use is to buy a very standard SCSI -model; they cost more, but deliver very solid performance in return. -Do not be fooled by very cheap drives that, in turn, deliver VERY LOW -performance! As always, you get what you pay for. - -The Mitsumi driver is known to be extremely slow compared to SCSI -drives. - - -2.4: What multi-port serial cards are supported by FreeBSD? - -AST/4 and BOCA 4/8/16 port cards. Some unnamed clone cards have also -been known to work, especially those that claim to be AST compatible. -Check the sio(4) man page to get more information on configuring such -cards. - - -2.5: Does FreeBSD support the AHA-2742 SCSI adapter from Adaptec? - -No, FreeBSD does not. This is due to Adaptec's unwillingness to -supply programming information under other than non-disclosure. This -is unfortunate, but there's nothing we can do about it. - - -2.6: I have a Mumbleco bus mouse. Is it supported and if so, how do I set - it up for XFree86? - -FreeBSD supports the Logitech and ATI Inport bus mice. You need to -add the following line to the kernel config file and recompile for the -Logitech and ATI mice: - - device mse0 at isa? port 0x23c tty irq6 vector mseintr - - -2.7: I have a PS/2 mouse (`keyboard' mouse) [Alternatively: I have a - laptop with a track-ball mouse]. How do I use it? - -<1.1.5>: The PS/2 mouse is part of the system. See the psm0 driver -description in /sys/doc/options.doc. - - -2.8: What types of tape drives are supported under FreeBSD? - -FreeBSD supports SCSI, QIC-02 and QIC-40/80 (Floppy based) tape -drives. This includes 8-mm (aka Exabyte) and DAT drives. - - -2.9: What sound cards are supported by FreeBSD? - -FreeBSD supports the SoundBlaster, SoundBlaster Pro, Pro Audio -Spectrum 16, AdLib and Gravis UltraSound sound cards. There is also -limited support for MPU-401 and compatible MIDI cards. The -SoundBlaster 16 and SoundBlaster 16 ASP cards are not yet supported. -NOTE: This is only for sound! This driver does not support CD-ROMs, -SCSI or joysticks on these cards. - - -2.10: What network cards does FreeBSD support? - -There is support for the following cards: - -`ed' driver: - NE2000 and 1000 - WD/SMC 8003, 8013 and Elite Ultra (8216) - 3Com 3c503 - And clones of the above - -`ie' driver: - AT&T EN100/StarLAN 10 - -`is' driver: - Isolan AT 4141-0 - Isolink 4110 - -`ep' driver: - 3com 3c509 (*) - - -(*)The `ep' driver is known to have some problems; see the -/usr/src/KNOWNBUGS file for more details. - - -2.11: I have a 386/486sx/486SLC machine without a math co-processor. - Will this cause me any problems? - -Generally no, but there are circumstances where you will take a hit, -either in performance or accuracy of the math emulation code (see -section 4.1). In particular, drawing arcs in X will be VERY slow. It -is highly recommended that you lay out the $50 or so for a math -co-processor; it's well worth it. NOTE: Some math co-processors are -better than others. It pains us to say it, but nobody ever got fired -for buying Intel. Unless you're sure it works with FreeBSD, beware of -clones. - -2.12: I am about to buy a new machine to run FreeBSD on and - want an idea of what other people are running. Is there list - of other systems anywhere? - -Yes. Please look at the file FAQ/Systems-1.1.FAQ. This file -is a listing of hardware that people are running in their machines. -Please note, this is a raw listing of equipment that other users -have sent in. - - - -3 Commercial Applications -------------------------- - -Note: This section is still very sparse, though we're hoping, of -course, that companies will add to it! :) The FreeBSD group has no -financial interest in any of the companies listed here but simply -lists them as a public service (and feels that commercial interest in -FreeBSD can have very positive effects on FreeBSD's long-term -viability). We encourage commercial software vendors to send their -entries here for inclusion. - - -3.1: Where can I get Motif for FreeBSD? - -Sequoia International provides commercial quality Motif 1.2.3 -development kits for FreeBSD 1.1 (with full shared library support) -under the product name of `SWiM'. Due to licensing restrictions from -the OSF, and the fact that Sequoia needs to make a living, these are -NOT FREE, but nonetheless quite reasonably priced in comparison to -many other commercial Motif distributions. Send electronic mail to -<info@seq.com> for further information. - -3.2: What about other commercial quality development systems for FreeBSD? - -ParcPlace Systems, Inc., who currently provides their excellent -`Object Interface & Object Builder' GUI development environment free -of charge to Linux users, is considering the the FreeBSD platform and -will make their intentions known fairly shortly. - - - -4 User Applications -------------------- - -4.1: I want to run X, how do I go about it? - -First, get the XFree86 distribution of X11R5 from XFree86.cdrom.com. -The version you want for FreeBSD 1.1 and later is XFree86 2.1. Follow -the instructions for installation carefully. You may then wish to read -the documentation for the ConfigXF86 tool, which assists you in -configuring XFree86 for your particular graphics card/mouse/etc. - - -4.1: I've been trying to run ghostscript on a 386 (or 486sx) with no - math co-processor and I keep getting errors. What's up? - -<1.1.5>: For 1.1.5 you may add the following to your kernel config file and -it will be compiled in. -options GPL_MATH_EMULATE - -NOTE: You will need to remove the MATH_EMULATE option when you do this. - - -4.2: If I want something like seyon, term, Kermit, emacs or any one of - hundreds of popular freeware utilities, is there a good place to - search through first? - -Yes, the FreeBSD `ports collection' was put together for just that -purpose. It contains some of the most often requested languages, -editors, mail and news reading programs, network software and many -many megabytes of other types of useful goodies. CDROM people will -probably have the ports collection already in /usr/ports, other folks -can get at the latest snapshot of the entire collection in: - - ftp.FreeBSD.ORG:pub/FreeBSD/FreeBSD-current/ports - -Note that this FTP server permits getting entire directories as one -(optionally gzipped or compressed) tar file. Read the FTP welcome -banner carefully for details. - - -4.3: I want all this neat software, but I haven't got the space or - CPU power to compile it all myself. Is there any way of getting - binaries? - -Yes. We support the concept of a `package', which is essentially a -gzipped binary distribution with a little extra intelligence embedded -in it for doing any custom installation work required. Packages can -also be installed or deinstalled again easily without having to know -the gory details. CDROM people will have a packages/ directory on -their CD, others can get the currently available packages from: - - ftp.FreeBSD.ORG:pub/FreeBSD/packages-1.1 - -Note that all ports may not be available as packages, and that new -packages are constantly being added. It is always a good idea to -check periodically to see which packages are available. A README file -in the packages directory provides more details on the care and -feeding of the package software, so no explicit details will be given -here. - -4.4: I'm trying to get Perl to work properly, but I keep getting - errors about dbm failures when I test it. How can I fix this? - -The problem here is that the tests are written for an older version of -the dbm code. There is nothing wrong with perl and the errors can -be ignored. - -4.5: I've been trying to get GCC 2.6.0 running on my system and it - keeps bombing. What can I do about? - -Due to problems with 2.6.0 and the advent of FreeBSD 2.0, we do not -support GCC 2.6.0 and suggest that you wait for 2.0. - - - -5 Miscellaneous Questions ----------------- - -5.1: I've heard of something called FreeBSD-current. How do I run it, and - where can I get more information? - -Read the file /usr/src/share/FAQ/FreeBSD.current.policy, -it will tell you all you need to know. - - -5.2: What is this thing called `sup', and how do I use it? - -SUP stands for Software Update Protocol, and was developed by CMU for -keeping their development trees in sync. We use it to keep remote -sites in sync with our central development sources. - -To use it, you need to have direct internet connectivity (not just -mail or news). First, pick up the sup_bin.tgz package from: - - ftp.FreeBSD.ORG:pub/FreeBSD/packages-1.1 - -Second, read the file /usr/src/share/FAQ/FreeBSD.sup.faq. - -This file describes how to setup sup on your machine. You may also -want to look at /usr/src/contrib/FAQ/FreeBSD.*.supfile, -which are a set of supfiles for supping from FreeBSD.ORG - - -5.3: How do I create customized installation disks that I can give - out to other people at my site? - -The entire process of creating installation disks and source and -binary archives is automated by various targets in -/usr/src/etc/Makefile. The information there should be enough to get -you started. - -5.4: How do I re-build my system without clobbering the existing - installed binaries? - -If you define the environment variable DESTDIR while running `make -world' or `make install', the newly-created binaries will be deposited -in a directory tree identical to the installed one, rooted at -${DESTDIR}. Some random combination of shared libraries modifications -and program rebuilds can cause this to fail in `make world', however. - - -5.5: When my system booted, it told me that ``(bus speed defaulted)''. - What does that mean? - -The Adaptec 1542 SCSI host adapters allow the user to configure their -bus access speed in software. Previous versions of the 1542 driver tried -to determine the fastest usable speed and set the adapter to that. We -found that this breaks some users' systems, so you now have to define -the ``TUNE_1542''' kernel configuration option in order to have this -take place. Using it on those systems where it works may make your -disks run faster, but on those systems where it doesn't, your data could -be corrupted. - -5.6: I would like to track changes to current and do not have net access. - Is there any way besides downloading the whole tree? - -Yes, Poul-Henning has set up a source tracking list. Please email -majordomo@ref.tfs.com with a body of "get ctm-src-cur README" for -futher information. - -5.7: How do I split up large binary files into smaller 240k files - like the distribution does? - -Newer BSD based systems have a "-b" option to split that allows them to -split files on arbitary byte bondaries. - -Here is an example from /usr/src/Makefile. -bin-tarball: - (cd ${DISTDIR}; \ - tar cf - . \ - gzip --no-name -9 -c | \ - split -b 240640 - \ - ${RELEASEDIR}/tarballs/bindist/bin_tgz.) - -5.8: I'm running Syscons and every morning my console locks up. What - is going on here? - -This sounds like the "kill -1 syslogd" problem. Make sure that the -following is correct on your system. -1. The attributes of the following nodes are correct. -/dev/console -crw------- 1 root 0, 0 May 23 15:32 /dev/console -/dev/ttyv0 -crw------- 1 root 12, 0 May 23 15:32 /dev/ttyv0 -The part you are concerned with are the major and minor device numbers. - -2. Make sure that getty is running on ttyv0 and NOT console. - -3. If /dev/vga exists that it is a symlink to /dev/ttyv0. - -5.9: I've had a couple of system panics and would like to be able - browse the system dumps. The normal kernel is stripped and - I don't want to run a bloated kernel. What can I do? - -Please retrieve the file FAQ/FreeBSD.kdebug.FAQ. This -file covers the instructions for looking at system dumps. - -5.10: I've got a Buslogic BT-946c with an Intel motherboard and - right after the kernel probes, my system hangs. How do I - fix it? - -Two things here. -1. Some intel motherboards have fixed PCI INT pins and you will have - to match the BT-946c's INT to match the motherboards. -2. FreeBSD 1.1.5.1 expects the INT on a non-standard pin and you - will have to also match this one. - - -6 Kernel Configuration ----------------------- - -6.1: When I compile a kernel with multi-port serial code, it tells me - that only the first port is probed and the rest skipped due to - interrupt conflicts. How do I fix this? - -The problem here is that FreeBSD has code built-in to keep the kernel -from getting trashed due to hardware or software conflicts. The way -to fix this is to leave out the IRQ settings on other ports besides -the first. Here is a example: - -# -# Multiport high-speed serial line - 16550 UARTS -# -device sio2 at isa? port 0x2a0 tty irq 5 flags 0x501 vector siointr -device sio3 at isa? port 0x2a8 tty flags 0x501 vector siointr -device sio4 at isa? port 0x2b0 tty flags 0x501 vector siointr -device sio5 at isa? port 0x2b8 tty flags 0x501 vector siointr - - -6.2: FreeBSD is supposed to come with support for QIC-40/80 drives but - when I look, I can't find it. - -You need to uncomment the following line in the generic config file -(or add it to your config file) and recompile. - -controller fdc0 at isa? port "IO_FD1" bio irq 6 drq 2 vector fdintr -disk fd0 at fdc0 drive 0 -disk fd1 at fdc0 drive 1 -#tape ft0 at fdc0 drive 2 -^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ - -You will have a device called /dev/ft0, which you can write to through -a special program to manage it called `ft' - see the man page on ft for -further details. Versions previous to -current also had some trouble dealing -wiht bad tape media; if you have trouble where ft seems to go back and forth -over the same spot, try grabbing the latest version of ft from /usr/src/sbin/ft -in current and try that. - - -6.3: Does FreeBSD support IPC primitives like those in System V? - -Yes, FreeBSD supports System V-style IPC. This includes shared -memory, messages and semaphores. You need to add the following lines -to your kernel config to enable them. - -options SYSVSHM -options "SHMMAXPGS=64" # 256Kb of sharable memory -options SYSVSEM # enable for semaphores -options SYSVMSG # enable for messaging - -Recompile and install. - - -6.4: Are there any utilities that make configuring a kernel easier? - -Well, yes and no. Look in /sys/i386/doc/options.doc (/sys/doc on post -1.1 systems) for a list of kernel options you can set, and what they -do. For a friendlier front-end to the process, see -/usr/src/contrib/configit - - -6.5: Will FreeBSD ever support other architectures? - -Several different groups have expressed interest in working on -multi-architecture support for FreeBSD. If you are interested in -doing so, please contact the developers at -<hackers@FreeBSD.ORG> for more information on our -strategy for porting. - - -6.6: I just wrote a device driver for a Foobar Systems, Inc. - Integrated Adaptive Gronkulator card. How do I get the - appropriate major numbers assigned? - -This depends on whether or not you plan on making the driver publicly -available. If you do, then please send us a copy of the driver source -code, plus the appropriate modifications to files.i386, a sample -configuration file entry, and the appropriate MAKEDEV code to create -any special files your device uses. If you do not, or are unable to -because of licensing restrictions, then character major number 32 and -block major number 8 have been reserved specifically for this purpose; -please use them. In any case, we'd appreciate hearing about your -driver on <hackers@FreeBSD.ORG>. - -6.7: I'm wanting to switch console drivers to Syscons. I changed my - kernel config file to run Syscons, but when I reboot the system - locks up! How do I fix it? - -There are four things that need to be done to properly install syscons -on a system. -1. Add the following line to your kernel config file while deleting the - line for pccons. -device sc0 at isa? port "IO_KBD" tty irq 1 vector scintr -(Note the changed vector 'scintr'. It is a common error to change the -device name but NOT the vector. - -2. Add the following option to your config file. -options "NCONS=6" # Change to reflect the number of consoles - -3. Modify /etc/ttys to enable gettys on ttyv0 - ttyv??. Here is an -example line. -ttyv0 "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" Pc3 on secure -Please make sure that you have disabled the getty on /dev/console. - -4. Create the device nodes in /dev. This is done useing the MAKEDEV -script located in that directory. Here is a command line that will create -6 virtual consoles. -MAKEDEV vty6 -If /dev/vga exists, it should now be a symlink to /dev/ttyv0. - -NOTE: If you are going to be running X, you will need an unused vty that - has no getty running on it. - - - -7 System Administration ------------------------ - -7.1: How do I add a user easily? I read the man page and am more confused - than ever! [Alternatively: I didn't read the man page, I never read - man pages! :-) ] - -Look at Gary Clark's Perl package ``AddIt'', which may be found in -/usr/src/contrib/adduser. This is a first attempt at solving the -problem and may be replaced with a more complex but capable solution -later. - - -7.2: I'm trying to use my printer and keep running into problems. I tried - looking at /etc/printcap, but it's close to useless. Any ideas? - -Yes, you can pick up Andreas Klemm's apsfilter package from: - -ftp.germany.eu.net:pub/comp/i386/Linux/Local.EUnet/People/akl/apsfilter-1.11.gz - -This is a complete package for printing text, PS and DVI files. It -requires ghostscript and dvips. - -If you are looking for a simple printcap just for PS and text files, -try picking up the printcap01 sources in: - - /usr/src/contrib/FAQ/code/printcap01 - -NOTE: We're looking for printcap entries for all printers. If you -have one, or a filter for one, please send it or mail us a pointer to -<FreeBSD-FAQ@FreeBSD.ORG>. Thanks! - -7.3: Help! I've lost my root password! How do I log in now? - Alternatively: I botched something bad in my root partition - that keeps me from booting, how do I fix it!? - -Follow these steps: - -1. First off, you need to boot the system single-user: Do this by rebooting -or resetting the machine, and when you come to the very first boot prompt -(the one you probably generally just hit `return' at or wait for it to -time-out) type: - - 386bsd -s - -This will send the `-s' flag to init(1) telling it to not bring you up all -the way into multi-user mode. The system should come up single-user and -present you with a simple `#' prompt. - -2. Now is probably a good time to type `fsck' and make sure your filesystems -are alright. If problems on your root filesystem are found and fixed, I would -recommend hitting the reset switch again and going back to step 1. Your -filesystems should all check fine the second time. - -3. At this point, your root filesystem is mounted *read only* for safety. -If the problems you must fix are not on the root fs then I recommend that -you simply leave it this way and fix the other problems. If you need to -write to the root fs (fixing passwords requires this, for one thing) and -you're using SCSI for your root fs then type: - - mount -u /dev/sd0a / - -If you're using IDE/ESDI for your rootfs, then instead type: - - mount -u /dev/wd0a / - -This will remount your root filesystem read/write and allow you to make -your changes. Once you have done so, I recommend another reboot. -Jordan - - -8 Networking ------------- - -8.1: Where can I get information booting FreeBSD `diskless', that is - booting and running a FreeBSD box from a server rather than having - a local disk? - -Please read /sys/i386/netboot/netboot.doc. - - -8.2: I've heard that you can use a FreeBSD box as a dedicated network - router - is there any easy support for this? - -Internet standards and good engineering practice prohibit us from -providing packet forwarding by default in FreeBSD. You can enable -this support by adding `options GATEWAY' to your kernel configuration -file and recompiling. In most cases, you will also need to run a -routing process to tell other systems on your network about your -router; FreeBSD comes with the standard BSD routing daemon routed(8), -or for more complex situations you may want to try GateD (available by -FTP from gated.Cornell.edu). FreeBSD is supported as of 3_5Alpha7. - -It is our duty to warn you that, even when FreeBSD is configured in -this way, it does not completely comply with the Internet standard -requirements for routers; however, it comes close enough for ordinary -usage. - -There is a standard `router floppy' that you can boot on a FreeBSD -machine to configure it as a network router. Please look in: - - freefall.cdrom.com:pub/incoming/freertr - -and follow the instructions. - - -8.3: Does FreeBSD support SLIP and PPP? - -Yes. See the man pages for slattach(8) and/or pppd(8) if you're using -FreeBSD to connect to another site. If you're using FreeBSD as a -server for other machines, look at the man page for sliplogin(8). -You may also want to take a look at the slip FAQ in: - FAQ/FreeBSD.slip.dialup.faq - -8.4: How do I set up NTP? - -NTP configuration is so complex and widely variable from site to site -that it would be impossible to make a blanket statement here. Your -best bet is to ask whoever's in charge of NTP at your site or network -provider; chances are that they are running a similar version of NTP -to the one that we provide, and they can probably provide you with the -right configuration files to get things going. - -If you can't find anyone in charge, you should examine the files in -/usr/src/contrib/xntpd/doc and see if they help any. If not, you -could ask on the comp.protocols.time.ntp newsgroup, or the -<ntp@ni.umd.edu> mailing-list. - -8.5: How do I get my network set up? I don't see how to make my - /dev/ed0 device! - -In the Berkeley networking framework, network interfaces are only -directly accessible by kernel code. Please see the /etc/netstart file -and the manual pages for the various network programs mentioned there -for more information. If this leaves you totally confused, then you -should pick up a book describing network administration on another -BSD-related operating system; with few significant exceptions, -administering networking on FreeBSD is basically the same as on SunOS -4.0 or Ultrix. - -8.6: How do I get my 3C503 to use the other network port? - -Use `ifconfig ed0' to see whether the ALTPHYS flag is set, and then -use either `ifconfig ed0 altphys' if it was off, or `ifconfig ed0 --altphys' if it was on. - -8.7: I'm having problems with NFS to/from FreeBSD and my Wuffotronics - Workstation / generic NFS appliance, where should I look first? - -Certain PC network cards are better than others (to put it mildly) and -can sometimes cause problems with network intensive applications like -NFS. See /usr/src/share/FAQ/NFS.FAQ for more information on this -topic. - -8.8: I want to enable IP multicast support on my FreeBSD box, how do I do it? - [Alternatively: What the heck IS multicasting and what applications - make use of it?] - -First off, to you'll need to rebuild a kernel with multicast support in it. -This requires that you have the sources to at least the kernel and the config -utility. See /usr/src/sys/i386/conf/LINT for its comments on multicast; you'll -need to set the MROUTING and MULTICAST options as shown there. - -Further reading/exploration for those interested in multicast: - -Product Description Where ---------------- ----------------------- --------------------------------------- -faq.txt Mbone FAQ ftp.isi.edu:/mbone/faq.txt -imm/immserv IMage Multicast ftp.hawaii.edu:/paccom/imm.src.tar.Z - for jpg/gif images. -nv Network Video. ftp.parc.xerox.com: - /pub/net-reseach/exp/nv3.3alpha.tar.Z -vat LBL Visual Audio Tool. ftp.ee.lbl.gov: - /conferencing/vat/i386-vat.tar.Z -wb LBL White Board. ftp.ee.lbl.gov: - /conferencing/wb/i386-wb.tar.Z -mmcc MultiMedia Conference ftp.isi.edu: - Control program /confctrl/mmcc/mmcc-intel.tar.Z -rtpqual Tools for testing the ftp.psc.edu:/pub/net_tools/rtpqual.c - quality of RTP packets. -vat_nv_record Recording tools for vat ftp.sics.se:archive/vat_nv_record.tar.Z - and nv. - -[Many thanks to Jim Lowe for providing multicast support for FreeBSD, and this -information] - - -9 Serial Communications ------------------------ - -9.1: When I do a set line in Kermit it locks up, what's the problem? - -The problem here is that FreeBSD thinks it's talking to a incoming -modem connection, and is waiting for carrier to come up on it before -completing the open. To disable modem control, do an: - - stty -f /dev/ttyXX clocal - -(Where `ttyXX' is the tty port you're using). If you use a given port -only for outgoing connections, you may wish to put this command in -your /etc/rc.local to avoid having to do it every time you reboot your -system. - - -NOTE: Anyone wishing to submit a FAQ entry on how to get tip and cu working - would have it much appreciated! We all use Kermit over here! :-) - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -If you see a problem with this FAQ, or wish to submit an entry, please -mail us at <FreeBSD-FAQ@FreeBSD.ORG>. We appreciate your -feedback, and cannot make this a better FAQ without your help! - - - FreeBSD Core Team - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ - -ACKNOWLEDGMENTS: - -Gary Clark II - Our head FreeBSD FAQ maintenance man -Jordan Hubbard - Janitorial services (I don't do windows) -Garrett Wollman - Networking and formatting -Robert Oliver, Jr. - Ideas and dumb questions (That made me think) -Ollivier Robert - Invaluable feedback and contributions -The FreeBSD Team - Kvetching, moaning, submitting data - -And to any others we've forgotten, apologies and heartfelt thanks! - diff --git a/share/FAQ/FreeBSD-1.X/FreeBSD-1.1.FAQ b/share/FAQ/FreeBSD-1.X/FreeBSD-1.1.FAQ deleted file mode 100644 index bdaf736..0000000 --- a/share/FAQ/FreeBSD-1.X/FreeBSD-1.1.FAQ +++ /dev/null @@ -1,987 +0,0 @@ - - FreeBSD - Frequently Asked Questions - For Versions 1.1 and below - -Please mail all suggestions and additions to <FreeBSD-FAQ@FreeBSD.ORG> - - -Revision: $Id: FreeBSD-1.1.FAQ,v 1.5 1994/11/23 10:21:59 gclarkii Exp $ - -All entries are assumed to be relevant to both FreeBSD 1.1 and FreeBSD 1.1.5, -unless otherwise noted. - - -Table of Contents ------------------ - -0 Preface -1 Installation -2 Hardware Compatibility -3 Commercial applications -4 User Applications -5 Miscellaneous Questions -6 Kernel Configuration -7 System Administration -8 Networking -9 Serial Communications - - - -0 Preface ---------- - -Welcome to the FreeBSD 1.1 FAQ! This document tries to answer some of -the most frequently asked questions about FreeBSD 1.1 (or later, -unless specifically indicated). If there's something you're having -trouble with and you just don't see it here, then please send mail to: - - <questions@FreeBSD.ORG> - - -Some of the instructions here will also refer to auxiliary utilities -in the /usr/src/share/FAQ directory. CDROM purchasers and net folks -who've grabbed the FreeBSD current `srcdist' will have these files. If -you don't have the source distribution, then you can either grab the -whole thing from: - - ftp.FreeBSD.ORG:pub/FreeBSD/FreeBSD-current/src - -0.1: What is FreeBSD? - -FreeBSD is a UN*X type operating system based on William Jolitz's port -of U.C. Berkeley's Networking Release 2 to the i386, 386BSD. It is no -longer correct to say that FreeBSD is only 386BSD with the patchkit -applied! There have been many additions and bug fixes made throughout -the entire system, some of the highlights of which are: - - More robust and extensive PC device support - System V-style IPC, messaging and semaphores - Shared Libraries - Much improved virtual memory code - Better console driver support - Network booting (diskless) support - /proc filesystem - Yellow Pages support - `LDT' support for WINE (primitive but developing Windows emulation) - Too many additional utilities and applications to mention - - -0.2: My friends told me that FreeBSD was illegal and I shouldn't use it. - Is this really true? - -FreeBSD versions up to and including 1.1 have included code from -Berkeley's Net/2 distribution. UNIX Systems Laboratories (now Novell) -sued Berkeley claiming that Net/2 included some code that belonged to -USL. In February of 1994, USL and Berkeley announced a settlement in -which neither side admitted to doing anything wrong, but UCB agreed to -stop distributing the disputed software. - -Since Berkeley will no longer defend this code, we have been requested -to stop distributing it, and will be integrating all the improvements -we have made in the VM system and i386-specific code into Berkeley's -4.4-Lite distribution; the result will form the basis of FreeBSD 2.0. -We expect the integration to take place over a period of three to six -months, during which time we will have to stop work on 1.1 and -concentrate all our efforts on the merge, and we expect to make more -information available on the status of the merge effort as the situation -progresses. - -However, to answer the question, "No. FreeBSD is not illegal." We -have been allowed by USL to distribute 1.1 as the last Net/2 derived -version, after which we have committed to move to 4.4 as previously -stated. - -We expect to make more information available on the status of the -merge effort as the situation progresses. - -0.3: What are the FreeBSD mailing lists, and how can I get on them? - -The following mailing lists are provided for FreeBSD users and -developers. For more information, send to -<majordomo@FreeBSD.ORG> and include a single line saying -``help'' in the body of your message. - -announce: For announcements about or on FreeBSD. -hackers: Useful for persons wishing to work on the internals. -questions: General questions on FreeBSD. -bugs: Where bugs should be sent. -commit: This list carries the commit messages for freefall. Useful - for tracking ongoing work. -SCSI: Mailing list for SCSI developers. -current: This list is for persons wishing to run FreeBSD-current - and carries announcements and discussions on current. -ports: Discussion of "/usr/ports" -hardware: Types of hardware FreeBSD runs on -security: Security issues -platforms: Porting to non-Intel platforms - -Please see also the FreeBSD mailing list FAQ in: - - /usr/src/share/FAQ/FreeBSD.mailing-list.FAQ - -0.4: What are the various FreeBSD news groups? - -While there are no groups currently dedicated to FreeBSD, you may find -the following groups useful. - -comp.os.386bsd.announce: For announcements -comp.os.386bsd.apps: For applications -comp.os.386bsd.questions: For questions -comp.os.386bsd.development: For working on the internals -comp.os.386bsd.bugs: About bugs -comp.os.386bsd.misc: For items that don't fit anywhere else - -NOTE: These groups cover all the *BSDs (FreeBSD, NetBSD, 386BSD). - - - -1 Installation --------------- - -1.1: I just installed my system and rebooted. Now I can't find the - extract or configure programs, where did they go? - -These two commands are just shell functions defined in /.profile. To -get these back, boot FreeBSD with a `-s' at the boot prompt. - - -1.2: I want to install FreeBSD onto a SCSI disk that has more than - 1024 cylinders. How do I do it? - -This depends. If you don't have DOS (or another operating system) on -the system, you can just keep the drive in native mode and simply make -sure that your root partition is below 1024 so the BIOS can boot the -kernel from it. It you also have DOS/some other OS on the drive then -your best bet is to find out what parameters that it thinks you have -before installing FreeBSD. When FreeBSD's installation procedure -prompts you for these values, you should then enter them rather than -simply going with the defaults. - -There is a freely available utility distributed with FreeBSD called -`pfdisk' (located in the tools/ subdirectory) which can be used for -this purpose. - - -1.3: When I boot FreeBSD it says ``Missing Operating System''. - -See question 1.2. This is classically a case of FreeBSD and DOS or -some other OS conflicting over their ideas of disk geometry. You will -have to reinstall FreeBSD, but obeying the instructions given above -will almost always get you going. - - -1.4: I have an IDE drive with lots of bad blocks on it and FreeBSD doesn't - seem to install properly. - -FreeBSD's bad block (bad144) handling is still not 100% (to put it -charitably) and it must unfortunately be said that if you've got an -IDE or ESDI drive with lots of bad blocks, then FreeBSD is probably -not for you! That said, it does work on thousands of IDE based -systems, so you'd do well to try it first before simply giving up. - -IDE drives are *supposed* to come with built-in bad-block remapping; -if you have documentation for your drive, you may want to see if this -feature has been disabled on your drive. However, ESDI, RLL, and -ST-506 drives normally do not do this. - -<1.1.5> -FreeBSD-current has better bad block handling due to improvments made -to the wd driver. - -1.5: I have 32MB of memory, should I expect any special problems? - -If you have an IDE controller, no. Likewise, if you have a full EISA -system with EISA disk controller or a working local bus controller -(read further) you'll have no problems. If you have an ISA system, or -an EISA system with an ISA disk controller then you will most -certainly have problems with the upper 16MB of memory due to the ISA -24 bit DMA limitation (which ISA cards in EISA systems will also -exhibit). If you have a local bus disk controller, then you should be -OK, UNLESS it's a Buslogic Bt445S with a revision less than `D' (BIOS -3.36 or earlier). - -<1.1.5> -1.1.5 has bounce-buffer support that make all of the above scenarios work -with a full 32MB of memory or more. You are therefore advised to simply pull -16MB of memory out, install, and then see about upgrading to FreeBSD 1.1.5 -so that you can put it back. - - -1.6: Do I need to install the complete sources? - -In general, no. However, we would strongly recommend that you -install, at a minimum, the `base' source kit, which includes several -of the files mentioned here, and the `sys' (kernel) source kit, which -includes sources for the kernel. There is nothing in the system which -requires the presence of the sources to operate, however, except for -the kernel-configuration program config(8). With the exception of the -kernel sources, our build structure is set up so that you can -read-only mount the sources from elsewhere via NFS and still be able -to make new binaries. (Because of the kernel-source restriction, we -recommend that you not mount this on /usr/src directly, but rather in -some other location with appropriate symbolic links to duplicate the -top-level structure of the source tree.) - -Having the sources on-line and knowing how to build a system with them -will make it much easier for you to upgrade to future releases of -FreeBSD. - -1.7: DES encryption software can not be exported from the United - States. If I live outside the US, how can I encrypt passwords? - -Since the DES encryption algorithm, which is used by passwd(1) and -friends to encrypt passwords cannot legally be exported from the US, -non-US users should not download this software from US FTP sites. - -There is however a replacement libcrypt available, based on sources -written in Australia by David Burren. This code is now available on -some non-US FreeBSD mirror sites. Sources for the unencumbered -libcrypt, and binaries of the programs which use it, can be obtained -from the following FTP sites: - - South Africa: braae.ru.ac.za:/pub/FreeBSD/securedist/ - owl.und.ac.za (currently uncertain) - Iceland: ftp.veda.is:/pub/crypt/FreeBSD/ - -The non-US securedist can be used as a direct replacement for the -encumbered US securedist. This securedist package is installed the -same way as the US package (see installation notes for details). If -you are going to install DES encryption, you should do so as soon as -possible, before installing other software. - -Non-US users should please not download any encryption software from -the USA. This can get the maintainers of the sites from which the -software is downloaded into severe legal difficulties. - -A non-US distribution of Kerberos is also being developed, and current -versions can generally be obtained by anonymous FTP from -braae.ru.ac.za. - -There is also a mailing list for the discussion of non-US encryption -software. For more information, send an email message with a single -line saying ``help'' in the body of your message to -<majordomo@braae.ru.ac.za>. - -1.8 HELP! My keyboard locked up during the install! - -Some keyboard controllers are not a friend to FreeBSD. Among these are -those on certain models of Gateway, IBM and AST machines. The most frequent -symptom encountered in such cases is that the keyboard refuses to respond -to input when at the `kcopy>' prompt in the second phase of bootstrapping -FreeBSD. Fortunately, there is a work-around that may get you all the -way home. Reset the machine and boot the kcopy floppy again, but this -time, as the kernel is booting, tap periodically on the num-lock key -until the kcopy prompt appears. Your keyboard should respond properly. - -Once your system is on the hard disk the problem generally goes away. -Some folks for whom the problem persists even after this stage find -relief in switching to the SYSCONS console driver (see /sys/i386/conf/SYSCONS), -which is in any case far more featureful than pccons and a recommended -upgrade. - - - -2 Hardware compatibility ------------------------- - -2.1: What kind of hard drives does FreeBSD run on? - -FreeBSD supports ST-506 (sometimes called ``MFM''), RLL, and ESDI -drives, which are usually connected to WD-1002, WD-1003, or WD-1006 -controllers (although clones should also work). FreeBSD also supports -IDE and SCSI hard drives. - -2.2: What SCSI controllers are supported? - -FreeBSD supports the following SCSI controllers: - -Adaptec AH-1542 Series <ISA> - AH-1742 Series <EISA> -Buslogic BT-445 Series <VLB> (but see section 1.5) - BT-545 Series <ISA> - BT-742 Series <EISA> - BT-747 Series <EISA> -Future Domain TMC-8XX/950 Series <ISA> (1.1.5 ONLY) -Seagate ST-01/02 Series <ISA> (1.1.5 ONLY) -UltraStor UH-14f Series <ISA> - UH-34f Series <EISA/VLB> - -There is supposed to be a UltraStor 24f driver floating around, but -we're not sure where (could someone please point us at it?). - -2.3: What CD-ROM drives are supported by FreeBSD? - -Any SCSI drive connected to a supported controller. Mitsumi -LU002(8bit), LU005(16bit) and FX001D(16bit 2x Speed). - -FreeBSD does NOT support drives connected to a Sound Blaster or -non-SCSI SONY or Panasonic drives. A general rule of thumb when -selecting a CDROM drive for FreeBSD use is to buy a very standard SCSI -model; they cost more, but deliver very solid performance in return. -Do not be fooled by very cheap drives that, in turn, deliver VERY LOW -performance! As always, you get what you pay for. - -The Mitsumi driver is known to be extremely slow compared to SCSI -drives. - - -2.4: What multi-port serial cards are supported by FreeBSD? - -AST/4 and BOCA 4/8/16 port cards. Some unnamed clone cards have also -been known to work, especially those that claim to be AST compatible. -Check the sio(4) man page to get more information on configuring such -cards. - - -2.5: Does FreeBSD support the AHA-2742 SCSI adapter from Adaptec? - -No, FreeBSD does not. This is due to Adaptec's unwillingness to -supply programming information under other than non-disclosure. This -is unfortunate, but there's nothing we can do about it. - - -2.6: I have a Mumbleco bus mouse. Is it supported and if so, how do I set - it up for XFree86? - -FreeBSD supports the Logitech and ATI Inport bus mice. You need to -add the following line to the kernel config file and recompile for the -Logitech and ATI mice: - - device mse0 at isa? port 0x23c tty irq6 vector mseintr - - -2.7: I have a PS/2 mouse (`keyboard' mouse) [Alternatively: I have a - laptop with a track-ball mouse]. How do I use it? - -<1.1.5>: The PS/2 mouse is part of the system. See the psm0 driver -description in /sys/doc/options.doc. - - -2.8: What types of tape drives are supported under FreeBSD? - -FreeBSD supports SCSI, QIC-02 and QIC-40/80 (Floppy based) tape -drives. This includes 8-mm (aka Exabyte) and DAT drives. - - -2.9: What sound cards are supported by FreeBSD? - -FreeBSD supports the SoundBlaster, SoundBlaster Pro, Pro Audio -Spectrum 16, AdLib and Gravis UltraSound sound cards. There is also -limited support for MPU-401 and compatible MIDI cards. The -SoundBlaster 16 and SoundBlaster 16 ASP cards are not yet supported. -NOTE: This is only for sound! This driver does not support CD-ROMs, -SCSI or joysticks on these cards. - - -2.10: What network cards does FreeBSD support? - -There is support for the following cards: - -`ed' driver: - NE2000 and 1000 - WD/SMC 8003, 8013 and Elite Ultra (8216) - 3Com 3c503 - And clones of the above - -`ie' driver: - AT&T EN100/StarLAN 10 - -`is' driver: - Isolan AT 4141-0 - Isolink 4110 - -`ep' driver: - 3com 3c509 (*) - - -(*)The `ep' driver is known to have some problems; see the -/usr/src/KNOWNBUGS file for more details. - - -2.11: I have a 386/486sx/486SLC machine without a math co-processor. - Will this cause me any problems? - -Generally no, but there are circumstances where you will take a hit, -either in performance or accuracy of the math emulation code (see -section 4.1). In particular, drawing arcs in X will be VERY slow. It -is highly recommended that you lay out the $50 or so for a math -co-processor; it's well worth it. NOTE: Some math co-processors are -better than others. It pains us to say it, but nobody ever got fired -for buying Intel. Unless you're sure it works with FreeBSD, beware of -clones. - -2.12: I am about to buy a new machine to run FreeBSD on and - want an idea of what other people are running. Is there list - of other systems anywhere? - -Yes. Please look at the file FAQ/Systems-1.1.FAQ. This file -is a listing of hardware that people are running in their machines. -Please note, this is a raw listing of equipment that other users -have sent in. - - - -3 Commercial Applications -------------------------- - -Note: This section is still very sparse, though we're hoping, of -course, that companies will add to it! :) The FreeBSD group has no -financial interest in any of the companies listed here but simply -lists them as a public service (and feels that commercial interest in -FreeBSD can have very positive effects on FreeBSD's long-term -viability). We encourage commercial software vendors to send their -entries here for inclusion. - - -3.1: Where can I get Motif for FreeBSD? - -Sequoia International provides commercial quality Motif 1.2.3 -development kits for FreeBSD 1.1 (with full shared library support) -under the product name of `SWiM'. Due to licensing restrictions from -the OSF, and the fact that Sequoia needs to make a living, these are -NOT FREE, but nonetheless quite reasonably priced in comparison to -many other commercial Motif distributions. Send electronic mail to -<info@seq.com> for further information. - -3.2: What about other commercial quality development systems for FreeBSD? - -ParcPlace Systems, Inc., who currently provides their excellent -`Object Interface & Object Builder' GUI development environment free -of charge to Linux users, is considering the the FreeBSD platform and -will make their intentions known fairly shortly. - - - -4 User Applications -------------------- - -4.1: I want to run X, how do I go about it? - -First, get the XFree86 distribution of X11R5 from XFree86.cdrom.com. -The version you want for FreeBSD 1.1 and later is XFree86 2.1. Follow -the instructions for installation carefully. You may then wish to read -the documentation for the ConfigXF86 tool, which assists you in -configuring XFree86 for your particular graphics card/mouse/etc. - - -4.1: I've been trying to run ghostscript on a 386 (or 486sx) with no - math co-processor and I keep getting errors. What's up? - -<1.1.5>: For 1.1.5 you may add the following to your kernel config file and -it will be compiled in. -options GPL_MATH_EMULATE - -NOTE: You will need to remove the MATH_EMULATE option when you do this. - - -4.2: If I want something like seyon, term, Kermit, emacs or any one of - hundreds of popular freeware utilities, is there a good place to - search through first? - -Yes, the FreeBSD `ports collection' was put together for just that -purpose. It contains some of the most often requested languages, -editors, mail and news reading programs, network software and many -many megabytes of other types of useful goodies. CDROM people will -probably have the ports collection already in /usr/ports, other folks -can get at the latest snapshot of the entire collection in: - - ftp.FreeBSD.ORG:pub/FreeBSD/FreeBSD-current/ports - -Note that this FTP server permits getting entire directories as one -(optionally gzipped or compressed) tar file. Read the FTP welcome -banner carefully for details. - - -4.3: I want all this neat software, but I haven't got the space or - CPU power to compile it all myself. Is there any way of getting - binaries? - -Yes. We support the concept of a `package', which is essentially a -gzipped binary distribution with a little extra intelligence embedded -in it for doing any custom installation work required. Packages can -also be installed or deinstalled again easily without having to know -the gory details. CDROM people will have a packages/ directory on -their CD, others can get the currently available packages from: - - ftp.FreeBSD.ORG:pub/FreeBSD/packages-1.1 - -Note that all ports may not be available as packages, and that new -packages are constantly being added. It is always a good idea to -check periodically to see which packages are available. A README file -in the packages directory provides more details on the care and -feeding of the package software, so no explicit details will be given -here. - -4.4: I'm trying to get Perl to work properly, but I keep getting - errors about dbm failures when I test it. How can I fix this? - -The problem here is that the tests are written for an older version of -the dbm code. There is nothing wrong with perl and the errors can -be ignored. - -4.5: I've been trying to get GCC 2.6.0 running on my system and it - keeps bombing. What can I do about? - -Due to problems with 2.6.0 and the advent of FreeBSD 2.0, we do not -support GCC 2.6.0 and suggest that you wait for 2.0. - - - -5 Miscellaneous Questions ----------------- - -5.1: I've heard of something called FreeBSD-current. How do I run it, and - where can I get more information? - -Read the file /usr/src/share/FAQ/FreeBSD.current.policy, -it will tell you all you need to know. - - -5.2: What is this thing called `sup', and how do I use it? - -SUP stands for Software Update Protocol, and was developed by CMU for -keeping their development trees in sync. We use it to keep remote -sites in sync with our central development sources. - -To use it, you need to have direct internet connectivity (not just -mail or news). First, pick up the sup_bin.tgz package from: - - ftp.FreeBSD.ORG:pub/FreeBSD/packages-1.1 - -Second, read the file /usr/src/share/FAQ/FreeBSD.sup.faq. - -This file describes how to setup sup on your machine. You may also -want to look at /usr/src/contrib/FAQ/FreeBSD.*.supfile, -which are a set of supfiles for supping from FreeBSD.ORG - - -5.3: How do I create customized installation disks that I can give - out to other people at my site? - -The entire process of creating installation disks and source and -binary archives is automated by various targets in -/usr/src/etc/Makefile. The information there should be enough to get -you started. - -5.4: How do I re-build my system without clobbering the existing - installed binaries? - -If you define the environment variable DESTDIR while running `make -world' or `make install', the newly-created binaries will be deposited -in a directory tree identical to the installed one, rooted at -${DESTDIR}. Some random combination of shared libraries modifications -and program rebuilds can cause this to fail in `make world', however. - - -5.5: When my system booted, it told me that ``(bus speed defaulted)''. - What does that mean? - -The Adaptec 1542 SCSI host adapters allow the user to configure their -bus access speed in software. Previous versions of the 1542 driver tried -to determine the fastest usable speed and set the adapter to that. We -found that this breaks some users' systems, so you now have to define -the ``TUNE_1542''' kernel configuration option in order to have this -take place. Using it on those systems where it works may make your -disks run faster, but on those systems where it doesn't, your data could -be corrupted. - -5.6: I would like to track changes to current and do not have net access. - Is there any way besides downloading the whole tree? - -Yes, Poul-Henning has set up a source tracking list. Please email -majordomo@ref.tfs.com with a body of "get ctm-src-cur README" for -futher information. - -5.7: How do I split up large binary files into smaller 240k files - like the distribution does? - -Newer BSD based systems have a "-b" option to split that allows them to -split files on arbitary byte bondaries. - -Here is an example from /usr/src/Makefile. -bin-tarball: - (cd ${DISTDIR}; \ - tar cf - . \ - gzip --no-name -9 -c | \ - split -b 240640 - \ - ${RELEASEDIR}/tarballs/bindist/bin_tgz.) - -5.8: I'm running Syscons and every morning my console locks up. What - is going on here? - -This sounds like the "kill -1 syslogd" problem. Make sure that the -following is correct on your system. -1. The attributes of the following nodes are correct. -/dev/console -crw------- 1 root 0, 0 May 23 15:32 /dev/console -/dev/ttyv0 -crw------- 1 root 12, 0 May 23 15:32 /dev/ttyv0 -The part you are concerned with are the major and minor device numbers. - -2. Make sure that getty is running on ttyv0 and NOT console. - -3. If /dev/vga exists that it is a symlink to /dev/ttyv0. - -5.9: I've had a couple of system panics and would like to be able - browse the system dumps. The normal kernel is stripped and - I don't want to run a bloated kernel. What can I do? - -Please retrieve the file FAQ/FreeBSD.kdebug.FAQ. This -file covers the instructions for looking at system dumps. - -5.10: I've got a Buslogic BT-946c with an Intel motherboard and - right after the kernel probes, my system hangs. How do I - fix it? - -Two things here. -1. Some intel motherboards have fixed PCI INT pins and you will have - to match the BT-946c's INT to match the motherboards. -2. FreeBSD 1.1.5.1 expects the INT on a non-standard pin and you - will have to also match this one. - - -6 Kernel Configuration ----------------------- - -6.1: When I compile a kernel with multi-port serial code, it tells me - that only the first port is probed and the rest skipped due to - interrupt conflicts. How do I fix this? - -The problem here is that FreeBSD has code built-in to keep the kernel -from getting trashed due to hardware or software conflicts. The way -to fix this is to leave out the IRQ settings on other ports besides -the first. Here is a example: - -# -# Multiport high-speed serial line - 16550 UARTS -# -device sio2 at isa? port 0x2a0 tty irq 5 flags 0x501 vector siointr -device sio3 at isa? port 0x2a8 tty flags 0x501 vector siointr -device sio4 at isa? port 0x2b0 tty flags 0x501 vector siointr -device sio5 at isa? port 0x2b8 tty flags 0x501 vector siointr - - -6.2: FreeBSD is supposed to come with support for QIC-40/80 drives but - when I look, I can't find it. - -You need to uncomment the following line in the generic config file -(or add it to your config file) and recompile. - -controller fdc0 at isa? port "IO_FD1" bio irq 6 drq 2 vector fdintr -disk fd0 at fdc0 drive 0 -disk fd1 at fdc0 drive 1 -#tape ft0 at fdc0 drive 2 -^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ - -You will have a device called /dev/ft0, which you can write to through -a special program to manage it called `ft' - see the man page on ft for -further details. Versions previous to -current also had some trouble dealing -wiht bad tape media; if you have trouble where ft seems to go back and forth -over the same spot, try grabbing the latest version of ft from /usr/src/sbin/ft -in current and try that. - - -6.3: Does FreeBSD support IPC primitives like those in System V? - -Yes, FreeBSD supports System V-style IPC. This includes shared -memory, messages and semaphores. You need to add the following lines -to your kernel config to enable them. - -options SYSVSHM -options "SHMMAXPGS=64" # 256Kb of sharable memory -options SYSVSEM # enable for semaphores -options SYSVMSG # enable for messaging - -Recompile and install. - - -6.4: Are there any utilities that make configuring a kernel easier? - -Well, yes and no. Look in /sys/i386/doc/options.doc (/sys/doc on post -1.1 systems) for a list of kernel options you can set, and what they -do. For a friendlier front-end to the process, see -/usr/src/contrib/configit - - -6.5: Will FreeBSD ever support other architectures? - -Several different groups have expressed interest in working on -multi-architecture support for FreeBSD. If you are interested in -doing so, please contact the developers at -<hackers@FreeBSD.ORG> for more information on our -strategy for porting. - - -6.6: I just wrote a device driver for a Foobar Systems, Inc. - Integrated Adaptive Gronkulator card. How do I get the - appropriate major numbers assigned? - -This depends on whether or not you plan on making the driver publicly -available. If you do, then please send us a copy of the driver source -code, plus the appropriate modifications to files.i386, a sample -configuration file entry, and the appropriate MAKEDEV code to create -any special files your device uses. If you do not, or are unable to -because of licensing restrictions, then character major number 32 and -block major number 8 have been reserved specifically for this purpose; -please use them. In any case, we'd appreciate hearing about your -driver on <hackers@FreeBSD.ORG>. - -6.7: I'm wanting to switch console drivers to Syscons. I changed my - kernel config file to run Syscons, but when I reboot the system - locks up! How do I fix it? - -There are four things that need to be done to properly install syscons -on a system. -1. Add the following line to your kernel config file while deleting the - line for pccons. -device sc0 at isa? port "IO_KBD" tty irq 1 vector scintr -(Note the changed vector 'scintr'. It is a common error to change the -device name but NOT the vector. - -2. Add the following option to your config file. -options "NCONS=6" # Change to reflect the number of consoles - -3. Modify /etc/ttys to enable gettys on ttyv0 - ttyv??. Here is an -example line. -ttyv0 "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" Pc3 on secure -Please make sure that you have disabled the getty on /dev/console. - -4. Create the device nodes in /dev. This is done useing the MAKEDEV -script located in that directory. Here is a command line that will create -6 virtual consoles. -MAKEDEV vty6 -If /dev/vga exists, it should now be a symlink to /dev/ttyv0. - -NOTE: If you are going to be running X, you will need an unused vty that - has no getty running on it. - - - -7 System Administration ------------------------ - -7.1: How do I add a user easily? I read the man page and am more confused - than ever! [Alternatively: I didn't read the man page, I never read - man pages! :-) ] - -Look at Gary Clark's Perl package ``AddIt'', which may be found in -/usr/src/contrib/adduser. This is a first attempt at solving the -problem and may be replaced with a more complex but capable solution -later. - - -7.2: I'm trying to use my printer and keep running into problems. I tried - looking at /etc/printcap, but it's close to useless. Any ideas? - -Yes, you can pick up Andreas Klemm's apsfilter package from: - -ftp.germany.eu.net:pub/comp/i386/Linux/Local.EUnet/People/akl/apsfilter-1.11.gz - -This is a complete package for printing text, PS and DVI files. It -requires ghostscript and dvips. - -If you are looking for a simple printcap just for PS and text files, -try picking up the printcap01 sources in: - - /usr/src/contrib/FAQ/code/printcap01 - -NOTE: We're looking for printcap entries for all printers. If you -have one, or a filter for one, please send it or mail us a pointer to -<FreeBSD-FAQ@FreeBSD.ORG>. Thanks! - -7.3: Help! I've lost my root password! How do I log in now? - Alternatively: I botched something bad in my root partition - that keeps me from booting, how do I fix it!? - -Follow these steps: - -1. First off, you need to boot the system single-user: Do this by rebooting -or resetting the machine, and when you come to the very first boot prompt -(the one you probably generally just hit `return' at or wait for it to -time-out) type: - - 386bsd -s - -This will send the `-s' flag to init(1) telling it to not bring you up all -the way into multi-user mode. The system should come up single-user and -present you with a simple `#' prompt. - -2. Now is probably a good time to type `fsck' and make sure your filesystems -are alright. If problems on your root filesystem are found and fixed, I would -recommend hitting the reset switch again and going back to step 1. Your -filesystems should all check fine the second time. - -3. At this point, your root filesystem is mounted *read only* for safety. -If the problems you must fix are not on the root fs then I recommend that -you simply leave it this way and fix the other problems. If you need to -write to the root fs (fixing passwords requires this, for one thing) and -you're using SCSI for your root fs then type: - - mount -u /dev/sd0a / - -If you're using IDE/ESDI for your rootfs, then instead type: - - mount -u /dev/wd0a / - -This will remount your root filesystem read/write and allow you to make -your changes. Once you have done so, I recommend another reboot. -Jordan - - -8 Networking ------------- - -8.1: Where can I get information booting FreeBSD `diskless', that is - booting and running a FreeBSD box from a server rather than having - a local disk? - -Please read /sys/i386/netboot/netboot.doc. - - -8.2: I've heard that you can use a FreeBSD box as a dedicated network - router - is there any easy support for this? - -Internet standards and good engineering practice prohibit us from -providing packet forwarding by default in FreeBSD. You can enable -this support by adding `options GATEWAY' to your kernel configuration -file and recompiling. In most cases, you will also need to run a -routing process to tell other systems on your network about your -router; FreeBSD comes with the standard BSD routing daemon routed(8), -or for more complex situations you may want to try GateD (available by -FTP from gated.Cornell.edu). FreeBSD is supported as of 3_5Alpha7. - -It is our duty to warn you that, even when FreeBSD is configured in -this way, it does not completely comply with the Internet standard -requirements for routers; however, it comes close enough for ordinary -usage. - -There is a standard `router floppy' that you can boot on a FreeBSD -machine to configure it as a network router. Please look in: - - freefall.cdrom.com:pub/incoming/freertr - -and follow the instructions. - - -8.3: Does FreeBSD support SLIP and PPP? - -Yes. See the man pages for slattach(8) and/or pppd(8) if you're using -FreeBSD to connect to another site. If you're using FreeBSD as a -server for other machines, look at the man page for sliplogin(8). -You may also want to take a look at the slip FAQ in: - FAQ/FreeBSD.slip.dialup.faq - -8.4: How do I set up NTP? - -NTP configuration is so complex and widely variable from site to site -that it would be impossible to make a blanket statement here. Your -best bet is to ask whoever's in charge of NTP at your site or network -provider; chances are that they are running a similar version of NTP -to the one that we provide, and they can probably provide you with the -right configuration files to get things going. - -If you can't find anyone in charge, you should examine the files in -/usr/src/contrib/xntpd/doc and see if they help any. If not, you -could ask on the comp.protocols.time.ntp newsgroup, or the -<ntp@ni.umd.edu> mailing-list. - -8.5: How do I get my network set up? I don't see how to make my - /dev/ed0 device! - -In the Berkeley networking framework, network interfaces are only -directly accessible by kernel code. Please see the /etc/netstart file -and the manual pages for the various network programs mentioned there -for more information. If this leaves you totally confused, then you -should pick up a book describing network administration on another -BSD-related operating system; with few significant exceptions, -administering networking on FreeBSD is basically the same as on SunOS -4.0 or Ultrix. - -8.6: How do I get my 3C503 to use the other network port? - -Use `ifconfig ed0' to see whether the ALTPHYS flag is set, and then -use either `ifconfig ed0 altphys' if it was off, or `ifconfig ed0 --altphys' if it was on. - -8.7: I'm having problems with NFS to/from FreeBSD and my Wuffotronics - Workstation / generic NFS appliance, where should I look first? - -Certain PC network cards are better than others (to put it mildly) and -can sometimes cause problems with network intensive applications like -NFS. See /usr/src/share/FAQ/NFS.FAQ for more information on this -topic. - -8.8: I want to enable IP multicast support on my FreeBSD box, how do I do it? - [Alternatively: What the heck IS multicasting and what applications - make use of it?] - -First off, to you'll need to rebuild a kernel with multicast support in it. -This requires that you have the sources to at least the kernel and the config -utility. See /usr/src/sys/i386/conf/LINT for its comments on multicast; you'll -need to set the MROUTING and MULTICAST options as shown there. - -Further reading/exploration for those interested in multicast: - -Product Description Where ---------------- ----------------------- --------------------------------------- -faq.txt Mbone FAQ ftp.isi.edu:/mbone/faq.txt -imm/immserv IMage Multicast ftp.hawaii.edu:/paccom/imm.src.tar.Z - for jpg/gif images. -nv Network Video. ftp.parc.xerox.com: - /pub/net-reseach/exp/nv3.3alpha.tar.Z -vat LBL Visual Audio Tool. ftp.ee.lbl.gov: - /conferencing/vat/i386-vat.tar.Z -wb LBL White Board. ftp.ee.lbl.gov: - /conferencing/wb/i386-wb.tar.Z -mmcc MultiMedia Conference ftp.isi.edu: - Control program /confctrl/mmcc/mmcc-intel.tar.Z -rtpqual Tools for testing the ftp.psc.edu:/pub/net_tools/rtpqual.c - quality of RTP packets. -vat_nv_record Recording tools for vat ftp.sics.se:archive/vat_nv_record.tar.Z - and nv. - -[Many thanks to Jim Lowe for providing multicast support for FreeBSD, and this -information] - - -9 Serial Communications ------------------------ - -9.1: When I do a set line in Kermit it locks up, what's the problem? - -The problem here is that FreeBSD thinks it's talking to a incoming -modem connection, and is waiting for carrier to come up on it before -completing the open. To disable modem control, do an: - - stty -f /dev/ttyXX clocal - -(Where `ttyXX' is the tty port you're using). If you use a given port -only for outgoing connections, you may wish to put this command in -your /etc/rc.local to avoid having to do it every time you reboot your -system. - - -NOTE: Anyone wishing to submit a FAQ entry on how to get tip and cu working - would have it much appreciated! We all use Kermit over here! :-) - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -If you see a problem with this FAQ, or wish to submit an entry, please -mail us at <FreeBSD-FAQ@FreeBSD.ORG>. We appreciate your -feedback, and cannot make this a better FAQ without your help! - - - FreeBSD Core Team - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ - -ACKNOWLEDGMENTS: - -Gary Clark II - Our head FreeBSD FAQ maintenance man -Jordan Hubbard - Janitorial services (I don't do windows) -Garrett Wollman - Networking and formatting -Robert Oliver, Jr. - Ideas and dumb questions (That made me think) -Ollivier Robert - Invaluable feedback and contributions -The FreeBSD Team - Kvetching, moaning, submitting data - -And to any others we've forgotten, apologies and heartfelt thanks! - diff --git a/share/FAQ/FreeBSD-1.X/Systems-1.1.FAQ b/share/FAQ/FreeBSD-1.X/Systems-1.1.FAQ deleted file mode 100644 index 29b2c06..0000000 --- a/share/FAQ/FreeBSD-1.X/Systems-1.1.FAQ +++ /dev/null @@ -1,266 +0,0 @@ - Systems FAQ - For FreeBSD - Last Modified: $Id: Systems-1.1.FAQ,v 1.1 1994/09/16 18:24:40 gclarkii Exp $ - -This FAQ is a list of systems that people have sent to the FAQ maintnance -person for inclusion. If you have a system you would like to be included -please send it to FreeBSD-FAQ@freefall.cdrom.com. - -Disclaimer: This document is composed of systems that people have sent to -the FAQ maintnance person. It is the not to be taken as an endorsement -for any system or manufacture. - - -1. - -386DX/20 real AMI, ISA -Oak SVGA (no X) -8MB -Adaptec 1542B, WD1007V ESDI -Wren VI and Miniscribe 660MB 20Mbit/sec ESDI -WD 8013EBT - -2. - -486DX/25 clone, AMI BIOS, ISA -Orchid PCIII gas plasma (yes, VGA16) -8MB -Adaptec 1542B -Micropolis 1684 SCSI -SMC 8013EEWC - -3. - - ??? OPTI chipset AMI BIOS 486/50 ISA -ISA ET4000 w/ X11 (not so slow) -16 Mb - 48 Mb swap -ISA aha1542 B -ISA no-name IDE w/ floppies -FUJITSU M2623S-512 405MB set to SCSI2 -SEAGATE ST3283N 237MB SCSI2 -SANYO CRD-400I SCSI2 cdromcdrom - -4. - -Lipizzan LDO-1 486DX-33 motherboard -Orchid ProIIs (1M) video -8 MB memory -Generic 2S/1P/2FD/IDE controller: -Maxtor 7213 AT -WDC AC2420H -PAS-16 + Sony CDU31A CD drive (Fusion 16 package). - *** The CD drive does not currently work with FreeBSD. - -5. - -Asus VL/ISA-486SV2 (ISA-VLB as you can see) -Orchid Fahrenheit 1280+ VLB (yes) -20MB -Some no-name IDE VLB controller -Conner CP30504 (I think....the 540MB IDE one) -Zoltrix 14.4/14.4 Fax/Modem on tty01 -Intel 486DX2/66 CPU + fan -Conner CP30104 (120MB....for DOS) - -6. - -AIR 486El (running with AMD486/40) -ATI Graphics Ultra Pro running XFree862.1 -16M -Adaptec 1742 -Micropolis 2217 -Wangtec 6130FS DAT drive (Some problems) - -7. - -Compudyne 486 DX2/66 -ATI Local Bus GUP w/ 2megs -16 Megs Memory -504 IDE Hard Drive -Colorado 250 meg QIC-80 tape drive - -8. - -American Megatrends Enterprise III, 486DX2-66 -ATI VLB Mach 32 (with X) -16 meg -Adaptec 1742 EISA SCSI with floppy -Toshiba 5030 SCSI-II -Toshiba 5157 SCSI-II -SMC Elite16T ISA Ethernet (ISA) - -9. - -American Megatrends Enterprise III, 486DX -ATI VLB Mach 32 (with X) -32 meg -Adaptec 1742 EISA SCSI with floppy -Maxtor P0-12S SCSI -Digital DSP5200S SCSI-II -Pro Audio Spectrum 16 -Wonder Board, 4 serial (16550), 3 parallel, each on a different interrupt - -10. - -NoName 486DX/33, Intel Chipset, EISA-Bus -ATI Graphics Ultra Pro EISA, -17" Nanao (Eizo) F550-i Monitor -Running the Mach32 X-Server XFree86-2.1.1 with fonts created from source. -16 MB RAM (planning to add another 8 MB). -AHA1742A -Conner CP3100 -Fujitsu 520 MB -Archive 525MB streamer tape. -Gravis UltraSound - works for mod-files. - -11. - -ASUS SP3 PCI Board with i486 DX/2 66 MHz -ISA ET4000 (I already tested a S3 805 PCI card successfully) -Adaptec 1542B -Toshiba XM3301TA CD-Rom -CDC Harddisk, 572 MB (I don't know the exact specs) - -12. - -Mylex MAE486/33 EISA Motherboard -16MB memory -Actix GE32+ S3 801 gfx -Adaptec 1742A controller -Seagate ST3160 drive -Seagate ST5120 drive -Archive Viper 150MB tape -Roland SCC-1 sound card -Gravis Ultrasound card -Longshine SMC/Novell compatable ethernet card - -13. - -Model: DECpc LPv 466d2 -Config: Local (Motherboard) S3 801 gfx, IDE controller, PS/2 mouse, 12MB memory - -14. - - -??? 486/DX266 EISA/VLB Motherboard -16MB memory -#9 GXE L12 VLB 3MB graphics card -Bt445S VLB disk controller -DEC DSP3105S drive -MAXSTOR P-17S drive -Tandberg 525MB tape drive -Toshiba XM3301 CDROM -Soundblaster 2.0 -Longshine SMC/Novell compatable ethernet card - -15. - -M407 PC chips with 33Mhz 486. -Had to disable external cache due to DMA problems. Board uses write-through -cache unless a second chip is added to allow write-back.write-back. -Orchid ProDesigner II (yes) -16Mb -IDE -Maxtor 7213 AT and Maxtor 7120 AT -2 BICC Isolans (Lance based cards) - -16. - -Gigabyte EISA/VLB motherboard with SIS chipset, AMI bios, 32 MB ram -Adaptec 1742 SCSI 2 controller with floppy controller enabled -Spea/V7 Mirage - S3/805 based localbus graphics card with 1 MB d-ram -no name wd8013 compatible ethernet card -Gravis Ultrasound card with 1 MB ram -2 Fujitsu 400 MB and 1 Seagate 500 MB SCSI 2 harddisks -5 1/4 + 3 1/2 inch floppy drives -Tandberg TDC3600 60 MB + Tandberg TDC3800 525 MB Streamer (these don't work -quite properly yet) - -17. - -i486DX33, 16 Mb RAM, 256 Kb external cache, VLB board -no-name IDE/floppy controller -Western Digital Caviar 2340 (325 Mb) -Kalok KL-343 (40 Mb) -Chips & Technologies 451 SuperVGA card (800x600, 16 colours, 256Kb) - -18. - -no name EISA i486DX/33 board, 16 MB RAM -Adaptec AHA-1540*A* (not knowing if the current -current might cause - problems, my kernel is from end of march) -Maxtor MXT-1240S, 1.2Gig very fast SCSI disk -Seagate ST-1144A, just to boot off the beast (also has a messdos partition yet) -Archive Viper 150 tape; has a firmware braindeadness when appending files, - works very well otherwise -ELSA Winner 1000 ISA/EISA, 1MB VRAM, S3 86C928 (unfortunately, D-step chip) -Nokia 447-B 17in monitor, running ~ 1100x800 resolution, very nice -true `Mouse Systems' optical mouse, fine thing! -sometimes a Toshiba XM-3301 CDROM, rather old, but solid & reliable - -19. - -older south-east Asia made notebook, i386SX/16, 5 MB RAM (where the 384 k hole - can be re-mapped, so all the 5 MB are useable) -Seagate ST-9145AG, 120 MB 2.5in IDE disk, very low power consumption, but - rather slow transfer rate, only about 350 K/s, so paging is a mess -640x480 LCD, ~ 16 gray tones distinguishable, Cirrus Logic CL-GD610/620 - chipset; runs generic VGA-Mono and VGA-16 XFree86[tm] servers; needs - some hacks in rc.local to give full contrast when running with the - pcvt display driver (due to their different default attribute handling) - - -20. - -Data General Dasher 386sx/16, 8 MB RAM -Adaptec AHA-1542B -Seagate ST-3655N, 525 MB SCSI disk -Conner CP-3044, 40 MB IDE disk -has been working with a Western Digital WD-1007V ESDI controller (on - secondary wdc address), and a Micropolis 1664-7 330 MB ESDI disk - - but this beast was terribly slow, loud (& unreliable) and therefore - had to go -ET-3000 based 512 K VGA, slow (wrt. XFree86), but reliable -3Com 3C503 Ethernet adaptor, suffers from the `do not nfs mount with - too large packets' problem, but works well otherwise -`Mouse Systems' optical mouse -Toshiba XM-3301 CDROM -already ran with a Micropolis 1664-3 330 MB SCSI disk (same drive as - above, but different interface) -already ran with an IBM 2Gig SCSI disk (don't remember the type) - - -21. - -Mylex MNA 486/33 EISA Motherboard -16Mb of Memory -1.2 GB Toshiba 538 SCSI disk -400Mb IBM SCSI disk -150/250Mb Tandberg SCSI tape drive -Toshiba 3401 SCSI CD-ROM -Tseng 4000 Video Controller -Logitech Bus Mouse -Mediavision Pro Audio Stereo Sound Card -Adaptech 1742A SCSI controller -WD8013EBT Ethernet Card - -22. - -386DX-40 w/Cyrix math co-processor -ET-4000 running X -16MB -IDE -540MB Western Digital -WD8003EP - - - - - - - - - - - - diff --git a/share/FAQ/FreeBSD.FAQ b/share/FAQ/FreeBSD.FAQ deleted file mode 100644 index d5804b0..0000000 --- a/share/FAQ/FreeBSD.FAQ +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1304 +0,0 @@ - - FreeBSD - Frequently Asked Questions - For Version 2.0 - -Please mail all suggestions and additions to <FAQ@FreeBSD.ORG> - - -Revision: $Id: FreeBSD.FAQ,v 1.23 1995/03/11 16:48:17 roberto Exp $ - -All entries are assumed to be relevant to FreeBSD 2.0. -Any entries with a <XXX> are under construction. - - -Table of Contents ------------------ - -0 Preface -1 Installation -2 Hardware Compatibility -3 Commercial applications -4 User Applications -5 Miscellaneous Questions -6 Kernel Configuration -7 System Administration -8 Networking -9 Serial Communications - - - -0 Preface ---------- - -Welcome to the FreeBSD 2.0 FAQ! This document tries to answer some of -the most frequently asked questions about FreeBSD 2.0. -If there's something you're having trouble with and you do not see it -here, please send email to: - - <questions@FreeBSD.ORG> - - -Some of the instructions here will also refer to auxiliary utilities -in the /usr/src/share/FAQ directory. CDROM purchasers and net folks -who've grabbed the FreeBSD 2.0 `srcdist' will have these files. If -you don't have the source distribution, then you can either grab the -whole thing from: - - ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.ORG/pub/FreeBSD/FreeBSD-current - -Or you can grab only those files you're interested in straight out of -the FreeBSD-current distribution in: - - ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.ORG/pub/FreeBSD/FreeBSD-current/src - -0.1: What is FreeBSD? - -FreeBSD 2.0 is a UN*X type operating system based on U.C. Berkeley's -4.4BSD-lite release for the i386 platform. It is also based indirectly -on William Jolitz's port of U.C. Berkeley's Net/2 to the i386, 386BSD. -There have been many additions and bug fixes made throughout -the entire system, some of the highlights of which are: - - More robust and extensive PC device support - System V-style IPC, messaging and semaphores - Shared Libraries - Much improved virtual memory code - Better console driver support - Network booting (diskless) support - Yellow Pages support - Full support of the PCI bus - Loadable kernel modules - Too many additional utilities and applications to mention - -<2.X-Current> - Serial Console Support - Merged VM/Buffer Cache - On demand PPP - Sync PPP - Improved SCSI support - - -0.2: What are the FreeBSD mailing lists, and how can I get on them? - -The following mailing lists are provided for FreeBSD users and -developers. For more information, send to -<majordomo@FreeBSD.ORG> and include a single line saying -``help'' in the body of your message. - -announce: For announcements about or on FreeBSD. -hackers: Useful for persons wishing to work on the internals. -questions: General questions on FreeBSD. -bugs: Where bugs should be sent. -SCSI: Mailing list for SCSI developers. -current: This list is for persons wishing to run FreeBSD-current - and carries announcements and discussions on current. -security: For issues dealing with system security. -platforms: Deals with ports to non-Intel platforms -ports: Discussion of /usr/ports/??? -fs: Discussion of FreeBSD Filesystems -hardware: Discussion on hardware requirements for FreeBSD. - -The FreeBSD-commit list has been broken up into groups dealing with different -areas of interest. Please see the FreeBSD mailing list FAQ in: - - /usr/src/share/FAQ/mailing-list.FAQ - - -0.3: What are the various FreeBSD news groups? - -While there are no groups currently dedicated to FreeBSD, you may find -the following groups useful. - -comp.os.386bsd.announce: For announcements -comp.os.386bsd.apps: For applications -comp.os.386bsd.questions: For questions -comp.os.386bsd.development: For working on the internals -comp.os.386bsd.bugs: About bugs -comp.os.386bsd.misc: For items that don't fit anywhere else - -NOTE: These groups cover all the *BSDs (FreeBSD, NetBSD, 386BSD). - -comp.os.bsd: General BSD topics, maybe of intrest - -NOTE: As of the date of this writing, there is has been a break up of -newsgroups into groups for each OS. These groups can be found under -``comp.unix.bsd''. - - -1 Installation --------------- - -1.1: I want to install FreeBSD onto a SCSI disk that has more than - 1024 cylinders. How do I do it? - -This depends. If you don't have DOS (or another operating system) on -the system, you can just keep the drive in native mode and simply make -sure that your root partition is below 1024 so the BIOS can boot the -kernel from it. It you also have DOS/some other OS on the drive then -your best bet is to find out what parameters that it thinks you have -before installing FreeBSD. When FreeBSD's installation procedure -prompts you for these values, you should then enter them rather than -simply going with the defaults. - -There is a freely available utility distributed with FreeBSD called -`pfdisk' (located in the tools/dos-tools subdirectory) which can be used for -this purpose. - - -1.2: When I boot FreeBSD it says ``Missing Operating System''. - -See question 1.2. This is classically a case of FreeBSD and DOS or -some other OS conflicting over their ideas of disk geometry. You will -have to reinstall FreeBSD, but obeying the instructions given above -will almost always get you going. - -1.3: When I install the boot manager and try to boot FreeBSD for the - first time, it just comes back with the boot manager prompt again. - -This is another symptom of the problem described in 1.2. Your -BIOS geometry and FreeBSD geometry settings do not agree! If your -controller or BIOS supports cylinder translation (often marked -as ">1GB drive support"), try toggling its setting and reinstalling -FreeBSD. - -1.4: I have an IDE drive with lots of bad blocks on it and FreeBSD doesn't - seem to install properly. - -FreeBSD's bad block (bad144) handling is still not 100% (to put it -charitably) and it must unfortunately be said that if you've got an -IDE or ESDI drive with lots of bad blocks, then FreeBSD is probably -not for you! That said, it does work on thousands of IDE based -systems, so you'd do well to try it first before simply giving up. - -IDE drives are *supposed* to come with built-in bad-block remapping; -if you have documentation for your drive, you may want to see if this -feature has been disabled on your drive. However, ESDI, RLL, and -ST-506 drives normally do not do this. - -1.5: I have 32MB of memory, should I expect any special problems? - -No. FreeBSD 2.0 comes with bounce buffers which allows your bus -mastering controller access to greater than 16MB. - -1.6: Do I need to install the complete sources? - -In general, no. However, we would strongly recommend that you -install, at a minimum, the `base' source kit, which includes several -of the files mentioned here, and the `sys' (kernel) source kit, which -includes sources for the kernel. There is nothing in the system which -requires the presence of the sources to operate, however, except for -the kernel-configuration program config(8). With the exception of the -kernel sources, our build structure is set up so that you can -read-only mount the sources from elsewhere via NFS and still be able -to make new binaries. (Because of the kernel-source restriction, we -recommend that you not mount this on /usr/src directly, but rather in -some other location with appropriate symbolic links to duplicate the -top-level structure of the source tree.) - -Having the sources on-line and knowing how to build a system with them -will make it much easier for you to upgrade to future releases of -FreeBSD. - -1.7: DES encryption software can not be exported from the United - States. If I live outside the US, how can I encrypt passwords? - -If it is not absolutely imperative that you use DES style encryption, -you can use FreeBSD's default encryption for even _better_ security, -and with no export restrictions. FreeBSD 2.0's password default -scrambler is now MD5 based, and is more CPU-intensive to crack -with an automated password cracker than DES. - -Since the DES encryption algorithm cannot legally be exported from the US, -non-US users should not download this software (as part of the secrdist) -from US FTP sites. - -There is however a replacement libcrypt available, based on sources -written in Australia by David Burren. This code is now available on -some non-US FreeBSD mirror sites. Sources for the unencumbered -libcrypt, and binaries of the programs which use it, can be obtained -from the following FTP sites: - - South Africa: braae.ru.ac.za:/pub/FreeBSD/securedist/ - owl.und.ac.za (currently uncertain) - Iceland: ftp.veda.is:/pub/crypt/FreeBSD/ - -The non-US securedist can be used as a direct replacement for the -encumbered US securedist. This securedist package is installed the -same way as the US package (see installation notes for details). If -you are going to install DES encryption, you should do so as soon as -possible, before installing other software. - -Non-US users should please not download any encryption software from -the USA. This can get the maintainers of the sites from which the -software is downloaded into severe legal difficulties. - -A non-US distribution of Kerberos is also being developed, and current -versions can generally be obtained by anonymous FTP from -braae.ru.ac.za. - -There is a mailing list for the discussion of non-US encryption -software. For more information, send an email message with a single -line saying ``help'' in the body of your message to -<majordomo@braae.ru.ac.za>. - - - -2 Hardware compatibility ------------------------- - -2.1: What kind of hard drives does FreeBSD run on? - -FreeBSD supports ST-506 (sometimes called ``MFM''), RLL, and ESDI -drives, which are usually connected to WD-1002, WD-1003, or WD-1006 -controllers (although clones should also work). - -FreeBSD also supports IDE and SCSI hard drives. - -2.2: What SCSI controllers are supported? - -FreeBSD supports the following SCSI controllers: - -Adaptec AH-154x Series <ISA> - AH-174x Series <EISA> - AH-152x Series <ISA> - Sound Blaster SCSI (AH-152x compat) <ISA> - AH-2742/2842 Series <ISA/EISA> - AH-2820/2822/2825 Series <VLB> -Buslogic BT-445 Series <VLB> (but see section 1.5) - BT-545 Series <ISA> - BT-742 Series <EISA> - BT-747 Series <EISA> - BT-964 Series <PCI> -Future Domain TMC-950 Series <ISA> -PCI Generic NCR 53C810 based controllers <PCI> -ProAudioSpectrum Zilog 5380 based controllers <ISA> -Seagate ST-01/02 Series <ISA> -UltraStor UH-14f Series <ISA> - UH-34f Series <EISA/VLB> - -<2.X-Current Only> -Western Digital WD7000 <ISA> <No scatter/gather> -Adaptec AH-294x and aic7870 MB controllers <PCI> -ProAudioSpectrum Trantor 130 based controllers <ISA> - -2.3: What CD-ROM drives are supported by FreeBSD? - -Any SCSI drive connected to a supported controller. -Mitsumi LU002(8bit), LU005(16bit) and FX001D(16bit 2x Speed). - -<2.X-Current> -Sound Blaster Non-SCSI CD-ROM - -FreeBSD does not support any of the ``IDE'' CD-ROM interfaces. -All non-SCSI cards are known to be extremely slow compared to SCSI -drives. - -2.4: What multi-port serial cards are supported by FreeBSD? - -AST/4 -BOCA 4/8/16 port cards. - -<2.X-Current> -Cyclades 8/16 port <Alpha> - -Some unnamed clone cards have also been known to work,, especially those -that claim to be AST compatible. -Check the sio(4) man page to get more information on configuring such -cards. - - -2.5: Does FreeBSD support the AHA-2742/2842 SCSI adapters from Adaptec? - -Yes, though portions of the sources are currently GPL'd (that is to say, -distributed under the GNU Public License), so be aware of the fact should -you wish to distribute kernel binaries compiled with it - you MUST also -provide the sources to the driver with the kernel image to stay legal -with the GPL! This is easily enough done by simply including the contents -of /usr/src/sys/gnu/{aic7770,misc} on whatever media you distribute the -kernel. - -We are working to get the GPL restriction removed, but for now you should -at least be aware of it. - - -2.6: I have a Mumbleco bus mouse. Is it supported and if so, how do I set - it up for XFree86? - -FreeBSD supports the Logitech and ATI Inport bus mice. You need to -add the following line to the kernel config file and recompile for the -Logitech and ATI mice: - - device mse0 at isa? port 0x23c tty irq6 vector mseintr - - -2.7: I have a PS/2 mouse (`keyboard' mouse) [Alternatively: I have a - laptop with a track-ball mouse]. How do I use it? - - - -2.8: What types of tape drives are supported under FreeBSD? - -FreeBSD supports SCSI, QIC-02 and QIC-40/80 (Floppy based) tape -drives. This includes 8-mm (aka Exabyte) and DAT drives. - - -2.9: What sound cards are supported by FreeBSD? - -FreeBSD supports the SoundBlaster, SoundBlaster Pro, Pro Audio -Spectrum 16, AdLib and Gravis UltraSound sound cards. There is also -limited support for MPU-401 and compatible MIDI cards. The -SoundBlaster 16 and SoundBlaster 16 ASP cards are not yet supported. -NOTE: This is only for sound! This driver does not support CD-ROMs, -SCSI or joysticks on these cards. - - -2.10: What network cards does FreeBSD support? - -There is support for the following cards: - -`ed' driver: - NE2000 and 1000 - WD/SMC 8003, 8013 and Elite Ultra (8216) - 3Com 3c503 - And clones of the above - -`de' driver: - DEC and compatible PCI controllers. - -`le' driver: - DEC LANCE ethernet based controllers. - -`ie' driver: - AT&T EN100/StarLAN 10 - 3Com 3c507 - -`is' driver: - Isolan AT 4141-0 - Isolink 4110 - -`ep' driver: - 3com 3c509 (*) - -`el' driver: - 3com 3c501 (*) - -`ze' driver: - IBM PCMCIA credit card adapter - -`lnc' driver: - Unknown Lance based (*) - -<2.X-Current> - -`cx' driver - Cronyx/Sigma multiport Sync/Async (Cisco and PPP framing) - -`zp' driver - 3Com PCMCIA Etherlink III - -Note: Drivers marked with (*) are known to have problems. - -Note: We also support TCP/IP over parallel lines. At this point we are - incompatiable with other versions, but we hope to correct this in - the near future. - -2.11: I have a 386/486sx/486SLC machine without a math co-processor. - Will this cause me any problems? - -Generally no, but there are circumstances where you will take a hit, -either in performance or accuracy of the math emulation code (see -section 4.1). In particular, drawing arcs in X will be VERY slow. It -is highly recommended that you lay out the $50 or so for a math -co-processor; it's well worth it. NOTE: Some math co-processors are -better than others. It pains us to say it, but nobody ever got fired -for buying Intel. Unless you're sure it works with FreeBSD, beware of -clones. - -2.12: What other devices does 2.X support? - -Here is a listing of drivers that do not fit into any of the above areas. - -b004.c Driver for B004 compatiable Transputer boards -ctx.c Driver for CORTEX-I Frame grabber -gpib.c Driver for National Instruments AT-GPIB and AT-GPIB/TNT boards -pcaudio.c Driver for PC speakers to allow the playing of audio files -tw.c Driver for the X-10 POWERHOUSE - -<2.X-Current> -spigot.c Driver for the Creative Labs Video Spigot -gsc.c Driver for the Genuis GS-4500 Hand scanner -joy.c Driver for a joystick - -2.13: I am about to buy a new machine to run FreeBSD on and - want an idea of what other people are running. Is there list - of other systems anywhere? - -Yes. Please look at the file Systems.FAQ. This file -is a listing of hardware that people are running in their machines. -Please note, this is a raw listing of equipment that other users -have sent in, and does not constitute any kind of endorsement by the -FreeBSD Project. - -2.14: I have a lap-top with power management. Can FreeBSD take advantage - of this? - -Yes it can on certain machines. Please look in the LINT kernel config -file under APM. - - - -3 Commercial Applications -------------------------- - -Note: This section is still very sparse, though we're hoping, of -course, that companies will add to it! :) The FreeBSD group has no -financial interest in any of the companies listed here but simply -lists them as a public service (and feels that commercial interest in -FreeBSD can have very positive effects on FreeBSD's long-term -viability). We encourage commercial software vendors to send their -entries here for inclusion. - - -3.1: Where can I get Motif for FreeBSD? - -You can purchase Motif 1.2.3 for FreeBSD (SWiM) from the ACC Bookstore, -P.O. Box 3364, Westport CT. 06880. 1-800-546-7274 or FAX: 1-203-454-2582 - -This software works flawlessly for for FreeBSD 1.1.5 but has shown -one problem with 2.0 in that the "uil" program core dumps. This is -apparently because of the way uil is installed, and it's quite possible -that ACC will have a fixed version by the time you read this. No -other compatibility problems with the programs or libraries have been -found, and ACC can hardly be blamed for failing to work perfectly with -a brand-new release they haven't even seen yet! :) - - -3.2: Are there any commercial X servers for some of the high-end - graphics cards like the Matrox or #9 I-128, or offering 8/16/24 - bit deep pallettes? - -Yes, X Inside Incorporated sells their Accelerated-X product for -FreeBSD and other Intel based systems. - -This high performance X Server offers easy configuration, support -for multiple concurrent video boards and is distributed in binary -form only. - -Price is $99.50 (promotional price for Linux/FreeBSD version) for -the 1.1 version, which is available now. - -This product is for FreeBSD 1.1 and runs under 2.0 with the FreeBSD 1.1 -compatibility libs (`compat1xdist'). - -More info: URL http://www.xinside.com/ - or URL ftp://ftp.xinside.com/accelx/1.1/prodinfo.txt - or email info@xinside.com - or phone +1(303)384-9999 - - -3.3: Any other applications I might be interested in? - -RenderMorphics, Ltd. sells a high-speed 3D rendering package for -FreeBSD called "Reality Lab" (tm). Send email to info@render.com -or call: +44(0)71-251-4411 / FAX: +44(0)71-251-0939 - -This package is also for FreeBSD 1.1.5 but has been tested and shown -to run under FreeBSD 2.0 with the compat1xdist installed. - -Thanks must be extended to all of these companies for showing enough faith -in FreeBSD to port their products to it. While we get no direct benefit -from the sales of these products, the indirect benefits of FreeBSD -proving itself to be a successful platform for such commercial interests -will be immense! We wish these companies every measure of success, and -can only hope that others are encouraged to follow suit. - - -4 User Applications -------------------- - -4.1: I want to run X, how do I go about it? - -First, get the XFree86 distribution of X11R6 from XFree86.cdrom.com. -The version you want for FreeBSD 2.X and later is XFree86 3.1.1. Follow -the instructions for installation carefully. You may then wish to read -the documentation for the ConfigXF86 tool, which assists you in -configuring XFree86 for your particular graphics card/mouse/etc. - -You may also wish to investigate the Xaccel server, which is available -at a very reasonable price. See section 3.2 for more details. - -4.2: I've been trying to run ghostscript on a 386 (or 486sx) with no - math co-processor and I keep getting errors. What's up? - -You will need to add the alternate math emulator to your kernel, you do this -by adding the following to your kernel config file and it will be compiled in. - -options GPL_MATH_EMULATE - -NOTE: You will need to remove the MATH_EMULATE option when you do this. - - -4.2: I want all this neat software, but I haven't got the space or - CPU power to compile it all myself. Is there any way of getting - binaries? - -Yes. We support the concept of a `package', which is essentially a -gzipped binary distribution with a little extra intelligence embedded -in it for doing any custom installation work required. Packages can -also be installed or deinstalled again easily without having to know -the gory details. CDROM people will have a packages/ directory on -their CD, others can get the currently available packages from: - - ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.ORG/pub/FreeBSD/packages - -Note that all ports may not be available as packages, and that new -packages are constantly being added. It is always a good idea to -check periodically to see which packages are available. A README file -in the packages directory provides more details on the care and -feeding of the package software, so no explicit details will be given -here. - - - - -5 Miscellaneous Questions ----------------- - -5.1: I've heard of something called FreeBSD-current. How do I run it, and - where can I get more information? - -Read the file /usr/src/share/FAQ/current-policy.FAQ, -it will tell you all you need to know. - - -5.2: What is this thing called `sup', and how do I use it? - -SUP stands for Software Update Protocol, and was developed by CMU for -keeping their development trees in sync. We use it to keep remote -sites in sync with our central development sources. - -Unless you have direct internet connectivity, and don't care too much -about the cost/duration of the sessions, you shouldn't use sup. For -those "low/expensive-bandwidth" applications, we have developed CTM, -see 5.6 for more about that. - -To use it, you need to have direct internet connectivity (not just -mail or news). First, pick up the sup.tgz package from: - - ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.ORG/pub/FreeBSD/packages/sup.tgz - -Second, read the file /usr/src/share/FAQ/sup.FAQ. - -This file describes how to setup sup on your machine. You may also -want to look at /usr/src/share/FAQ/extras/*.supfile, or you may grab updated -supfiles from: - - ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.ORG//pub/FreeBSD/FAQ/extras - -which are a set of supfiles for supping from FreeBSD.ORG. - - -5.3: How do I create customized installation disks that I can give - out to other people at my site? - -The entire process of creating installation disks and source and -binary archives is automated by various targets in -/usr/src/etc/Makefile. The information there should be enough to get -you started. - -5.4: How do I re-build my system without clobbering the existing - installed binaries? - -If you define the environment variable DESTDIR while running `make -world' or `make install', the newly-created binaries will be deposited -in a directory tree identical to the installed one, rooted at -${DESTDIR}. Some random combination of shared libraries modifications -and program rebuilds can cause this to fail in `make world', however. - - -5.5: When my system booted, it told me that ``(bus speed defaulted)''. - What does that mean? - -The Adaptec 1542 SCSI host adapters allow the user to configure their -bus access speed in software. Previous versions of the 1542 driver tried -to determine the fastest usable speed and set the adapter to that. We -found that this breaks some users' systems, so you now have to define -the ``TUNE_1542''' kernel configuration option in order to have this -take place. Using it on those systems where it works may make your -disks run faster, but on those systems where it doesn't, your data could -be corrupted. - -5.6: I would like to track changes to current and do not have net access. - Is there any way besides downloading the whole tree? - -Yes, you can use the CTM facility. Check out the ctm.FAQ file or - ftp://freefall.cdrom.com/pub/CTM/README -for more information. - -5.7: How do I split up large binary files into smaller 240k files - like the distribution does? - -Newer BSD based systems have a "-b" option to split that allows them to -split files on arbitary byte bondaries. - -Here is an example from /usr/src/Makefile. -bin-tarball: - (cd ${DISTDIR}; \ - tar cf - . \ - gzip --no-name -9 -c | \ - split -b 240640 - \ - ${RELEASEDIR}/tarballs/bindist/bin_tgz.) - - -<XXX> 5.8: I've had a couple of system panics and would like to be able - browse the system dumps. The normal kernel is stripped and - I don't want to run a bloated kernel. What can I do? - -5.9: I just got a Perl application and it's bombing looking for - *.ph. Where is it? - -There was a minor SNAFU in the 2.0-R bindist and they got left out. -If you have the source, you just have to do a "make install" from -/usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/perl/lib and everything will be fine. Or you -may ftp to phoenix-gw.gbdata.com and grab them from ~/pub/perl/libs.tar.gz. - -5.10: I've got this neato kernel extension I just know everyone will - will want. How do I get it included into the distribution? - -Please take a look at the FAQ for submiting code to FreeBSD at: - - ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.ORG/pub/FreeBSD/FAQ/submitters.FAQ - -And thanks for the thought. - - -6 Kernel Configuration ----------------------- - -6.0: Ok, so how DO I compile my own kernel, anyway? - -Before you can compile a kernel, you need either the complete srcdist -or, at the minimum, the kerndist loaded on your system. This provides -the necessary sources for building the kernel, as we have a policy of -NOT shipping our kernels in linkable object form as most commercial -UNIX vendors do. Shipping the source takes a bit more space, but it also -means that you can refer to the actual kernel sources in case of difficulty -or to further your understanding of what's *actually* happening. - -Anyway, to answer the question, once you have the kerndist or srcdist -loaded, do this: - - 6.0.1: cd /usr/src/sys/i386/conf - 6.0.2: cp GENERIC MYKERNEL - 6.0.3: vi MYKERNEL - 6.0.4: config MYKERNEL - 6.0.5: cd ../../compile/MYKERNEL - 6.0.6: make all - 6.0.7: make install - 6.0.8: reboot - -Step 6.0.2 may not be necessary if you already have a kernel configuration -file from a previous release of FreeBSD 2.x. - simply bring your old one -over and check it carefully for any drivers that may have changed boot -syntax or been rendered obsolete. - -A good kernel config file to look into is LINT, which contains entries for -*all* possible kernel options and documents them fairly well. The GENERIC -kernel config file is used to build the initial release you probably loaded -(unless you upgraded in-place) and contains entries for the most common -configurations. It's a pretty good place to start from. - -If you don't need to make any changes to GENERIC, you can also skip step -6.0.3, where you customize the kernel for your configuration. Step 6.0.7 -should only be undertaken if step 6.0.6 succeeds. This will copy -the new kernel image to /kernel and BACK UP YOUR OLD ONE IN /kernel.old! -It's very important to remember this in case the new kernel fails to work -for some reason - you can still select /kernel.old at the boot prompt to -boot the old one. When you reboot, the new kernel will boot by default. - -If the compile in 6.0.6 falls over for some reason, then it's recommended -that you start from step 6.0.4 but substitute GENERIC for MYKERNEL. If you -can generate a GENERIC kernel, then it's likely something in your special -configuration file that's bad (or you've uncovered a bug!). If the build -of the GENERIC kernel does NOT succeed, then it's very likely that your -sources are somehow corrupted. - -Finally, if you need to see your original boot messages again to compile -a new kernel that's better tailored to your hardware, try the `dmesg' command. -It should print out all the boot-time messages printed by your old kernel, -some of which may be quite helpful in configuring the new one. - - -6.1: When I compile a kernel with multi-port serial code, it tells me - that only the first port is probed and the rest skipped due to - interrupt conflicts. How do I fix this? - -The problem here is that FreeBSD has code built-in to keep the kernel -from getting trashed due to hardware or software conflicts. The way -to fix this is to leave out the IRQ settings on other ports besides -the first. Here is a example: - -# -# Multiport high-speed serial line - 16550 UARTS -# -device sio2 at isa? port 0x2a0 tty irq 5 flags 0x501 vector siointr -device sio3 at isa? port 0x2a8 tty flags 0x501 vector siointr -device sio4 at isa? port 0x2b0 tty flags 0x501 vector siointr -device sio5 at isa? port 0x2b8 tty flags 0x501 vector siointr - - -6.2: FreeBSD is supposed to come with support for QIC-40/80 drives but - when I look, I can't find it. - -You need to uncomment the following line in the generic config file -(or add it to your config file) and recompile. - -controller fdc0 at isa? port "IO_FD1" bio irq 6 drq 2 vector fdintr -disk fd0 at fdc0 drive 0 -disk fd1 at fdc0 drive 1 -#tape ft0 at fdc0 drive 2 -^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ - -You will have a device called /dev/ft0, which you can write to through -a special program to manage it called `ft' - see the man page on ft for -further details. Versions previous to -current also had some trouble dealing -wiht bad tape media; if you have trouble where ft seems to go back and forth -over the same spot, try grabbing the latest version of ft from /usr/src/sbin/ft -in current and try that. - - -6.3: Does FreeBSD support IPC primitives like those in System V? - -Yes, FreeBSD supports System V-style IPC. This includes shared -memory, messages and semaphores. You need to add the following lines -to your kernel config to enable them. - -options SYSVSHM -options "SHMMAXPGS=64" # 256Kb of sharable memory -options SYSVSEM # enable for semaphores -options SYSVMSG # enable for messaging - -Recompile and install. - - -6.4: Will FreeBSD ever support other architectures? - -Several different groups have expressed interest in working on -multi-architecture support for FreeBSD. If you are interested in -doing so, please contact the developers at -<FreeBSD-hackers@FreeBSD.ORG> for more information on our -strategy for porting. - - -6.5: I just wrote a device driver for a Foobar Systems, Inc. - Integrated Adaptive Gronkulator card. How do I get the - appropriate major numbers assigned? - -This depends on whether or not you plan on making the driver publicly -available. If you do, then please send us a copy of the driver source -code, plus the appropriate modifications to files.i386, a sample -configuration file entry, and the appropriate MAKEDEV code to create -any special files your device uses. If you do not, or are unable to -because of licensing restrictions, then character major number 32 and -block major number 8 have been reserved specifically for this purpose; -please use them. In any case, we'd appreciate hearing about your -driver on <FreeBSD-hackers@FreeBSD.ORG>. - - - -7 System Administration ------------------------ - -7.1: How do I add a user easily? I read the man page and am more confused - than ever! [Alternatively: I didn't read the man page, I never read - man pages! :-) ] - -Use the adduser command. - - -<XXX> 7.2: I'm trying to use my printer and keep running into problems. I tried - looking at /etc/printcap, but it's close to useless. Any ideas? - - - -8 Networking ------------- - - -8.2: I've heard that you can use a FreeBSD box as a dedicated network - router - is there any easy support for this? - -Internet standards and good engineering practice prohibit us from -providing packet forwarding by default in FreeBSD. You can enable -this support by adding `options GATEWAY' to your kernel configuration -file and recompiling. In most cases, you will also need to run a -routing process to tell other systems on your network about your -router; FreeBSD comes with the standard BSD routing daemon routed(8), -or for more complex situations you may want to try GateD (available by -FTP from gated.Cornell.edu) which supports FreeBSD as of 3_5Alpha7. - -It is our duty to warn you that, even when FreeBSD is configured in -this way, it does not completely comply with the Internet standard -requirements for routers; however, it comes close enough for ordinary -usage. - - -8.3: Does FreeBSD support SLIP and PPP? - -Yes. See the man pages for slattach(8) and/or pppd(8) if you're using -FreeBSD to connect to another site. If you're using FreeBSD as a -server for other machines, look at the man page for sliplogin(8). -You may also want to take a look at the slip FAQ in: - /usr/src/share/FAQ/Slip.FAQ - -8.4: How do I get my network set up? I don't see how to make my - /dev/ed0 device! - -In the Berkeley networking framework, network interfaces are only -directly accessible by kernel code. Please see the /etc/netstart file -and the manual pages for the various network programs mentioned there -for more information. If this leaves you totally confused, then you -should pick up a book describing network administration on another -BSD-related operating system; with few significant exceptions, -administering networking on FreeBSD is basically the same as on SunOS -4.0 or Ultrix. - -8.5: How do I get my 3C503 to use the other network port? - -Use `ifconfig ed0' to see whether the ALTPHYS flag is set, and then -use either `ifconfig ed0 altphys' if it was off, or `ifconfig ed0 --altphys' if it was on. - -8.6: I'm having problems with NFS to/from FreeBSD and my Wuffotronics - Workstation / generic NFS appliance, where should I look first? - -Certain PC network cards are better than others (to put it mildly) and -can sometimes cause problems with network intensive applications like -NFS. See /usr/src/share/FAQ/NFS.FAQ for more information on this -topic. - -8.8: I want to enable IP multicast support on my FreeBSD box, how do I do it? - [Alternatively: What the heck IS multicasting and what applications - make use of it?] - -Multicast host operations are fully supported in FreeBSD 2.0 by default. -If you want your box to run as a multicast router, you will need to load -the ip_mroute_mod loadable kernel module and run mrouted. - -For more information: - -Product Description Where ---------------- ----------------------- --------------------------------------- -faq.txt Mbone FAQ ftp.isi.edu:/mbone/faq.txt -imm/immserv IMage Multicast ftp.hawaii.edu:/paccom/imm.src.tar.Z - for jpg/gif images. -nv Network Video. ftp.parc.xerox.com: - /pub/net-reseach/exp/nv3.3alpha.tar.Z -vat LBL Visual Audio Tool. ftp.ee.lbl.gov: - /conferencing/vat/i386-vat.tar.Z -wb LBL White Board. ftp.ee.lbl.gov: - /conferencing/wb/i386-wb.tar.Z -mmcc MultiMedia Conference ftp.isi.edu: - Control program /confctrl/mmcc/mmcc-intel.tar.Z -rtpqual Tools for testing the ftp.psc.edu:/pub/net_tools/rtpqual.c - quality of RTP packets. -vat_nv_record Recording tools for vat ftp.sics.se:archive/vat_nv_record.tar.Z - and nv. - - - -9 Serial Communications ------------------------ - -This section answers common questions about serial communications with -FreeBSD. - -9.1: How do I tell if FreeBSD found my serial ports or modem cards? - -As the FreeBSD kernel boots, it will probe for the serial ports in -your system for which the kernel was configured. You can either watch -your system closely for the messages it prints or run the command - - dmesg | grep sio - -after your system's up and running. - -Here's some example output from the above command: - - sio0 at 0x3f8-0x3ff irq 4 on isa - sio0: type 16550A - sio1 at 0x2f8-0x2ff irq 3 on isa - sio1: type 16550A - -This shows two serial ports. The first is on irq 4, is using port -address 0x3f8, and has a 16550A-type UART chip. The second uses the -same kind of chip but is on irq 3 and is at port address 0x2f8. -Internal modem cards are treated just like serial ports---except that -they always have a modem ``attached'' to the port. - -The GENERIC kernel includes support for two serial ports using the -same irq and port address settings in the above example. If these -settings aren't right for your system, or if you've added modem cards -or have more serial ports than your kernel is configured for, just -reconfigure your kernel. See section 7 of the FAQ for more details. - -9.2: How do I access the serial ports once FreeBSD is running? - -The third serial port, sio2 (known as COM3 in DOS), is on /dev/tty02 -for directly-connected devices, on /dev/cuaa2 for dial-out devices, -and on /dev/ttyd2 for dial-in devices. What's the difference between -these three classes of devices? - -You use ttyXX for directly-connected or hardwired devices, like -printers or terminals. - -In place of ttyXX, you can use the pair of devices cuaaX and ttydX. -You use ttydX for dial-ins. The ttydX device acts like the ttyXX -device, but it also uses the modem control lines. When opening -/dev/ttydX in blocking mode, a process will wait for the corresponding -cuaaX device to become inactive, and then wait for the carrier detect -line to go active. When you open the cuaaX device, it makes sure the -serial port isn't already in use by the ttydX device. If the port's -available, it ``steals'' it from the ttydX device. Also, the cuaaX -device doesn't care about carrier detect. With this scheme and an -auto-answer modem, you can have remote users log in and you can still -dialout with the same modem and the system will take care of all the -conflicts. - -9.3: How do I configure the kernel for my multiport serial card? - -Again, the section on kernel configuration provides information about -configuring your kernel. For a multiport serial card, place an sio -line for each serial port on the card in the kernel configuration -file. But place the irq and vector specifiers on only one of the -entries. All of the ports on the card should share one irq. For -consistency, use the last serial port to specify the irq. Also, -specify the COM_MULTIPORT option. - -The following example is for an AST 4-port serial card on irq 7: - - options "COM_MULTIPORT" - device sio4 at isa? port 0x2a0 tty flags 0x781 - device sio5 at isa? port 0x2a8 tty flags 0x781 - device sio6 at isa? port 0x2b0 tty flags 0x781 - device sio7 at isa? port 0x2b8 tty flags 0x781 irq 7 vector siointr - -The flags indicate that the master port has minor number 7 (0x700), -diagnostics enabled during probe (0x080), and all the ports share an -irq (0x001). - -9.4: I have two multiport serial cards that can share irqs. Can - FreeBSD handle this? - -Not yet. You'll have to use a different irq for each card. - -9.5: What's the difference between tty01, ttyi01, and ttyl01? Or, - how can I set the default serial parameters for a port? - -The ttyXX (or cuaaX or ttydX) device is the regular device you'll want -to open for your applications. When a process opens the device, it'll -have a default set of terminal I/O settings. You can see these -settings with the command - - stty -a -f /dev/tty01 - -When you change the settings to this device, the settings are in -effect until the device is closed. When it's reopened, it goes back -to the default set. To make changes to the default set, you can open -and adjust the settings of the ``initial state'' device. For example, -to turn on CLOCAL mode, 8 bits, and XON/XOFF flow control by default -for tty05, do: - - stty -f /dev/ttyi05 clocal cs8 ixon ixoff - -A good place to do this is in /etc/rc.serial. Now, an application -will have these settings by default when it opens tty05. It can still -change these settings to its liking, though. - -You can also prevent certain settings from being changed by an -application by making adjustments to the ``lock state'' device. For -example, to lock the speed of tty05 to 57600 bps, do - - stty -f /dev/ttyl05 57600 - -Now, an application that opens tty05 and tries to change the speed of -the port will be stuck with 57600 bps. - -Naturally, you should make the initial state and lock state devices -writable only by root. The MAKEDEV script does NOT do this when it -creates the device entries. - -9.6: How can I enable dialup logins on my modem? - -So you want to become an Internet service provider, eh? First, you'll -need one or more modems that can autoanswer. Your modem will need to -assert carrier-detect when it detects a carrier and not assert it all -the time. It will need to hang up the phone and reset itself when the -data terminal ready (DTR) line goes from on to off. It should -probably use RTS/CTS flow control or no local flow control at all. -Finally, it must use a constant speed between the computer and itself, -but (to be nice to your callers) it should negotiate a speed between -itself and the remote modem. - -For many Hayes command-set--compatible modems, this command will -make these settings and store them in nonvolatile memory: - - AT &C1 &D3 &K3 &Q6 S0=1 &W - -See 9.10 below for information on how to make these settings without -resorting to an MS-DOS terminal program. - -Next, make an entry in /etc/ttys for the modem. This file lists all -the ports on which the operating system will await logins. Add a line -that looks something like this: - - ttyd1 "/usr/libexec/getty std.57600" dialup on insecure - -This line indicates that the second serial port (/dev/ttyd1) has a -modem connected running at 57600 bps and no parity (std.57600, which -comes from the file /etc/gettytab). The terminal type for this port -is ``dialup.'' The port is ``on'' and is ``insecure''---meaning root -logins on the port aren't allowed. For dialin ports like this one, -use the ttydX entry. - -It's common practice to use ``dialup'' as the terminal type. Many -users set up in their .profile or .login files a prompt for the actual -terminal type if the starting type is dialup. The example shows the -port as insecure. To become root on this port, you have to login as a -regular user, then ``su'' to root. If you use ``secure'' then root -can login in directly. - -After making modifications to /etc/ttys, you need to send a hangup or -HUP signal to the init process: - - kill -1 1 - -This forces the init process to reread /etc/ttys. The init process -will then start getty processes on all ``on'' ports. You can find out -if logins are available for your port by typing - - ps -ax | grep '[t]tyd1' - -You should see something like: - - 747 ?? I 0:00.04 /usr/libexec/getty std.57600 ttyd1 - -9.7: How can I make my spare computer a dumb terminal connected to my - FreeBSD box? - -If you're using another computer as a terminal into your FreeBSD -system, get a null modem cable to go between the two serial ports. If -you're using an actual terminal, see its accompanying instructions. - -Then, modify /etc/ttys, like above. For example, if you're hooking up -a WYSE-50 terminal to the fifth serial port, use an entry like this: - - tty04 "/usr/libexec/getty std.38400" wyse50 on secure - -This example shows that the port on /dev/tty04 has a wyse50 terminal -connected at 38400 bps with no parity (std.38400 from /etc/gettytab) -and root logins are allowed (secure). For directly-connected -terminals, use the ttyXX entry. - -9.8: Why can't I run tip or cu? - -On your system, the programs tip and cu are probably executable only -by uucp and group dialer. You can use the group dialer to control who -has access to your modem or remote systems. Just add yourself to -group dialer. - -Alternatively, you can let everyone on your system run tip and cu by -typing: - - chmod 4511 /usr/bin/tip - -You don't have to run this command for cu, since cu is just a hard -link to tip. - -9.9: My stock Hayes modem isn't supported---what should I do? - -Actually, the man page for tip is out of date. There is a generic -Hayes dialer already built in. Just use ``at=hayes'' in your -/etc/remote file. - -The Hayes driver isn't smart enough to recognize some of the advanced -features of newer modems---messages like BUSY, NO DIALTONE, or CONNECT -115200 will just confuse it. You should turn those messages off when -you use tip (using ATX0&W). - -Also, the dial timeout for tip is 60 seconds. Your modem should use -something less, or else tip will think there's a communication -problem. Try ATS7=45&W. - -9.10: How am I expected to enter these AT commands without - resorting to some DOS-based terminal program? - -Make what's called a ``direct'' entry in your /etc/remote file. For -example, if your modem's hooked up to the first serial port, -/dev/cuaa0, then put in the following line: - - cuaa0:dv=/dev/cuaa0:br#19200:pa=none - -Use the highest bps rate your modem supports in the br capability. -Then, type ``tip cuaa0'' and you'll be connected to your modem. - -If there is no /dev/cuaa0 on your system, do this: - - cd /dev - MAKEDEV cuaa0 - -9.11: Why doesn't the @ sign for the phone number capability work? - -The @ sign in the pn capability tells tip to look in /etc/phones for a -phone number. But the @ sign is also a special character in -capability files like /etc/remote. Escape it with a backslash: -``pn=\@''. - -9.12: How can I dial a phone number on the command line? - -Put what's called a ``generic'' entry in your /etc/remote file. For -example: - - tip115200|Dial any phone number at 115200 bps:\ - :dv=/dev/cuaa0:br#115200:at=hayes:pa=none:du: - tip57600|Dial any phone number at 57600 bps:\ - :dv=/dev/cuaa0:br#57600:at=hayes:pa=none:du: - -Then you can things like ``tip -115200 5551234''. If you prefer cu -over tip, use a generic cu entry: - - cu115200|Use cu to dial any number at 115200bps:\ - :dv=/dev/cuaa1:br#57600:at=hayes:pa=none:du: - -and type ``cu 5551234 -s 115200''. - -9.13: Great---but how can I do that without having to specify the bps - rate on the command line? - -Put in an entry for tip1200 or cu1200, but go ahead and use whatever -bps rate is appropriate with the br capability. tip thinks a good -default is 1200 bps which is why it looks for a ``tip1200'' entry. -You don't have to use 1200 bps, though. - -9.14: I want separate entries for various hosts I access through a - terminal server, but I don't want to type ``CONNECT <host>'' - each time once I'm connected. Can tip do that for me? - -Yes. Use the cm capability. For example, these entries in -/etc/remote: - - pain|pain.deep13.com|Forrester's machine:\ - :cm=CONNECT pain\n:tc=deep13: - muffin|muffin.deep13.com|Frank's machine:\ - :cm=CONNECT muffin\n:tc=deep13: - deep13:Gizmonics Institute terminal server:\ - :dv=/dev/cuaa2:br#38400:at=hayes:du:pa=none:pn=5551234: - -will let you type ``tip pain'' or ``tip muffin'' to connect to the -hosts pain or muffin; and ``tip deep13'' to get to the terminal -server. - -9.15: My university has 42 billion students but only 4 modem lines. - Can tip automatically try each line? - -Sure. Make an entry for your university in /etc/remote and use \@ for -the pn capability: - - big-university:\ - :pn=\@:tc=dialout - dialout:\ - :dv=/dev/cuaa3:br#9600:at=courier:du:pa=none: - -Then, list the phone numbers for the university in /etc/phones: - - big-university 5551111 - big-university 5551112 - big-university 5551113 - big-university 5551114 - -tip will try each one in the listed order, then give up. If you want -to keep retrying, run tip in a while loop. - -9.16: How come I have to hit CTRL+P twice to send CTRL+P once? - -CTRL+P is the default ``force'' character, used to tell tip that the -next character is literal data. You can set the force character to -any other character with the ~s escape, which means ``set a -variable.'' - -Type ``~sforce=<single-char>'' followed by a newline. <single-char> -is any single character. If you leave out <single-char>, then the -force character is the nul character, which you can get by typing -CTRL+2 or CTRL+SPACE. A pretty good value for <single-char> is -SHIFT+CTRL+6, which I've seen only used on some terminal servers. - -You can have the force character be whatever you want by specifying -the following in your $HOME/.tiprc file: - - force=<single-char> - -9.17: Suddenly everything I type is all UPPER CASE. What gives? - -You must've pressed CTRL+A, tip's ``raise character,'' specially -designed for people with broken caps-lock keys. Use ~s as above and -set the variable ``raisechar'' to something reasonable. In fact, you -can set it to the same as the force character, if you never expect to -use either of these features. - -Here's a sample .tiprc file perfect for Emacs users who need to type -CTRL+2 and CTRL+A a lot: - - force=^^ - raisechar=^^ - -The ^^ is SHIFT+CTRL+6. - -9.18: How can I do file transfers with tip? - -If you're talking to another UNIX system, you can send and receive -files with ~p (put) and ~t (take). These commands run ``cat'' and -``echo'' on the remote system to accept and send files. The syntax -is: - - ~p <local-file> [<remote-file>] - ~t <remote-file> [<local-file>] - -There's no error checking, so you probably should use another -protocol, like zmodem. - -9.19: Okay, how can I run zmodem with tip? - -To receive files, start the sending program on the remote end. Then, -type ``~C rz'' to begin receiving them locally. - -To send files, start the receiving program on the remote end. Then, -type ``~C sz <files>'' to send them to the remote system. - - - -NOTE: Anyone wishing to submit a FAQ entry on how to get tip and cu working - would have it much appreciated! We all use Kermit over here! :-) - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -If you see a problem with this FAQ, or wish to submit an entry, please -mail us at <FreeBSD-FAQ@FreeBSD.ORG>. We appreciate your -feedback, and cannot make this a better FAQ without your help! - - - FreeBSD Core Team - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ - -ACKNOWLEDGMENTS: - -Ollivier Robert - FreeBSD FAQ maintenance man -Gary Clark II - Ex-FreeBSD FAQ maintenance man -Jordan Hubbard - Janitorial services (I don't do windows) -Garrett Wollman - Networking and formatting -Robert Oliver, Jr. - Ideas and dumb questions (That made me think) -Jim Lowe - Multicast information -The FreeBSD Team - Kvetching, moaning, submitting data - -And to any others we've forgotten, apologies and heartfelt thanks! - diff --git a/share/FAQ/HW.TROUBLE b/share/FAQ/HW.TROUBLE deleted file mode 100644 index ced53f4..0000000 --- a/share/FAQ/HW.TROUBLE +++ /dev/null @@ -1,58 +0,0 @@ -$Id: HW.TROUBLE,v 1.2 1995/02/22 03:49:46 phk Exp $ - -This file lists hardware, which doesn't do what it should do. - -Due to the nature of FreeBSD, we do not have the resources to test all -possible kinds of hardware. We do however every now and then find, buy -or hear about hardware which doesn't work with FreeBSD or in general. - -This is that list. - -To be added to this list, a piece of hardware has to: - A: not do what it claims. -or - B: not do what common sense would expect it to. - -Only if performance claims are wildly of the mark will it be listed here. - -All entries must have a date and a mail-address associated with them, to -reflect when and by whom they were added. -For multifunctional devices, please indicate if other parts of the device -work OK, or are untested. -For mutual incompabilities, list both devices. -For SCSI and IDE-devices, list the string seen on boot of FreeBSD, if -possible, and trade name. -Infer format from other entries, Keep sorted by first line. - -Thankyou. - ---- -Controller, Data Technology DTC2280, "PC/AT Super I/O Card" -IDE interface can be set to secondary address, but doesn't work there. Suspect -Interrupt isn't moved along. Works fine on primary address. Other parts of -card not tested. -19940828 phk@freefall.cdrom.com ---- -IDE-disk, <WDC AC2540H>, "Western Digital Caviar 2540" -IDE-disk, <Maxtor 7345 AT>, "Maxtor 7345" -Cannot coexist on the same IDE-controller. -Jumpers not exhaustively experimented with, as neither of the companies -make sufficient information available. Disk works fine when alone on -IDE-controller. -19940828 phk@freefall.cdrom.com ---- -IDE-disk, <AC31000> "Western Digital Caviar 31000" -IDE-disk, <ST3550A> "Seagate ST3550A" -Western Digital AC31000 (Caviar 31000) 1080 meg IDE drive will not -co-exist with a Seagate ST3550A. -The Seagate as master causes a constant drive light and system lockup, -The WD will work fine alone or as master, but the Seagate is inaccessable -if configured as slave in this config. -19950221 jbryant@server.iadfw.net - -On Packard Bell computers with a BIOS Reference ID of less than 25, Packard -Bell will replace the BIOS at no charge. I waited, I got the bios, popped -the case, popped the chip, put in the new, and plugged in the drives. It -works. WD as master, seagate as slave. -19950228 jbryant@server.iadfw.net ---- diff --git a/share/FAQ/MIRROR.SITES b/share/FAQ/MIRROR.SITES deleted file mode 100644 index 15b9b53..0000000 --- a/share/FAQ/MIRROR.SITES +++ /dev/null @@ -1,107 +0,0 @@ - Mirror Sites - For FreeBSD 2.0 and later - -$Id: MIRROR.SITES,v 1.24 1995/02/15 07:07:18 jkh Exp $ - -The latest versions of FreeBSD (2.0 or later) are being mirrored at the -following locations: - -Country Site and Maintainer -======= ========================================================= -Australia ftp://ftp.physics.usyd.edu.au/FreeBSD - <dawes@xfree86.org> - -Finland ftp://nic.funet.fi/pub/unix/FreeBSD - <ftp@nic.funet.fi> - -France ftp://ftp.ibp.fr/pub/FreeBSD - <Remy.Card@ibp.fr> - -Germany ftp://ftp.fb9dv.uni-duisburg.de/pub/unix/FreeBSD - <ftp@ftp.fb9dv.uni-duisburg.de> - -Hong Kong ftp://ftp.hk.super.net/pub/FreeBSD - <ftp-admin@HK.Super.NET> - -Korea ftp://ftp.cau.ac.kr/pub/FreeBSD - <ftpadm@ftp.cau.ac.kr> - -Netherlands ftp://ftp.nl.net/pub/os/FreeBSD - <archive@nl.net> - -Russia ftp://ftp.kiae.su/FreeBSD - <ftp@ftp.kiae.su> - -Sweden ftp://ftp.luth.se/pub/FreeBSD - <ragge@ludd.luth.se> - -Taiwan ftp://netbsd.csie.nctu.edu.tw/pub/FreeBSD - <ftp@netbsd.csie.nctu.edu.tw> - -Thailand ftp://ftp.nectec.or.th/pub/FreeBSD - <ftpadmin@ftp.nectec.or.th> - -USA ftp://gatekeeper.dec.com/pub/BSD/FreeBSD - <hubbard@gatekeeper.dec.com> - -USA ftp://ftp.cybernetics.net/pub/FreeBSD - <michael@Cybernetics.NET> - -USA ftp://ftp.neosoft.com/systems/FreeBSD - <smace@NeoSoft.COM> - -USA ftp://kryten.atinc.com/pub/FreeBSD - <jmb@kryten.atinc.com> - -USA ftp://ftp.dataplex.net/pub/FreeBSD - <rkw@dataplex.net> - -Japan ftp://tutserver.tutcc.tut.ac.jp/FreeBSD - Ashida Hiroyuki <assie@bpel.tutics.tut.ac.jp> - -Japan ftp://ftp.sra.co.jp/pub/os/FreeBSD - <ftp-admin@sra.co.jp> - -Japan ftp://ftp.ee.uec.ac.jp/pub/os/FreeBSD.other - <ftp-admin@ftp.ee.uec.ac.jp> - -Japan ftp://ftp.mei.co.jp/free/PC-UNIX/FreeBSD - TANIGUCHI Syuuhei <tanig@isl.mei.co.jp> - -Japan ftp://ftp.waseda.ac.jp/pub/FreeBSD - <ftp-admin@waseda.ac.jp> - -Japan ftp://ftp.pu-toyama.ac.jp/pub/FreeBSD - Yoshihiko USUI <usui@pu-toyama.ac.jp> - -Japan ftp://ftpsv1.u-aizu.ac.jp/pub/os/FreeBSD - <ftp-admin@u-aizu.ac.jp> - -UK ftp://src.doc.ic.ac.uk/packages/unix/FreeBSD - <wizards@doc.ic.ac.uk> - -UK ftp://unix.hensa.ac.uk/pub/walnut.creek/FreeBSD - <archive-admin@unix.hensa.ac.uk> - -UK ftp://ftp.demon.co.uk/pub/BSD/FreeBSD - <uploads@demon.net> - ---- - -The latest versions of export-restricted code for FreeBSD (2.0C or later) -(eBones and secure) are being made available at the following locations. - -If you are outside the U.S. or Canada, please get secure (DES) and -eBones (Kerberos) from one of the following foreign distribution sites: - -Country Site and Maintainer -======= ======================================================== -South Africa ftp://skeleton.mikom.csir.co.za/pub/FreeBSD - Mark Murray <mark@grondar.za> - -South Africa ftp://storm.sea.uct.ac.za/pub/FreeBSD - Shaun Courtney <ftp@storm.sea.uct.ac.za> - -Brazil ftp://ftp.iqm.unicamp.br/pub/FreeBSD - Pedro A M Vazquez <vazquez@iqm.unicamp.br> - diff --git a/share/FAQ/Makefile b/share/FAQ/Makefile deleted file mode 100644 index 033633b..0000000 --- a/share/FAQ/Makefile +++ /dev/null @@ -1,28 +0,0 @@ -# $Id: Makefile,v 1.1 1994/11/08 03:58:48 phk Exp $ -# -# Doing a make install builds /usr/share/examples - -DDIR= ${DESTDIR}/usr/share/FAQ -NOOBJ= noobj - -# Define SHARED to indicate whether you want symbolic links to the system -# source (``symlinks''), or a separate copy (``copies''); (latter useful -# in environments where it's not possible to keep /sys publicly readable) -SHARED?= copies - -all clean cleandir depend lint tags: - -beforeinstall: ${SHARED} - -copies: - @${ECHO} installing ${DDIR} - rm -rf ${DDIR} - mkdir ${DDIR} - find . -print | grep -v /CVS | grep -v Makefile | cpio -dumpv ${DDIR} - -symlinks: - @${ECHO} installing symlink to ${DDIR} - rm -rf ${DDIR}; \ - ln -s ${.CURDIR} ${DDIR}; \ - -.include <bsd.prog.mk> diff --git a/share/FAQ/NEW_FOR_2_0 b/share/FAQ/NEW_FOR_2_0 deleted file mode 100644 index 331d840..0000000 --- a/share/FAQ/NEW_FOR_2_0 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,8 +0,0 @@ -; This file describes new features, conventions or newly introduced "gotchas" -; that a user coming from a 1.x environment should know about. -; -; This actual file can be a simple dumping ground for this information -; until such time as we want to fold it into the release notes, or we -; can try to tart it up around release time and simply refer to it in -; various places. I personally prefer the former option, though it's -; not a religious issue. -jkh diff --git a/share/FAQ/NFS.FAQ b/share/FAQ/NFS.FAQ deleted file mode 100644 index e6f7af8..0000000 --- a/share/FAQ/NFS.FAQ +++ /dev/null @@ -1,77 +0,0 @@ -FreeBSD and NFS [for a FAQ] - -Certain Ethernet adapters for ISA PC systems have limitations which -can lead to serious network problems, particularly with NFS. This -difficulty is not specific to FreeBSD, but FreeBSD systems are affected -by it. - -The problem nearly always occurs when (FreeBSD) PC systems are networked -with high-performance workstations, such as those made by Silicon Graphics, -Inc., and Sun Microsystems, Inc. The NFS mount will work fine, and some -operations may succeed, but suddenly the server will seem to become -unresponsive to the client, even though requests to and from other systems -continue to be processed. This happens to the client system, whether the -client is the FreeBSD system or the workstation. On many systems, there is -no way to shut down the client gracefully once this problem has manifested -itself. The only solution is often to reset the client, because the NFS -situation cannot be resolved. - -Though the "correct" solution is to get a higher performance and capacity -Ethernet adapter for the FreeBSD system, there is a simple workaround that -will allow satisfactory operation. If the FreeBSD system is the SERVER, -include the option "wsize=1024" on the mount from the client. If the -FreeBSD system is the CLIENT, then mount the NFS file system with the -option "rsize=1024". These options may be specified using the fourth -field of the fstab entry on the client for automatic mounts, or by using -the "-o" parameter of the mount command for manual mounts. - -In the following examples, "fastws" is the host (interface) name of a -high-performance workstation, and "freebox" is the host (interface) name of -a FreeBSD system with a lower-performance Ethernet adapter. Also, -"/sharedfs" will be the exported NFS filesystem (see "man exports"), and -"/project" will be the mount point on the client for the exported file -system. In all cases, note that additional options, such as "hard" or -"soft" and "bg" may be desireable in your application. - -Examples for the FreeBSD system ("freebox") as the client: - in /etc/fstab on freebox: -fastws:/sharedfs /project nfs rw,rsize=1024 0 0 - as a manual mount command on freebox: -mount -t nfs -o rsize=1024 fastws:/sharedfs /project - -Examples for the FreeBSD system as the server: - in /etc/fstab on fastws: -freebox:/sharedfs /project nfs rw,wsize=1024 0 0 - as a manual mount command on fastws: -mount -t nfs -o wsize=1024 freebox:/sharedfs /project - -Nearly any 16-bit Ethernet adapter will allow operation without the above -restrictions on the read or write size. - -For anyone who cares, here is what happens when the failure occurs, which -also explains why it is unrecoverable. NFS typically works with a "block" -size of 8k (though it may do fragments of smaller sizes). Since the maximum -Ethernet packet is around 1500 bytes, the NFS "block" gets split into -multiple Ethernet packets, even though it is still a single unit to the -upper-level code, and must be received, assembled, and ACKNOWLEDGED as a -unit. The high-performance workstations can pump out the packets which -comprise the NFS unit one right after the other, just as close together as -the standard allows. On the smaller, lower capacity cards, the later -packets overrun the earlier packets of the same unit before they can be -transferred to the host and the unit as a whole cannot be reconstructed or -acknowledged. As a result, the workstation will time out and try again, -but it will try again with the entire 8K unit, and the process will be -repeated, ad infinitum. - -By keeping the unit size below the Ethernet packet size limitation, we -ensure that any complete Ethernet packet received can be acknowledged -individually, avoiding the deadlock situation. - -Overruns may still occur when a high-performance workstations is slamming -data out to a PC system, but with the better cards, such overruns are -not guarranteed on NFS "units". When an overrun occurs, the units affected -will be retransmitted, and there will be a fair chance that they will be -received, assembled, and acknowledged. --- - John Lind, Starfire Consulting Services -E-mail: john@starfire.MN.ORG USnail: PO Box 17247, Mpls MN 55417 diff --git a/share/FAQ/PORTS.FAQ b/share/FAQ/PORTS.FAQ deleted file mode 100644 index 2e04fd0..0000000 --- a/share/FAQ/PORTS.FAQ +++ /dev/null @@ -1,211 +0,0 @@ - The FreeBSD Ports FAQ file - -Revision: $Id: PORTS.FAQ,v 1.1 1995/01/04 00:43:35 jkh Exp $ - -The ports system is kinda new, so there haven't been too many FAQ's to -date, but hopefully this document will pre-empt (some|most) of them!! -The ports system is constantly changing, but hopefully this document -will be kept reasonably up to date (and you never know, it might even -make sense!). - - - Gary Palmer - & jkh - -1) What is a port? - - Unfortunately, there are more variations of UN*X than most people -know of, and hence not all software for UN*X available on the Internet -will work on all versions of UN*X (in fact, I can guarantee it!). -Hence, some software needs modifications to work under some UN*Xs. The -process of making those modifications is known as ``porting'' and the -result known as a ``port'' (not to be confused with the sockets on the -back of your computer!). - - -2) What is the FreeBSD Ports Collection? - - People who (allegedly) know what they are doing have automated the -process of ``porting'' software to FreeBSD, and the result is the -Ports Collection. The general idea is that a combination of various -programming tools available in the base FreeBSD installation will -allow you to fetch the port from a FreeBSD mirror site, type ``make'' -and get the fully working program. - - The ports collection itself normally doesn't have any of the -original source code necessary for the compilation in the tree, just -those shell scripts, Makefiles and source code ``diffs'' that are -necessary to compile the program under FreeBSD. This is meant to keep -the entire system down to a manageable size, and the current system -has over 100 ports in the master source tree, and yet a compressed tar -file of that tree is about 2 megabytes (all the source code needed is -over 100Mb's!). - - -3) How does the system compile with no source code? - - A ports' Makefile automatically looks in a central location on -your system (usually /usr/ports/distfiles, though this value can be -customized) for the associated set of original distribution files that -have been ``ported''. These are generally provided at various places -on the Internet, though if you have a CDROM distribution of FreeBSD -then you've already got them available on your CD for ease of use. -See section 3.1 if you have such a CD distribution, otherwise skip to -section 3.2. - -3.1 Compiling ports from CD - - Type something profound here. - -3.2 Compiling ports using an Internet connection - - The ports collection can also use an auto-fetch system to keep -your ports collection source tree up to date, updating the central -``distfiles'' version for you the next time you compile the port. - - Of course, this always assumes you have a permanent network link, -or don't mind heavy usage of your telephone. If you don't want heavy -network usage when you compile your ports tree, you can pre-fetch the -necessary tarballs beforehand and put them into /usr/ports/distfiles -(or wherever DISTDIR points) by hand. A good way to see what files a -port is going to need is to cd to that port's directory and do a -``make -n fetch'' to see what it does. - - You can also chose to get the source files either from the master -FTP site as defined in the relevant Makefile (in the MASTER_SITES -line), or some FreeBSD mirror site also carrying a set of distfiles, -as does the master FTP site on ftp.FreeBSD.org (aka ftp.cdrom.com) in -the directory /pub/FreeBSD/ports/distfiles. Note that the files in -that directory are not guarenteed to be kept up to date - this is a -volunteer project! We can't make any guarantees about the mirror -sites either - they are obviously under independant control and don't -even have to mirror the distfiles directory. - - If you have a non-permanant link, you can fetch all the distfiles by -going to the top of the tree and typing ``make fetch''. - - -4) It doesn't work?! - -Oh. You can do one of four (4) things : - -a) Fix it yourself. Technical details can be found in the GUIDELINES file, - available from URL ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/GUIDELINES - -b) Gripe. This is done by e-mail *ONLY*! The people at Walnut Creek are - in no way responsible for the functionality (or lack thereof) of the - FreeBSD system as a whole, and especially the ports system, which - is mainly contributed by 3rd parties. (If you don't believe me, check - the catalogue, especially the line saying "We cannot offer tech-support - on this product") - - The e-mail address is Ports@FreeBSD.org. Please include details of - the port, where you got both the port source & distfile(s) from, and - what the error was. - - Note: At time of writing, lang/Sather doesn't seem to work on Pentium - machines due to the Intel Curse (aka the Floating Point Division Bug). - Please don't tell us about this - gripe to Intel instead - it's their - bug! - -c) Forget it. This is the easiest for most - very few of the programs in - ports can be classed as `essential'! - -d) Grab the pre-compiled package from a ftp server. The ``master'' package - collection is in: - ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/packages/ - - though check your local mirror first, please! - - These are more likely to work (on the whole) than trying to compile from - source, and a lot faster! - - -5) I've ported a program and I want to make a port out of it. What now? - - See the file GUIDELINES, in: - ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/GUIDELINES - - This contains details of the procedure and structure involved. - - -6) I've got a good port, what now? - - Upload the fixed version to freefall.cdrom.com /pub/incoming or -ftp.FreeBSD.org /pub/FreeBSD/incoming and send e-mail to -ports@FreeBSD.org with the filename and details. Someone on the -all-volunteer `ports committee' will (hopefully) look it over and -commit it to the ports collection if they like the looks of it. - - -7) Things go funny during the fetch stage of compilation! - - We know. Please don't blame us. There is a program called `ncftp' -which is used instead of the normal ftp as it can do so-called -``background'' or ``batch'' transfers, ideal for this situation. -Unfortunately it can do strange things, and has crashed at least one -machine (during circumstances stranger than most, I'll admit, but it -was still responsible). Hopefully a future release of ncftp will fix -these problems (it is not maintained by the main FreeBSD team, but a -third party, who is I believe aware of its shortcomings) - - -8) I want to leave the compile going overnight, but some ports don't - like this. - - There is a way around this. Before starting the compilation, type: - setenv BATCH yes # (if you use csh/tcsh) or - BATCH=yes # (for sh/bash) - - This should miss out ports which need user interaction. Unfortunately, -ncftp doesn't know about this trick, and can often screw up and ask -stupid questions in unattended batch mode. See (7). - - To compile those ports left out by doing the above, using a -different login shell (or unsetting the above BATCH variable), set the -INTERACTIVE variable instead (you can use the same statements as above -except replace ``BATCH'' with ``INTERACTIVE'') and re-run make. This -should now compile only those ports which will definitely ask for user -interaction. - - -9) The ports collection is weak. What can I do to help? - - First read the bsd.port.mk file (which may be found in -/usr/share/mk/) and the associated bsd.port.subdir.mk file. A lot of -the weirdness can be explained properly in there (most of the current -weirdness is due to the lack of assumptions about anything, which is -necessary due to the generic nature of these files). Also check that -you have an up-to-date copy, as the file can change from minute to -minute. A reasonably up-to-date copy can be found in: - - ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/FreeBSD-current/src/share/mk/bsd.port* - - If you find that you still need to go in there and alter things, -by all means do so, and then send the diffs to ports@FreeBSD.org if -you'd like them to be a part of the default distribution. Please also -remember that any changes must respect backwards-compatability with -any and all older Makefiles, unless you want a real nightmare of -/usr/ports munging ahead of you! Large scale changes will generally -not be warmly welcomed unless all the existing makefiles work without -alteration. Sorry! - - -10) This FAQ is weak. What can I do? - - Send changes to ports@FreeBSD.org. Changes are most welcome! -This FAQ is also very green and should be considered no more than -a `good start' for now. Authors? You can come out of hiding any -time now! :-) - - -11) How do I get more information on all the ports? - - One good method is to cd to the top of the ports tree (say /usr/ports) -and type something like: - - make describe | sed -e '/===/D' -e 's;/usr/ports/;;' | expand -40 - -The ``make describe'' will try to extract the one-line description from -each port, and the ``sed'' will delete the extraneous output. ``expand'' -just makes it a little more readable (sort of - you may want to season -the output of this more to taste). diff --git a/share/FAQ/PPP.doc b/share/FAQ/PPP.doc deleted file mode 100755 index 26133eb..0000000 --- a/share/FAQ/PPP.doc +++ /dev/null @@ -1,368 +0,0 @@ - - Info about setting up pppd daemon on FreeBSD-2.0 - -Before you start setting up PPP on your machine make -sure that pppd is located in /usr/sbin and directory /etc/ppp -exists. - -pppd can work in two modes: - -i) as a "client" , i.e. you want to connect your machine to outside -world via PPP serial connection or modem line. - -ii) as a "server" , i.e. your machine is located on the network and -used to connect other computers using PPP. - -In both cases you will need to set up an options file ( /etc/ppp/options -or ~/.ppprc if you have more then one user on your machine that uses -PPP ). - -You also will need some modem/serial software ( preferably kermit ) -so you can dial and establish connection with remote host. - -1) Working as a PPP client - -I used the following options to connect to CISCO terminal server PPP -line. - -----/etc/ppp/options------- -crtscts # enable hardware flow control -modem # modem control line -noipdefault # remote PPP server must supply your IP address. - # if the remote host doesn't send your IP during IPCP - # negotiation , remove this option -passive # wait for LCP packets -domain ppp.foo.com # put your domain name here - -:<remote_ip> # put the IP of remote PPP host here - # it will be used to route packets via PPP link - # if you didn't specified the noipdefault option - # change this line to <local_ip>:<remote_ip> - -defaultroute # put this if you want that PPP server will be your - # default router -------------------------- - -To connect: -i) Dial to the remote host using kermit ( or other modem program ) -enter your user name and password ( or whatever is needed to enable PPP -ont the remote host ) - -ii) Exit kermit. ( without hanging up the line ) - -iii) enter: -/usr/src/usr.sbin/pppd.new/pppd /dev/tty01 19200 -( put the appropriate speed and device name ) - -Now your computer is connected with PPP. If the connection fails for some -reasons you can add the "debug" option to the /etc/ppp/options file -and check messages on the console to track the problem - -Following script will make all 3 stages automatically: ------/etc/ppp/pppup-------- -#!/bin/sh -ps ax |grep pppd |grep -v grep -pid=`ps ax |grep pppd |grep -v grep|awk '{print $1;}'` -if [ "X${pid}" != "X" ] ; then - echo 'killing pppd, PID=' ${pid} - kill ${pid} -fi -ps ax |grep kermit |grep -v grep -pid=`ps ax |grep kermit |grep -v grep|awk '{print $1;}'` -if [ "X${pid}" != "X" ] ; then - echo 'killing kermit, PID=' ${pid} - kill -9 ${pid} -fi - -ifconfig ppp0 down -ifconfig ppp0 delete - -kermit -y /etc/ppp/kermit.dial -pppd /dev/tty01 19200 ------------------------------ - -/etc/ppp/kermit.dial is kermit script that dials and makes all -necessary authorization on the remote host. -( Example of such script is attached to the end of this document ) - -Use the follwing script to disconnect the PPP line: ------/etc/ppp/pppdown-------- -#!/bin/sh -pid=`ps ax |grep pppd |grep -v grep|awk '{print $1;}'` -if [ X${pid} != "X" ] ; then - echo 'killing pppd, PID=' ${pid} - kill -TERM ${pid} -fi - -ps ax |grep kermit |grep -v grep -pid=`ps ax |grep kermit |grep -v grep|awk '{print $1;}'` -if [ "X${pid}" != "X" ] ; then - echo 'killing kermit, PID=' ${pid} - kill -9 ${pid} -fi - -/sbin/ifconfig ppp0 down -/sbin/ifconfig ppp0 delete -kermit -y /etc/ppp/kermit.hup -/etc/ppp/ppptest ------------------------------- - -Check if PPP is still running: - ------/etc/ppp/ppptest--------- -#!/bin/sh -pid=`ps ax| grep pppd |grep -v grep|awk '{print $1;}'` -if [ X${pid} != "X" ] ; then - echo 'pppd running: PID=' ${pid-NONE} -else - echo 'No pppd running.' -fi -set -x -netstat -n -I ppp0 -ifconfig ppp0 ------------------------------ - -Hangs up modem line: - ------/etc/ppp/kermit.hup----- -set line /dev/tty01 ; put your modem device here -set speed 19200 -set file type binary -set file names literal -set win 8 -set rec pack 1024 -set send pack 1024 -set block 3 -set term bytesize 8 -set command bytesize 8 -set flow none - -pau 1 -out +++ -inp 5 OK -out ATH0\13 -echo \13 -exit ----------------------------- - -2) Working as a PPP server - -------/etc/ppp/options------ -crtscts # Hardware flow control -netmask 255.255.255.0 # netmask ( not required ) -192.114.208.20:192.114.208.165 # ip's of local and remote hosts - # local ip must be different from one - # you assigned to the ethernet ( or other ) - # interface on your machine. - # remote IP is ip address that will be - # assigned to the remote machine -domain ppp.foo.com # your domain -passive # wait for LCP -modem # modem line ----------------------------- - -Following script will enable ppp server on your machine - ------/etc/ppp/pppserv------- -#!/bin/sh -ps ax |grep pppd |grep -v grep -pid=`ps ax |grep pppd |grep -v grep|awk '{print $1;}'` -if [ "X${pid}" != "X" ] ; then - echo 'killing pppd, PID=' ${pid} - kill ${pid} -fi -ps ax |grep kermit |grep -v grep -pid=`ps ax |grep kermit |grep -v grep|awk '{print $1;}'` -if [ "X${pid}" != "X" ] ; then - echo 'killing kermit, PID=' ${pid} - kill -9 ${pid} -fi - -# reset ppp interface -ifconfig ppp0 down -ifconfig ppp0 delete - -# enable autoanswer mode -kermit -y /etc/ppp/kermit.ans - -# run ppp -pppd /dev/tty01 19200 ----------------------------- - -Use this script to stop ppp server: - ------/etc/ppp/pppservdown--- -#!/bin/sh -ps ax |grep pppd |grep -v grep -pid=`ps ax |grep pppd |grep -v grep|awk '{print $1;}'` -if [ "X${pid}" != "X" ] ; then - echo 'killing pppd, PID=' ${pid} - kill ${pid} -fi -ps ax |grep kermit |grep -v grep -pid=`ps ax |grep kermit |grep -v grep|awk '{print $1;}'` -if [ "X${pid}" != "X" ] ; then - echo 'killing kermit, PID=' ${pid} - kill -9 ${pid} -fi -ifconfig ppp0 down -ifconfig ppp0 delete - -kermit -y /etc/ppp/kermit.noans ----------------------------- - -Following kermit script will enable/disable autoanswer mode -on your modem: - ------/etc/ppp/kermit.ans---- -set line /dev/tty01 -set speed 19200 -set file type binary -set file names literal -set win 8 -set rec pack 1024 -set send pack 1024 -set block 3 -set term bytesize 8 -set command bytesize 8 -set flow none - -pau 1 -out +++ -inp 5 OK -out ATH0\13 -inp 5 OK -echo \13 -out ATS0=1\13 ; change this to out ATS0=0\13 if you want to disable - ; autoanswer mod -inp 5 OK -echo \13 -exit ------------------------------ - -This script is used for dialing and authorizing on remote host. -You will need to customize it for your needs. -Put your login and password in this script , also you'll need -to change input statement depending on responces from your modem -and remote host. - ------/etc/ppp/kermit.dial---- - -; -; put the com line attached to the modem here: -; -set line /dev/tty01 -; -; put the modem speed here: -; -set speed 19200 -set file type binary ; full 8 bit file xfer -set file names literal -set win 8 -set rec pack 1024 -set send pack 1024 -set block 3 -set term bytesize 8 -set command bytesize 8 -set flow none -set modem hayes -set dial hangup off -set carrier auto ; Then SET CARRIER if necessary, -set dial display on ; Then SET DIAL if necessary, -set input echo on -set input timeout proceed -set input case ignore -def \%x 0 ; login prompt counter -goto slhup - -:slcmd ; put the modem in command mode -echo Put the modem in command mode. -clear ; Clear unread characters from input buffer -pause 1 -output +++ ; hayes escape sequence -input 1 OK\13\10 ; wait for OK -if success goto slhup -output \13 -pause 1 -output at\13 -input 1 OK\13\10 -if fail goto slcmd ; if modem doesn't answer OK, try again - -:slhup ; hang up the phone -clear ; Clear unread characters from input buffer -pause 1 -echo Hanging up the phone. -output ath0\13 ; hayes command for on hook -input 2 OK\13\10 -if fail goto slcmd ; if no OK answer, put modem in command mode - -:sldial ; dial the number -pause 1 -echo Dialing. -output atdt9,550311\13\10 ; put phone number here -assign \%x 0 ; zero the time counter - -:look -clear ; Clear unread characters from input buffer -increment \%x ; Count the seconds -input 1 {CONNECT } -if success goto sllogin -reinput 1 {NO CARRIER\13\10} -if success goto sldial -reinput 1 {NO DIALTONE\13\10} -if success goto slnodial -reinput 1 {\255} -if success goto slhup -reinput 1 {\127} -if success goto slhup -if < \%x 60 goto look -else goto slhup - -:sllogin ; login -assign \%x 0 ; zero the time counter -pause 1 -echo Looking for login prompt. - -:slloop -increment \%x ; Count the seconds -clear ; Clear unread characters from input buffer -output \13 -; -; put your expected login prompt here: -; -input 1 {Username: } -if success goto sluid -reinput 1 {\255} -if success goto slhup -reinput 1 {\127} -if success goto slhup -if < \%x 10 goto slloop ; try 10 times to get a login prompt -else goto slhup ; hang up and start again if 10 failures - -:sluid -; -; put your userid here: -; -output ppp-login\13 -input 1 {Password: } -; -; put your password here: -; -output ppp-password\13 -input 1 {Entering SLIP mode.} -echo -quit - -:slnodial -echo \7No dialtone. Check the telephone line!\7 -exit 1 - -; local variables: -; mode: csh -; comment-start: "; " -; comment-start-skip: "; " -; end: ------------------------- - -################################################################### -Gennady B. Sorokopud ( gena@NetVision.net.il ) 24/10/94 12:00 diff --git a/share/FAQ/README b/share/FAQ/README deleted file mode 100644 index bf326c0..0000000 --- a/share/FAQ/README +++ /dev/null @@ -1,55 +0,0 @@ -This directory contains frequently asked questions, short user guides, -tutorials and other miscellaneous information that may be of help -to the beginning (or even advanced) FreeBSD user. Any submissions -to this directory should be sent to: - - FreeBSD-FAQ@FreeBSD.ORG - -For inclusion with the next release. Your contributions are not only -welcome, but often save new users from uncountable headaches! If you've -written something you think may help new users, please - by all means -send it to us! - -Thanks! - - The FreeBSD Project - ----- -ROADMAP: - -File Description -=============================================================================== -FreeBSD.FAQ The overall FreeBSD FAQ - posted regularly to - USENET. - -FreeBSD-1.1.FAQ FreeBSD FAQ for versions 1.1.5.1 and below. - -HW.TROUBLE User feedback on finicky or broken hardware. - -MIRROR.SITES A list of all sites mirroring FreeBSD 2.x. - -NFS.FAQ Tips for users using NFS between FreeBSD - and workstation hardware. - -Systems.FAQ Systems and configurations on which FreeBSD - is "known" to work. - -Systems-1.1.FAQ Systems for 1.1.5.1 and below - -current-policy.FAQ What you should know about running - FreeBSD-current. - -kernel-debug.FAQ How to debug kernels for 1.1.5.1 and below. - -mailing-list.FAQ All about the FreeBSD mailing lists. - -ports-supfile A sample supfile for the FreeBSD ports - collection. - -slip-dialup How to configure SLIP. - -standard-supfile A sample supfile for the FreeBSD source tree. - -sup.FAQ All about sup in general. - - diff --git a/share/FAQ/README-2.0 b/share/FAQ/README-2.0 deleted file mode 100644 index c9d81f9..0000000 --- a/share/FAQ/README-2.0 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,75 +0,0 @@ -Use PageUp, PageDown or Arrow keys to navigate this screen. - - ----------------------------------------- - FreeBSD 2.0 --- RELEASE Version , , - ----------------------------------------- /( )` - \ \___ / | -Welcome to the first public release of FreeBSD 2.0 /- _ `-/ ' -first public snapshot of our new 4.4BSD Lite based (/\/ \ \ /\ -operating system environment. Our installation / / | ` \ -procedure has been completely revamped, and should O O ) / | -now be much easier for both the novice and `-^--'`< ' -experienced user alike. We've also gone to some (_.) _ ) / -care to make the process of installing the `.___/` / -subsequent bindist and other miscellaneous `-----' / -distributions considerably more seamless <----. __ / __ \ -as well as offering a greater variety <----|====O)))==) \) /==== -of installation methods and options. <----' `--' `.__,' \ - | | -We hope you'll find this new process as enjoyable \ / /\ -to use as it was to write! (No, really, it ______( (_ / \______/ -was! :-) ,' ,-----' | - `--{__________) -Disclaimer: Please note that despite numerous -safeguards, it's still more than possible to WIPE OUT YOUR ENTIRE DISK -with this installation! Please do not proceed unless you've -adequately backed up any important data first! We really mean it! - -If any errors occur during this installation, you can see them -by toggling over to the alternate screen. Type ALT-F2 to switch -to the debugging screen and ALT-F1 to switch back to the install screen. -The debugging output on the second screen may be very valuable to us in -understanding your bug report, so please be sure to take note of it when -reporting any failures in the installation! Thanks! - -You may also wish to read the TROUBLESHOOTING document in _advance_ -and perhaps save yourself from making those sorts of errors in -the first place! :-) - -Menus and scrolling output windows may be traversed with the arrow, -PageUp/PageDown and TAB keys. To suspend the installation at any point, -hit ESC twice. If you've ever dealt with a DOS installation before, then -you'll probably know how to deal with this. - -For a more complete description of what's new in this release, please -see the release notes. - -For more documentation on this system, it is recommended that you purchase -the 4.4BSD Document Set from O'Reilly Associates and the USENIX Association. -ISBN 1-56592-082-1 We have no connection with O'Reilly, we're just -satisfied customers! - -Have fun, and please let us know of any problems you encounter with -this release! - -Comments should be sent to: - - hackers@FreeBSD.org - -Bug reports should be sent using the `send-pr' utility, if you -were able to get the system installed, otherwise to: - - bugs@FreeBSD.org - -And general questions to: - - questions@FreeBSD.org - - -Please have patience if your questions are not answered right away - -this is an especially busy time for us, and our volunteer resources -are often strained to the limit (if not somewhat past!). - -Thanks! - - The FreeBSD Project diff --git a/share/FAQ/REGISTER.FreeBSD b/share/FAQ/REGISTER.FreeBSD deleted file mode 100644 index 92ae0ae..0000000 --- a/share/FAQ/REGISTER.FreeBSD +++ /dev/null @@ -1,85 +0,0 @@ -In the absence of any other mechanism for counting the number of users -of FreeBSD, we like to kindly suggest that you take a few minutes to please -register with the counter set up by <Harald.T.Alvestrand@uninett.no>. - -The justification for such "registration" is twofold: First, we really would -like to know more about the size and demographics of our user-base in order -to better support its needs. Second, it's a sad fact of life that many -people rely on counters and statistics (even when highly dubious) rather -than on actual experience when chosing an operating system, and the best we -can hope to do in such circumstances is to at least try to provide some -indication of how popular we are (or are not). This is not how we recommend -that people go about chosing an operating system, but the necessity of -such "marketing" remains an undeniable fact. - -The FreeBSD team does not necessarily feel that Harald's counter represents -the best approach to such statistics gathering, and its accuracy can only -be as good as people's willingness to register with it (and may not reflect -the actual OS population at any single point in time), but in the total absence -of any other mechanism for providing such useful statistics, it's certainly a -start and we thank Harald for his efforts in providing this service. -It's a community service, and of potential benefit to everyone (all *BSD -users), so let's see if we can't make it work! - -Included below is the standard blurb from the counter. - -Thanks in advance, - - The FreeBSD team. - - -How to get registered -===================== - -In brief: - - [To register a running installation of FreeBSD] - Send E-mail to bsd-counter@uninett.no with the SUBJECT line - - "I use FreeBSD at <place>" - -Introduction -============ -The intention of this counting project is to count all users of UNIXes -that are: - - - BSD-derived - - Freely available - -The variants NetBSD, 386BSD and FreeBSD are currently distinguished. - -(NOTE: Linux is NOT BSD-derived. If you use that, send mail to -linux-counter@uninett.no instead!!!) - -The information is *not* used for any purpose but statistics, and unless -you request it, information about single persons are *never* made public. -(A list of users who have requested publication is available from the -FTP file ftp://aun.uninett.no/pub/misc/386bsd/persons) - -How to register -=============== -Send E-mail to bsd-counter@uninett.no - -The subject should be - - I use FreeBSD|NetBSD|386BSD at <place> - -Where FreeBSD, NetBSD or 386BSD is the particular variant you're using -and "place" can be school, work or home, or a combination of these. - -You will get back a letter with 3 things: - - - An acknowledgement - - A form that you can fill out and send in with more information - about yourself, your machine, and your 386bsd-using friends - - A report giving the current status of the counter - -You can update your "vote" at any time, by sending an E-mail message -from the same account. Duplicates will be weeded out. - -The current report, available by anonymous FTP to aun.uninett.no, -directory pub/misc/386bsd-counter, file "short", is given below. - -For all questions, contact Harald.T.Alvestrand@uninett.no! - -$Id: REGISTER.FreeBSD,v 1.1 1994/11/18 12:03:29 jkh Exp $ diff --git a/share/FAQ/RELNOTES.FreeBSD b/share/FAQ/RELNOTES.FreeBSD deleted file mode 100644 index 4d56492..0000000 --- a/share/FAQ/RELNOTES.FreeBSD +++ /dev/null @@ -1,624 +0,0 @@ - RELEASE NOTES - FreeBSD - Release 2.0 - -1. Technical overview ---------------------- - -FreeBSD is a freely available, full source 4.4 BSD Lite based release -for Intel i386/i486/Pentium (or compatible) based PC's. It is based -primarily on software from U.C. Berkeley's CSRG group, with some -enhancements from NetBSD, 386BSD, and the Free Software Foundation. - -Since our first release of FreeBSD 1.0 some 18 months ago, FreeBSD -has changed almost entirely. A new port from the Berkeley 4.4 code -base was done, which brought the legal status of the system out of the -shadows with the blessing of Novell (new owners of USL and UNIX). The -port to 4.4 has also brought in a host of new features, filesystems -and enhanced driver support. With our new unencumbered code base, we -have every reason to hope that we'll be able to release quality -operating systems without further legal encumbrance for some time to -come! - -FreeBSD 2.0 represents the culmination of almost 2 years of work and -many thousands of man hours put in by an international development team. -We hope you enjoy it! - -Many packages have also been upgraded or added, such as XFree86 3.1, -xview 3.2, elm, nntp, mh, InterViews and dozens of other miscellaneous -utilities have been ported and are now available as add-ons. See the -ports collection (or the package collection) for a complete summary. - -For a list of contributors and a general project description, please see -the file "CONTRIB.FreeBSD" which should be bundled with your binary -distribution. - -Also see the "REGISTER.FreeBSD" file for information on registering -with the "Free BSD user counter". This counter is for ALL freely -available variants of BSD, not just FreeBSD, and we urge you to register -yourself with it. - -The core of FreeBSD does not contain DES code which would inhibit its -being exported outside the United States. There is an add-on package -to the core distribution, for use only in the United States, that -contains the programs that normally use DES. The auxilliary packages -provided separately can be used by anyone. A freely (from outside the -U.S.) exportable European distribution of DES for our non U.S. users also -exists and is described in the FreeBSD FAQ. - -If password security for FreeBSD is all you need, and you have no -requirement for copying encrypted passwords from different hosts (Suns, -DEC machines, etc) into FreeBSD password entries, then FreeBSD's MD5 -based security may be all you require! We feel that our default security -model is more than a match for DES, and without any messy export issues -to deal with. If you're outside (or even inside) the U.S., give it a try! - - -1.1 What's new in 2.0? ----------------------- - -4.4 Lite --------- -As previously stated, this release is based entirely on CSRG's -latest (and last) BSD release - 4.4 Lite. This features a number -of improvements over 4.2BSD (Net/2), not least of which are: - -o Legal approval of Novell & U.C. Berkeley. After the settlement - of the longstanding lawsuit between USL/UCB/Novell/BSDI, all - parties were (strongly) encouraged to move to 4.4 Lite in order - to avoid future legal entanglements. The fact that we've now done - so should make this release much more attractive to potential - commercial users. - -o Many new filesystem types, such as stackable filesystems, union - filesystems, "portals", kernfs, a simple log-structured filesystem, a - new version of NFS (NQNFS), etc. While some of these new filesystems - are also rather unpolished and will require significant additional - work to be truly robust, they're a good start. - -o 64bit offsets, allowing filesystems of up to 2^63 bytes in size. - -o Further work towards full POSIX compliance. - -IP multicast support --------------------- -The IP multicast support has been upgraded from the woefully ancient -1.x code in 4.4-Lite to the most current and up-to-date 3.3 release -from Steve D. and Ajit. The non-forwarding code is known to work (for -some limited test cases). The multicast forwarder and user-mode -multicast routing process are known to compile, but have not been -significantly tested (hopefully this will happen before 2.0 release). - -Owner: wollman -Sources involved: sys/netinet, usr.sbin/mrouted - -Loadable Kernel Modules ------------------------ -David Greenman incorporated NetBSD's port of Terry Lambert's loadable -kernel module support. Garrett Wollman wrote the support for loadable -file systems, and SЬren Schmidt did the same for loadable execution -classes. - -Owner: core -Sources involved: sys/kern, sbin/modload, sbin/modunload, - usr.bin/modstat - - -Loadable filesystems --------------------- -Most filesystems are now dynamically loadable on demand, with the -exception of the UFS family (FFS, LFS, and MFS). With the exception -of NFS, all such filesystems can be unloaded when all references are -unmounted. To support this functionality, the getvfsbyname(3) -family of functions has been added to the C library and the lsvfs(1) -command provides the same information at the shell level. Be aware of -the following current restrictions: - - - /usr/bin may not reside on a dynamically loaded filesystem. - - There must be a writable /tmp directory available - before filesystems are loaded (moving / to the top of your - /etc/fstab file will accomplish this). - - Some of the more esoteric filesystems simply don't work when loaded - dynamically (though they often don't work "static", either.) - -Owner: wollman -Sources involved: sys/*fs, lkm/*fs, usr.bin/lsvfs, lib/libc/gen - - -S/Key ------ -Since version 1.1.5, FreeBSD has supported the S/Key one time password -scheme. The version used is derived from the logdaemon package of Wietse -Venema. -Some of the features new in 2.0 are: - - New access control table format to impose the use of S/Keys - based on: hostname, ip address, port, username, group id. - - S/Key support can be disabled by not having the access control - table. -The second item explains the absence of skey.access in the installed /etc. -To enable S/Key support, create a file skey.access in /etc and fill it -according to your needs. See also skey.access(5) and the example in -/usr/share/examples/etc/skey.access. - -Owner: pst, guido -Sources involved: lib/libskey, usr.bin/key* (plus patches to others) - - -TCP/IP over parallel (printer) port ------------------------------------ -You can now run TCP/IP over a standard LapLink(tm) cable, if both ends -have an interrupt-driven printerport. The interface is named "lp0" -where '0' is the same as the lpt# unit number. This is not compatible -with PLIP. If you run NFS, try setting MTU to 9180, otherwise leave -it at 1500 unless you have a good reason to change it. Speed varies -with the CPU-type, with up to 70 kbyte/sec having been seen and 50 -kbyte/sec being the norm. - -Owner: phk -Sources involved: isa/lpt.c - - -ProAudioSpectrum SCSI driver ----------------------------- -If you have a PAS board with a CD-ROM, and the MS-DOS driver is called -TSLCDR.SYS, then the "pas" driver should work on your card. You can -attach disks, cdroms and tapes, but due to the nature of the hardware -involved, the transfer rate is limited to < 690 kbyte/sec. For CD-ROM -use, this is generally more than enough. - -Owner: phk -Sources involved: isa/pas.c - - -Adaptec 2742/2842 SCSI driver ------------------------------ -Despite the non-cooperation of Adaptec in providing technical -information, we now have a driver for the AHA-274x and AHA-284x -series SCSI controller family. This driver uses the GPL'd -Linux sequencer code, so until we find an alternative, this -will be part of the kernel that requires source code to be -distributed with it at all times. This shouldn't be a problem -for any of FreeBSD's current users. - -Owner: gibbs -Sources involved: isa/aic7770.c sys/gnu/misc/* - - -Gzip'd binaries ----------------- -We have an experimental implementation for direct execution of gzip'ed -binaries in this release. When enabled, it allows you to simply gzip -your binaries, remove the '.gz' extension and make the file -executable. There is a big speed and memory consumption penalty for -doing this, but for laptop users it may be worthwhile. The maximum -savings are generally around 10 Mb of disk space. - -Owner: phk -Sources involved: kern/imgact_gzip.c kern/inflate.c - - -Diskless booting ----------------- - -Diskless booting in 2.0 is much improved since 1.1.5. The -boot-program is in src/sys/i386/boot/netboot, and can be run from an -MSDOS system or burned into an EPROM. Local swapping is also -possible. WD, SMC, 3COM and Novell ethernet cards are currently -supported. - -Owner: Martin Renters & phk -Sources involved: i386/boot/netboot, sys/nfs/nfs_vfsops.h - - -Device configuration database ------------------------------ -The kernel now keeps better track of which device drivers are active and -where the devices are attached; this information is made available to -user programs via the new sysctl(3) management interface. Current -applications include lsdev(8), which lists the currently configured -devices. In the future, we expect to use this code to automatically -generate a configuration file for you at installation time. - -Owner: wollman -Sources involved: sys/i386, sys/scsi, sys/kern/kern_devconf.c, - sys/sys/devconf.h, usr.sbin/lsdev - - -Kernel management interface ---------------------------- -With 4.4-Lite, we now have a better management interface for the endless -series of kernel variables and parameters which were previously manipulated -by reading and writing /dev/kmem. Many programs have been rewritten to -use this interface, although many old-style programs still remain. Some -variables which were never accessible before are now available through -the sysctl(1) program. In addition to the standard 4.4BSD MIB variables, -we have added support for YP/NIS domains (kern.domainname), controlling -the update daemon (kern.update), retrieving the OS release date -(kern.osreldate), determining the name of the booted kernel (kern.bootfile), -and checking for hardware floating-point support (hw.floatingpoint). -We have also added support to make management queries of devices and -filesystems. - -Owner: core -Sources involved: sys, usr.bin/sysctl - - -iBCS2 support -------------- -FreeBSD now supports running iBCS2 compatible binaries (currently -SCO UNIX 3.2.2 & 3.2.4 and ISC 2.2 COFF format are supported). -The iBCS2 emulator is in its early stages, but it is functional, we -haven't been able to do exhaustive testing (lack of commercial apps), -but almost all of SCO's 3.2.2 binaries are working, so is an old -INFORMIX-2.10 for SCO. Further testing is nessesary to complete this -project. There is also work under way for ELF & XOUT loaders, and -most of the svr4 syscall wrappers have been written. - -Owner: Soren Schmidt (sos) & Sean Eric Fagan (sef) -Sources involved: sys/i386/ibcs2/* + misc kernel changes. - - -2. Supported Configurations ---------------------------- - -FreeBSD currently runs on a wide variety of ISA, VLB, EISA and PCI bus -based PC's, ranging from 386sx to Pentium class machines (though the -386sx is not recommended). Support for generic IDE or ESDI drive -configurations, various SCSI controller, network and serial cards is -also provided. - -Following is a list of all currently known disk controllers and -ethernet cards known to work with FreeBSD. Other configurations may -very well work, and we have simply not received any indication of -this. - - -2.1. Disk Controllers - -WD1003 (any generic MFM/RLL) -WD1007 (any generic IDE/ESDI) -[Note: the new Extended IDE controllers in newer PC's work, although no -extended features are used.] - -Adaptec 152x series ISA SCSI controllers -Adaptec 154x series ISA SCSI controllers -Adaptec 174x series EISA SCSI controller in standard and enhanced mode. -Adaptec 2742/2842 series ISA/EISA SCSI controllers -Adaptec AIC-6260 and AIC-6360 based boards, which includes -the AHA-152x and SoundBlaster SCSI cards. - -** Note: You cannot boot from the Soundblaster cards -as they have no on-board BIOS, which is necessary for mapping -the boot device into the system BIOS I/O vectors. -They're perfectly usable for external tapes, CDROMs, etc, -however. The same goes for any other AIC-6x60 based card -without a boot ROM. Some systems DO have a boot ROM, which -is generally indicated by some sort of message when the system -is first powered up or reset. Check your system/board documentation -for more details. - -[Note that Buslogic was formerly known as "Bustec"] -Buslogic 545S & 545c -Buslogic 445S/445c VLB SCSI controller -Buslogic 742A, 747S, 747c EISA SCSI controller. -Buslogic 946c PCI SCSI controller - -NCR 53C810 and 53C825 PCI SCSI controller. - -DTC 3290 EISA SCSI controller in 1542 emulation mode. - -UltraStor 14F, 24F and 34F SCSI controllers. - -Seagate ST01/02 SCSI controllers. - -Future Domain 8xx/950 series SCSI controllers. - -With all supported SCSI controllers, full support is provided for -SCSI-I & SCSI-II peripherals, including Disks, tape drives (including -DAT) and CD ROM drives. Note: This and the mcd driver (Mitsumi CDROM -interface card) are the only way a CD ROM drive may be currently -attached to a FreeBSD system; we do not support SoundBlaster -(non-SCSI) CDROM interface, or other "non-SCSI" adapters. The -ProAudio Spectrum SCSI and SoundBlaster SCSI controllers are -supported. - -Some controllers have limitations with the way they deal with >16MB of -memory, due to the fact that the ISA bus only has a DMA address space of -24 bits. If you do your arithmetic, you'll see that this makes it -impossible to do direct DMA to any address >16MB. This limitation is -even true of some EISA controllers (which are normally 32 bit) when -they're configured to emulate an ISA card, which they then do in *all* -respects. This problem is avoided entirely by IDE controllers (which do -not use DMA), true EISA controllers (like the UltraStor or Adaptec -1742A) and most VLB (local bus) controllers. In the cases where it's -necessary, the system will use "bounce buffers" to talk to the -controller so that you can still use more than 16Mb of memory without -difficulty. - - -2.2. Ethernet cards - -SMC Elite 16 WD8013 ethernet interface, and most other WD8003E, -WD8003EBT, WD8003W, WD8013W, WD8003S, WD8003SBT and WD8013EBT -based clones. SMC Elite Ultra is also supported. - -DEC EtherWORKS III NICs (DE203, DE204, and DE205) -DEC EtherWORKS II NICs (DE200, DE201, DE202, and DE422) - -Isolan AT 4141-0 (16 bit) -Isolink 4110 (8 bit) - -Novell NE1000, NE2000, and NE2100 ethernet interface. - -3Com 3C501 cards - -3Com 3C503 Etherlink II - -3Com 3C507 Etherlink 16/TP - -3Com 3C509 and 3C579 Etherlink III - -Toshiba ethernet cards - -PCMCIA ethernet cards from IBM and National Semiconductor are also -supported. - -2.3. Misc - -AST 4 port serial card using shared IRQ. - -ARNET 8 port serial card using shared IRQ. - -BOCA ATIO66 6 port serial card using shared IRQ. - -STB 4 port card using shared IRQ. - -Mitsumi (all models) CDROM interface and drive. - -Soundblaster SCSI and ProAudio Spectrum SCSI CDROM interface and drive. - -Adlib, Soundblaster, Soundblaster Pro, ProAudioSpectrum, Gravis UltraSound -and Roland MPU-401 sound cards. - -FreeBSD currently does NOT support IBM's microchannel (MCA) bus, but -support is apparently close to materializing. Details will be posted -as the situation develops. - - -3. Obtaining FreeBSD. ---------------------- - -You may obtain FreeBSD in a variety of ways: - -1. FTP/Mail - -You can ftp FreeBSD and any or all of its optional packages from -`freebsd.cdrom.com' - the offical FreeBSD release site. - -For other locations that mirror the FreeBSD software see the file -MIRROR.SITES. Please ftp the distribution from the nearest site -to you netwise. - -If you do not have access to the internet and electronic mail is your -only recourse, then you may still fetch the files by sending mail to -`ftpmail@decwrl.dec.com' - putting the keyword "help" in your message -to get more information on how to fetch files from freebsd.cdrom.com. -Note: This approach will end up sending many *tens of megabytes* -through the mail, and should only be employed as an absolute LAST -resort! - - -2. CDROM - -FreeBSD 2.0 may be ordered on CDROM from: - - Walnut Creek CDROM - 4041 Pike Lane, Suite D - Concord CA 94520 - 1-800-786-9907, +1-510-674-0783, +1-510-674-0821 (fax) - -Or via the internet from orders@cdrom.com. Their current catalog can -be obtained via ftp as ftp.cdrom.com:/cdrom/catalog. - -Cost is $39.95. Shipping (per order not per disc) is $5 in the US, Canada, -or Mexico and $10.00 overseas. They accept Visa, Mastercard, American -Express, and ship COD to the United States. California residents please -add 8.25% sales tax. - -Should you be dissatisfied for any reason, the CD comes with an -unconditional return policy. - -Note that Walnut Creek CDROM does NOT provide technical support for FreeBSD, -you need to contact the FreeBSD team for that. Please see section 5 for -more information. - - -4. Preparing for the installation. ----------------------------------- - -1. Floppy Installation - -If you must install from floppy disks, either due to space contraints -on your hard disk or just because you enjoy doing things the hard -way, you must first prepare some floppies for the install. - -You will need either 10 1.44MB floppies or 12 1.2MB floppies to -store just the bindist (binary distribution). These *must* be -formatted using MS-DOS, using either the FORMAT command in MS-DOS -or the File Manager in Microsoft Windows to prepare the floppies -(though factory preformatted floppies will also well well, provided -that they haven't been previously used for something else). - -After you've formatted the floppy disks, you'll need to copy the -files onto them. There are 56 total files for the bindist itself, -plus three small files (CKSUMS, do_cksum.sh, and extract.sh) for -the install program to use. ALL of these files must be copies onto -the floppies. Each of the bindist files are named "bindist.??", -where the "??" is replaced by the letter sequence aa through cd. -Copy these files onto the floppies, placing the three small install -files onto the final floppy. The order in which you copy the files -to floppy is not important, but it makes labelling the disks easier -if you go in some sort of alphabetical order. - -After you've done this, the floppy disks are ready for the install -program to use. - -Later on, after you get the binary distribution installed and everything -is going great, the same instructions will apply for the other -distributions, such as the manpages distribution or the XFree86 distribution. -The number of floppies required will, of course, change for bigger or -smaller distributions. - - -2. Hard Disk Installation - -To prepare for installation from an MS-DOS partition, you should simply -copy the files from the distribution into a directory with the same -name as the distribution. For example, if you are preparing to -install the bindist set, then make a directory on your C: drive named -C:\BINDIST and copy the files there. This will allow the installation -program to find the files automatically. - - -3. QIC/SCSI Tape Installation. - -Installing from tape is probably the easiest method, short of an -on-line install using ftp or installing from a CDROM. The installation -program expects the files to be simply tar'red onto the tape, so after -getting all of the files for distribution you're interested in, simply -tar them onto the tape with something like: - - cd <where the *.?? files are> - tar cvf /dev/rwt0 (or /dev/rst0) . - -from a directory with just the distribution files in it. Make sure -that you remember to put CKSUMS, do_cksum.sh, and extract.sh files -in this directory as well! - -If you wish to install multiple *dist releases from one tape, do the -following: - -1. cd to the parent directory of the distributions and put them on tape - like so: - tar cvf /dev/rwt0 (or /dev/rst0) bindist srcdist ... - -2. Install the first distribution on the tape using the tape installation - method as normal. Afterwards, *do not* erase the contents of the temporary - directory. Get a shell with ESC-ESC and cd to the temporary directory - yourself. For each additional *dist you want to load, cd to its - subdirectory and type `sh ./extract.sh'. - - -5. Reporting problems, making suggestions, submitting code. ------------------------------------------------------------ - -Your suggestions, bug reports and contributions of code are always -valued - please do not hesitate to report any problems you may find -(preferably with a fix attached if you can!). - -The preferred method to submit bug reports from a machine with internet -mail connectivity is to use the send-pr command. Bug reports will be -dutifully filed by our faithful bugfiler program and you can be sure -that we'll do our best to respond to all reported bugs as soon as -possible. - -If, for some reason, you are unable to use the send-pr command to -submit a bug report, you can try to send it to: - - bugs@FreeBSD.org - - -Otherwise, for any questions or suggestions, please send mail to: - - questions@FreeBSD.org - -Additionally, being a volunteer effort, we are always happy to have -extra hands willing to help - there are already far more enhancements -to be done than we can ever manage to do by ourselves! To contact us -on technical matters, or with offers of help, you may send mail to: - - hackers@FreeBSD.org - -Since these mailing lists can experience significant amounts of -traffic, if you've got slow or expensive mail access and you're -only interested in keeping up with significant FreeBSD events, you may -find it preferable to subscribe to: - - announce@FreeBSD.org - - -All but the FreeBSD-bugs groups can be freely joined by anyone wishing -to do so. Send mail to MajorDomo@FreeBSD.org and include the keyword -`help' on a line by itself somewhere in the body of the message. This -will give you more information on joining the various lists, accessing -archives, etc. There are a number of mailing lists targeted at -special interest groups not mentioned here, so send mail to majordomo -and ask about them! - - -6. Acknowledgements -------------------- - -FreeBSD represents the cumulative work of many dozens, if not -hundreds, of individuals from around the world who have worked very -hard to bring you this release. It would be very difficult, if not -impossible, to enumerate everyone who's contributed to FreeBSD, but -nonetheless we shall try (in alphabetical order, of course). If your -name is not mentioned, please be assured that its omission is entirely -accidental. - - -The Computer Systems Research Group (CSRG), U.C. Berkeley. - -Bill Jolitz, for his extensive work with 386BSD. - -The FreeBSD "core" team: - - Andrey A. Chernov - John Dyson - Bruce Evans - David Greenman - Rodney W. Grimes - Jordan K. Hubbard - Poul-Henning Kamp - Rich Murphey - Gary Palmer - Geoff Rehmet - Paul Richards - Soren Schmidt - Andreas Schulz - Jack Vogel - Garrett A. Wollman - - -Special mention to: - - Robert Bruce and Jack Velte of Walnut Creek CDROM, without - whose help (and continuing support) this release would never - have been possible. - - Dermot McDonnell for his donation of a Toshiba XM3401B CDROM - drive. - - The NetBSD group for their frequent assistance and commentary. - - Additional FreeBSD helpers and beta testers: - - J.T. Conklin Julian Elischer - Sean Eric Fagan Jeffrey Hsu - Terry Lambert L Jonas Olsson - Chris Provenzano Dave Rivers - Guido van Rooij Steven Wallace - Atsushi Murai Scott Mace - Andrew Moore Nate Williams - - And everyone at Montana State University for their initial support. - - -Thanks to everyone, especially those not mentioned, and we sincerely -hope you enjoy this release of FreeBSD! - - - The FreeBSD Core Team - -$Id: RELNOTES.FreeBSD,v 1.22 1995/01/27 23:15:31 jkh Exp $ diff --git a/share/FAQ/Slip.FAQ b/share/FAQ/Slip.FAQ deleted file mode 100644 index 1135c1f..0000000 --- a/share/FAQ/Slip.FAQ +++ /dev/null @@ -1,190 +0,0 @@ -*********************************************************************** -*** How to Set Up SLIP on FreeBSD *** -*********************************************************************** - -Updated for 1.1.5(.1) support by Satoshi Asami, 8/6/94. - -The following is I (asami) set up my FreeBSD machine for SLIP on a -static host network. For dynamic hostname assignments (i.e., your -address changes each time you dial up), you probably need to do -something much fancier. - -This is just "what I did, and it worked for me". I'm sharing this -just for your reference, I'm no expert in SLIP nor networking so your -mileage may vary. - -Note: for 1.1 systems (not 1.1.5), you need to use /dev/tty01 instead -of /dev/cua01. substitute all the occurences of "cua" in this document -with "tty". - -Note: the default 1.1.5(.1) system only comes with cua/ttyd pairs for -the last two ports (2 and 3), so if your modem is at sio0/sio1 -(COM1/COM2), you need to make the devices. Try "cd /dev; sh MAKEDEV -cua01" to make the new special files for sio1 (ditto for sio0). This -will delete tty01, but you shouldn't need it anymore...or you can make -a symbolic link /dev/tty01 -> ttyd1 if you don't want to hunt down all -occurences of tty01 in your setup files. - -I actually have a symbolic link /dev/modem -> cua01 (and /dev/mouse -> -ttyd0). I use only the modem/mouse names in my configuration files. -This helped a lot when I switched from 1.1 to 1.1.5.1 (tty01 => cua01) -and when I had to move my modem temporarily to sio2 to enable the -RS-232C port on the serial card. It can become quite cumbersome when -you need to fix a bunch of files in /etc and .kermrc's all over the -system! - -First, make sure you have - -pseudo-device sl 2 - -in your kernel's config file. It is included in the GENERIC, GENERICAH -and GENERICBT kernels, so this won't be a problem unless you deleted it. - -Things you have to do only once: - -(1) Add your home machine, the gateway and nameservers to your - /etc/hosts file. Mine looks like this: - -127.0.0.1 localhost loghost -136.152.64.181 silvia.HIP.Berkeley.EDU silvia.HIP silvia - -136.152.64.1 inr-3.Berkeley.EDU inr-3 slip-gateway -128.32.136.9 ns1.Berkeley.edu ns1 -128.32.136.12 ns2.Berkeley.edu ns2 - - By the way, silvia is the name of the car that I had when I was - back in Japan (it's called 2?0SX here in U.S.). - -(2) Make sure you have "hosts" before "bind" in your /etc/host.conf. - Otherwise, funny things may happen. - -(3) Edit the /etc/netstart and add this to the end of the file: - -# set up slip -gateway=slip-gateway -ifconfig sl0 inet $hostname $gateway netmask 0xffffff00 -route add default $gateway - - Note that because of the "slip-gateway" entry in /etc/hosts, there - is no local dependency in the netstart file. Also, you might want - to un-comment the "route add $hostname localhost" line. - -(3') Make a file /etc/resolv.conf which contains: - -domain HIP.Berkeley.EDU -nameserver 128.32.136.9 -nameserver 128.32.136.12 - - As you can see, these set up the nameserver hosts. Of course, the - actual addresses depend on your environment. - -(4) Set the password for root and toor (and any other accounts that - doesn't have a password). Use passwd, don't edit the passwd or - passwd.master files! - -(5) Edit /etc/myname and reboot the machine. - -How to set up the connection: - -(6) Dial up, type "slip" at the prompt, enter your machine name and - password. The things you need to enter depends on your - environment. I use kermit, with a script like this: - -# kermit setup -set modem hayes -set line /dev/cua01 -set speed 57600 -set parity none -set flow rts/cts -set terminal bytesize 8 -set file type binary -# The next macro will dial up and login -define slip dial 643-9600, input 10 =>, if failure stop, - -output slip\x0d, input 10 Username:, if failure stop, - -output silvia\x0d, input 10 Password:, if failure stop, - -output ***\x0d, echo \x0aCONNECTED\x0a - - (of course, you have to change the hostname and password to fit - yours). Then you can just type "slip" from the kermit prompt to - get connected. - - Note: leaving your password in plain text anywhere in the - filesystem is generally a BAD idea. Do it at your own risk. I'm - just too lazy. - - Note: If you have an 1.1 machine, and kermit doesn't give you a - prompt, try "stty -f /dev/tty01 clocal". I put this in - /etc/rc.local so that it works the first time I boot the machine. - This doesn't apply to 1.1.5(.1) systems, as cua0? are already - configured for dialouts. - -(7) Leave the kermit there (you can suspend it by "z") and as root, - type - -slattach -h -c -s 57600 /dev/cua01 - - if you are able to "ping" hosts on campus, you are connected! - - If it doesn't work, you might want to try "-a" instead of "-c". - -(8) Happy slipping! - -How to shutdown the connection: - -(9) Type "ps gx" (as root) to find out the PID of slattach, and use - "kill -INT" to kill it. - - Then go back to kermit ("fg" if you suspended it) and exit from it - ("q"). - - The slattach man page says you have to use "ifconfig sl0 down" to - mark the interface down, but this doesn't seem to make any - difference for me. ("ifconfig sl0" reports the same thing.) - - Some times, your modem might refuse to drop the carrier (mine - often does). In that case, simply start kermit and quit it again. - It usually goes out on the second try. - - When you want to connect again, go back to (6). You may have to - watch out for clocal mode. If "stty -f /dev/tty01" doesn't tell - you it's clocal, you need to re-set it before kermitting. Again, - this is only for 1.1 machines. - -TROUBLESHOOTING: - -If it doesn't work, feel free to ask me. The things that people -tripped over so far: - -* Not using "-c" or "-a" in slattach (I have no idea why this can be - fatal, but adding this flag solved the problem for at least one - person) - -* Using "s10" instead of "sl0" (might be hard to see the difference on - some fonts :) - -Try "ifconfig sl0" to see your interface status. I get: - -silvia# ifconfig sl0 -sl0: flags=10<POINTOPOINT> - inet 136.152.64.181 --> 136.152.64.1 netmask ffffff00 - -Also, "netstat -r" will give the routing table, in case you get the -"no route to host" messages from ping. Mine looks like: - -silvia# netstat -r -Routing tables -Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use IfaceMTU Rtt -Netmasks: -(root node) -(root node) - -Route Tree for Protocol Family inet: -(root node) => -default inr-3.Berkeley.EDU UG 8 224515 sl0 - - -localhost.Berkel localhost.Berkeley UH 5 42127 lo0 - 0.438 -inr-3.Berkeley.E silvia.HIP.Berkele UH 1 0 sl0 - - -silvia.HIP.Berke localhost.Berkeley UGH 34 47641234 lo0 - 0.438 -(root node) - -(this is after transferring a bunch of files, your numbers should be -smaller). diff --git a/share/FAQ/Systems-1.1.FAQ b/share/FAQ/Systems-1.1.FAQ deleted file mode 100644 index ff3b1c8..0000000 --- a/share/FAQ/Systems-1.1.FAQ +++ /dev/null @@ -1,266 +0,0 @@ - Systems FAQ - For FreeBSD - Last Modified: $Id: Systems.FAQ,v 1.1 1994/09/11 10:56:04 jkh Exp $ - -This FAQ is a list of systems that people have sent to the FAQ maintnance -person for inclusion. If you have a system you would like to be included -please send it to FreeBSD-FAQ@freefall.cdrom.com. - -Disclaimer: This document is composed of systems that people have sent to -the FAQ maintnance person. It is the not to be taken as an endorsement -for any system or manufacture. - - -1. - -386DX/20 real AMI, ISA -Oak SVGA (no X) -8MB -Adaptec 1542B, WD1007V ESDI -Wren VI and Miniscribe 660MB 20Mbit/sec ESDI -WD 8013EBT - -2. - -486DX/25 clone, AMI BIOS, ISA -Orchid PCIII gas plasma (yes, VGA16) -8MB -Adaptec 1542B -Micropolis 1684 SCSI -SMC 8013EEWC - -3. - - ??? OPTI chipset AMI BIOS 486/50 ISA -ISA ET4000 w/ X11 (not so slow) -16 Mb - 48 Mb swap -ISA aha1542 B -ISA no-name IDE w/ floppies -FUJITSU M2623S-512 405MB set to SCSI2 -SEAGATE ST3283N 237MB SCSI2 -SANYO CRD-400I SCSI2 cdromcdrom - -4. - -Lipizzan LDO-1 486DX-33 motherboard -Orchid ProIIs (1M) video -8 MB memory -Generic 2S/1P/2FD/IDE controller: -Maxtor 7213 AT -WDC AC2420H -PAS-16 + Sony CDU31A CD drive (Fusion 16 package). - *** The CD drive does not currently work with FreeBSD. - -5. - -Asus VL/ISA-486SV2 (ISA-VLB as you can see) -Orchid Fahrenheit 1280+ VLB (yes) -20MB -Some no-name IDE VLB controller -Conner CP30504 (I think....the 540MB IDE one) -Zoltrix 14.4/14.4 Fax/Modem on tty01 -Intel 486DX2/66 CPU + fan -Conner CP30104 (120MB....for DOS) - -6. - -AIR 486El (running with AMD486/40) -ATI Graphics Ultra Pro running XFree862.1 -16M -Adaptec 1742 -Micropolis 2217 -Wangtec 6130FS DAT drive (Some problems) - -7. - -Compudyne 486 DX2/66 -ATI Local Bus GUP w/ 2megs -16 Megs Memory -504 IDE Hard Drive -Colorado 250 meg QIC-80 tape drive - -8. - -American Megatrends Enterprise III, 486DX2-66 -ATI VLB Mach 32 (with X) -16 meg -Adaptec 1742 EISA SCSI with floppy -Toshiba 5030 SCSI-II -Toshiba 5157 SCSI-II -SMC Elite16T ISA Ethernet (ISA) - -9. - -American Megatrends Enterprise III, 486DX -ATI VLB Mach 32 (with X) -32 meg -Adaptec 1742 EISA SCSI with floppy -Maxtor P0-12S SCSI -Digital DSP5200S SCSI-II -Pro Audio Spectrum 16 -Wonder Board, 4 serial (16550), 3 parallel, each on a different interrupt - -10. - -NoName 486DX/33, Intel Chipset, EISA-Bus -ATI Graphics Ultra Pro EISA, -17" Nanao (Eizo) F550-i Monitor -Running the Mach32 X-Server XFree86-2.1.1 with fonts created from source. -16 MB RAM (planning to add another 8 MB). -AHA1742A -Conner CP3100 -Fujitsu 520 MB -Archive 525MB streamer tape. -Gravis UltraSound - works for mod-files. - -11. - -ASUS SP3 PCI Board with i486 DX/2 66 MHz -ISA ET4000 (I already tested a S3 805 PCI card successfully) -Adaptec 1542B -Toshiba XM3301TA CD-Rom -CDC Harddisk, 572 MB (I don't know the exact specs) - -12. - -Mylex MAE486/33 EISA Motherboard -16MB memory -Actix GE32+ S3 801 gfx -Adaptec 1742A controller -Seagate ST3160 drive -Seagate ST5120 drive -Archive Viper 150MB tape -Roland SCC-1 sound card -Gravis Ultrasound card -Longshine SMC/Novell compatable ethernet card - -13. - -Model: DECpc LPv 466d2 -Config: Local (Motherboard) S3 801 gfx, IDE controller, PS/2 mouse, 12MB memory - -14. - - -??? 486/DX266 EISA/VLB Motherboard -16MB memory -#9 GXE L12 VLB 3MB graphics card -Bt445S VLB disk controller -DEC DSP3105S drive -MAXSTOR P-17S drive -Tandberg 525MB tape drive -Toshiba XM3301 CDROM -Soundblaster 2.0 -Longshine SMC/Novell compatable ethernet card - -15. - -M407 PC chips with 33Mhz 486. -Had to disable external cache due to DMA problems. Board uses write-through -cache unless a second chip is added to allow write-back.write-back. -Orchid ProDesigner II (yes) -16Mb -IDE -Maxtor 7213 AT and Maxtor 7120 AT -2 BICC Isolans (Lance based cards) - -16. - -Gigabyte EISA/VLB motherboard with SIS chipset, AMI bios, 32 MB ram -Adaptec 1742 SCSI 2 controller with floppy controller enabled -Spea/V7 Mirage - S3/805 based localbus graphics card with 1 MB d-ram -no name wd8013 compatible ethernet card -Gravis Ultrasound card with 1 MB ram -2 Fujitsu 400 MB and 1 Seagate 500 MB SCSI 2 harddisks -5 1/4 + 3 1/2 inch floppy drives -Tandberg TDC3600 60 MB + Tandberg TDC3800 525 MB Streamer (these don't work -quite properly yet) - -17. - -i486DX33, 16 Mb RAM, 256 Kb external cache, VLB board -no-name IDE/floppy controller -Western Digital Caviar 2340 (325 Mb) -Kalok KL-343 (40 Mb) -Chips & Technologies 451 SuperVGA card (800x600, 16 colours, 256Kb) - -18. - -no name EISA i486DX/33 board, 16 MB RAM -Adaptec AHA-1540*A* (not knowing if the current -current might cause - problems, my kernel is from end of march) -Maxtor MXT-1240S, 1.2Gig very fast SCSI disk -Seagate ST-1144A, just to boot off the beast (also has a messdos partition yet) -Archive Viper 150 tape; has a firmware braindeadness when appending files, - works very well otherwise -ELSA Winner 1000 ISA/EISA, 1MB VRAM, S3 86C928 (unfortunately, D-step chip) -Nokia 447-B 17in monitor, running ~ 1100x800 resolution, very nice -true `Mouse Systems' optical mouse, fine thing! -sometimes a Toshiba XM-3301 CDROM, rather old, but solid & reliable - -19. - -older south-east Asia made notebook, i386SX/16, 5 MB RAM (where the 384 k hole - can be re-mapped, so all the 5 MB are useable) -Seagate ST-9145AG, 120 MB 2.5in IDE disk, very low power consumption, but - rather slow transfer rate, only about 350 K/s, so paging is a mess -640x480 LCD, ~ 16 gray tones distinguishable, Cirrus Logic CL-GD610/620 - chipset; runs generic VGA-Mono and VGA-16 XFree86[tm] servers; needs - some hacks in rc.local to give full contrast when running with the - pcvt display driver (due to their different default attribute handling) - - -20. - -Data General Dasher 386sx/16, 8 MB RAM -Adaptec AHA-1542B -Seagate ST-3655N, 525 MB SCSI disk -Conner CP-3044, 40 MB IDE disk -has been working with a Western Digital WD-1007V ESDI controller (on - secondary wdc address), and a Micropolis 1664-7 330 MB ESDI disk - - but this beast was terribly slow, loud (& unreliable) and therefore - had to go -ET-3000 based 512 K VGA, slow (wrt. XFree86), but reliable -3Com 3C503 Ethernet adaptor, suffers from the `do not nfs mount with - too large packets' problem, but works well otherwise -`Mouse Systems' optical mouse -Toshiba XM-3301 CDROM -already ran with a Micropolis 1664-3 330 MB SCSI disk (same drive as - above, but different interface) -already ran with an IBM 2Gig SCSI disk (don't remember the type) - - -21. - -Mylex MNA 486/33 EISA Motherboard -16Mb of Memory -1.2 GB Toshiba 538 SCSI disk -400Mb IBM SCSI disk -150/250Mb Tandberg SCSI tape drive -Toshiba 3401 SCSI CD-ROM -Tseng 4000 Video Controller -Logitech Bus Mouse -Mediavision Pro Audio Stereo Sound Card -Adaptech 1742A SCSI controller -WD8013EBT Ethernet Card - -22. - -386DX-40 w/Cyrix math co-processor -ET-4000 running X -16MB -IDE -540MB Western Digital -WD8003EP - - - - - - - - - - - - diff --git a/share/FAQ/Systems.FAQ b/share/FAQ/Systems.FAQ deleted file mode 100644 index ad1715e..0000000 --- a/share/FAQ/Systems.FAQ +++ /dev/null @@ -1,59 +0,0 @@ - - Systems FAQ - for FreeBSD 2.0 - -This FAQ lists systems (and componets) known to work with FreeBSD 2.0. None -of these lists should be seen as a recomandation for a manufacture. - -Revision: $Id: Systems.FAQ,v 1.5 1994/09/16 18:51:50 gclarkii Exp $ - - -i386: - - -Motherboard: Magitronics 386DX-40 -CPU: i386DX-40 -Busses: ISA and VLB (VLB not tested) -Ram: 20 Megs -Video: Generic 1MB Tseng 4000 (ISA) -Disks: - 2 - Segate ST1126 (SCSI) - 1 - Seagate ST1480 (SCSI) - 1 - Toshiba MK-234FC-C (IDE) -Controllers: - Generic IDE - Adaptec AH-1542CF - -Motherboard: Magitronics 386SX-40 -CPU: i386SX-40 -Busses: ISA -Ram: 4 Megs -Video: Monochrome -Disks: - 1-Seagate ST1126 (SCSI) -Controllers: - Future Domain 850 -Notes: Slow but useable - -i486: - -Motherboard: Gateway 2000 Handbook 486 HB486DX2-40 -CPU: i486SL DX2/40 -BUS(S): PCMCIA, one type II -Video Card: Monochrome VGA. -Are you running X on this?: no, havn't really tried. -Types of Disks (manufacture and bus): 130Mb builtin. <Areal A130 U> -If you wish to be credited: Poul-Henning Kamp phk@freefall.cdrom.com - -NOTES: -This is a 3 pound portable. Runs perfect. Suspend works great. Has one -serial and one parallel/floppy port, which can drive either a floppy or -a parallel port, but not at the same time. Builtin "EZ" mouse-thinge. -Highly recommended for people on the road. - - -Credits: - FreeBSD Core Team - Gary Clark II - Poul-Henning Kamp - diff --git a/share/FAQ/TROUBLESHOOTING b/share/FAQ/TROUBLESHOOTING deleted file mode 100644 index d1cb25f..0000000 --- a/share/FAQ/TROUBLESHOOTING +++ /dev/null @@ -1,185 +0,0 @@ -Troubleshooting Tips - or "These are the times that try men's souls" --------------------------------------------------------------------- - -The following tips and tricks may help you turn a failing (or failed) -installation attempt into a success. Please read them carefully. - ---- - -Symptom: Hardware conflict or misconfiguration. - Device not being found when it should be. - -Problem: A device is conflicting with another, or its settings - don't match the kernel's expected IRQ or address. - -Explanation: While most device drivers in FreeBSD are now smart - enough to match themselves to your hardware settings - dynamically, there are a few that still require fairly - rigid configuration parameters to be compiled in (and - matched by the hardware) before they'll work. We're - working hard to eliminate as many of these last - hold-outs as we can, but it's not always as easy as - it looks. - -Solution: There are several possible solutions. The first, - and easiest, is to boot the kernel with the -c flag. - When you see the initial boot prompt (from floppy or - hard disk), type: - - /kernel -c - - This will boot just past the memory sizing code and - then drop into a dynamic kernel configuration utility. - Type `?' at the prompt to see a list of commands. You - can use this utility to reset the IRQ, memory address, - IO address or a number of other device configuration - parameters. You can also disable a device entirely - if it's causing problems for other devices you'd much - rather have work. Note that this only affects the - kernel being booted temporarily, it does not "write out" - the information to the kernel so that these settings - are permanantly altered (this would be actually rather - hard). If you reboot, you'll have to make the same - changes again. The goal of the -c utility is to get - you up far enough to be able to download the appropriate - sources and configure and rebuild a kernel more specific - to your needs. - - Another solution is, obviously, to remove the offending - hardware or simply strip the system down to the bare - essentials until the problem (hopefully) goes away. - Once you're up, you can do the same thing mentioned - above - compile a kernel more suited to your hardware, - or incrementally try to figure out what it was about - your original hardware configuration that didn't work. - ---- -Symptom: My floppy-tape drive isn't probed. - -Problem: Last-minute problems with this driver caused it to be disabled - by default. - -Solution: Boot with -c (described above) and set the flags value of - fdc0 to 1. This will re-enable the floppy tape driver. - Sorry, but it was causing problems for people without floppy - tape drives! ---- - -Symptom: When I boot for the first time, it still looks for /386bsd! - -Problem: You still have the old FreeBSD 1.x boot blocks on your - boot partition. - -Solution: You should re-enter the installation process, invoke - the (F)disk editor and chose the (W)rite option. This - won't hurt an existing installation and will make sure - that the new boot blocks get written to the drive. - If you're installing for the first time, don't forget - to (W)rite out your new boot blocks! :-) - ---- - -Symptom: I want to boot FreeBSD off the second drive. It doesn't! - -Problem: FreeBSD will actually install just fine on a drive other - than 0 (the first drive), and the boot manager will even - allow you to select it, but the boot blocks rather - pathologically assume 0. This should be fixed in 2.1. - -Solution: Easy - follow these steps: - - 1. Select the first (0) drive from the (F)disk editor - and write out the boot manager with the (B) option. - This will enable the boot manager that allows you to - actually boot off the other drive. - - 2. Exit the fdisk editor for the first drive and and - re-enter it again for the drive you wish to install - on. Set up a partition on this drive, or select - (A)ll for the entire drive. - - 3. Enter the disklabel editor and allocate space on - your second drive as normal. Proceed with the - installation. - - 4. Once you've installed on the disk and are going to - reboot from the hard disk, enter the following at - the boot prompt: - - wd(1,a)/kernel - - [ If you're using a SCSI drive, substitute - `sd' for `wd' above ] - - This will ensure that you really boot from the second - drive. If you've actually installed on a drive other - than 1 (the 3rd or 4th drive?), substitute that number - in for the above. You will need to enter this EVERY - time you reboot from the hard disk. If you're feeling - brave and have a srcdist + the requisite experience, - you can hack the boot blocks in: - - /usr/src/sys/i386/boot/biosboot - - So that this drive you're booting from is hard-coded. - Recompile the boot blocks and reinstall them on your - drive with `disklabel -B ...' You can then have the - default Do The Right Thing. ---- - -Symptom: Newfs crashes, requesting that blocksize be 32K - -Problem: You have your disk controller configured to translate - to a some really large cylinder size because you're using - a drive with lots of cylinders. - -Solution: Turn such translation OFF in your controller's BIOS - setup if you can. If you must share the disk with other - Operating Systems, then this may not be possible and - you may simply be unable to install FreeBSD until we have - support for large translated geometries, sorry! - [ Hopefully in 2.1 ]. - ---- - -Symptom: FreeBSD won't boot off the hard disk - -Problem: Root partition does not start and end below cylinder 1024. - -Solution: See solution for newfs crashes, or move your root - partition. This limitation holds true for ANY operating - system you wish to boot from your hard drive. - ---- - -Symptom: FreeBSD still won't boot off the hard disk - -Problem: No boot code is installed in sector 1. - -Solution: Chose the Write MBR (B)oot code in the FDISK editor and - write out the boot manager so that you have a chance to - select operating systems. - - [ ** NOTE: If you are using the entire disk for FreeBSD, or - you have a Connor drive that does cylinder translation - from the MBR boot code, do NOT chose this option! ** ]. - ---- -Summary: Nope, FreeBSD's still not booting from the hard disk. - -Cause: BIOS disk geometry different from that used when - installing FreeBSD. - -Solution: With IDE drives, pay careful attention to the geometry - information that FreeBSD prints out when it's first - booting off the floppy. Use this geometry in your BIOS - setup or use the BIOS geometry when you install FreeBSD. - Either way, they have to match. - - With SCSI drives, the values they report is most often - bogus and cannot be used. In this situation, the SCSI - controller is performing geometry translation and - it's probably wise to assume a default of 64 heads, - 32 sectors and 1MB/cylinder. Use these values when - you install FreeBSD. See above comments concerning - newfs failures for more info. diff --git a/share/FAQ/Text/CONTRIB.FreeBSD b/share/FAQ/Text/CONTRIB.FreeBSD deleted file mode 100644 index 16e46b5..0000000 --- a/share/FAQ/Text/CONTRIB.FreeBSD +++ /dev/null @@ -1,278 +0,0 @@ - FreeBSD 2.0.5 - Contributor List - - - -Derived Software Contributors: - -This software was originally derived from William F. Jolitz's 386BSD -release 0.1, though almost none of the original 386BSD specific code -remains. This software has been essentially reimplemented from the -4.4 BSD Lite release provided by the Computer Science Research Group -(CSRG) at the University of California, Berkeley and associated academic -contributors. - -There are also portions of NetBSD that have been integrated into FreeBSD -as well, and we would therefore like to thank all the contributors -to NetBSD for their work. Despite some occasionally rocky moments in -relations between the two groups, we both want essentially the same -thing: More BSD based operating systems on people's computers! We -wish the NetBSD group every success in their endevors. - - -Hardware Contributors: - -A special thank-you to Walnut Creek CDROM for providing the Pentium P5-90 -and 486/DX2-66 EISA/VL systems that are being used for our development work, -to say nothing of the network access and other donations of hardware -resources. It would have been impossible to do this release without -their support. - -TRW Financial Systems, Inc. provided 130 PCs, three 68 GB fileservers, -twelve ethernets, two routers and an ATM switch for debugging the diskless -code. They also keep a couple of FreeBSD hackers alive and busy. Thanks! - -Thanks also to Dermot McDonnell for his donation of a Toshiba XM3401B CDROM -drive. It's been most useful! - -Thanks to Chuck Robey (chuckr@eng.umd.edu) who's been contributing his -floppy tape streamer for experimental work. - - -The FreeBSD Core Team -(in alphabetical order): - - Andrey A. Chernov <ache@FreeBSD.org> - Bruce Evans <bde@FreeBSD.org> - David Greenman <davidg@FreeBSD.org> - Garrett A. Wollman <wollman@FreeBSD.org> - Gary Palmer <gpalmer@FreeBSD.org> - JЖrg Wunsch <joerg@FreeBSD.org> - John Dyson <dyson@FreeBSD.org> - Jordan K. Hubbard <jkh@FreeBSD.org> - Justin Gibbs <gibbs@FreeBSD.org> - Poul-Henning Kamp <phk@FreeBSD.org> - Rich Murphey <rich@FreeBSD.org> - Rodney W. Grimes <rgrimes@FreeBSD.org> - Satoshi Asami <asami@FreeBSD.org> - SЬren Schmidt <sos@FreeBSD.org> - - -Who's Responsible For What: - - President: Jordan K. Hubbard <jkh@FreeBSD.org> - Principle Architect: David Greenman <davidg@FreeBSD.org> - Documentation: John Fieber <jfieber@FreeBSD.org> - Internationalization: Andrey A. Chernov <ache@FreeBSD.org> - Networking: Garrett A. Wollman <wollman@FreeBSD.org> - Postmaster: Jonathan M. Bresler <jmb@FreeBSD.org> - Public Relations: Jordan Hubbard <jkh@FreeBSD.org> - Release Coordinator: Jordan Hubbard <jkh@FreeBSD.org> - System Administration: Gary Palmer <gpalmer@FreeBSD.org> - WEBMASTERS: John Fieber <jfieber@FreeBSD.org> and - James L. Robinson <jlrobin@FreeBSD.org> - XFree86 Project, Inc. Liason: Rich Murphey <rich@FreeBSD.org> - - -Additional FreeBSD Contributors -(in alphabetical order by first name, just to be different): - -Adam David <adam@veda.is> -Adam Glass <glass@postgres.berkeley.edu> -Akito Fujita <fujita@zoo.ncl.omron.co.jp> -Andras Olah <olah@cs.utwente.nl> -Andreas Klemm <andreas@knobel.GUN.de> -Andrew Herbert <andrew@werple.apana.org.au> -Andrew Moore <alm@FreeBSD.org> -Anthony Yee-Hang Chan <yeehang@netcom.com> -Atsushi Murai <amurai@spec.co.jp> -Bill Fenner <fenner@parc.xerox.com> -Bill Paul <wpaul@FreeBSD.org> -Bob Wilcox <bob@obiwan.uucp> -Brian Tao <taob@gate.sinica.edu.tw> -Charles Hannum <mycroft@ai.mit.edu> -Chris G. Demetriou <cgd@postgres.berkeley.edu> -Chris Provenzano <proven@athena.mit.edu> -Chris Stenton <jacs@gnome.co.uk> -Chris Torek <torek@ee.lbl.gov> -Christian Gusenbauer <cg@fimp01.fim.uni-linz.ac.at> -Christoph Robitschko <chmr@edvz.tu-graz.ac.at> -Chuck Robey <chuckr@Glue.umd.edu> -Cornelis van der Laan <nils@guru.ims.uni-stuttgart.de> -Craig Struble <cstruble@vt.edu> -Curt Mayer <curt@toad.com> -Danny J. Zerkel <dzerkel@feephi.phofarm.com> -Dave Burgess <burgess@hrd769.brooks.af.mil> -Dave Chapeskie <dchapes@zeus.leitch.com> -Dave Rivers <rivers@ponds.uucp> -David Dawes <dawes@physics.su.OZ.AU> -Dean Huxley <dean@fsa.ca> -Don Whiteside <dwhite@anshar.shadow.net> -Eric L. Hernes <erich@lodgenet.com> -Frank Durda IV <bsdmail@nemesis.lonestar.org> -Frank Maclachlan <fpm@crash.cts.com> -Frank Nobis <fn@trinity.radio-do.de> -Gary A. Browning <gab10@griffcd.amdahl.com> -Gary Clark II <gclarkii@radon.gbdata.com> -Gary Jennejohn <gj%pcs.dec.com@inet-gw-1.pa.dec.com> -Gene Stark <stark@cs.sunysb.edu> -Guido van Rooij <guido@gvr.win.tue.nl> -Havard Eidnes <Havard.Eidnes@runit.sintef.no> -Holger Veit <Holger.Veit@gmd.de> -Ishii Masahiro, R. Kym Horsell -J.T. Conklin <jtc@winsey.com> -James Clark <jjc@jclark.com> -James da Silva <jds@cs.umd.edu> et al -Janusz Kokot <janek@gaja.ipan.lublin.pl> -Javier Martin Rueda <jmrueda@diatel.upm.es> -Jim Wilson <wilson@moria.cygnus.com> -Josh MacDonald <jmacd@uclink.berkeley.edu> -JЖrg Wunsch <joerg_wunsch@uriah.heep.sax.de> -Julian Elischer <julian@dialix.oz.au> -Julian Stacey <stacey@guug.de> <fallback: <julian@meepmeep.pcs.com>> -Keith Bostic <bostic@toe.CS.Berkeley.EDU> -Keith Moore <?> -Kirk McKusick <mckusick@mckusick.com> -L Jonas Olsson <ljo@po.cwru.edu> -Lars Fredriksen <fredriks@mcs.com> -Lucas James <Lucas.James@ldjpc.apana.org.au> -Marc Frajola <marc@dev.com> -Marc Ramirez <mrami@mramirez.sy.yale.edu -Mark Murray <mark@grondar.za> -Mark Tinguely <tinguely@plains.nodak.edu> <tinguely@hookie.cs.ndsu.NoDak.edu> -Marc van Kempen <wmbfmk@urc.tue.nl> -Martin Birgmeier -Martin Renters <martin@innovus.com> -Matt Thomas <thomas@lkg.dec.com> -Michael Smith <msmith@atrad.adelaide.edu.au> -Nate Williams <nate@FreeBSD.org> -NIIMI Satoshi <sa2c@and.or.jp> -Nobuhiro Yasutomi <nobu@@psrc.isac.co.jp> -Nobuyuki Koganemaru <kogane@kces.koganemaru.co.jp> -Ollivier Robert <roberto@FreeBSD.org> -Paul Kranenburg <pk@cs.few.eur.nl> -Paul Mackerras <paulus@cs.anu.edu.au> -Paul Traina <pst@cisco.com> -Paul Richards <paul@FreeBSD.org> -Peter Dufault <dufault@hda.com> -Peter Wemm <peter@haywire.DIALix.COM> -Philippe Charnier <charnier@lirmm.fr> -Rob Shady <rls@id.net> -Rob Snow <rsnow@txdirect.net> -Richard Stallman <rms@gnu.ai.mit.edu> -Sascha Wildner <swildner@channelz.GUN.de> -Scott Mace <smace@FreeBSD.org> -Sean Eric Fagan <sef@kithrup.com> -Serge V. Vakulenko <vak@zebub.msk.su> -Stefan Esser <se@MI.Uni-Koeln.DE> -Stephen McKay <syssgm@devetir.qld.gov.au> -Steve Gerakines <steve2@genesis.tiac.net> -Steven Wallace <swallace@ece.uci.edu> -Tatsumi Hosokawa <hosokawa@mt.cs.keio.ac.jp> -Terry Lee <terry@uivlsi.csl.uiuc.edu> -Theo Deraadt <deraadt@fsa.ca> -Thomas Gellekum <thomas@ghpc8.ihf.rwth-aachen.de> -Tom Samplonius <tom@misery.sdf.com> -Torbjorn Granlund <tege@matematik.su.se> -Torsten Blum <torstenb@FreeBSD.ORG> -Ugen J.S.Antsilevich <ugen@NetVision.net.il> -Werner Griessl <werner@btp1da.phy.uni-bayreuth.de> -Wolfgang Stanglmeier <wolf@kintaro.cologne.de> -Wolfram Schneider <wosch@cs.tu-berlin.de> -Yuval Yarom <yval@cs.huji.ac.il> -Yves Fonk <yves@cpcoup5.tn.tudelft.nl> - - -386BSD Patch kit patch contributors (in alphabetical order): - -Adam Glass <glass@postgres.berkeley.edu> -Adrian Hall <adrian@ibmpcug.co.uk> -Andrey A. Chernov <ache@astral.msk.su> -Andrew Herbert <andrew@werple.apana.org.au> -Andrew Moore <alm@netcom.com> -Andy Valencia <ajv@csd.mot.com> <jtk@netcom.com> -Arne Henrik Juul <arnej@Lise.Unit.NO> -Bakul Shah <bvs@bitblocks.com> -Barry Lustig <barry@ictv.com> -Bob Wilcox <bob@obiwan.uucp> -Branko Lankester -Brett Lymn <blymn@mulga.awadi.com.AU> -Charles Hannum <mycroft@ai.mit.edu> -Chris G. Demetriou <cgd@postgres.berkeley.edu> -Chris Torek <torek@ee.lbl.gov> -Christoph Robitschko <chmr@edvz.tu-graz.ac.at> -Daniel Poirot <poirot@aio.jsc.nasa.gov> -Dave Burgess <burgess@hrd769.brooks.af.mil> -Dave Rivers <rivers@ponds.uucp> -David Dawes <dawes@physics.su.OZ.AU> -David Greenman <davidg@Root.COM> -Eric J. Haug <ejh@slustl.slu.edu> -Felix Gaehtgens <felix@escape.vsse.in-berlin.de> -Frank Maclachlan <fpm@crash.cts.com> -Gary A. Browning <gab10@griffcd.amdahl.com> -Geoff Rehmet <csgr@alpha.ru.ac.za> -Goran Hammarback <goran@astro.uu.se> -Guido van Rooij <guido@gvr.win.tue.nl> -Guy Harris <guy@auspex.com> -Havard Eidnes <Havard.Eidnes@runit.sintef.no> -Herb Peyerl <hpeyerl@novatel.cuc.ab.ca -Holger Veit <Holger.Veit@gmd.de> -Ishii Masahiro, R. Kym Horsell -J.T. Conklin <jtc@winsey.com> -Jagane D Sundar < jagane@netcom.com > -James Clark <jjc@jclark.com> -James Jegers <jimj@miller.cs.uwm.edu> -James W. Dolter -James da Silva <jds@cs.umd.edu> et al -Jay Fenlason <hack@datacube.com> -Jim Wilson <wilson@moria.cygnus.com> -Joerg Lohse <lohse@tech7.informatik.uni-hamburg.de> -JЖrg Wunsch <joerg_wunsch@uriah.heep.sax.de> -John Dyson - <formerly dyson@ref.tfs.com> -John Woods <jfw@eddie.mit.edu> -Jordan K. Hubbard <jkh@whisker.hubbard.ie> -Julian Elischer <julian@dialix.oz.au> -Julian Stacey <stacey@guug.de> <fallback: <julian@meepmeep.pcs.com>> -Karl Lehenbauer <karl@NeoSoft.com> <karl@one.neosoft.com> -Keith Bostic <bostic@toe.CS.Berkeley.EDU> -Ken Hughes -Kent Talarico <kent@shipwreck.tsoft.net> -Kevin Lahey <kml%rokkaku.UUCP@mathcs.emory.edu> <kml@mosquito.cis.ufl.edu> -Marc Frajola <marc@dev.com> -Mark Tinguely <tinguely@plains.nodak.edu> <tinguely@hookie.cs.ndsu.NoDak.edu> -Martin Renters <martin@innovus.com> -Michael Galassi <nerd@percival.rain.com> -Mike Durkin <mdurkin@tsoft.sf-bay.org> -Nate Williams <nate@bsd.coe.montana.edu> -Nick Handel <nhandel@NeoSoft.com> <nick@madhouse.neosoft.com> -Pace Willisson <pace@blitz.com> -Paul Kranenburg <pk@cs.few.eur.nl> -Paul Mackerras <paulus@cs.anu.edu.au> -Paul Popelka <paulp@uts.amdahl.com> -Peter da Silva <peter@NeoSoft.com> -Phil Sutherland <philsuth@mycroft.dialix.oz.au> -Ralf Friedl <friedl@informatik.uni-kl.de> -Rick Macklem <root@snowhite.cis.uoguelph.ca> -Robert D. Thrush <rd@phoenix.aii.com> -Rodney W. Grimes <rgrimes@cdrom.com> -Rog Egge <?> -Sascha Wildner <swildner@channelz.GUN.de> -Scott Burris <scott@pita.cns.ucla.edu> -Scott Reynolds <scott@clmqt.marquette.mi.us> -Sean Eric Fagan <sef@kithrup.com> -Simon J Gerraty <sjg@melb.bull.oz.au> <sjg@zen.void.oz.au> -Stephen McKay <syssgm@devetir.qld.gov.au> -Terry Lambert <terry@icarus.weber.edu> -Terry Lee <terry@uivlsi.csl.uiuc.edu> -Warren Toomey <wkt@csadfa.cs.adfa.oz.au> -Wiljo Heinen <wiljo@freeside.ki.open.de> -William Jolitz <withheld> -Wolfgang Solfrank <ws@tools.de> -Wolfgang Stanglmeier <wolf@dentaro.GUN.de> -Yuval Yarom <yval@cs.huji.ac.il> - -Last, but not least, the release engineer would like to thank: - His Wife, for chocolate chip cookies, and some other things. - The DGB project @ TFS, for patience and tolerance. - -$Id: CONTRIB.FreeBSD,v 1.23 1995/08/31 15:17:02 jkh Exp $ diff --git a/share/FAQ/Text/ESDI.FAQ b/share/FAQ/Text/ESDI.FAQ deleted file mode 100644 index 8d86924..0000000 --- a/share/FAQ/Text/ESDI.FAQ +++ /dev/null @@ -1,187 +0,0 @@ - FreeBSD - Using "Mature Technology" (MFM, ESDI) hard drives - -First, please read and make sure that you understand the "diskspace" FAQ. - -The term "partition" has become overloaded when referring to an area of a -hard disk drive. I will use "slice" in this document to refer to an area -which is a "partition" to DOS FDISK. This usage is consistent with most of -current FreeBSD. I will use the word "partition" to refer to an area de- -fined by a FreeBSD disklabel, of which there is one per FreeBSD slice. The -FreeBSD partitions may contain filesystems, swap space, or be available as -raw disk devices to applications. - -This document covers the steps you will need to perform before starting the -FreeBSD installation and which are specific to these types of disk drives. - -1 Disk layout planning -2 Disk installation (may already be done) -3 Low-level formatting (may or may not be required) - -If your drive is installed and formatted properly, careful planning is all -that you need to do. - -During the installation, there is only one special step that is required. -This is also one place where the FreeBSD taxonomic convention breaks down --- the assignment of slices is called "Partitioning" in the FreeBSD proce- -dures at the time of this writing. During that step, when you assign the -FDISK slices, be sure to specify that the bad144 lists should be created -(the "B" command). - -1 Disk layout planning ----------------------- - -To be able to make the right decisions regarding the setup of slices for -FreeBSD, you need to understand that the initial boot stages for FreeBSD -rely on the ROM BIOS, but that the ROM BIOS is not used in any way once the -FreeBSD kernel is loaded. After the kernel is loaded, it uses its own -driver instead of the BIOS to access the disk. - -These older disks do not do automatic bad block management. Some con- -trollers seem to do so, but this is a feature of the ROM BIOS on that con- -troller, and therefore is not available once FreeBSD is running. Other -controllers use a different method of bad sector handling (slipping), but -this feature can also induce translations in the sectoring which will pre- -vent successful installation. Do not use automatic sector mapping or sec- -tor slipping, even if it is supported on the controller, for the same rea- -sons that you cannot use a translated disk geometry. - -To be able to use these drives, the driver has to be able to substitute -good sectors for the bad ones. The FreeBSD filesystems assume "perfect" -disks, so the bad sector handling is done in the driver. The way this is -done is that a few copies of the list of bad sectors is kept at the end of -the slice. When a slice is opened, this list is read and kept in the driv- -er. On every access to the drive, the list is consulted to see if a sub- -stitute sector, also from the end of the slice, must be used rather than -the sector that the filesystem or application is actually asking for. This -list is called the bad144 list, which name comes from a Digital Equipment -Corporation standard for keeping this information. - -There are three reasons that you would be required to use more than one -FreeBSD slice on your disk, and all of them are more probable the larger -your drive is. - -1) The FreeBSD portion of your drive will extend beyond cylinder 1023. -2) The FreeBSD portion of your drive has (or is likely to have) more than - 126 bad sectors. -3) You need more than 7 filesystems for FreeBSD. - -It is not sufficient to make sure that the entire boot filesystem is inside -of cylinder 1024, unless it just so happens that that filesystem occupies a -flawless part of the disk. To be able to read the bad144 list during the -boot process (via the ROM BIOS), the end of the slice must be within the -first 1024 cylinders. There are also some boot managers, e.g. the OS/2 -boot manager, that require a bootable slice to be entirely below cylinder -1024. - -The bad144 data format only allows for 126 sectors to be mapped. If your -drive is large, it could easily have more than this many over its entire -size. I have a 320 Mb drive which is unusually error-filled, but still -within acceptable tolerances, and it has this problem (but it also has more -than 1024 cylinders, so I'd have had to split it, anyway). - -The FreeBSD disk label has room for 8 partitions. It is not recommended -that filesystems be placed on partitions b or c, even on non-booted slices, -so that leaves 6 partitions within each slice which may contain filesys- -tems. Older versions of FreeBSD did not support filesystems on partition d -either, but the slice-handling capability has eliminated that restriction. -It may be best to avoid using partition d if you can for compatibility pur- -poses. The installation procedures skip from a to e for this reason. - -2 Disk installation -------------------- - -Physical installation is outside the scope of this document. Consult the -documentation provided by your computer, controller, and disk drive ven- -dor(s). - -3 Low-level formatting ----------------------- - -If you are starting from scratch, you may need to low-level format your -drive(s). If you have been using your drive with the intended controller -for DOS or some other system, and will not be changing the physical orien- -tation of the drive, then you can skip this step. If the drive is new, if -you are changing the physical orientation of the drive, or it has been used -with a different controller, you may need to do the low-level format. Be -aware that some drives have jumpers on them to help compensate for changes -in physical orientation (horizontal, right side, or left side), but it is -highly recommended that, if you are changing the physical orientation of -the drive, you redo the low-level format. The "sag" of the disk head arma- -ture and other effects of gravity are quite significant at the sizes of the -bits and tracks on these drives. The greater the capacity of your drive, -the more critical this becomes. With 10-40Mb MFM drives, you may get away -with it. Beyond that, you are definitely rolling dice. - -The MFM drive format is standard, and a drive formatted on one manufacturer -and model of controller should work just fine on another, but ESDI drive -formats vary between manufacturers and sometimes even between models. A -new ESDI drive (yes, they can still be found new in the box, years old), or -one that has been in use on a different controller or in a different physi- -cal orientation will definitely require reformatting. - -As the ESDI specification developed, the ability to put the error map in- -formation (Manufacturer's Defect List, or MDL) on the drive was added. -Since it was not known how the drive would be formatted, or even what the -size of the data part of the sectors would be, each bad spot is expressed -as bytes from the index and length of the bad area in bits. This informa- -tion is recorded in a few different cylinders on each track and contains -only information pertinent to the corresponding head. The most universal -place for this information is in the last cylinder. Later ESDI drives sup- -port a "phantom" cylinder at 0xfff (4095) where this information is kept -- -the actual location of this cylinder is beyond the "last" cylinder reported -for data use. If your drive does not support cylinder 0xfff, or if your -controller doesn't know how to use it, and if you wish to preserve the man- -ufacturer's defect list, do not format the last cylinder of your drive. -The format of the MDL is such that regular data operations will not work on -a track containing that information. - -As a further caveat, it as been observed that some controllers hang if the -MDL area is accessed for data use, while others simply report an error and -go on with life. You will want to be careful to not include the MDL area -in any FreeBSD slice, but you will want to be especially careful in case -your controller is one of those that hangs if you miss. - -Now that you have decided how much of the drive to format, you can proceed -with the actual format process. How this is done varies widely from con- -troller to controller. For most of them, you need to jump into a special -location in the controller ROM using the DOS DEBUG program. For a few, -special software is provided on diskette for the controller. Because these -procedures and the ways to initiate them vary so much, it is outside of the -scope of this document to describe them. Consult the manufacturer's docu- -mentation for this procedure. - -Many of the controllers have the ability to read and use the MDL. Even -though you cannot use the controller's bad block mapping capability, which -is supported through the BIOS, it may be beneficial to allow the controller -to use this information during the format process. When the drive was -tested at the factory, it was tested at the operating margins, not just op- -timal conditions. Therefore, there may be entries in the MDL that would be -missed by a run-of-the-mill data scan. If the controller is permitted to -use the MDL during formatting, many of them will format the sector with a -special flag set in the sector preamble to guarantee that that sector will -show up as bad on a read. This is, in fact, the mechanism that some con- -trollers use to handle bad sector mapping, though FreeBSD does not use the -same mechanism. We can take advantage of this feature as a 'round about -way to get the MDL represented in the bad144 list. Having the sectors -which contain a bad spot formatted as bad will make certain that you don't -use a sector where some data patterns may fail even though the initial scan -passed that sector as OK. Even if the sector doesn't produce hard errors, -it may cause soft (correctable) errors and time-consuming retries. - -Finally, FreeBSD ----------------- - -Having made your careful plans and preparations, you are ready to use -FreeBSD on your MFM or ESDI disk drive. Don't forget to request bad block -scanning during the "Partition" slice assignment, and you should be on your -way to satisfying computing. Be prepared to allow time for the bad block -scan to take place. Depending on a variety of system parameters, such as -CPU speed, controller type, disk rotational and seek speeds, and so forth, -this process will take anywhere from several minutes to hours. If you for- -get to do the scan, it is likely that the installation will fail trying to -make the filesystems, and if it should make the filesystems, it will surely -fail when you start using them. - - John Lind, Starfire Consulting Services -E-mail: john@starfire.MN.ORG USnail: PO Box 17247, Mpls MN 55417 diff --git a/share/FAQ/Text/FreeBSD.FAQ b/share/FAQ/Text/FreeBSD.FAQ deleted file mode 100644 index a4d6301..0000000 --- a/share/FAQ/Text/FreeBSD.FAQ +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1307 +0,0 @@ - - FreeBSD - Frequently Asked Questions - For Version 2.0 - -Please mail all suggestions and additions to <FAQ@FreeBSD.ORG> - - -Revision: $Id: FreeBSD.FAQ,v 1.4 1995/04/09 07:02:03 jkh Exp $ - -All entries are assumed to be relevant to FreeBSD 2.0. -Any entries with a <XXX> are under construction. - - -Table of Contents ------------------ - -0 Preface -1 Installation -2 Hardware Compatibility -3 Commercial applications -4 User Applications -5 Miscellaneous Questions -6 Kernel Configuration -7 System Administration -8 Networking -9 Serial Communications - - - -0 Preface ---------- - -Welcome to the FreeBSD 2.0 FAQ! This document tries to answer some of -the most frequently asked questions about FreeBSD 2.0. -If there's something you're having trouble with and you do not see it -here, please send email to: - - <questions@FreeBSD.ORG> - - -Some of the instructions here will also refer to auxiliary utilities -in the /usr/src/share/FAQ directory. CDROM purchasers and net folks -who've grabbed the FreeBSD 2.0 `srcdist' will have these files. If -you don't have the source distribution, then you can either grab the -whole thing from: - - ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.ORG/pub/FreeBSD/FreeBSD-current - -Or you can grab only those files you're interested in straight out of -the FreeBSD-current distribution in: - - ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.ORG/pub/FreeBSD/FreeBSD-current/src - -0.1: What is FreeBSD? - -FreeBSD 2.0 is a UN*X type operating system based on U.C. Berkeley's -4.4BSD-lite release for the i386 platform. It is also based indirectly -on William Jolitz's port of U.C. Berkeley's Net/2 to the i386, 386BSD. -There have been many additions and bug fixes made throughout -the entire system, some of the highlights of which are: - - More robust and extensive PC device support - System V-style IPC, messaging and semaphores - Shared Libraries - Much improved virtual memory code - Better console driver support - Network booting (diskless) support - Yellow Pages support - Full support of the PCI bus - Loadable kernel modules - Too many additional utilities and applications to mention - -<2.X-Current> - Serial Console Support - Merged VM/Buffer Cache - On demand PPP - Sync PPP - Improved SCSI support - - -0.2: What are the FreeBSD mailing lists, and how can I get on them? - -The following mailing lists are provided for FreeBSD users and -developers. For more information, send to -<majordomo@FreeBSD.ORG> and include a single line saying -``help'' in the body of your message. - -announce: For announcements concerning FreeBSD. Low traffic. Subscribe! -hackers: Useful for persons wishing to work on the internals. -questions: General questions on FreeBSD - questioners and question-answerers - please! -bugs: Where bug reports should be sent. -SCSI: Mailing list for SCSI developers. -current: This list is for persons wishing to run FreeBSD-current - and carries announcements and discussions on current. This list - is *mandatory* if you run -current! -security: Information on issues dealing with system security. -platforms: Deals with ports to non-Intel platforms -ports: Discussion of /usr/ports/??? -fs: Discussion of FreeBSD Filesystems -hardware: Discussion on hardware requirements for FreeBSD. - -The FreeBSD-commit list has been broken up into groups dealing with different -areas of interest. Please see the FreeBSD mailing list FAQ in: - - /usr/share/FAQ/mailing-list.FAQ - - -0.3: What are the various FreeBSD news groups? - -There are two newsgroups currently dedicated to FreeBSD: - -comp.unix.bsd.freebsd.announce: For announcements -comp.unix.bsd.freebsd.misc: General discussion - - -The following newsgroups may also be of interest to general BSD -enthusiasts: - -comp.unix.bsd: General BSD topics -comp.os.386bsd.*: Ongoing, active FreeBSD discussions - (probably only for a short time longer). - - - -1 Installation --------------- - -1.1: I want to install FreeBSD onto a SCSI disk that has more than - 1024 cylinders. How do I do it? - -This depends. If you don't have DOS (or another operating system) on -the system, you can just keep the drive in native mode and simply make -sure that your root partition is below 1024 so the BIOS can boot the -kernel from it. It you also have DOS/some other OS on the drive then -your best bet is to find out what parameters that it thinks you have -before installing FreeBSD. When FreeBSD's installation procedure -prompts you for these values, you should then enter them rather than -simply going with the defaults. - -There is a freely available utility distributed with FreeBSD called -`pfdisk' (located in the tools/dos-tools subdirectory) which can be used for -this purpose. - - -1.2: When I boot FreeBSD it says ``Missing Operating System''. - -See question 1.2. This is classically a case of FreeBSD and DOS or -some other OS conflicting over their ideas of disk geometry. You will -have to reinstall FreeBSD, but obeying the instructions given above -will almost always get you going. - -1.3: When I install the boot manager and try to boot FreeBSD for the - first time, it just comes back with the boot manager prompt again. - -This is another symptom of the problem described in 1.2. Your -BIOS geometry and FreeBSD geometry settings do not agree! If your -controller or BIOS supports cylinder translation (often marked -as ">1GB drive support"), try toggling its setting and reinstalling -FreeBSD. - -1.4: I have an IDE drive with lots of bad blocks on it and FreeBSD doesn't - seem to install properly. - -FreeBSD's bad block (bad144) handling is still not 100% (to put it -charitably) and it must unfortunately be said that if you've got an -IDE or ESDI drive with lots of bad blocks, then FreeBSD is probably -not for you! That said, it does work on thousands of IDE based -systems, so you'd do well to try it first before simply giving up. - -IDE drives are *supposed* to come with built-in bad-block remapping; -if you have documentation for your drive, you may want to see if this -feature has been disabled on your drive. However, ESDI, RLL, and -ST-506 drives normally do not do this. - -1.5: I have 32MB of memory, should I expect any special problems? - -No. FreeBSD 2.0 comes with bounce buffers which allows your bus -mastering controller access to greater than 16MB. - -1.6: Do I need to install the complete sources? - -In general, no. However, we would strongly recommend that you -install, at a minimum, the `base' source kit, which includes several -of the files mentioned here, and the `sys' (kernel) source kit, which -includes sources for the kernel. There is nothing in the system which -requires the presence of the sources to operate, however, except for -the kernel-configuration program config(8). With the exception of the -kernel sources, our build structure is set up so that you can -read-only mount the sources from elsewhere via NFS and still be able -to make new binaries. (Because of the kernel-source restriction, we -recommend that you not mount this on /usr/src directly, but rather in -some other location with appropriate symbolic links to duplicate the -top-level structure of the source tree.) - -Having the sources on-line and knowing how to build a system with them -will make it much easier for you to upgrade to future releases of -FreeBSD. - -1.7: DES encryption software can not be exported from the United - States. If I live outside the US, how can I encrypt passwords? - -If it is not absolutely imperative that you use DES style encryption, -you can use FreeBSD's default encryption for even _better_ security, -and with no export restrictions. FreeBSD 2.0's password default -scrambler is now MD5 based, and is more CPU-intensive to crack -with an automated password cracker than DES. - -Since the DES encryption algorithm cannot legally be exported from the US, -non-US users should not download this software (as part of the secrdist) -from US FTP sites. - -There is however a replacement libcrypt available, based on sources -written in Australia by David Burren. This code is now available on -some non-US FreeBSD mirror sites. Sources for the unencumbered -libcrypt, and binaries of the programs which use it, can be obtained -from the following FTP sites: - - South Africa: braae.ru.ac.za:/pub/FreeBSD/securedist/ - owl.und.ac.za (currently uncertain) - Iceland: ftp.veda.is:/pub/crypt/FreeBSD/ - -The non-US securedist can be used as a direct replacement for the -encumbered US securedist. This securedist package is installed the -same way as the US package (see installation notes for details). If -you are going to install DES encryption, you should do so as soon as -possible, before installing other software. - -Non-US users should please not download any encryption software from -the USA. This can get the maintainers of the sites from which the -software is downloaded into severe legal difficulties. - -A non-US distribution of Kerberos is also being developed, and current -versions can generally be obtained by anonymous FTP from -braae.ru.ac.za. - -There is a mailing list for the discussion of non-US encryption -software. For more information, send an email message with a single -line saying ``help'' in the body of your message to -<majordomo@braae.ru.ac.za>. - - - -2 Hardware compatibility ------------------------- - -2.1: What kind of hard drives does FreeBSD run on? - -FreeBSD supports ST-506 (sometimes called ``MFM''), RLL, and ESDI -drives, which are usually connected to WD-1002, WD-1003, or WD-1006 -controllers (although clones should also work). - -FreeBSD also supports IDE and SCSI hard drives. - -2.2: What SCSI controllers are supported? - -FreeBSD supports the following SCSI controllers: - -Adaptec AH-154x Series <ISA> - AH-174x Series <EISA> - AH-152x Series <ISA> - Sound Blaster SCSI (AH-152x compat) <ISA> - AH-2742/2842 Series <ISA/EISA> - AH-2820/2822/2825 Series <VLB> -Buslogic BT-445 Series <VLB> (but see section 1.5) - BT-545 Series <ISA> - BT-742 Series <EISA> - BT-747 Series <EISA> - BT-964 Series <PCI> -Future Domain TMC-950 Series <ISA> -PCI Generic NCR 53C810 based controllers <PCI> -ProAudioSpectrum Zilog 5380 based controllers <ISA> -Seagate ST-01/02 Series <ISA> -UltraStor UH-14f Series <ISA> - UH-24f Series <EISA> - UH-34f Series <VLB> - -<2.X-Current Only> -Western Digital WD7000 <ISA> <No scatter/gather> -Adaptec AH-294x and aic7870 MB controllers <PCI> -ProAudioSpectrum Trantor 130 based controllers <ISA> - -2.3: What CD-ROM drives are supported by FreeBSD? - -Any SCSI drive connected to a supported controller. -Mitsumi LU002(8bit), LU005(16bit) and FX001D(16bit 2x Speed). - -<2.X-Current> -Sound Blaster Non-SCSI CD-ROM - -FreeBSD does not support any of the ``IDE'' CD-ROM interfaces. -All non-SCSI cards are known to be extremely slow compared to SCSI -drives. - -2.4: What multi-port serial cards are supported by FreeBSD? - -AST/4 -ARNET/8 -BOCA 4/8/16 port cards. -RISCom/8 - -<2.X-Current> -Cyclades 8/16 port <Alpha> - -Some unnamed clone cards have also been known to work,, especially those -that claim to be AST compatible. -Check the sio(4) man page to get more information on configuring such -cards. - - -2.5: Does FreeBSD support the AHA-2742/2842 SCSI adapters from Adaptec? - -Yes, though portions of the sources are currently GPL'd (that is to say, -distributed under the GNU Public License), so be aware of the fact should -you wish to distribute kernel binaries compiled with it - you MUST also -provide the sources to the driver with the kernel image to stay legal -with the GPL! This is easily enough done by simply including the contents -of /usr/src/sys/gnu/{aic7770,misc} on whatever media you distribute the -kernel. - -We are working to get the GPL restriction removed, but for now you should -at least be aware of it. - - -2.6: I have a Mumbleco bus mouse. Is it supported and if so, how do I set - it up for XFree86? - -FreeBSD supports the Logitech and ATI Inport bus mice. You need to -add the following line to the kernel config file and recompile for the -Logitech and ATI mice: - - device mse0 at isa? port 0x23c tty irq6 vector mseintr - - -2.7: I have a PS/2 mouse (`keyboard' mouse) [Alternatively: I have a - laptop with a track-ball mouse]. How do I use it? - - - -2.8: What types of tape drives are supported under FreeBSD? - -FreeBSD supports SCSI, QIC-02 and QIC-40/80 (Floppy based) tape -drives. This includes 8-mm (aka Exabyte) and DAT drives. - - -2.9: What sound cards are supported by FreeBSD? - -FreeBSD supports the SoundBlaster, SoundBlaster Pro, Pro Audio -Spectrum 16, AdLib and Gravis UltraSound sound cards. There is also -limited support for MPU-401 and compatible MIDI cards. The -SoundBlaster 16 and SoundBlaster 16 ASP cards are not yet supported. -NOTE: This is only for sound! This driver does not support CD-ROMs, -SCSI or joysticks on these cards. - - -2.10: What network cards does FreeBSD support? - -There is support for the following cards: - -`ed' driver: - NE2000 and 1000 - WD/SMC 8003, 8013 and Elite Ultra (8216) - 3Com 3c503 - And clones of the above - -`de' driver: - DEC and compatible PCI controllers. - -`le' driver: - DEC LANCE ethernet based controllers. - -`ie' driver: - AT&T EN100/StarLAN 10 - 3Com 3c507 - -`is' driver: - Isolan AT 4141-0 - Isolink 4110 - -`ep' driver: - 3com 3c509 (*) - -`el' driver: - 3com 3c501 (*) - -`ze' driver: - IBM PCMCIA credit card adapter - -`lnc' driver: - Unknown Lance based (*) - -<2.X-Current> - -`cx' driver - Cronyx/Sigma multiport Sync/Async (Cisco and PPP framing) - -`zp' driver - 3Com PCMCIA Etherlink III - -Note: Drivers marked with (*) are known to have problems. - -Note: We also support TCP/IP over parallel lines. At this point we are - incompatiable with other versions, but we hope to correct this in - the near future. - -2.11: I have a 386/486sx/486SLC machine without a math co-processor. - Will this cause me any problems? - -Generally no, but there are circumstances where you will take a hit, -either in performance or accuracy of the math emulation code (see -section 4.1). In particular, drawing arcs in X will be VERY slow. It -is highly recommended that you lay out the $50 or so for a math -co-processor; it's well worth it. NOTE: Some math co-processors are -better than others. It pains us to say it, but nobody ever got fired -for buying Intel. Unless you're sure it works with FreeBSD, beware of -clones. - -2.12: What other devices does 2.X support? - -Here is a listing of drivers that do not fit into any of the above areas. - -b004.c Driver for B004 compatiable Transputer boards -ctx.c Driver for CORTEX-I Frame grabber -gpib.c Driver for National Instruments AT-GPIB and AT-GPIB/TNT boards -pcaudio.c Driver for PC speakers to allow the playing of audio files -tw.c Driver for the X-10 POWERHOUSE - -<2.X-Current> -spigot.c Driver for the Creative Labs Video Spigot -gsc.c Driver for the Genuis GS-4500 Hand scanner -joy.c Driver for a joystick - -2.13: I am about to buy a new machine to run FreeBSD on and - want an idea of what other people are running. Is there list - of other systems anywhere? - -Yes. Please look at the file Systems.FAQ. This file -is a listing of hardware that people are running in their machines. -Please note, this is a raw listing of equipment that other users -have sent in, and does not constitute any kind of endorsement by the -FreeBSD Project. - -2.14: I have a lap-top with power management. Can FreeBSD take advantage - of this? - -Yes it can on certain machines. Please look in the LINT kernel config -file under APM. - - - -3 Commercial Applications -------------------------- - -Note: This section is still very sparse, though we're hoping, of -course, that companies will add to it! :) The FreeBSD group has no -financial interest in any of the companies listed here but simply -lists them as a public service (and feels that commercial interest in -FreeBSD can have very positive effects on FreeBSD's long-term -viability). We encourage commercial software vendors to send their -entries here for inclusion. - - -3.1: Where can I get Motif for FreeBSD? - -You can purchase Motif 1.2.3 for FreeBSD (SWiM) from the ACC Bookstore, -P.O. Box 3364, Westport CT. 06880. 1-800-546-7274 or FAX: 1-203-454-2582 - -This software works flawlessly for for FreeBSD 1.1.5 but has shown -one problem with 2.0 in that the "uil" program core dumps. This is -apparently because of the way uil is installed, and it's quite possible -that ACC will have a fixed version by the time you read this. No -other compatibility problems with the programs or libraries have been -found, and ACC can hardly be blamed for failing to work perfectly with -a brand-new release they haven't even seen yet! :) - - -3.2: Are there any commercial X servers for some of the high-end - graphics cards like the Matrox or #9 I-128, or offering 8/16/24 - bit deep pallettes? - -Yes, X Inside Incorporated sells their Accelerated-X product for -FreeBSD and other Intel based systems. - -This high performance X Server offers easy configuration, support -for multiple concurrent video boards and is distributed in binary -form only. - -Price is $99.50 (promotional price for Linux/FreeBSD version) for -the 1.1 version, which is available now. - -This product is for FreeBSD 1.1 and runs under 2.0 with the FreeBSD 1.1 -compatibility libs (`compat1xdist'). - -More info: URL http://www.xinside.com/ - or URL ftp://ftp.xinside.com/accelx/1.1/prodinfo.txt - or email info@xinside.com - or phone +1(303)384-9999 - - -3.3: Any other applications I might be interested in? - -RenderMorphics, Ltd. sells a high-speed 3D rendering package for -FreeBSD called "Reality Lab" (tm). Send email to info@render.com -or call: +44(0)71-251-4411 / FAX: +44(0)71-251-0939 - -This package is also for FreeBSD 1.1.5 but has been tested and shown -to run under FreeBSD 2.0 with the compat1xdist installed. - -Thanks must be extended to all of these companies for showing enough faith -in FreeBSD to port their products to it. While we get no direct benefit -from the sales of these products, the indirect benefits of FreeBSD -proving itself to be a successful platform for such commercial interests -will be immense! We wish these companies every measure of success, and -can only hope that others are encouraged to follow suit. - - -4 User Applications -------------------- - -4.1: I want to run X, how do I go about it? - -First, get the XFree86 distribution of X11R6 from XFree86.cdrom.com. -The version you want for FreeBSD 2.X and later is XFree86 3.1.1. Follow -the instructions for installation carefully. You may then wish to read -the documentation for the ConfigXF86 tool, which assists you in -configuring XFree86 for your particular graphics card/mouse/etc. - -You may also wish to investigate the Xaccel server, which is available -at a very reasonable price. See section 3.2 for more details. - -4.2: I've been trying to run ghostscript on a 386 (or 486sx) with no - math co-processor and I keep getting errors. What's up? - -You will need to add the alternate math emulator to your kernel, you do this -by adding the following to your kernel config file and it will be compiled in. - -options GPL_MATH_EMULATE - -NOTE: You will need to remove the MATH_EMULATE option when you do this. - - -4.2: I want all this neat software, but I haven't got the space or - CPU power to compile it all myself. Is there any way of getting - binaries? - -Yes. We support the concept of a `package', which is essentially a -gzipped binary distribution with a little extra intelligence embedded -in it for doing any custom installation work required. Packages can -also be installed or deinstalled again easily without having to know -the gory details. CDROM people will have a packages/ directory on -their CD, others can get the currently available packages from: - - ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.ORG/pub/FreeBSD/packages - -Note that all ports may not be available as packages, and that new -packages are constantly being added. It is always a good idea to -check periodically to see which packages are available. A README file -in the packages directory provides more details on the care and -feeding of the package software, so no explicit details will be given -here. - - - - -5 Miscellaneous Questions ----------------- - -5.1: I've heard of something called FreeBSD-current. How do I run it, and - where can I get more information? - -Read the file /usr/src/share/FAQ/current-policy.FAQ, -it will tell you all you need to know. - - -5.2: What is this thing called `sup', and how do I use it? - -SUP stands for Software Update Protocol, and was developed by CMU for -keeping their development trees in sync. We use it to keep remote -sites in sync with our central development sources. - -Unless you have direct internet connectivity, and don't care too much -about the cost/duration of the sessions, you shouldn't use sup. For -those "low/expensive-bandwidth" applications, we have developed CTM, -see 5.6 for more about that. - -To use it, you need to have direct internet connectivity (not just -mail or news). First, pick up the sup.tgz package from: - - ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.ORG/pub/FreeBSD/packages/sup.tgz - -Second, read the file /usr/src/share/FAQ/sup.FAQ. - -This file describes how to setup sup on your machine. You may also -want to look at /usr/src/share/FAQ/extras/*.supfile, or you may grab updated -supfiles from: - - ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.ORG//pub/FreeBSD/FAQ/extras - -which are a set of supfiles for supping from FreeBSD.ORG. - - -5.3: How do I create customized installation disks that I can give - out to other people at my site? - -The entire process of creating installation disks and source and -binary archives is automated by various targets in -/usr/src/etc/Makefile. The information there should be enough to get -you started. - -5.4: How do I re-build my system without clobbering the existing - installed binaries? - -If you define the environment variable DESTDIR while running `make -world' or `make install', the newly-created binaries will be deposited -in a directory tree identical to the installed one, rooted at -${DESTDIR}. Some random combination of shared libraries modifications -and program rebuilds can cause this to fail in `make world', however. - - -5.5: When my system booted, it told me that ``(bus speed defaulted)''. - What does that mean? - -The Adaptec 1542 SCSI host adapters allow the user to configure their -bus access speed in software. Previous versions of the 1542 driver tried -to determine the fastest usable speed and set the adapter to that. We -found that this breaks some users' systems, so you now have to define -the ``TUNE_1542''' kernel configuration option in order to have this -take place. Using it on those systems where it works may make your -disks run faster, but on those systems where it doesn't, your data could -be corrupted. - -5.6: I would like to track changes to current and do not have net access. - Is there any way besides downloading the whole tree? - -Yes, you can use the CTM facility. Check out the ctm.FAQ file or - ftp://freefall.cdrom.com/pub/CTM/README -for more information. - -5.7: How do I split up large binary files into smaller 240k files - like the distribution does? - -Newer BSD based systems have a "-b" option to split that allows them to -split files on arbitary byte bondaries. - -Here is an example from /usr/src/Makefile. -bin-tarball: - (cd ${DISTDIR}; \ - tar cf - . \ - gzip --no-name -9 -c | \ - split -b 240640 - \ - ${RELEASEDIR}/tarballs/bindist/bin_tgz.) - - -<XXX> 5.8: I've had a couple of system panics and would like to be able - browse the system dumps. The normal kernel is stripped and - I don't want to run a bloated kernel. What can I do? - -5.9: I just got a Perl application and it's bombing looking for - *.ph. Where is it? - -There was a minor SNAFU in the 2.0-R bindist and they got left out. -If you have the source, you just have to do a "make install" from -/usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/perl/lib and everything will be fine. Or you -may ftp to phoenix-gw.gbdata.com and grab them from ~/pub/perl/libs.tar.gz. - -5.10: I've got this neato kernel extension I just know everyone will - will want. How do I get it included into the distribution? - -Please take a look at the FAQ for submiting code to FreeBSD at: - - ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.ORG/pub/FreeBSD/FAQ/submitters.FAQ - -And thanks for the thought. - - -6 Kernel Configuration ----------------------- - -6.0: Ok, so how DO I compile my own kernel, anyway? - -Before you can compile a kernel, you need either the complete srcdist -or, at the minimum, the kerndist loaded on your system. This provides -the necessary sources for building the kernel, as we have a policy of -NOT shipping our kernels in linkable object form as most commercial -UNIX vendors do. Shipping the source takes a bit more space, but it also -means that you can refer to the actual kernel sources in case of difficulty -or to further your understanding of what's *actually* happening. - -Anyway, to answer the question, once you have the kerndist or srcdist -loaded, do this: - - 6.0.1: cd /usr/src/sys/i386/conf - 6.0.2: cp GENERIC MYKERNEL - 6.0.3: vi MYKERNEL - 6.0.4: config MYKERNEL - 6.0.5: cd ../../compile/MYKERNEL - 6.0.6: make all - 6.0.7: make install - 6.0.8: reboot - -Step 6.0.2 may not be necessary if you already have a kernel configuration -file from a previous release of FreeBSD 2.x. - simply bring your old one -over and check it carefully for any drivers that may have changed boot -syntax or been rendered obsolete. - -A good kernel config file to look into is LINT, which contains entries for -*all* possible kernel options and documents them fairly well. The GENERIC -kernel config file is used to build the initial release you probably loaded -(unless you upgraded in-place) and contains entries for the most common -configurations. It's a pretty good place to start from. - -If you don't need to make any changes to GENERIC, you can also skip step -6.0.3, where you customize the kernel for your configuration. Step 6.0.7 -should only be undertaken if step 6.0.6 succeeds. This will copy -the new kernel image to /kernel and BACK UP YOUR OLD ONE IN /kernel.old! -It's very important to remember this in case the new kernel fails to work -for some reason - you can still select /kernel.old at the boot prompt to -boot the old one. When you reboot, the new kernel will boot by default. - -If the compile in 6.0.6 falls over for some reason, then it's recommended -that you start from step 6.0.4 but substitute GENERIC for MYKERNEL. If you -can generate a GENERIC kernel, then it's likely something in your special -configuration file that's bad (or you've uncovered a bug!). If the build -of the GENERIC kernel does NOT succeed, then it's very likely that your -sources are somehow corrupted. - -Finally, if you need to see your original boot messages again to compile -a new kernel that's better tailored to your hardware, try the `dmesg' command. -It should print out all the boot-time messages printed by your old kernel, -some of which may be quite helpful in configuring the new one. - - -6.1: When I compile a kernel with multi-port serial code, it tells me - that only the first port is probed and the rest skipped due to - interrupt conflicts. How do I fix this? - -The problem here is that FreeBSD has code built-in to keep the kernel -from getting trashed due to hardware or software conflicts. The way -to fix this is to leave out the IRQ settings on other ports besides -the first. Here is a example: - -# -# Multiport high-speed serial line - 16550 UARTS -# -device sio2 at isa? port 0x2a0 tty irq 5 flags 0x501 vector siointr -device sio3 at isa? port 0x2a8 tty flags 0x501 vector siointr -device sio4 at isa? port 0x2b0 tty flags 0x501 vector siointr -device sio5 at isa? port 0x2b8 tty flags 0x501 vector siointr - - -6.2: FreeBSD is supposed to come with support for QIC-40/80 drives but - when I look, I can't find it. - -You need to uncomment the following line in the generic config file -(or add it to your config file), make the change to the fdc0 line shown, -and recompile. - -controller fdc0 at isa? port "IO_FD1" bio irq 6 drq 2 vector fdintr flags 0x1 - ^^^^^^^^^ -disk fd0 at fdc0 drive 0 -disk fd1 at fdc0 drive 1 -#tape ft0 at fdc0 drive 2 -^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ - -You will have a device called /dev/ft0, which you can write to through -a special program to manage it called `ft' - see the man page on ft for -further details. Versions previous to -current also had some trouble dealing -wiht bad tape media; if you have trouble where ft seems to go back and forth -over the same spot, try grabbing the latest version of ft from /usr/src/sbin/ft -in current and try that. - - -6.3: Does FreeBSD support IPC primitives like those in System V? - -Yes, FreeBSD supports System V-style IPC. This includes shared -memory, messages and semaphores. You need to add the following lines -to your kernel config to enable them. - -options SYSVSHM -options "SHMMAXPGS=64" # 256Kb of sharable memory -options SYSVSEM # enable for semaphores -options SYSVMSG # enable for messaging - -Recompile and install. - - -6.4: Will FreeBSD ever support other architectures? - -Several different groups have expressed interest in working on -multi-architecture support for FreeBSD. If you are interested in -doing so, please contact the developers at -<FreeBSD-hackers@FreeBSD.ORG> for more information on our -strategy for porting. - - -6.5: I just wrote a device driver for a Foobar Systems, Inc. - Integrated Adaptive Gronkulator card. How do I get the - appropriate major numbers assigned? - -This depends on whether or not you plan on making the driver publicly -available. If you do, then please send us a copy of the driver source -code, plus the appropriate modifications to files.i386, a sample -configuration file entry, and the appropriate MAKEDEV code to create -any special files your device uses. If you do not, or are unable to -because of licensing restrictions, then character major number 32 and -block major number 8 have been reserved specifically for this purpose; -please use them. In any case, we'd appreciate hearing about your -driver on <FreeBSD-hackers@FreeBSD.ORG>. - - - -7 System Administration ------------------------ - -7.1: How do I add a user easily? I read the man page and am more confused - than ever! [Alternatively: I didn't read the man page, I never read - man pages! :-) ] - -Use the adduser command. - - -<XXX> 7.2: I'm trying to use my printer and keep running into problems. I tried - looking at /etc/printcap, but it's close to useless. Any ideas? - - - -8 Networking ------------- - - -8.2: I've heard that you can use a FreeBSD box as a dedicated network - router - is there any easy support for this? - -Internet standards and good engineering practice prohibit us from -providing packet forwarding by default in FreeBSD. You can enable -this support by adding `options GATEWAY' to your kernel configuration -file and recompiling. In most cases, you will also need to run a -routing process to tell other systems on your network about your -router; FreeBSD comes with the standard BSD routing daemon routed(8), -or for more complex situations you may want to try GateD (available by -FTP from gated.Cornell.edu) which supports FreeBSD as of 3_5Alpha7. - -It is our duty to warn you that, even when FreeBSD is configured in -this way, it does not completely comply with the Internet standard -requirements for routers; however, it comes close enough for ordinary -usage. - - -8.3: Does FreeBSD support SLIP and PPP? - -Yes. See the man pages for slattach(8) and/or pppd(8) if you're using -FreeBSD to connect to another site. If you're using FreeBSD as a -server for other machines, look at the man page for sliplogin(8). -You may also want to take a look at the slip FAQ in: - /usr/src/share/FAQ/Slip.FAQ - -8.4: How do I get my network set up? I don't see how to make my - /dev/ed0 device! - -In the Berkeley networking framework, network interfaces are only -directly accessible by kernel code. Please see the /etc/netstart file -and the manual pages for the various network programs mentioned there -for more information. If this leaves you totally confused, then you -should pick up a book describing network administration on another -BSD-related operating system; with few significant exceptions, -administering networking on FreeBSD is basically the same as on SunOS -4.0 or Ultrix. - -8.5: How do I get my 3C503 to use the other network port? - -Use `ifconfig ed0' to see whether the ALTPHYS flag is set, and then -use either `ifconfig ed0 altphys' if it was off, or `ifconfig ed0 --altphys' if it was on. - -8.6: I'm having problems with NFS to/from FreeBSD and my Wuffotronics - Workstation / generic NFS appliance, where should I look first? - -Certain PC network cards are better than others (to put it mildly) and -can sometimes cause problems with network intensive applications like -NFS. See /usr/src/share/FAQ/NFS.FAQ for more information on this -topic. - -8.8: I want to enable IP multicast support on my FreeBSD box, how do I do it? - [Alternatively: What the heck IS multicasting and what applications - make use of it?] - -Multicast host operations are fully supported in FreeBSD 2.0 by default. -If you want your box to run as a multicast router, you will need to load -the ip_mroute_mod loadable kernel module and run mrouted. - -For more information: - -Product Description Where ---------------- ----------------------- --------------------------------------- -faq.txt Mbone FAQ ftp.isi.edu:/mbone/faq.txt -imm/immserv IMage Multicast ftp.hawaii.edu:/paccom/imm.src.tar.Z - for jpg/gif images. -nv Network Video. ftp.parc.xerox.com: - /pub/net-reseach/exp/nv3.3alpha.tar.Z -vat LBL Visual Audio Tool. ftp.ee.lbl.gov: - /conferencing/vat/i386-vat.tar.Z -wb LBL White Board. ftp.ee.lbl.gov: - /conferencing/wb/i386-wb.tar.Z -mmcc MultiMedia Conference ftp.isi.edu: - Control program /confctrl/mmcc/mmcc-intel.tar.Z -rtpqual Tools for testing the ftp.psc.edu:/pub/net_tools/rtpqual.c - quality of RTP packets. -vat_nv_record Recording tools for vat ftp.sics.se:archive/vat_nv_record.tar.Z - and nv. - - - -9 Serial Communications ------------------------ - -This section answers common questions about serial communications with -FreeBSD. - -9.1: How do I tell if FreeBSD found my serial ports or modem cards? - -As the FreeBSD kernel boots, it will probe for the serial ports in -your system for which the kernel was configured. You can either watch -your system closely for the messages it prints or run the command - - dmesg | grep sio - -after your system's up and running. - -Here's some example output from the above command: - - sio0 at 0x3f8-0x3ff irq 4 on isa - sio0: type 16550A - sio1 at 0x2f8-0x2ff irq 3 on isa - sio1: type 16550A - -This shows two serial ports. The first is on irq 4, is using port -address 0x3f8, and has a 16550A-type UART chip. The second uses the -same kind of chip but is on irq 3 and is at port address 0x2f8. -Internal modem cards are treated just like serial ports---except that -they always have a modem ``attached'' to the port. - -The GENERIC kernel includes support for two serial ports using the -same irq and port address settings in the above example. If these -settings aren't right for your system, or if you've added modem cards -or have more serial ports than your kernel is configured for, just -reconfigure your kernel. See section 7 of the FAQ for more details. - -9.2: How do I access the serial ports once FreeBSD is running? - -The third serial port, sio2 (known as COM3 in DOS), is on /dev/tty02 -for directly-connected devices, on /dev/cuaa2 for dial-out devices, -and on /dev/ttyd2 for dial-in devices. What's the difference between -these three classes of devices? - -You use ttyXX for directly-connected or hardwired devices, like -printers or terminals. - -In place of ttyXX, you can use the pair of devices cuaaX and ttydX. -You use ttydX for dial-ins. The ttydX device acts like the ttyXX -device, but it also uses the modem control lines. When opening -/dev/ttydX in blocking mode, a process will wait for the corresponding -cuaaX device to become inactive, and then wait for the carrier detect -line to go active. When you open the cuaaX device, it makes sure the -serial port isn't already in use by the ttydX device. If the port's -available, it ``steals'' it from the ttydX device. Also, the cuaaX -device doesn't care about carrier detect. With this scheme and an -auto-answer modem, you can have remote users log in and you can still -dialout with the same modem and the system will take care of all the -conflicts. - -9.3: How do I configure the kernel for my multiport serial card? - -Again, the section on kernel configuration provides information about -configuring your kernel. For a multiport serial card, place an sio -line for each serial port on the card in the kernel configuration -file. But place the irq and vector specifiers on only one of the -entries. All of the ports on the card should share one irq. For -consistency, use the last serial port to specify the irq. Also, -specify the COM_MULTIPORT option. - -The following example is for an AST 4-port serial card on irq 7: - - options "COM_MULTIPORT" - device sio4 at isa? port 0x2a0 tty flags 0x781 - device sio5 at isa? port 0x2a8 tty flags 0x781 - device sio6 at isa? port 0x2b0 tty flags 0x781 - device sio7 at isa? port 0x2b8 tty flags 0x781 irq 7 vector siointr - -The flags indicate that the master port has minor number 7 (0x700), -diagnostics enabled during probe (0x080), and all the ports share an -irq (0x001). - -9.4: I have two multiport serial cards that can share irqs. Can - FreeBSD handle this? - -Not yet. You'll have to use a different irq for each card. - -9.5: What's the difference between tty01, ttyi01, and ttyl01? Or, - how can I set the default serial parameters for a port? - -The ttyXX (or cuaaX or ttydX) device is the regular device you'll want -to open for your applications. When a process opens the device, it'll -have a default set of terminal I/O settings. You can see these -settings with the command - - stty -a -f /dev/tty01 - -When you change the settings to this device, the settings are in -effect until the device is closed. When it's reopened, it goes back -to the default set. To make changes to the default set, you can open -and adjust the settings of the ``initial state'' device. For example, -to turn on CLOCAL mode, 8 bits, and XON/XOFF flow control by default -for tty05, do: - - stty -f /dev/ttyi05 clocal cs8 ixon ixoff - -A good place to do this is in /etc/rc.serial. Now, an application -will have these settings by default when it opens tty05. It can still -change these settings to its liking, though. - -You can also prevent certain settings from being changed by an -application by making adjustments to the ``lock state'' device. For -example, to lock the speed of tty05 to 57600 bps, do - - stty -f /dev/ttyl05 57600 - -Now, an application that opens tty05 and tries to change the speed of -the port will be stuck with 57600 bps. - -Naturally, you should make the initial state and lock state devices -writable only by root. The MAKEDEV script does NOT do this when it -creates the device entries. - -9.6: How can I enable dialup logins on my modem? - -So you want to become an Internet service provider, eh? First, you'll -need one or more modems that can autoanswer. Your modem will need to -assert carrier-detect when it detects a carrier and not assert it all -the time. It will need to hang up the phone and reset itself when the -data terminal ready (DTR) line goes from on to off. It should -probably use RTS/CTS flow control or no local flow control at all. -Finally, it must use a constant speed between the computer and itself, -but (to be nice to your callers) it should negotiate a speed between -itself and the remote modem. - -For many Hayes command-set--compatible modems, this command will -make these settings and store them in nonvolatile memory: - - AT &C1 &D3 &K3 &Q6 S0=1 &W - -See 9.10 below for information on how to make these settings without -resorting to an MS-DOS terminal program. - -Next, make an entry in /etc/ttys for the modem. This file lists all -the ports on which the operating system will await logins. Add a line -that looks something like this: - - ttyd1 "/usr/libexec/getty std.57600" dialup on insecure - -This line indicates that the second serial port (/dev/ttyd1) has a -modem connected running at 57600 bps and no parity (std.57600, which -comes from the file /etc/gettytab). The terminal type for this port -is ``dialup.'' The port is ``on'' and is ``insecure''---meaning root -logins on the port aren't allowed. For dialin ports like this one, -use the ttydX entry. - -It's common practice to use ``dialup'' as the terminal type. Many -users set up in their .profile or .login files a prompt for the actual -terminal type if the starting type is dialup. The example shows the -port as insecure. To become root on this port, you have to login as a -regular user, then ``su'' to root. If you use ``secure'' then root -can login in directly. - -After making modifications to /etc/ttys, you need to send a hangup or -HUP signal to the init process: - - kill -1 1 - -This forces the init process to reread /etc/ttys. The init process -will then start getty processes on all ``on'' ports. You can find out -if logins are available for your port by typing - - ps -ax | grep '[t]tyd1' - -You should see something like: - - 747 ?? I 0:00.04 /usr/libexec/getty std.57600 ttyd1 - -9.7: How can I make my spare computer a dumb terminal connected to my - FreeBSD box? - -If you're using another computer as a terminal into your FreeBSD -system, get a null modem cable to go between the two serial ports. If -you're using an actual terminal, see its accompanying instructions. - -Then, modify /etc/ttys, like above. For example, if you're hooking up -a WYSE-50 terminal to the fifth serial port, use an entry like this: - - tty04 "/usr/libexec/getty std.38400" wyse50 on secure - -This example shows that the port on /dev/tty04 has a wyse50 terminal -connected at 38400 bps with no parity (std.38400 from /etc/gettytab) -and root logins are allowed (secure). For directly-connected -terminals, use the ttyXX entry. - -9.8: Why can't I run tip or cu? - -On your system, the programs tip and cu are probably executable only -by uucp and group dialer. You can use the group dialer to control who -has access to your modem or remote systems. Just add yourself to -group dialer. - -Alternatively, you can let everyone on your system run tip and cu by -typing: - - chmod 4511 /usr/bin/tip - -You don't have to run this command for cu, since cu is just a hard -link to tip. - -9.9: My stock Hayes modem isn't supported---what should I do? - -Actually, the man page for tip is out of date. There is a generic -Hayes dialer already built in. Just use ``at=hayes'' in your -/etc/remote file. - -The Hayes driver isn't smart enough to recognize some of the advanced -features of newer modems---messages like BUSY, NO DIALTONE, or CONNECT -115200 will just confuse it. You should turn those messages off when -you use tip (using ATX0&W). - -Also, the dial timeout for tip is 60 seconds. Your modem should use -something less, or else tip will think there's a communication -problem. Try ATS7=45&W. - -9.10: How am I expected to enter these AT commands without - resorting to some DOS-based terminal program? - -Make what's called a ``direct'' entry in your /etc/remote file. For -example, if your modem's hooked up to the first serial port, -/dev/cuaa0, then put in the following line: - - cuaa0:dv=/dev/cuaa0:br#19200:pa=none - -Use the highest bps rate your modem supports in the br capability. -Then, type ``tip cuaa0'' and you'll be connected to your modem. - -If there is no /dev/cuaa0 on your system, do this: - - cd /dev - MAKEDEV cuaa0 - -9.11: Why doesn't the @ sign for the phone number capability work? - -The @ sign in the pn capability tells tip to look in /etc/phones for a -phone number. But the @ sign is also a special character in -capability files like /etc/remote. Escape it with a backslash: -``pn=\@''. - -9.12: How can I dial a phone number on the command line? - -Put what's called a ``generic'' entry in your /etc/remote file. For -example: - - tip115200|Dial any phone number at 115200 bps:\ - :dv=/dev/cuaa0:br#115200:at=hayes:pa=none:du: - tip57600|Dial any phone number at 57600 bps:\ - :dv=/dev/cuaa0:br#57600:at=hayes:pa=none:du: - -Then you can things like ``tip -115200 5551234''. If you prefer cu -over tip, use a generic cu entry: - - cu115200|Use cu to dial any number at 115200bps:\ - :dv=/dev/cuaa1:br#57600:at=hayes:pa=none:du: - -and type ``cu 5551234 -s 115200''. - -9.13: Great---but how can I do that without having to specify the bps - rate on the command line? - -Put in an entry for tip1200 or cu1200, but go ahead and use whatever -bps rate is appropriate with the br capability. tip thinks a good -default is 1200 bps which is why it looks for a ``tip1200'' entry. -You don't have to use 1200 bps, though. - -9.14: I want separate entries for various hosts I access through a - terminal server, but I don't want to type ``CONNECT <host>'' - each time once I'm connected. Can tip do that for me? - -Yes. Use the cm capability. For example, these entries in -/etc/remote: - - pain|pain.deep13.com|Forrester's machine:\ - :cm=CONNECT pain\n:tc=deep13: - muffin|muffin.deep13.com|Frank's machine:\ - :cm=CONNECT muffin\n:tc=deep13: - deep13:Gizmonics Institute terminal server:\ - :dv=/dev/cuaa2:br#38400:at=hayes:du:pa=none:pn=5551234: - -will let you type ``tip pain'' or ``tip muffin'' to connect to the -hosts pain or muffin; and ``tip deep13'' to get to the terminal -server. - -9.15: My university has 42 billion students but only 4 modem lines. - Can tip automatically try each line? - -Sure. Make an entry for your university in /etc/remote and use \@ for -the pn capability: - - big-university:\ - :pn=\@:tc=dialout - dialout:\ - :dv=/dev/cuaa3:br#9600:at=courier:du:pa=none: - -Then, list the phone numbers for the university in /etc/phones: - - big-university 5551111 - big-university 5551112 - big-university 5551113 - big-university 5551114 - -tip will try each one in the listed order, then give up. If you want -to keep retrying, run tip in a while loop. - -9.16: How come I have to hit CTRL+P twice to send CTRL+P once? - -CTRL+P is the default ``force'' character, used to tell tip that the -next character is literal data. You can set the force character to -any other character with the ~s escape, which means ``set a -variable.'' - -Type ``~sforce=<single-char>'' followed by a newline. <single-char> -is any single character. If you leave out <single-char>, then the -force character is the nul character, which you can get by typing -CTRL+2 or CTRL+SPACE. A pretty good value for <single-char> is -SHIFT+CTRL+6, which I've seen only used on some terminal servers. - -You can have the force character be whatever you want by specifying -the following in your $HOME/.tiprc file: - - force=<single-char> - -9.17: Suddenly everything I type is all UPPER CASE. What gives? - -You must've pressed CTRL+A, tip's ``raise character,'' specially -designed for people with broken caps-lock keys. Use ~s as above and -set the variable ``raisechar'' to something reasonable. In fact, you -can set it to the same as the force character, if you never expect to -use either of these features. - -Here's a sample .tiprc file perfect for Emacs users who need to type -CTRL+2 and CTRL+A a lot: - - force=^^ - raisechar=^^ - -The ^^ is SHIFT+CTRL+6. - -9.18: How can I do file transfers with tip? - -If you're talking to another UNIX system, you can send and receive -files with ~p (put) and ~t (take). These commands run ``cat'' and -``echo'' on the remote system to accept and send files. The syntax -is: - - ~p <local-file> [<remote-file>] - ~t <remote-file> [<local-file>] - -There's no error checking, so you probably should use another -protocol, like zmodem. - -9.19: Okay, how can I run zmodem with tip? - -To receive files, start the sending program on the remote end. Then, -type ``~C rz'' to begin receiving them locally. - -To send files, start the receiving program on the remote end. Then, -type ``~C sz <files>'' to send them to the remote system. - - - -NOTE: Anyone wishing to submit a FAQ entry on how to get tip and cu working - would have it much appreciated! We all use Kermit over here! :-) - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -If you see a problem with this FAQ, or wish to submit an entry, please -mail us at <FreeBSD-FAQ@FreeBSD.ORG>. We appreciate your -feedback, and cannot make this a better FAQ without your help! - - - FreeBSD Core Team - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ - -ACKNOWLEDGMENTS: - -Ollivier Robert - FreeBSD FAQ maintenance man -Gary Clark II - Ex-FreeBSD FAQ maintenance man -Jordan Hubbard - Janitorial services (I don't do windows) -Garrett Wollman - Networking and formatting -Robert Oliver, Jr. - Ideas and dumb questions (That made me think) -Jim Lowe - Multicast information -The FreeBSD Team - Kvetching, moaning, submitting data - -And to any others we've forgotten, apologies and heartfelt thanks! - diff --git a/share/FAQ/Text/HW.TROUBLE b/share/FAQ/Text/HW.TROUBLE deleted file mode 100644 index 86e3e42..0000000 --- a/share/FAQ/Text/HW.TROUBLE +++ /dev/null @@ -1,58 +0,0 @@ -$Id: HW.TROUBLE,v 1.3 1995/03/01 06:43:12 phk Exp $ - -This file lists hardware, which doesn't do what it should do. - -Due to the nature of FreeBSD, we do not have the resources to test all -possible kinds of hardware. We do however every now and then find, buy -or hear about hardware which doesn't work with FreeBSD or in general. - -This is that list. - -To be added to this list, a piece of hardware has to: - A: not do what it claims. -or - B: not do what common sense would expect it to. - -Only if performance claims are wildly of the mark will it be listed here. - -All entries must have a date and a mail-address associated with them, to -reflect when and by whom they were added. -For multifunctional devices, please indicate if other parts of the device -work OK, or are untested. -For mutual incompabilities, list both devices. -For SCSI and IDE-devices, list the string seen on boot of FreeBSD, if -possible, and trade name. -Infer format from other entries, Keep sorted by first line. - -Thankyou. - ---- -Controller, Data Technology DTC2280, "PC/AT Super I/O Card" -IDE interface can be set to secondary address, but doesn't work there. Suspect -Interrupt isn't moved along. Works fine on primary address. Other parts of -card not tested. -19940828 phk@freefall.cdrom.com ---- -IDE-disk, <WDC AC2540H>, "Western Digital Caviar 2540" -IDE-disk, <Maxtor 7345 AT>, "Maxtor 7345" -Cannot coexist on the same IDE-controller. -Jumpers not exhaustively experimented with, as neither of the companies -make sufficient information available. Disk works fine when alone on -IDE-controller. -19940828 phk@freefall.cdrom.com ---- -IDE-disk, <AC31000> "Western Digital Caviar 31000" -IDE-disk, <ST3550A> "Seagate ST3550A" -Western Digital AC31000 (Caviar 31000) 1080 meg IDE drive will not -co-exist with a Seagate ST3550A. -The Seagate as master causes a constant drive light and system lockup, -The WD will work fine alone or as master, but the Seagate is inaccessable -if configured as slave in this config. -19950221 jbryant@server.iadfw.net - -On Packard Bell computers with a BIOS Reference ID of less than 25, Packard -Bell will replace the BIOS at no charge. I waited, I got the bios, popped -the case, popped the chip, put in the new, and plugged in the drives. It -works. WD as master, seagate as slave. -19950228 jbryant@server.iadfw.net ---- diff --git a/share/FAQ/Text/MIRROR.SITES b/share/FAQ/Text/MIRROR.SITES deleted file mode 100644 index 96ed2ec..0000000 --- a/share/FAQ/Text/MIRROR.SITES +++ /dev/null @@ -1,145 +0,0 @@ - Mirror Sites - For FreeBSD 2.0 and later - -$Id: MIRROR.SITES,v 1.16 1995/08/05 02:04:18 jkh Exp $ - -The latest versions of FreeBSD (2.0 or later) are being mirrored at the -following locations: - -Country Site and Maintainer -======= ========================================================= -Australia ftp://ftp.physics.usyd.edu.au/FreeBSD - <dawes@xfree86.org> - -Australia ftp://minnie.cs.adfa.oz.au/FreeBSD - <wkt@dolphin.cs.adfa.oz.au> - -Canada ftp://ftp.synapse.net/contrib/FreeBSD - <evanc@synapse.net> - -Finland ftp://nic.funet.fi/pub/unix/FreeBSD - <count@nic.funet.fi> - -France ftp://ftp.ibp.fr/pub/FreeBSD - <Remy.Card@ibp.fr> - -Germany ftp://ftp.fb9dv.uni-duisburg.de/pub/unix/FreeBSD - <ftp@ftp.fb9dv.uni-duisburg.de> - -Germany ftp://gil.physik.rwth-aachen.de/pub/FreeBSD - <kuku@gil.physik.rwth-aachen.de> - -Germany ftp://ftp.uni-paderborn.de/freebsd - <ftp@uni-paderborn.de> - -Germany ftp://ftp.leo.org/pub/comp/os/bsd/FreeBSD - <bsd@leo.org> - -Germany ftp://ftp.tu-dresden.de/pub/soft/unix/bsd/FreeBSD - <pdsowner@rcs1.urz.tu-dresden.de> - -Ireland ftp://ftp.internet-eireann.ie/pub/FreeBSD - <ftpadmin@internet-eireann.ie> - -Israel ftp://orgchem.weizmann.ac.il/pub/FreeBSD - <serg@klara.weizmann.ac.il> - -Hong Kong ftp://ftp.hk.super.net/pub/FreeBSD - <ftp-admin@HK.Super.NET> - -Korea ftp://ftp.cau.ac.kr/pub/FreeBSD - <ftpadm@ftp.cau.ac.kr> - -Netherlands ftp://ftp.nl.net/pub/os/FreeBSD - <archive@nl.net> - -Russia ftp://ftp.kiae.su/FreeBSD - <ftp@ftp.kiae.su> - -Sweden ftp://ftp.luth.se/pub/FreeBSD - <ragge@ludd.luth.se> - -Taiwan ftp://NCTUCCCA.edu.tw/Operating-Systems/FreeBSD - <freebsd@NCTUCCCA.edu.tw> - -Taiwan ftp://netbsd.csie.nctu.edu.tw/pub/FreeBSD - <ftp@netbsd.csie.nctu.edu.tw> - -Thailand ftp://ftp.nectec.or.th/pub/FreeBSD - <ftpadmin@ftp.nectec.or.th> - -USA ftp://gatekeeper.dec.com/pub/BSD/FreeBSD - <hubbard@gatekeeper.dec.com> - -USA ftp://ftp.cybernetics.net/pub/FreeBSD - <michael@Cybernetics.NET> - -USA ftp://ftp.neosoft.com/systems/FreeBSD - <smace@NeoSoft.COM> - -USA ftp://kryten.atinc.com/pub/FreeBSD - <jmb@kryten.atinc.com> - -USA ftp://ftp.dataplex.net/pub/FreeBSD - <rkw@dataplex.net> - -USA ftp://ftp.cps.cmich.edu/pub/ftp.freebsd.org - <ftpadmin@cps.cmich.edu> - -USA ftp://ftp.cslab.vt.edu/pub/FreeBSD - <ftp@ftp.cslab.vt.edu> - -Japan ftp://ftp.tokyonet.ad.jp/pub/FreeBSD - <ftpadmin@TokyoNet.AD.JP> - -Japan ftp://ftp.tut.ac.jp/FreeBSD - Ashida Hiroyuki <ashida@ftp.tut.ac.jp> - -Japan ftp://ftp.sra.co.jp/pub/os/FreeBSD - <ftp-admin@sra.co.jp> - -Japan ftp://ftp.ee.uec.ac.jp/pub/os/mirror/ftp.freebsd.org - <ftp-admin@ftp.ee.uec.ac.jp> - -Japan ftp://ftp.mei.co.jp/free/PC-UNIX/FreeBSD - TANIGUCHI Syuuhei <tanig@isl.mei.co.jp> - -Japan ftp://ftp.waseda.ac.jp/pub/FreeBSD - <ftp-admin@waseda.ac.jp> - -Japan ftp://ftp.pu-toyama.ac.jp/pub/FreeBSD - Yoshihiko USUI <usui@pu-toyama.ac.jp> - -Japan ftp://ftpsv1.u-aizu.ac.jp/pub/os/FreeBSD - <ftp-admin@u-aizu.ac.jp> - -UK ftp://src.doc.ic.ac.uk/packages/unix/FreeBSD - <wizards@doc.ic.ac.uk> - -UK ftp://unix.hensa.ac.uk/pub/walnut.creek/FreeBSD - <archive-admin@unix.hensa.ac.uk> - -UK ftp://ftp.demon.co.uk/pub/BSD/FreeBSD - <uploads@demon.net> - ---- - -The latest versions of export-restricted code for FreeBSD (2.0C or later) -(eBones and secure) are being made available at the following locations. - -If you are outside the U.S. or Canada, please get secure (DES) and -eBones (Kerberos) from one of the following foreign distribution sites: - -Country Site and Maintainer -======= ======================================================== -South Africa ftp://skeleton.mikom.csir.co.za/pub/FreeBSD - Mark Murray <mark@grondar.za> - -South Africa ftp://storm.sea.uct.ac.za/pub/FreeBSD - Shaun Courtney <ftp@storm.sea.uct.ac.za> - -Brazil ftp://ftp.iqm.unicamp.br/pub/FreeBSD - Pedro A M Vazquez <vazquez@iqm.unicamp.br> - -Finland ftp://nic.funet.fi/pub/unix/FreeBSD/eurocrypt - <count@nic.funet.fi> diff --git a/share/FAQ/Text/README b/share/FAQ/Text/README deleted file mode 100644 index 2e7293b..0000000 --- a/share/FAQ/Text/README +++ /dev/null @@ -1,104 +0,0 @@ - ----------------------------------------- - FreeBSD 2.0.5 --- RELEASE Version , , - ----------------------------------------- /( )` - \ \___ / | -Welcome to the 2.0.5 release of FreeBSD! 2.0.5 is /- _ `-/ ' -an interim release of FreeBSD, filling a much needed (/\/ \ \ /\ -gap during the period between 2.0R (which was / / | ` \ -released in Nov 94) and 2.1R, which will be O O ) / | -released in late July of '95. FreeBSD 2.0.5 `-^--'`< ' -contains many substantial improvements from 2.0R, (_.) _ ) / -not least of which is greater stability (by `.___/` / -a considerable margin), dozens of new `-----' / -features and a greatly enhanced <----. __ / __ \ -installation program. See the release <----|====O)))==) \) /==== -notes for more details on what's new in <----' `--' `.__,' \ -FreeBSD 2.0.5! | | - \ / /\ - ______( (_ / \______/ - ,' ,-----' | - `--{__________) - - -What is FreeBSD? FreeBSD is an operating system based on 4.4 BSD Lite -for Intel, AMD, Cyrix or NexGen "x86" based PC hardware. It works -with a very wide variety of PC peripherals and configurations and can -be used for everything from software development to Internet Service -Provision; the busiest site on the Internet, ftp.cdrom.com, is a -FreeBSD machine! - -This release of FreeBSD contains everything you need to run such a -system, plus full source code for everything. With the source -distribution installed you can literally recompile the entire system -from scratch with one command, making it ideal for students, -researchers or folks who simply want to see how it all works. - -A large collection of 3rd party ported software (the "ports -collection") is also provided to make it easier for you to obtain and -install all your favorite traditional UNIX utilities for FreeBSD. -Over 270 ports, comprising everything from the EMACS editor to the -lisp language, make FreeBSD a powerful and comprehensive operating -system that rivals that of many large workstations for general utility -and power. - - -For more documentation on this system, it is recommended that you -purchase the 4.4BSD Document Set from O'Reilly Associates and the -USENIX Association, ISBN 1-56592-082-1. We have no connection with -O'Reilly, we're just satisfied customers! - -You may also wish to read the HARDWARE GUIDE *before* proceeding any -further with the installation. Configuring PC hardware for anything -other than DOS/Windows (which don't actually make very significant -demands on the hardware) is actually quite a bit harder than it looks, -and if you think you understand PCs then you clearly haven't been -using them for long enough! :) This guide will give you some tips on -how to configure your hardware and what symptoms to watch for in case -of trouble. This guide is available in the Documentation menu of the -FreeBSD boot floppy. - -DISCLAIMER: While FreeBSD does its best to safeguard against accidental -loss of data, it's still more than possible to WIPE OUT YOUR ENTIRE DISK -with this installation! Please do not proceed to the final FreeBSD -installation menu unless you've adequately backed up any important -data first! We really mean it! - -Technical comments on this release should be sent to: - - hackers@FreeBSD.org - - -Bug reports should be sent using the `send-pr' command, if you were -able to get the system installed, otherwise to: - - bugs@FreeBSD.org - -Please be sure to indicate WHICH VERSION of FreeBSD you're running in -any bug reports! - - -General questions should be sent to: - - questions@FreeBSD.org - -Please have patience if your questions are not answered right away - -this is an especially busy time for us, and our volunteer resources -are often strained to the limit! Bug reports submitted with the -send-pr command are logged and tracked in our bugs database, and -you'll be kept informed of any changes in status during the life of -the bug (or feature request). - -Our WEB site, http://www.freebsd.org, is also a very good source for -updated information and provides a number of advanced documentation -facilities. You may use the BSDI version of Netscape for browsing the -World Wide Web directly from FreeBSD. - -You may also wish to look in /usr/share/FAQ and /usr/share/doc for -further information on the system. - - -Thanks for reading all of this, and we sincerely hope you enjoy this -release of FreeBSD! - - Jordan Hubbard, - for The FreeBSD Project diff --git a/share/FAQ/Text/REGISTER.FreeBSD b/share/FAQ/Text/REGISTER.FreeBSD deleted file mode 100644 index 8501628..0000000 --- a/share/FAQ/Text/REGISTER.FreeBSD +++ /dev/null @@ -1,85 +0,0 @@ -In the absence of any other mechanism for counting the number of users -of FreeBSD, we like to kindly suggest that you take a few minutes to please -register with the counter set up by <Harald.T.Alvestrand@uninett.no>. - -The justification for such "registration" is twofold: First, we really would -like to know more about the size and demographics of our user-base in order -to better support its needs. Second, it's a sad fact of life that many -people rely on counters and statistics (even when highly dubious) rather -than on actual experience when chosing an operating system, and the best we -can hope to do in such circumstances is to at least try to provide some -indication of how popular we are (or are not). This is not how we recommend -that people go about chosing an operating system, but the necessity of -such "marketing" remains an undeniable fact. - -The FreeBSD team does not necessarily feel that Harald's counter represents -the best approach to such statistics gathering, and its accuracy can only -be as good as people's willingness to register with it (and may not reflect -the actual OS population at any single point in time), but in the total absence -of any other mechanism for providing such useful statistics, it's certainly a -start and we thank Harald for his efforts in providing this service. -It's a community service, and of potential benefit to everyone (all *BSD -users), so let's see if we can't make it work! - -Included below is the standard blurb from the counter. - -Thanks in advance, - - The FreeBSD team. - - -How to get registered -===================== - -In brief: - - [To register a running installation of FreeBSD] - Send E-mail to bsd-counter@uninett.no with the SUBJECT line - - "I use FreeBSD at <place>" - -Introduction -============ -The intention of this counting project is to count all users of UNIXes -that are: - - - BSD-derived - - Freely available - -The variants NetBSD, 386BSD and FreeBSD are currently distinguished. - -(NOTE: Linux is NOT BSD-derived. If you use that, send mail to -linux-counter@uninett.no instead!!!) - -The information is *not* used for any purpose but statistics, and unless -you request it, information about single persons are *never* made public. -(A list of users who have requested publication is available from the -FTP file ftp://aun.uninett.no/pub/misc/386bsd/persons) - -How to register -=============== -Send E-mail to bsd-counter@uninett.no - -The subject should be - - I use FreeBSD|NetBSD|386BSD at <place> - -Where FreeBSD, NetBSD or 386BSD is the particular variant you're using -and "place" can be school, work or home, or a combination of these. - -You will get back a letter with 3 things: - - - An acknowledgement - - A form that you can fill out and send in with more information - about yourself, your machine, and your 386bsd-using friends - - A report giving the current status of the counter - -You can update your "vote" at any time, by sending an E-mail message -from the same account. Duplicates will be weeded out. - -The current report, available by anonymous FTP to aun.uninett.no, -directory pub/misc/386bsd-counter, file "short", is given below. - -For all questions, contact Harald.T.Alvestrand@uninett.no! - -$Id: REGISTER.FreeBSD,v 1.2 1994/12/01 13:24:20 jkh Exp $ diff --git a/share/FAQ/Text/RELNOTES.FreeBSD b/share/FAQ/Text/RELNOTES.FreeBSD deleted file mode 100644 index 9b6c5c6..0000000 --- a/share/FAQ/Text/RELNOTES.FreeBSD +++ /dev/null @@ -1,723 +0,0 @@ - RELEASE NOTES - FreeBSD - Release 2.0.5 - -1. Technical overview ---------------------- - -FreeBSD is a freely available, full source 4.4 BSD Lite based release -for Intel i386/i486/Pentium (or compatible) based PC's. It is based -primarily on software from U.C. Berkeley's CSRG group, with some -enhancements from NetBSD, 386BSD, and the Free Software Foundation. - -Since our release of FreeBSD 2.0 some 8 months ago, the performance, -feature set, and stability of FreeBSD has improved dramatically. The -largest change is a revamped VM system with a merged VM/file buffer -cache that not only increases performance, but reduces FreeBSD's -memory footprint, making a 4MB configuration a more acceptible -minimum. Other enhancements include full NIS client and server -support, transaction TCP support, dial-on-demand PPP, an improved SCSI -subsystem, early ISDN support, support for FDDI and Fast Ethernet -(100Mbit) adapters, improved support for the Adaptec 2940 (WIDE and -narrow) and many hundreds of bug fixes. - -We've also taken the comments and suggestions of many of our users to -heart and have attempted to provide what we hope is a more sane and -easily understood installation process. Your feedback on this -(constantly evolving) process is especially welcome! - -In addition to the base distributions, FreeBSD offers a new ported -software collection with some 270 commonly sought-after programs. The -list of ports ranges from http (WWW) servers, to games, languages, -editors and almost everything in between. The entire ports collection -requires only 10MB of storage, all ports being expressed as "deltas" -to their original sources. This makes it much easier for us to update -ports, and greatly reduces the disk space demands made by the older -1.0 ports collection. To compile a port, you simply change to the -directory of the program you wish to install, type make and let the -system do the rest. The full original distribution for each port you -build is retrieved dynamically off of CDROM or a local ftp site, so -you need only enough disk space to build the ports you want. Each -port is also provided as a pre-compiled "package" which can be -installed with a simple command (pkg_add) by those who do not wish to -compile their own ports from source. See the file: - /usr/share/FAQ/Text/ports.FAQ -for a more complete description of the ports collection. - - -Since our first release of FreeBSD 1.0 nearly two years ago, FreeBSD -has changed almost entirely. A new port from the Berkeley 4.4 code -base was done, which brought the legal status of the system out of the -shadows with the blessing of Novell (the new owners of USL and UNIX). The -port to 4.4 has also brought in a host of new features, filesystems -and enhanced driver support. With our new unencumbered code base, we -have every reason to hope that we'll be able to release quality -operating systems without further legal encumbrance for some time to -come! - -FreeBSD 2.0.5 represents the culmination of 2 years of work and many -thousands of man hours put in by an international development team. -We hope you enjoy it! - -For a list of contributors and a general project description, please see -the file "CONTRIB.FreeBSD" which should be bundled with your binary -distribution. - -Also see the "REGISTER.FreeBSD" file for information on registering -with the "Free BSD user counter". This counter is for ALL freely -available variants of BSD, not just FreeBSD, and we urge you to register -yourself with it. - -The core of FreeBSD does not contain DES code which would inhibit its -being exported outside the United States. There is an add-on package -to the core distribution, for use only in the United States, that -contains the programs that normally use DES. The auxiliary packages -provided separately can be used by anyone. A freely (from outside the -U.S.) exportable European distribution of DES for our non-U.S. users also -exists and is described in the FreeBSD FAQ. - -If password security for FreeBSD is all you need, and you have no -requirement for copying encrypted passwords from different hosts -(Suns, DEC machines, etc) into FreeBSD password entries, then -FreeBSD's MD5 based security may be all you require! We feel that our -default security model is more than a match for DES, and without any -messy export issues to deal with. If you're outside (or even inside) -the U.S., give it a try! - - -1.1 What's new in 2.0.5? ----------------------- - -The following features were added or substantially improved between -the release of 2.0 and this 2.0.5 release. In order to facilitate -better communication, the person, or persons, responsible for each -enhancement is noted. Any questions regarding the new functionality -should be directed to them first. - -KERNEL: - -Merged VM-File Buffer Cache ---------------------------- -A merged VM/buffer cache design greatly enhances overall system -performance and makes it possible to do a number of more optimal -memory allocation strategies that were not possible before. - -Owner: David Greenman (davidg@FreeBSD.org) and - John Dyson (dyson@implode.root.com) - - -Network PCB hash optimization ------------------------------ -For systems with a great number of active TCP connections (WEB and ftp -servers, for example), this greatly speeds up the lookup time required -to match an incoming packet up to its associated connection. - -Owner: David Greenman (davidg@FreeBSD.org) - - -Name cache optimization ------------------------ -The name-cache would cache all files of the same name to the same bucket, -which would put for instance all ".." entries in the same bucket. We added -the parent directory version to frustrate the hash, and improved the -management of the cache in various other ways while we were at it. - -Owner: Poul-Henning Kamp (phk@FreeBSD.org) - David GreenMan (davidg@FreeBSD.org) - - -Less restrictive swap-spaces ----------------------------- -The need to compile the names of the swap devices into the kernel has been -removed. Now swapon will accept any block devices, up to the maximum -number of swap devices configured in the kernel. - -Owner: Poul-Henning Kamp (phk@FreeBSD.org) - David GreenMan (davidg@FreeBSD.org) - - -Hard Wired SCSI Devices ------------------------ -Prior to 2.0.5, FreeBSD performed dynamic assignment of unit numbers -to SCSI devices as they were probed, allowing a SCSI device failure to -possibly change unit number assignment and prevent filesystems on -still functioning disks from mounting. Hard wiring allows static -allocation of unit numbers (and hence device names) to scsi devices -based on SCSI ID and bus. SCSI configuration occurs in the kernel -config file. Samples of the configuration syntax can be found in the -scsi(4) man page or the LINT kernel config file. - -Owner: Peter Dufault (dufault@hda.com) -Sources involved: sys/scsi/* usr.sbin/config/* - - -Slice Support -------------- -FreeBSD now supports a "slice" abstraction which makes it more -completely interoperable with other operating system partitions. This -support will allow FreeBSD to inhabit DOS extended partitions. - -Owner: Bruce Evans (bde@FreeBSD.org) -Sources involved: sys/disklabel.h sys/diskslice.h sys/dkbad.h - kern/subr_diskslice.c kern/subr_dkbad.c - i386/isa/diskslice_machdep.c - i386/isa/wd.c scsi/sd.c dev/vn/vn.c - - -Support for Ontrack Disk Manager Version 6.0 --------------------------------------------- -Support has been added for disks which use Ontrack Disk Manager. The -fdisk program does NOT know about it however, so make all changes -using the install program on the boot.flp or the Ontrack Disk Manager -tool under DOS. - -Owner: Poul-Henning Kamp (phk@FreeBSD.org) - - -Bad144 is back and working --------------------------- -Bad144 works again, though the semantics are slightly different than -before in that the bad-spots are kept relative to the slice rather -than absolute on the disk. - -Owner: Bruce Evans (bde@FreeBSD.org) - Poul-Henning Kamp (phk@FreeBSD.org) - - -NEW DEVICE SUPPORT: - - SCSI and CDROM Devices - -Matsushita/Panasonic (Creative) CD-ROM driver ---------------------------------------------- -The Matsushita/Panasonic CR-562 and CR-563 drives are now supported -when connected to a Sound Blaster or 100% compatible host adapter. Up -to four host adapters are supported for a total of 16 CD-ROM drives. -The audio functions are supported with the Karoke variable speed -playback. - -Owner: Frank Durda IV bsdmail@nemesis.lonestar.org -Sources involved: isa/matcd - - -Adaptec 2742/2842/2940 SCSI driver ------------------------------ -The original 274x/284x driver has evolved considerably since the 2.0 -release. We now offer full support for the 2940 series as well as the -Wide models of these cards. The arbitration bug (as well as many -others) that caused the driver problems with fast devices has been -corrected and there is even experimental tagged queuing support -(kernel option "AHC_TAGENABLE"). John Aycock has also released the -sequencer code under a "Berkeley style" copyright making the driver -entirely clean of the GPL. - -Owner: Justin Gibbs (gibbs@FreeBSD.org) -Sources involved: isa/aic7770.c pci/aic7870.c i386/scsi/* - sys/dev/aic7xxx/* - - -NCR5380/NCR53400 SCSI ("ProAudio Spectrum") driver --------------------------------------------------- -Owner: core -Submitted by: Serge Vakulenko (vak@cronyx.ru) -Sources involved: isa/ncr5380.c - - -Sony CDROM driver ------------------ -Owner: core -Submitted by: Mikael Hybsch (micke@dynas.se) -Sources involved: isa/scd.c - - - Serial Devices - -SDL Communications Riscom/8 Serial Board Driver ------------------------------------------------ -Owner: Andrey Chernov (ache@FreeBSD.org) -Sources involved: isa/rc.c isa/rcreg.h - - -Cyclades Cyclom-y Serial Board Driver -------------------------------------- -Owner: Bruce Evans (bde@FreeBSD.org) -Submitted by: Andrew Werple (andrew@werple.apana.org.au) and - Heikki Suonsivu (hsu@cs.hut.fi) -Obtained from: NetBSD -Sources involved: isa/cy.c - - -Cronyx/Sigma sync/async serial driver -------------------------------------- -Owner: core -Submitted by: Serge Vakulenko -Sources involved: isa/cronyx.c - - - - Networking - -Diskless booting ----------------- -Diskless booting in 2.0.5 is much improved. The boot-program is in -src/sys/i386/boot/netboot, and can be run from an MSDOS system or -burned into an EPROM. Local swapping is also possible. WD, SMC, 3COM -and Novell ethernet cards are currently supported. - - -DEC DC21140 Fast Ethernet driver --------------------------------- -This driver supports any of the numerous NICs using the DC21140 chipset -including the 100Mb DEC DE-500-XA and SMC 9332. - -Owner: core -Submitted by: Matt Thomas (thomas@lkg.dec.com) -Sources involved: pci/if_de.c pci/dc21040.h - - -DEC FDDI (DEFPA/DEFEA) driver ------------------------------ -Owner: core -Submitted by: Matt Thomas (thomas@lkg.dec.com) -Sources involved: pci/if_pdq.c pci/pdq.c pci/pdq_os.h pci/pdqreg.h - - -3Com 3c505 (Etherlink/+) NIC driver ------------------------------------ -Owner: core -Submitted by: Dean Huxley (dean@fsa.ca) -Obtained from: NetBSD -Sources involved: isa/if_eg.c - - -Fujitsu MB86960A family of NICs driver -------------------------------------- -Owner: core -Submitted by: M.S. (seki@sysrap.cs.fujitsu.co.jp) -Sources involved: isa/if_fe.c - - -Intel EtherExpress driver -------------------------- -Owner: Rodney W. Grimes (rgrimes@FreeBSD.org) -Sources involved: isa/if_ix.c isa/if_ixreg.h - - -3Com 3c589 driver ------------------ -Owner: core -Submitted by: "HOSOKAWA Tatsumi" (hosokawa@mt.cs.keio.ac.jp), - Seiji Murata (seiji@mt.cs.keio.ac.jp) and - Noriyuki Takahashi (hor@aecl.ntt.jp) -Sources involved: isa/if_zp.c - - -IBM Credit Card Adapter driver ------------------------------- -Owner: core -Submitted by: "HOSOKAWA Tatsumi" (hosokawa@mt.cs.keio.ac.jp), -Sources involved: isa/pcic.c isa/pcic.h - - -EDSS1 and 1TR6 ISDN interface driver ------------------------------------- -Owner: core -Submitted by: Dietmar Friede (dfriede@drnhh.neuhaus.de) and - Juergen Krause (jkr@saarlink.de) -Sources involved: gnu/isdn/* - - - Miscellaneous Drivers - -Joystick driver ---------------- -Owner: Jean-Marc Zucconi (jmz@FreeBSD.org) -Sources involved: isa/joy.c - - -National Instruments "LabPC" driver ------------------------------------ -Owner: Peter Dufault (dufault@hda.com) -Sources involved: isa/labpc.c - - -WD7000 driver -------------- -Owner: Olof Johansson (offe@ludd.luth.se) - - -Pcvt Console driver -------------------- -Owner: Joerg Wunsch (joerg@FreeBSD.org) -Submitted by: Hellmuth Michaelis (hm@altona.hamburg.com) -Sources involved: isa/pcvt/* - - -BSD-audio emulator for VAT driver ---------------------------------- -Owner: Amancio Hasty (ahasty@FreeBSD.org) and - Paul Traina (pst@FreeBSD.org) -Sources involved: isa/sound/vat_audio.c isa/sound/vat_audioio.h - - -National Instruments AT-GPIB and AT-GPIB/TNT GPIB driver --------------------------------------------------------- -Owner: core -Submitted by: Fred Cawthorne (fcawth@delphi.umd.edu) -Sources involved: isa/gpib.c isa/gpib.h isa/gpibreg.h - - -Genius GS-4500 hand scanner driver ----------------------------------- -Owner: core -Submitted by: Gunther Schadow (gusw@fub46.zedat.fu-berlin.de) -Sources involved: isa/gsc.c isa/gscreg.h - - -CORTEX-I Frame Grabber ----------------------- -Owner: core -Submitted by: Paul S. LaFollette, Jr. ( -Sources involved: isa/ctx.c isa/ctxreg.h - - -Video Spigot video capture card -------------------------------- -Owner: Jim Lowe - - - -1.2 Experimental features ---------------------------------------------- - -The unionfs and LFS file systems are known to be severely broken in -2.0.5. This is in part due to old bugs that we haven't had time to -resolve yet and the need to update these file systems to deal with the -new VM system. We hope to address these issues in a later release of -FreeBSD. - -FreeBSD now supports running iBCS2 compatible binaries (currently SCO -UNIX 3.2.2 & 3.2.4 and ISC 2.2 COFF format are supported). The iBCS2 -emulator is in its early stages, but it is functional, we haven't been -able to do exhaustive testing (lack of commercial apps), but almost -all of SCO's 3.2.2 binaries are working, so is an old INFORMIX-2.10 -for SCO. Further testing is nessesary to complete this project. There -is also work under way for ELF & XOUT loaders, and most of the svr4 -syscall wrappers have been written. - -Owner: Soren Schmidt (sos) & Sean Eric Fagan (sef) -Sources involved: sys/i386/ibcs2/* + misc kernel changes. -======= - - -2. Supported Configurations ---------------------------- - -FreeBSD currently runs on a wide variety of ISA, VLB, EISA and PCI bus -based PC's, ranging from 386sx to Pentium class machines (though the -386sx is not recommended). Support for generic IDE or ESDI drive -configurations, various SCSI controller, network and serial cards is -also provided. - -Following is a list of all disk controllers and ethernet cards currently -known to work with FreeBSD. Other configurations may very well work, and -we have simply not received any indication of this. - - -2.1. Disk Controllers - -WD1003 (any generic MFM/RLL) -WD1007 (any generic IDE/ESDI) -WD7000 -IDE -ATA - -Adaptec 152x series ISA SCSI controllers -Adaptec 154x series ISA SCSI controllers -Adaptec 174x series EISA SCSI controller in standard and enhanced mode. -Adaptec 274X/284X/2940 (Narrow/Wide/Twin) series ISA/EISA/PCI SCSI controllers -Adaptec AIC-6260 and AIC-6360 based boards, which includes -the AHA-152x and SoundBlaster SCSI cards. - -** Note: You cannot boot from the SoundBlaster cards -as they have no on-board BIOS, which is necessary for mapping -the boot device into the system BIOS I/O vectors. -They're perfectly usable for external tapes, CDROMs, etc, -however. The same goes for any other AIC-6x60 based card -without a boot ROM. Some systems DO have a boot ROM, which -is generally indicated by some sort of message when the system -is first powered up or reset. Check your system/board documentation -for more details. - -[Note that Buslogic was formerly known as "Bustec"] -Buslogic 545S & 545c -Buslogic 445S/445c VLB SCSI controller -Buslogic 742A, 747S, 747c EISA SCSI controller. -Buslogic 946c PCI SCSI controller -Buslogic 956c PCI SCSI controller - -NCR 53C810 and 53C825 PCI SCSI controller. -NCR5380/NCR53400 ("ProAudio Spectrum") SCSI controller. - -DTC 3290 EISA SCSI controller in 1542 emulation mode. - -UltraStor 14F, 24F and 34F SCSI controllers. - -Seagate ST01/02 SCSI controllers. - -Future Domain 8xx/950 series SCSI controllers. - -With all supported SCSI controllers, full support is provided for -SCSI-I & SCSI-II peripherals, including Disks, tape drives (including -DAT) and CD ROM drives. -The following CD-ROM type systems are supported at this time: -(cd) SCSI (also includes ProAudio Spectrum and SoundBlaster SCSI) -(mcd) Mitsumi proprietary interface -(matcd) Matsushita/Panasonic (Creative) proprietary interface -(scd) Sony proprietary interface - -Note: CD-Drives with IDE interfaces are not supported at this time. - -Some controllers have limitations with the way they deal with >16MB of -memory, due to the fact that the ISA bus only has a DMA address space -of 24 bits. If you do your arithmetic, you'll see that this makes it -impossible to do direct DMA to any address >16MB. This limitation is -even true of some EISA controllers (which are normally 32 bit) when -they're configured to emulate an ISA card, which they then do in *all* -respects. This problem is avoided entirely by IDE controllers (which -do not use DMA), true EISA controllers (like the UltraStor, Adaptec -1742A or Adaptec 2742) and most VLB (local bus) controllers. In the -cases where it's necessary, the system will use "bounce buffers" to -talk to the controller so that you can still use more than 16Mb of -memory without difficulty. - - -2.2. Ethernet cards - -SMC Elite 16 WD8013 ethernet interface, and most other WD8003E, -WD8003EBT, WD8003W, WD8013W, WD8003S, WD8003SBT and WD8013EBT -based clones. SMC Elite Ultra is also supported. - -DEC EtherWORKS III NICs (DE203, DE204, and DE205) -DEC EtherWORKS II NICs (DE200, DE201, DE202, and DE422) -DEC DC21140 based NICs (SMC???? DE???) -DEC FDDI (DEFPA/DEFEA) NICs - -Fujitsu MB86960A family of NICs - -Intel EtherExpress - -Isolan AT 4141-0 (16 bit) -Isolink 4110 (8 bit) - -Novell NE1000, NE2000, and NE2100 ethernet interface. - -3Com 3C501 cards - -3Com 3C503 Etherlink II - -3Com 3c505 Etherlink/+ - -3Com 3C507 Etherlink 16/TP - -3Com 3C509, 3C579, 3C589 (PCMCIA) Etherlink III - -Toshiba ethernet cards - -PCMCIA ethernet cards from IBM and National Semiconductor are also -supported. - - -2.3. Misc - -AST 4 port serial card using shared IRQ. - -ARNET 8 port serial card using shared IRQ. - -BOCA ATIO66 6 port serial card using shared IRQ. - -Cyclades Cyclom-y Serial Board. - -STB 4 port card using shared IRQ. - -Mitsumi (all models) CDROM interface and drive. - -SDL Communications Riscom/8 Serial Board. - -Soundblaster SCSI and ProAudio Spectrum SCSI CDROM interface and drive. - -Matsushita/Panasonic (Creative SoundBlaster) CDROM interface and drive. - -Adlib, SoundBlaster, SoundBlaster Pro, ProAudioSpectrum, Gravis UltraSound -and Roland MPU-401 sound cards. - -FreeBSD currently does NOT support IBM's microchannel (MCA) bus, but -support is apparently close to materializing. Details will be posted -as the situation develops. - - -3. Obtaining FreeBSD. ---------------------- - -You may obtain FreeBSD in a variety of ways: - -1. FTP/Mail - -You can ftp FreeBSD and any or all of its optional packages from -`ftp.freebsd.org' - the offical FreeBSD release site. - -For other locations that mirror the FreeBSD software see the file -MIRROR.SITES. Please ftp the distribution from the nearest site -to you netwise. - -If you do not have access to the internet and electronic mail is your -only recourse, then you may still fetch the files by sending mail to -`ftpmail@decwrl.dec.com' - putting the keyword "help" in your message -to get more information on how to fetch files from freebsd.cdrom.com. -Note: This approach will end up sending many *tens of megabytes* -through the mail, and should only be employed as an absolute LAST -resort! - - -2. CDROM - -FreeBSD 2.0.5 may be ordered on CDROM from: - - Walnut Creek CDROM - 4041 Pike Lane, Suite D - Concord CA 94520 - 1-800-786-9907, +1-510-674-0783, +1-510-674-0821 (fax) - -Or via the internet from orders@cdrom.com or http://www.cdrom.com. -Their current catalog can be obtained via ftp as: - ftp://ftp.cdrom.com/cdrom/catalog. - -Cost is $39.95. Shipping (per order not per disc) is $5 in the US, -Canada, or Mexico and $10.00 overseas. They accept Visa, Mastercard, -American Express, and ship COD within the United States. California -residents please add 8.25% sales tax. - -Should you be dissatisfied for any reason, the CD comes with an -unconditional return policy. - - -Reporting problems, making suggestions, submitting code. ------------------------------------------------------------ - -Your suggestions, bug reports and contributions of code are always -valued - please do not hesitate to report any problems you may find -(preferably with a fix attached if you can!). - -The preferred method to submit bug reports from a machine with -internet mail connectivity is to use the send-pr command. Bug reports -will be dutifully filed by our faithful bugfiler program and you can -be sure that we'll do our best to respond to all reported bugs as soon -as possible. - -If, for some reason, you are unable to use the send-pr command to -submit a bug report, you can try to send it to: - - bugs@FreeBSD.org - - -Otherwise, for any questions or suggestions, please send mail to: - - questions@FreeBSD.org - -Additionally, being a volunteer effort, we are always happy to have -extra hands willing to help - there are already far more enhancements -to be done than we can ever manage to do by ourselves! To contact us -on technical matters, or with offers of help, you may send mail to: - - hackers@FreeBSD.org - -Since these mailing lists can experience significant amounts of -traffic, if you have slow or expensive mail access and you are -only interested in keeping up with significant FreeBSD events, you may -find it preferable to subscribe to: - - announce@FreeBSD.org - - -All but the freebsd-bugs groups can be freely joined by anyone wishing -to do so. Send mail to MajorDomo@FreeBSD.org and include the keyword -`help' on a line by itself somewhere in the body of the message. This -will give you more information on joining the various lists, accessing -archives, etc. There are a number of mailing lists targeted at -special interest groups not mentioned here, so send mail to majordomo -and ask about them! - - -6. Acknowledgements -------------------- - -FreeBSD represents the cumulative work of many dozens, if not -hundreds, of individuals from around the world who have worked very -hard to bring you this release. It would be very difficult, if not -impossible, to enumerate everyone who's contributed to FreeBSD, but -nonetheless we shall try (in alphabetical order, of course). If your -name is not mentioned, please be assured that its omission is entirely -accidental. - - -The Computer Systems Research Group (CSRG), U.C. Berkeley. - -Bill Jolitz, for his initial work with 386BSD. - -The FreeBSD Core Team -(in alphabetical order by first name): - - Andreas Schulz <ats@FreeBSD.org> - Andrey A. Chernov <ache@FreeBSD.org> - Bruce Evans <bde@FreeBSD.org> - David Greenman <davidg@FreeBSD.org> - Garrett A. Wollman <wollman@FreeBSD.org> - Gary Palmer <gpalmer@FreeBSD.org> - Geoff Rehmet <csgr@FreeBSD.org> - Jack Vogel <jackv@FreeBSD.org> - John Dyson <dyson@FreeBSD.org> - Jordan K. Hubbard <jkh@FreeBSD.org> - Justin Gibbs <gibbs@FreeBSD.org> - Paul Richards <paul@FreeBSD.org> - Poul-Henning Kamp <phk@FreeBSD.org> - Rich Murphey <rich@FreeBSD.org> - Rodney W. Grimes <rgrimes@FreeBSD.org> - Satoshi Asami <asami@FreeBSD.org> - SЬren Schmidt <sos@FreeBSD.org> - -Special mention to: - - Walnut Creek CDROM, without whose help (and continuing support) - this release would never have been possible. - - Dermot McDonnell for his donation of a Toshiba XM3401B CDROM - drive. - - Additional FreeBSD helpers and beta testers: - - J.T. Conklin Julian Elischer - Frank Durda IV Peter Dufault - Sean Eric Fagan Jeffrey Hsu - Terry Lambert L Jonas Olsson - Chris Provenzano Dave Rivers - Guido van Rooij Steven Wallace - Atsushi Murai Scott Mace - Nate Williams - - And everyone at Montana State University for their initial support. - - -Jordan would also like to give special mention to Poul-Henning Kamp -and Gary Palmer, both of whom put in long hours helping him to -construct the new installation utility. Poul, being a proud new -father, was especially pressed for time yet somehow managed to put in -significant amount of effort anyway and this release could not have -happened without him. Thank you both! - -Thanks also to everyone else who helped, especially those not -mentioned, and we sincerely hope you enjoy this release of FreeBSD! - - - The FreeBSD Core Team - -$Id: RELNOTES.FreeBSD,v 1.6 1995/05/28 18:56:01 phk Exp $ diff --git a/share/FAQ/Text/ROADMAP b/share/FAQ/Text/ROADMAP deleted file mode 100644 index 9561691..0000000 --- a/share/FAQ/Text/ROADMAP +++ /dev/null @@ -1,58 +0,0 @@ -This directory contains frequently asked questions, short user guides, -tutorials and other miscellaneous information that may be of help -to the beginning (or even advanced) FreeBSD user. Any submissions -to this directory should be sent to: - - FreeBSD-FAQ@FreeBSD.ORG - -For inclusion with the next release. Your contributions are not only -welcome, but often save new users from uncountable headaches! If you've -written something you think may help new users, please - by all means -send it to us! - -Thanks! - - The FreeBSD Project - ----- -ROADMAP: - -File Description -=============================================================================== -ESDI.FAQ All about installing FreeBSD on older - ESDI/MFM drives. - -FreeBSD.FAQ The overall FreeBSD FAQ - posted regularly to - USENET. - -FreeBSD-1.1.FAQ FreeBSD FAQ for versions 1.1.5.1 and below. - -HW.TROUBLE User feedback on finicky or broken hardware. - -MIRROR.SITES A list of all sites mirroring FreeBSD 2.x. - -NFS.FAQ Tips for users using NFS between FreeBSD - and workstation hardware. - -Systems.FAQ Systems and configurations on which FreeBSD - is "known" to work. - -Systems-1.1.FAQ Systems for 1.1.5.1 and below - -current-policy.FAQ What you should know about running - FreeBSD-current. - -kernel-debug.FAQ How to debug kernels for 1.1.5.1 and below. - -mailing-list.FAQ All about the FreeBSD mailing lists. - -ports-supfile A sample supfile for the FreeBSD ports - collection. - -slip-dialup How to configure SLIP. - -standard-supfile A sample supfile for the FreeBSD source tree. - -sup.FAQ All about sup in general. - - diff --git a/share/FAQ/Text/TROUBLESHOOTING b/share/FAQ/Text/TROUBLESHOOTING deleted file mode 100644 index d1cb25f..0000000 --- a/share/FAQ/Text/TROUBLESHOOTING +++ /dev/null @@ -1,185 +0,0 @@ -Troubleshooting Tips - or "These are the times that try men's souls" --------------------------------------------------------------------- - -The following tips and tricks may help you turn a failing (or failed) -installation attempt into a success. Please read them carefully. - ---- - -Symptom: Hardware conflict or misconfiguration. - Device not being found when it should be. - -Problem: A device is conflicting with another, or its settings - don't match the kernel's expected IRQ or address. - -Explanation: While most device drivers in FreeBSD are now smart - enough to match themselves to your hardware settings - dynamically, there are a few that still require fairly - rigid configuration parameters to be compiled in (and - matched by the hardware) before they'll work. We're - working hard to eliminate as many of these last - hold-outs as we can, but it's not always as easy as - it looks. - -Solution: There are several possible solutions. The first, - and easiest, is to boot the kernel with the -c flag. - When you see the initial boot prompt (from floppy or - hard disk), type: - - /kernel -c - - This will boot just past the memory sizing code and - then drop into a dynamic kernel configuration utility. - Type `?' at the prompt to see a list of commands. You - can use this utility to reset the IRQ, memory address, - IO address or a number of other device configuration - parameters. You can also disable a device entirely - if it's causing problems for other devices you'd much - rather have work. Note that this only affects the - kernel being booted temporarily, it does not "write out" - the information to the kernel so that these settings - are permanantly altered (this would be actually rather - hard). If you reboot, you'll have to make the same - changes again. The goal of the -c utility is to get - you up far enough to be able to download the appropriate - sources and configure and rebuild a kernel more specific - to your needs. - - Another solution is, obviously, to remove the offending - hardware or simply strip the system down to the bare - essentials until the problem (hopefully) goes away. - Once you're up, you can do the same thing mentioned - above - compile a kernel more suited to your hardware, - or incrementally try to figure out what it was about - your original hardware configuration that didn't work. - ---- -Symptom: My floppy-tape drive isn't probed. - -Problem: Last-minute problems with this driver caused it to be disabled - by default. - -Solution: Boot with -c (described above) and set the flags value of - fdc0 to 1. This will re-enable the floppy tape driver. - Sorry, but it was causing problems for people without floppy - tape drives! ---- - -Symptom: When I boot for the first time, it still looks for /386bsd! - -Problem: You still have the old FreeBSD 1.x boot blocks on your - boot partition. - -Solution: You should re-enter the installation process, invoke - the (F)disk editor and chose the (W)rite option. This - won't hurt an existing installation and will make sure - that the new boot blocks get written to the drive. - If you're installing for the first time, don't forget - to (W)rite out your new boot blocks! :-) - ---- - -Symptom: I want to boot FreeBSD off the second drive. It doesn't! - -Problem: FreeBSD will actually install just fine on a drive other - than 0 (the first drive), and the boot manager will even - allow you to select it, but the boot blocks rather - pathologically assume 0. This should be fixed in 2.1. - -Solution: Easy - follow these steps: - - 1. Select the first (0) drive from the (F)disk editor - and write out the boot manager with the (B) option. - This will enable the boot manager that allows you to - actually boot off the other drive. - - 2. Exit the fdisk editor for the first drive and and - re-enter it again for the drive you wish to install - on. Set up a partition on this drive, or select - (A)ll for the entire drive. - - 3. Enter the disklabel editor and allocate space on - your second drive as normal. Proceed with the - installation. - - 4. Once you've installed on the disk and are going to - reboot from the hard disk, enter the following at - the boot prompt: - - wd(1,a)/kernel - - [ If you're using a SCSI drive, substitute - `sd' for `wd' above ] - - This will ensure that you really boot from the second - drive. If you've actually installed on a drive other - than 1 (the 3rd or 4th drive?), substitute that number - in for the above. You will need to enter this EVERY - time you reboot from the hard disk. If you're feeling - brave and have a srcdist + the requisite experience, - you can hack the boot blocks in: - - /usr/src/sys/i386/boot/biosboot - - So that this drive you're booting from is hard-coded. - Recompile the boot blocks and reinstall them on your - drive with `disklabel -B ...' You can then have the - default Do The Right Thing. ---- - -Symptom: Newfs crashes, requesting that blocksize be 32K - -Problem: You have your disk controller configured to translate - to a some really large cylinder size because you're using - a drive with lots of cylinders. - -Solution: Turn such translation OFF in your controller's BIOS - setup if you can. If you must share the disk with other - Operating Systems, then this may not be possible and - you may simply be unable to install FreeBSD until we have - support for large translated geometries, sorry! - [ Hopefully in 2.1 ]. - ---- - -Symptom: FreeBSD won't boot off the hard disk - -Problem: Root partition does not start and end below cylinder 1024. - -Solution: See solution for newfs crashes, or move your root - partition. This limitation holds true for ANY operating - system you wish to boot from your hard drive. - ---- - -Symptom: FreeBSD still won't boot off the hard disk - -Problem: No boot code is installed in sector 1. - -Solution: Chose the Write MBR (B)oot code in the FDISK editor and - write out the boot manager so that you have a chance to - select operating systems. - - [ ** NOTE: If you are using the entire disk for FreeBSD, or - you have a Connor drive that does cylinder translation - from the MBR boot code, do NOT chose this option! ** ]. - ---- -Summary: Nope, FreeBSD's still not booting from the hard disk. - -Cause: BIOS disk geometry different from that used when - installing FreeBSD. - -Solution: With IDE drives, pay careful attention to the geometry - information that FreeBSD prints out when it's first - booting off the floppy. Use this geometry in your BIOS - setup or use the BIOS geometry when you install FreeBSD. - Either way, they have to match. - - With SCSI drives, the values they report is most often - bogus and cannot be used. In this situation, the SCSI - controller is performing geometry translation and - it's probably wise to assume a default of 64 heads, - 32 sectors and 1MB/cylinder. Use these values when - you install FreeBSD. See above comments concerning - newfs failures for more info. diff --git a/share/FAQ/Text/UUCP_Internals.FAQ b/share/FAQ/Text/UUCP_Internals.FAQ deleted file mode 100644 index 5a0702b..0000000 --- a/share/FAQ/Text/UUCP_Internals.FAQ +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1603 +0,0 @@ -Path: bloom-beacon.mit.edu!cambridge-news.cygnus.com!comton.airs.com!ian -From: ian@airs.com (Ian Lance Taylor) -Newsgroups: comp.mail.uucp,comp.answers,news.answers -Subject: UUCP Internals Frequently Asked Questions -Keywords: UUCP, protocol, FAQ -Message-ID: <uucp-internals_787915801@airs.com> -Date: 20 Dec 94 09:30:02 GMT -Expires: 31 Jan 95 09:30:01 GMT -Reply-To: ian@airs.com (Ian Lance Taylor) -Followup-To: comp.mail.uucp -Organization: Infinity Development, Waltham, MA -Lines: 1587 -Approved: news-answers-request@MIT.Edu -Supersedes: <uucp-internals_785496601@airs.com> -Xref: bloom-beacon.mit.edu comp.mail.uucp:5270 comp.answers:9043 news.answers:31575 - -Archive-name: uucp-internals -Version: $Revision: 1.1 $ -Last-modified: $Date: 1995/01/04 01:53:38 $ - - This article was written by Ian Lance Taylor <ian@airs.com> and I may - even update it periodically. Please send me mail about suggestions - or inaccuracies. - - This article describes how the various UUCP protocols work, and - discusses some other internal UUCP issues. It does not describe how - to configure UUCP, nor how to solve UUCP connection problems, nor how - to deal with UUCP mail. I do not know of any FAQ postings on these - topics. There are some documents on the net describing UUCP - configuration, but I can not keep an up to date list here; try using - archie. - - If you haven't read the news.announce.newusers articles, read them. - - This article is in digest format. Some newsreaders will be able to - break it apart into separate articles. Please don't ask me how to do - this, though. - - This article answers the following questions. If one of these - questions is posted to comp.mail.uucp, please send mail to the poster - referring her or him to this FAQ. There is no reason to post a - followup, as most of us know the answer already. - -Sources -What does "alarm" mean in debugging output? -What are UUCP grades? -What is the format of a UUCP lock file? -What is the format of a UUCP X.* file? -What is the UUCP protocol? -What is the 'g' protocol? -What is the 'f' protocol? -What is the 't' protocol? -What is the 'e' protocol? -What is the 'G' protocol? -What is the 'i' protocol? -What is the 'j' protocol? -What is the 'x' protocol? -What is the 'y' protocol? -What is the 'd' protocol? -What is the 'h' protocol? -What is the 'v' protocol? -Thanks - ----------------------------------------------------------------------- - -From: Sources -Subject: Sources - -"Unix-to-Unix Copy Program," said PDP-1. "You will never find a more -wretched hive of bugs and flamers. We must be cautious." - --DECWars - -I took a lot of the information from Jamie E. Hanrahan's paper in the -Fall 1990 DECUS Symposium, and from Managing UUCP and Usenet by Tim -O'Reilly and Grace Todino (with contributions by several other -people). The latter includes most of the former, and is published by - O'Reilly & Associates, Inc. - 103 Morris Street, Suite A - Sebastopol, CA 95472 -It is currently in its tenth edition. The ISBN number is -0-937175-93-5. - -Some information is originally due to a Usenet article by Chuck -Wegrzyn. The information on execution files comes partially from -Peter Honeyman. The information on the 'g' protocol comes partially -from a paper by G.L. Chesson of Bell Laboratories, partially from -Jamie E. Hanrahan's paper, and partially from source code by John -Gilmore. The information on the 'f' protocol comes from the source -code by Piet Berteema. The information on the 't' protocol comes from -the source code by Rick Adams. The information on the 'e' protocol -comes from a Usenet article by Matthias Urlichs. The information on -the 'd' protocol comes from Jonathan Clark, who also supplied -information about QFT. The FSUUCP information comes straight from -Christopher J. Ambler; it applies to version 1.4 and up. - -Although there are few books about UUCP, there are many about networks -and protocols in general. I recommend two non-technical books which -describe the sorts of things that are available on the network: ``The -Whole Internet,'' by Ed Krol, and ``Zen and the Art of the Internet,'' -by Brendan P. Kehoe. Good technical discussions of networking issues -can be found in ``Internetworking with TCP/IP,'' by Douglas E. Comer -and David L. Stevens and in ``Design and Validation of Computer -Protocols'' by Gerard J. Holzmann. - ------------------------------- - -From: alarm -Subject: What does "alarm" mean in debugging output? - -The debugging output of many versions of UUCP (but not Taylor UUCP) -will include messages like - alarm 1 -or - pkcget: alarm 1 - -This message means that the UUCP package has timed out while waiting -for some sort of response from the remote system. This normally -indicates some sort of connection problem. For example, the modems -might have lost their connection, or perhaps one of the modems will -not transmit the XON and XOFF characters, or perhaps one side or the -other is dropping characters. It can also mean that the packages -disagree about some aspect of the UUCP protocol, although this is less -common. - -Using the information in the rest of this posting, you should be able -to figure out what type of data your UUCP was expecting to receive. -This may give some indication as to exactly what the problem is. It -is difficult to be more specific, since there are many possiblities. - ------------------------------- - -From: UUCP-grades -Subject: What are UUCP grades? - -Modern UUCP packages support grades for each command. The grades -generally range from 'A' (the highest) to 'Z' followed by 'a' to 'z'. -Some UUCP packages also support '0' to '9' before 'A'. Some UUCP -packages may permit any ASCII character as a grade. - -On Unix, these grades are encoded in the name of the command file. A -command file name generally has the form - C.nnnngssss -where nnnn is the remote system name for which the command is queued, -g is a single character grade, and ssss is a four character sequence -number. For example, a command file created for the system ``airs'' -at grade 'Z' might be named - C.airsZ2551 - -The remote system name will be truncated to seven characters, to -ensure that the command file name will fit in the 14 character file -name limit of the traditional Unix file system. UUCP packages which -have no other means of distinguishing which command files are intended -for which systems thus require all systems they connect to to have -names that are unique in the first seven characters. Some UUCP -packages use a variant of this format which truncates the system name -to six characters. HDB and Taylor UUCP use a different spool -directory format, which allows up to fourteen characters to be used -for each system name. - -The sequence number in the command file name may be a decimal integer, -or it may be a hexadecimal integer, or it may contain any alphanumeric -character. Different UUCP packages are different. - -FSUUCP (a DOS based UUCP and news package) uses up to 8 characters for -file names in the spool (this is a DOS file name limitation; actually, -with the extension, 11 characters are available, but FSUUCP reserves -that for future use). FSUUCP defaults mail to grade D, and news to -grade N, except that when the grade of incoming mail can be -determined, that grade is preserved if the mail is forwarded to -another system. Mail and news are currently the only 2 types of -transfers supported. The default grades may be changed by editing -the MAIL.RC file for mail, or the FSUUCP.CFG file for news. - -UUPC/extended for DOS, OS/2 and Windows NT handles mail at grade 'C', -news at grade 'd', and file transfers at grade 'n'. The UUPC/extended -UUCP and RMAIL commands accept grades to override the default, the -others do not. - -I do not know how command grades are handled in other non-Unix UUCP -packages. - -Modern UUCP packages allow you to restrict file transfer by grade -depending on the time of day. Typically this is done with a line in -the Systems (or L.sys) file like this: - airs Any/Z,Any2305-0855 ... -This allows grades 'Z' and above to be transferred at any time. Lower -grades may only be transferred at night. I believe that this grade -restriction applies to local commands as well as to remote commands, -but I am not sure. It may only apply if the UUCP package places the -call, not if it is called by the remote system. - -Taylor UUCP can use the ``timegrade'' and ``call-timegrade'' commands -to achieve the same effect (and supports the above format when reading -Systems or L.sys). - -UUPC/extended provides the symmetricgrades option to announce the -current grade in effect when calling the remote system. - -This sort of grade restriction is most useful if you know what grades -are being used at the remote site. The default grades used depend on -the UUCP package. Generally uucp and uux have different defaults. A -particular grade can be specified with the -g option to uucp or uux. -For example, to request execution of rnews on airs with grade 'd', you -might use something like - uux -gd - airs!rnews <article - -Uunet queues up mail at grade 'C', but increases the grade based on -the size. News is queued at grade 'd', and file transfers at grade -'n'. The example above would allow mail (below some large size) to be -received at any time, but would only permit news to be transferred at -night. - ------------------------------- - -From: UUCP-lock-file -Subject: What is the format of a UUCP lock file? - -This discussion applies only to Unix. I have no idea how UUCP locks -ports on other systems. - -UUCP creates files to lock serial ports and systems. On most if not -all systems these same lock files are also used by cu to coordinate -access to serial ports. On some systems getty also uses these lock -files, often under the name uugetty. - -The lock file normally contains the process ID of the locking process. -This makes it easy to determine whether a lock is still valid. The -algorithm is to create a temporary file and then link it to the name -that must be locked. If the link fails because a file with that name -already exists, the existing file is read to get the process ID. If -the process still exists, the lock attempt fails. Otherwise the lock -file is deleted and the locking algorithm is retried. - -Older UUCP packages put the lock files in the main UUCP spool -directory, /usr/spool/uucp. HDB UUCP generally puts the lock files in -a directory of their own, usually /usr/spool/locks or /etc/locks. - -The original UUCP lock file format encodes the process ID as a four -byte binary number. The order of the bytes is host-dependent. HDB -UUCP stores the process ID as a ten byte ASCII decimal number, with a -trailing newline. For example, if process 1570 holds a lock file, it -would contain the eleven characters space, space, space, space, space, -space, one, five, seven, zero, newline. Some versions of UUCP add a -second line indicating which program created the lock (uucp, cu, or -getty/uugetty). I have also seen a third type of UUCP lock file which -does not contain the process ID at all. - -The name of the lock file is traditionally "LCK.." followed by the -base name of the device. For example, to lock /dev/ttyd0 the file -LCK..ttyd0 would be created. On SCO Unix, the lock file name is -always forced to lower case even if the device name has upper case -letters. - -System V Release 4 UUCP names the lock file using the major and minor -device numbers rather than the device name. The file is named -LK.XXX.YYY.ZZZ, where XXX, YYY and ZZZ are all three digit decimal -numbers. XXX is the major device number of the device holding the -directory holding the device file (e.g., /dev). YYY is the major -device number of the device file itself. ZZZ is the minor device -number of the device file itself. If s holds the result of passing -the device to the stat system call (e.g., stat ("/dev/ttyd0", &s)), -the following line of C code will print out the corresponding lock -file name: - printf ("LK.%03d.%03d.%03d", major (s.st_dev), - major (s.st_rdev), minor (s.st_rdev)); -The advantage of this system is that even if there are several links -to the same device, they will all use the same lock file name. - ------------------------------- - -From: X-file -Subject: What is the format of a UUCP X.* file? - -UUCP X.* files control program execution. They are created by uux. -They are transferred between computers just like any other file. The -uuxqt daemon reads them to figure out how to execute the job requested -by uux. - -An X.* file is simply a text file. The first character of each line -is a command, and the remainder of the line supplies arguments. The -following commands are defined: - C command - This gives the command to execute, including the program and - all arguments. For example, - C rmail ian@airs.com - U user system - This names the user who requested the command, and the system - from which the request came. - I standard-input - This names the file from which standard input is taken. If no - standard input file is given, the standard input will probably - be attached to /dev/null. If the standard input file is not - from the system on which the execution is to occur, it will - also appear in an F command. - O standard-output [ system ] - This names the standard output file. The optional second - argument names the system to which the file should be sent. - If there is no second argument, the file should be created on - the executing system. - F required-file [ filename-to-use ] - The F command can appear multiple times. Each F command names - a file which must exist before the execution can proceed. - This will usually be a file which is transferred from the - system on which uux was executed, but it can also be a file - from the local system or some other system. If the file is - not from the local system, then the command will usually name - a file in the spool directory. If the optional second - argument appears, then the file should be copied to the - execution directory under that name. This is necessary for - any file other than the standard input file. If the standard - input file is not from the local system, it will appear in - both an F command and an I command. - R requestor-address - This is the address to which mail about the job should be - sent. It is relative to the system named in the U command. - If the R command does not appear, then mail is sent to the - user named in the U command. - Z - This command takes no arguments. It means that a mail message - should be sent if the command failed. This is the default - behaviour for most modern UUCP packages, and for them the Z - command does not actually do anything. - N - This command takes no arguments. It means that no mail - message should be sent, even if the command failed. - n - This command takes no arguments. It means that a mail message - should be sent if the command succeeded. Normally a message - is sent only if the command failed. - B - This command takes no arguments. It means that the standard - input should be returned with any error message. This can be - useful in cases where the input would otherwise be lost. - e - This command takes no arguments. It means that the command - should be processed with /bin/sh. For some packages this is - the default anyhow. Most packages will refuse to execute - complex commands or commands containing wildcards, because of - the security holes this opens. - E - This command takes no arguments. It means that the command - should be processed with the execve system call. For some - packages this is the default anyhow. - M status-file - This command means that instead of mailing a message, the - message should be copied to the named file on the system named - by the U command. - # comment - This command is ignored, as is any other unrecognized command. - -Here is an example. Given the following command executed on system -test1 - uux - test2!cat - test2!~ian/bar !qux '>~/gorp' -(this is only an example, as most UUCP systems will not permit the cat -command to be executed) Taylor UUCP will produce the following X. -file: - U ian test1 - F D.test1N003r qux - O /usr/spool/uucppublic test1 - F D.test1N003s - I D.test1N003s - C cat - ~ian/bar qux -The standard input will be read into a file and then transferred to -the file D.test1N003s on system test2, and the file qux will be -transferred to D.test1N003r on system test2. When the command is -executed, the latter file will be copied to the execution directory -under the name qux. Note that since the file ~ian/bar is already on -the execution system, no action need be taken for it. The standard -output will be collected in a file, then copied to the directory -/usr/spool/uucppublic on the system test1. - ------------------------------- - -From: UUCP-protocol -Subject: What is the UUCP protocol? - -The UUCP protocol is a conversation between two UUCP packages. A UUCP -conversation consists of three parts: an initial handshake, a series -of file transfer requests, and a final handshake. - -Before the initial handshake, the caller will usually have logged in -the called machine and somehow started the UUCP package there. On -Unix this is normally done by setting the shell of the login name used -to /usr/lib/uucp/uucico. - -All messages in the initial handshake begin with a ^P (a byte with the -octal value \020) and end with a null byte (\000). A few systems end -these messages with a line feed character (\012) instead of a null -byte; the examples below assume a null byte is being used. - -Some options below are supported by QFT, which stands for Queued File -Transfer, and is (or was) an internal Bell Labs version of UUCP. - -Taylor UUCP size negotiation was introduced by Taylor UUCP, and is -also supported by DOS based FSUUCP and Amiga based wUUCP and -UUCP-1.17. - -The initial handshake goes as follows. It is begun by the called -machine. - -called: \020Shere=hostname\000 - The hostname is the UUCP name of the called machine. Older UUCP - packages do not output it, and simply send \020Shere\000. - -caller: \020Shostname options\000 - The hostname is the UUCP name of the calling machine. The - following options may appear (or there may be none): - -QSEQ - Report sequence number for this conversation. The - sequence number is stored at both sites, and incremented - after each call. If there is a sequence number mismatch, - something has gone wrong (somebody may have broken - security by pretending to be one of the machines) and the - call is denied. If the sequence number changes on one of - the machines, perhaps because of an attempted breakin or - because a disk backup was restored, the sequence numbers - on the two machines must be reconciled manually. This is - not supported by FSUUCP. - -xLEVEL - Requests the called system to set its debugging level to - the specified value. This is not supported by all - systems. - -pGRADE - -vgrade=GRADE - Requests the called system to only transfer files of the - specified grade or higher. This is not supported by all - systems. Some systems support -p, some support -vgrade=. - -R - Indicates that the calling UUCP understands how to restart - failed file transmissions. Supported only by System V - Release 4 UUCP and QFT. - -ULIMIT - Reports the ulimit value of the calling UUCP. The limit - is specified as a base 16 number in C notation (e.g., - -U0x1000000). This number is the number of 512 byte - blocks in the largest file which the calling UUCP can - create. The called UUCP may not transfer a file larger - than this. Supported only by System V Release 4 UUCP, QFT - and FSUUCP. FSUUCP reports the lesser of the - available disk space on the spool directory drive and the - ulimit variable in FSUUCP.CFG. - -N - Indicates that the calling UUCP understands the Taylor - UUCP size negotiation extension. Not supported by - traditional UUCP packages. - -called: \020ROK\000 - There are actually several possible responses. - ROK - The calling UUCP is acceptable, and the handshake proceeds - to the protocol negotiation. Some options may also - appear; see below. - ROKN - The calling UUCP is acceptable, it specified -N, and the - called UUCP also understands the Taylor UUCP size limiting - extensions. - RLCK - The called UUCP already has a lock for the calling UUCP, - which normally indicates the two machines are already - communicating. - RCB - The called UUCP will call back. This may be used to avoid - impostors (but only one machine out of each pair should - call back, or no conversation will ever begin). - RBADSEQ - The call sequence number is wrong (see the -Q discussion - above). - RLOGIN - The calling UUCP is using the wrong login name. - RYou are unknown to me - The calling UUCP is not known to the called UUCP, and the - called UUCP does not permit connections from unknown - systems. Some versions of UUCP just drop the line rather - than sending this message. - - If the response is ROK, the following options are supported by - System V Release 4 UUCP and QFT. - -R - The called UUCP knows how to restart failed file - transmissions. - -ULIMIT - Reports the ulimit value of the called UUCP. The limit is - specified as a base 16 number in C notation. This number - is the number of 512 byte blocks in the largest file which - the called UUCP can create. The calling UUCP may not send - a file larger than this. Also supported by FSUUCP. - -xLEVEL - I'm not sure just what this means. It may request the - calling UUCP to set its debugging level to the specified - value. - If the response is not ROK (or ROKN) both sides hang up the phone, - abandoning the call. - -called: \020Pprotocols\000 - Note that the called UUCP outputs two strings in a row. The - protocols string is a list of UUCP protocols supported by the - caller. Each UUCP protocol has a single character name. These - protocols are discussed in more detail later in this document. - For example, the called UUCP might send \020Pgf\000. - -caller: \020Uprotocol\000 - The calling UUCP selects which protocol to use out of the - protocols offered by the called UUCP. If there are no mutually - supported protocols, the calling UUCP sends \020UN\000 and both - sides hang up the phone. Otherwise the calling UUCP sends - something like \020Ug\000. - -Most UUCP packages will consider each locally supported protocol in -turn and select the first one supported by the called UUCP. With some -versions of HDB UUCP, this can be modified by giving a list of -protocols after the device name in the Devices file or the Systems -file. For example, to select the 'e' protocol in Systems, - airs Any ACU,e ... -or in Devices, - ACU,e ttyXX ... -Taylor UUCP provides the ``protocol'' command which may be used either -for a system or a port. - -After the protocol has been selected and the initial handshake has been -completed, both sides turn on the selected protocol. For some -protocols (notably 'g') a further handshake is done at this point. - -Each protocol supports a method for sending a command to the remote -system. This method is used to transmit a series of commands between -the two UUCP packages. At all times, one package is the master and -the other is the slave. Initially, the calling UUCP is the master. - -If a protocol error occurs during the exchange of commands, both sides -move immediately to the final handshake. - -The master will send one of four commands: S, R, X or H. - -Any file name referred to below is either an absolute pathname -beginning with "/", a public directory pathname beginning with "~/", a -pathname relative to a user's home directory beginning with "~USER/", -or a spool directory file name. File names in the spool directory are -not pathnames, but instead are converted to pathnames within the spool -directory by UUCP. They always begin with "C." (for a command file -created by uucp or uux), "D." (for a data file created by uucp, uux or -by an execution, or received from another system for an execution), or -"X." (for an execution file created by uux or received from another -system). - -master: S FROM TO USER -OPTIONS TEMP MODE NOTIFY SIZE - The S and the - are literal characters. This is a request by the - master to send a file to the slave. - FROM - The name of the file to send. If the C option does not - appear in OPTIONS, the master will actually open and send - this file. Otherwise the file has been copied to the - spool directory, where it is named TEMP. The slave - ignores this field unless TO is a directory, in which case - the basename of FROM will be used as the file name. If - FROM is a spool directory filename, it must be a data file - created for or by an execution, and must begin with "D.". - TO - The name to give the file on the slave. If this field - names a directory the file is placed within that directory - with the basename of FROM. A name ending in `/' is taken - to be a directory even if one does not already exist with - that name. If TO begins with `X.', an execution file will - be created on the slave. Otherwise, if TO begins with - `D.' it names a data file to be used by some execution - file. Otherwise, TO should not be in the spool directory. - USER - The name of the user who requested the transfer. - OPTIONS - A list of options to control the transfer. The following - options are defined (all options are single characters): - C - The file has been copied to the spool directory - (the master should use TEMP rather than FROM). - c - The file has not been copied to the spool - directory (this is the default). - d - The slave should create directories as necessary - (this is the default). - f - The slave should not create directories if - necessary, but should fail the transfer instead. - m - The master should send mail to USER when the - transfer is complete (not supported by FSUUCP). - n - The slave should send mail to NOTIFY when the - transfer is complete (not supported by FSUUCP). - TEMP - If the C option appears in OPTIONS, this names the file to - be sent. Otherwise if FROM is in the spool directory, - TEMP is the same as FROM. Otherwise TEMP may be a dummy - string, such as "D.0". After the transfer has been - succesfully completed, the master will delete the file - TEMP. - MODE - This is an octal number giving the mode of the file on - MASTER. If the file is not in the spool directory, the - slave will always create it with mode 0666, except that if - (MODE & 0111) is not zero (the file is executable), the - slave will create the file with mode 0777. If the file is - in the spool directory, some UUCP packages will use the - algorithm above and some will always create the file with - mode 0600. This field is not used by FSUUCP, since it is - meaningless on DOS. - NOTIFY - This field may not be present, and in any case is only - meaningful if the n option appears in OPTIONS. If the n - option appears, then when the transfer is successfully - completed, the slave will send mail to NOTIFY, which must - be a legal mailing address on the slave. If a SIZE field - will appear but the n option does not appear, NOTIFY will - always be present, typically as the string "dummy" or - simply a pair of double quotes. - SIZE - This field is only present when doing Taylor UUCP or SVR4 - UUCP size negotiation, It is the size of the file in - bytes. Taylor UUCP version 1.03 sends the size as a - decimal integer, while versions 1.04 and up, and all other - UUCP packages that support size negotiation, send the size - in base 16 with a leading 0x. - - The slave then responds with an S command response. - SY START - The slave is willing to accept the file, and file transfer - begins. The START field will only be present when using - file restart. It specifies the byte offset into the file - at which to start sending. If this is a new file, START - will be 0x0. - SN2 - The slave denies permission to transfer the file. This - can mean that the destination directory may not be - accessed, or that no requests are permitted. It implies - that the file transfer will never succeed. - SN4 - The slave is unable to create the necessary temporary - file. This implies that the file transfer might succeed - later. - SN6 - This is only used by Taylor UUCP size negotiation. It - means that the slave considers the file too large to - transfer at the moment, but it may be possible to transfer - it at some other time. - SN7 - This is only used by Taylor UUCP size negotiation. It - means that the slave considers the file too large to ever - transfer. - SN8 - This is only used by Taylor UUCP. It means that the file - was already received in a previous conversation. This can - happen if the receive acknowledgement was lost after it - was sent by the receiver but before it was received by the - sender. - SN9 - This is only used by Taylor UUCP (versions 1.05 and up) - and FSUUCP (versions 1.5 and up). It means that the - remote system was unable to open another channel (see the - discussion of the 'i' protocol for more information about - channels). This implies that the file transfer might - succeed later. - SN10 - This is reportedly used by SVR4 UUCP to mean that the file - size is too large. - - If the slave responds with SY, a file transfer begins. When the - file transfer is complete, the slave sends a C command response. - CY - The file transfer was successful. - CYM - The file transfer was successful, and the slave wishes to - become the master; the master should send an H command, - described below. - CN5 - The temporary file could not be moved into the final - location. This implies that the file transfer will never - succeed. - - After the C command response has been received (in the SY case) or - immediately (in an SN case) the master will send another command. - -master: R FROM TO USER -OPTIONS SIZE - The R and the - are literal characters. This is a request by the - master to receive a file from the slave. I do not know how SVR4 - UUCP or QFT implement file transfer restart in this case. - FROM - This is the name of the file on the slave which the master - wishes to receive. It must not be in the spool directory, - and it may not contain any wildcards. - TO - This is the name of the file to create on the master. I - do not believe that it can be a directory. It may only be - in the spool directory if this file is being requested to - support an execution either on the master or on some - system other than the slave. - USER - The name of the user who requested the transfer. - OPTIONS - A list of options to control the transfer. The following - options are defined (all options are single characters): - d - The master should create directories as necessary - (this is the default). - f - The master should not create directories if - necessary, but should fail the transfer instead. - m - The master should send mail to USER when the - transfer is complete. - SIZE - This only appears if Taylor UUCP size negotiation is being - used. It specifies the largest file which the master is - prepared to accept (when using SVR4 UUCP or QFT, this was - specified in the -U option during the initial handshake). - - The slave then responds with an R command response. FSUUCP does - not support R requests, and always responds with RN2. - RY MODE [ SIZE ] - The slave is willing to send the file, and file transfer - begins. MODE is the octal mode of the file on the slave. - The master treats this just as the slave does the MODE - argument in the send command, q.v. I am told that SVR4 - UUCP sends a trailing SIZE argument. For some versions of - BSD UUCP, the MODE argument may have a trailing M - character (e.g., RY 0666M). This means that the slave - wishes to become the master. - RN2 - The slave is not willing to send the file, either because - it is not permitted or because the file does not exist. - This implies that the file request will never succeed. - RN6 - This is only used by Taylor UUCP size negotiation. It - means that the file is too large to send, either because - of the size limit specifies by the master or because the - slave considers it too large. The file transfer might - succeed later, or it might not (this will be cleared up in - a later release of Taylor UUCP). - RN9 - This is only used by Taylor UUCP (versions 1.05 and up) - and FSUUCP (versions 1.5 and up). It means that the - remote system was unable to open another channel (see the - discussion of the 'i' protocol for more information about - channels). This implies that the file transfer might - succeed later. - - If the slave responds with RY, a file transfer begins. When the - file transfer is complete, the master sends a C command. The - slave pretty much ignores this, although it may log it. - CY - The file transfer was successful. - CN5 - The temporary file could not be moved into the final - location. - - After the C command response has been sent (in the RY case) or - immediately (in an RN case) the master will send another command. - -master: X FROM TO USER -OPTIONS - The X and the - are literal characters. This is a request by the - master to, in essence, execute uucp on the slave. The slave - should execute "uucp FROM TO". - FROM - This is the name of the file or files on the slave which - the master wishes to transfer. Any wildcards are expanded - on the slave. If the master is requesting that the files - be transferred to itself, the request would normally - contain wildcard characters, since otherwise an `R' - command would suffice. The master can also use this - command to request that the slave transfer files to a - third system. - TO - This is the name of the file or directory to which the - files should be transferred. This will normally use a - UUCP name. For example, if the master wishes to receive - the files itself, it would use "master!path". - USER - The name of the user who requested the transfer. - OPTIONS - A list of options to control the transfer. It is not - clear which, if any, options are supported by most UUCP - packages. - - The slave then responds with an X command response. FSUUCP does - not support X requests, and always responds with XN. - XY - The request was accepted, and the appropriate file - transfer commands have been queued up for later - processing. - XN - The request was denied. No particular reason is given. - - In either case, the master will then send another command. - -master: H - This is used by the master to hang up the connection. The slave - will respond with an H command response. - HY - The slave agrees to hang up the connection. In this case - the master sends another HY command. In some UUCP - packages the slave will then send a third HY command. At - this point the protocol is shut down, and the final - handshake is begun. - HN - The slave does not agree to hang up. In this case the - master and the slave exchange roles. The next command - will be sent by the former slave, which is the new master. - The roles may be reversed several times during a single - connection. - -After the protocol has been shut down, the final handshake is -performed. This handshake has no real purpose, and some UUCP packages -simply drop the connection rather than do it (in fact, some will drop -the connection immediately after both sides agree to hangup, without -even closing down the protocol). - -caller: \020OOOOOO\000 -called: \020OOOOOOO\000 - -That is, the calling UUCP sends six O's and the called UUCP replies -with seven O's. Some UUCP packages always send six O's. - ------------------------------- - -From: UUCP-g -Subject: What is the 'g' protocol? - -The 'g' protocol is a packet based flow controlled error correcting -protocol that requires an eight bit clear connection. It is the -original UUCP protocol, and is supported by all UUCP implementations. -Many implementations of it are only able to support small window and -packet sizes, specifically a window size of 3 and a packet size of 64 -bytes, but the protocol itself can support up to a window size of 7 -and a packet size of 4096 bytes. Complaints about the inefficiency of -the 'g' protocol generally refer to specific implementations, rather -than to the correctly implemented protocol. - -The 'g' protocol was originally designed for general packet drivers, -and thus contains some features that are not used by UUCP, including -an alternate data channel and the ability to renegotiate packet and -window sizes during the communication session. - -The 'g' protocol is spoofed by many Telebit modems. When spoofing is -in effect, each Telebit modem uses the 'g' protocol to communicate -with the attached computer, but the data between the modems is sent -using a Telebit proprietary error correcting protocol. This allows -for very high throughput over the Telebit connection, which, because -it is half-duplex, would not normally be able to handle the 'g' -protocol very well at all. When a Telebit is spoofing the 'g' -protocol, it forces the packet size to be 64 bytes and the window size -to be 3. - -This discussion of the 'g' protocol explains how it works, but does -not discuss useful error handling techniques. Some discussion of this -can be found in Jamie E. Hanrahan's paper, cited above. - -All 'g' protocol communication is done with packets. Each packet -begins with a six byte header. Control packets consist only of the -header. Data packets contain additional data. - -The header is as follows: - - \020 - Every packet begins with a ^P. - k (1 <= k <= 9) - The k value is always 9 for a control packet. For a data - packet, the k value indicates how much data follows the six - byte header. The amount of data is 2 ** (k + 4), where ** - indicates exponentiation. Thus a k value of 1 means 32 data - bytes and a k value of 8 means 4096 data bytes. The k value - for a data packet must be between 1 and 8 inclusive. - checksum low byte - checksum high byte - The checksum value is described below. - control byte - The control byte indicates the type of packet, and is - described below. - xor byte - This byte is the xor of k, the checksum low byte, the checksum - high byte and the control byte (i.e., the second, third, - fourth and fifth header bytes). It is used to ensure that the - header data is valid. - -The control byte in the header is composed of three bit fields, -referred to here as TT (two bits), XXX (three bits) and YYY (three -bits). The control is TTXXXYYY, or (TT << 6) + (XXX << 3) + YYY. - -The TT field takes on the following values: - 0 - This is a control packet. In this case the k byte in the - header must be 9. The XXX field indicates the type of control - packet; these types are described below. - 1 - This is an alternate data channel packet. This is not used by - UUCP. - 2 - This is a data packet, and the entire contents of the attached - data field (whose length is given by the k byte in the header) - are valid. The XXX and YYY fields are described below. - 3 - This is a short data packet. Let the length of the data field - (as given by the k byte in the header) be L. Let the first - byte in the data field be B1. If B1 is less than 128 (if the - most significant bit of B1 is 0), then there are L - B1 valid - bytes of data in the data field, beginning with the second - byte. If B1 >= 128, let B2 be the second byte in the data - field. Then there are L - ((B1 & 0x7f) + (B2 << 7)) valid - bytes of data in the data field, beginning with the third - byte. In all cases L bytes of data are sent (and all data - bytes participate in the checksum calculation) but some of the - trailing bytes may be dropped by the receiver. The XXX and - YYY fields are described below. - -In a data packet (short or not) the XXX field gives the sequence -number of the packet. Thus sequence numbers can range from 0 to 7, -inclusive. The YYY field gives the sequence number of the last -correctly received packet. - -Each communication direction uses a window which indicates how many -unacknowledged packets may be transmitted before waiting for an -acknowledgement. The window may range from 1 to 7, and may be -different in each direction. For example, if the window is 3 and the -last packet acknowledged was packet number 6, packet numbers 7, 0 and -1 may be sent but the sender must wait for an acknowledgement before -sending packet number 2. This acknowledgement could come as the YYY -field of a data packet or as the YYY field of a RJ or RR control -packet (described below). - -Each packet must be transmitted in order (the sender may not skip -sequence numbers). Each packet must be acknowledged, and each packet -must be acknowledged in order. - -In a control packet, the XXX field takes on the following values: - 1 CLOSE - The connection should be closed immediately. This is - typically sent when one side has seen too many errors and - wants to give up. It is also sent when shutting down the - protocol. If an unexpected CLOSE packet is received, a CLOSE - packet should be sent in reply and the 'g' protocol should - halt, causing UUCP to enter the final handshake. - 2 RJ or NAK - The last packet was not received correctly. The YYY field - contains the sequence number of the last correctly received - packet. - 3 SRJ - Selective reject. The YYY field contains the sequence number - of a packet that was not received correctly, and should be - retransmitted. This is not used by UUCP, and most - implementations will not recognize it. - 4 RR or ACK - Packet acknowledgement. The YYY field contains the sequence - number of the last correctly received packet. - 5 INITC - Third initialization packet. The YYY field contains the - maximum window size to use. - 6 INITB - Second initialization packet. The YYY field contains the - packet size to use. It requests a size of 2 ** (YYY + 5). - Note that this is not the same coding used for the k byte in - the packet header (it is 1 less). Most UUCP implementations - that request a packet size larger than 64 bytes can handle any - packet size up to that specified. - 7 INITA - First initialization packet. The YYY field contains the - maximum window size to use. - -The checksum of a control packet is simply 0xaaaa - the control byte. - -The checksum of a data packet is 0xaaaa - (CHECK ^ the control byte), -where ^ denotes exclusive or, and CHECK is the result of the following -routine as run on the contents of the data field (every byte in the -data field participates in the checksum, even for a short data -packet). Below is the routine used by Taylor UUCP; it is a slightly -modified version of a routine which John Gilmore patched from G.L. -Chesson's original paper. The z argument points to the data and the c -argument indicates how much data there is. - -int -igchecksum (z, c) - register const char *z; - register int c; -{ - register unsigned int ichk1, ichk2; - - ichk1 = 0xffff; - ichk2 = 0; - - do - { - register unsigned int b; - - /* Rotate ichk1 left. */ - if ((ichk1 & 0x8000) == 0) - ichk1 <<= 1; - else - { - ichk1 <<= 1; - ++ichk1; - } - - /* Add the next character to ichk1. */ - b = *z++ & 0xff; - ichk1 += b; - - /* Add ichk1 xor the character position in the buffer counting from - the back to ichk2. */ - ichk2 += ichk1 ^ c; - - /* If the character was zero, or adding it to ichk1 caused an - overflow, xor ichk2 to ichk1. */ - if (b == 0 || (ichk1 & 0xffff) < b) - ichk1 ^= ichk2; - } - while (--c > 0); - - return ichk1 & 0xffff; -} - -When the 'g' protocol is started, the calling UUCP sends an INITA -control packet with the window size it wishes the called UUCP to use. -The called UUCP responds with an INITA packet with the window size it -wishes the calling UUCP to use. Pairs of INITB and INITC packets are -then similarly exchanged. When these exchanges are completed, the -protocol is considered to have been started. - -Note that the window and packet sizes are not a negotiation. Each -system announces the window and packet size which the other system -should use. It is possible that different window and packet sizes -will be used in each direction. The protocol works this way on the -theory that each system knows how much data it can accept without -getting overrun. Therefore, each system tells the other how much data -to send before waiting for an acknowledgement. - -When a UUCP package transmits a command, it sends one or more data -packets. All the data packets will normally be complete, although -some UUCP packages may send the last one as a short packet. The -command string is sent with a trailing null byte, to let the receiving -package know when the command is finished. Some UUCP packages require -the last byte of the last packet sent to be null, even if the command -ends earlier in the packet. Some packages may require all the -trailing bytes in the last packet to be null, but I have not confirmed -this. - -When a UUCP package sends a file, it will send a sequence of data -packets. The end of the file is signalled by a short data packet -containing zero valid bytes (it will normally be preceeded by a short -data packet containing the last few bytes in the file). - -Note that the sequence numbers cover the entire communication session, -including both command and file data. - -When the protocol is shut down, each UUCP package sends a CLOSE -control packet. - ------------------------------- - -From: UUCP-f -Subject: What is the 'f' protocol? - -The 'f' protocol is a seven bit protocol which checksums an entire -file at a time. It only uses the characters between \040 and \176 -(ASCII space and ~) inclusive as well as the carriage return -character. It can be very efficient for transferring text only data, -but it is very inefficient at transferring eight bit data (such as -compressed news). It is not flow controlled, and the checksum is -fairly insecure over large files, so using it over a serial connection -requires handshaking (XON/XOFF can be used) and error correcting -modems. Some people think it should not be used even under those -circumstances. - -I believe the 'f' protocol originated in BSD versions of UUCP. It was -originally intended for transmission over X.25 PAD links. - -The 'f' protocol has no startup or finish protocol. However, both -sides typically sleep for a couple of seconds before starting up, -because they switch the terminal into XON/XOFF mode and want to allow -the changes to settle before beginning transmission. - -When a UUCP package transmits a command, it simply sends a string -terminated by a carriage return. - -When a UUCP package transmits a file, each byte b of the file is -translated according to the following table: - - 0 <= b <= 037: 0172, b + 0100 (0100 to 0137) - 040 <= b <= 0171: b ( 040 to 0171) - 0172 <= b <= 0177: 0173, b - 0100 ( 072 to 077) - 0200 <= b <= 0237: 0174, b - 0100 (0100 to 0137) - 0240 <= b <= 0371: 0175, b - 0200 ( 040 to 0171) - 0372 <= b <= 0377: 0176, b - 0300 ( 072 to 077) - -That is, a byte between \040 and \171 inclusive is transmitted as is, -and all other bytes are prefixed and modified as shown. - -When all the file data is sent, a seven byte sequence is sent: two -bytes of \176 followed by four ASCII bytes of the checksum as printed -in base 16 followed by a carriage return. For example, if the -checksum was 0x1234, this would be sent: "\176\1761234\r". - -The checksum is initialized to 0xffff. For each byte that is sent it -is modified as follows (where b is the byte before it has been -transformed as described above): - - /* Rotate the checksum left. */ - if ((ichk & 0x8000) == 0) - ichk <<= 1; - else - { - ichk <<= 1; - ++ichk; - } - - /* Add the next byte into the checksum. */ - ichk += b; - -When the receiving UUCP sees the checksum, it compares it against its -own calculated checksum and replies with a single character followed -by a carriage return. - G - The file was received correctly. - R - The checksum did not match, and the file should be resent from - the beginning. - Q - The checksum did not match, but too many retries have occurred - and the communication session should be abandoned. - -The sending UUCP checks the returned character and acts accordingly. - ------------------------------- - -From: UUCP-t -Subject: What is the 't' protocol? - -The 't' protocol is intended for use on links which provide reliable -end-to-end connections, such as TCP. It does no error checking or -flow control, and requires an eight bit clear channel. - -I believe the 't' protocol originated in BSD versions of UUCP. - -When a UUCP package transmits a command, it first gets the length of -the command string, C. It then sends ((C / 512) + 1) * 512 bytes (the -smallest multiple of 512 which can hold C bytes plus a null byte) -consisting of the command string itself followed by trailing null -bytes. - -When a UUCP package sends a file, it sends it in blocks. Each block -contains at most 1024 bytes of data. Each block consists of four -bytes containing the amount of data in binary (most significant byte -first, the same format as used by the Unix function htonl) followed by -that amount of data. The end of the file is signalled by a block -containing zero bytes of data. - ------------------------------- - -From: UUCP-e -Subject: What is the 'e' protocol? - -The 'e' protocol is similar to the 't' protocol. It does no flow -control or error checking and is intended for use over networks -providing reliable end-to-end connections, such as TCP. - -The 'e' protocol originated in versions of HDB UUCP. - -When a UUCP package transmits a command, it simply sends the command -as an ASCII string terminated by a null byte. - -When a UUCP package transmits a file, it sends the complete size of -the file as an ASCII decimal number. The ASCII string is padded out -to 20 bytes with null bytes (i.e. if the file is 1000 bytes long, it -sends "1000\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0"). It then sends the -entire file. - ------------------------------- - -From: UUCP-G -Subject: What is the 'G' protocol? - -The 'G' protocol is used by SVR4 UUCP. It is identical to the 'g' -protocol, except that it is possible to modify the window and packet -sizes. The SVR4 implementation of the 'g' protocol reportedly is -fixed at a packet size of 64 and a window size of 7. Supposedly SVR4 -chose to implement a new protocol using a new letter to avoid any -potential incompatibilities when using different packet or window -sizes. - -Most implementations of the 'g' protocol that accept packets larger -than 64 bytes will also accept packets smaller than whatever they -requested in the INITB packet. The SVR4 'G' implementation is an -exception; it will only accept packets of precisely the size it -requests in the INITB packet. - ------------------------------- - -From: UUCP-i -Subject: What is the 'i' protocol? - -The 'i' protocol was written by Ian Lance Taylor (who also wrote this -FAQ). It is used by Taylor UUCP version 1.04. - -It is a sliding window packet protocol, like the 'g' protocol, but it -supports bidirectional transfers (i.e., file transfers in both -directions simultaneously). It requires an eight bit clear -connection. Several ideas for the protocol were taken from the paper -``A High-Throughput Message Transport System'' by P. Lauder. I don't -know where the paper was published, but the author's e-mail address is -piers@cs.su.oz.au. The 'i' protocol does not adopt his main idea, -which is to dispense with windows entirely. This is because some -links still do require flow control and, more importantly, because -using windows sets a limit to the amount of data which the protocol -must be able to resend upon request. To reduce the costs of window -acknowledgements, the protocol uses a large window and only requires -an ack at the halfway point. - -Each packet starts with a six byte header, optionally followed by data -bytes with a four byte checksum. There are currently five defined -packet types (DATA, SYNC, ACK, NAK, SPOS, CLOSE) which are described -below. Although any packet type may include data, any data provided -with an ACK, NAK or CLOSE packet is ignored. - -Every DATA, SPOS and CLOSE packet has a sequence number. The sequence -numbers are independent for each side. The first packet sent by each -side is always number 1. Each packet is numbered one greater than the -previous packet, modulo 32. - -Every packet has a local channel number and a remote channel number. -For all packets at least one channel number is zero. When a UUCP -command is sent to the remote system, it is assigned a non-zero local -channel number. All packets associated with that UUCP command sent by -the local system are given the selected local channel number. All -associated packets sent by the remote system are given the selected -number as the remote channel number. This permits each UUCP command -to be uniquely identified by the channel number on the originating -system, and therefore each UUCP package can associate all file data -and UUCP command responses with the appropriate command. This is a -requirement for bidirectional UUCP transfers. - -The protocol maintains a single global file position, which starts at -0. For each incoming packet, any associated data is considered to -occur at the current file position, and the file position is -incremented by the amount of data contained. The exception is a -packet of type SPOS, which is used to change the file position. -The reason for keeping track of the file position is described below. - -The header is as follows: - - \007 - Every packet begins with ^G. - (PACKET << 3) + LOCCHAN - The five bit packet number combined with the three bit local - channel number. DATA, SPOS and CLOSE packets use the packet - sequence number for the PACKET field. NAK packet types use - the PACKET field for the sequence number to be resent. ACK - and SYNC do not use the PACKET field, and generally leave it - set to 0. Packets which are not associated with a UUCP - command from the local system use a local channel number of 0. - (ACK << 3) + REMCHAN - The five bit packet acknowledgement combined with the three - bit remote channel number. The packet acknowledgement is the - number of the last packet successfully received; it is used by - all packet types. Packets which are not sent in response to a - UUCP command from the remote system use a remote channel - number of 0. - (TYPE << 5) + (CALLER << 4) + LEN1 - The three bit packet type combined with the one bit packet - direction combined with the upper four bits of the data - length. The packet direction bit is always 1 for packets sent - by the calling UUCP, and 0 for packets sent by the called - UUCP. This prevents confusion caused by echoed packets. - LEN2 - The lower eight bits of the data length. The twelve bits of - data length permit packets ranging in size from 0 to 4095 - bytes. - CHECK - The exclusive or of the second through fifth bytes of the - header. This provides an additional check that the header is - valid. - -If the data length is non-zero, the packet is immediately followed by -the specified number of data bytes. The data bytes are followed by a -four byte CRC 32 checksum, with the most significant byte first. The -CRC is calculated over the contents of the data field. - -The defined packet types are as follows: - - 0 (DATA) - This is a plain data packet. - 1 (SYNC) - SYNC packets are exchanged when the protocol is initialized, - and are described further below. SYNC packets do not carry - sequence numbers (that is, the PACKET field is ignored). - 2 (ACK) - This is an acknowledgement packet. Since DATA packets also - carry packet acknowledgements, ACK packets are only used when - one side has no data to send. ACK packets do not carry - sequence numbers. - 3 (NAK) - This is a negative acknowledgement. This is sent when a - packet is received incorrectly, and means that the packet - number appearing in the PACKET field must be resent. NAK - packets do not carry sequence numbers (the PACKET field is - already used). - 4 (SPOS) - This packet changes the file position. The packet contains - four bytes of data holding the file position, most significant - byte first. The next packet received will be considered to be - at the named file position. - 5 (CLOSE) - When the protocol is shut down, each side sends a CLOSE - packet. This packet does have a sequence number, which could - be used to ensure that all packets were correctly received - (this is not needed by UUCP, however, which uses the higher - level H command with an HY response). - -When the protocol starts up, both systems send a SYNC packet. The -SYNC packet includes at least three bytes of data. The first two -bytes are the maximum packet size the remote system should send, most -significant byte first. The third byte is the window size the remote -system should use. The remote system may send packets of any size up -to the maximum. If there is a fourth byte, it is the number of -channels the remote system may use (this must be between 1 and 7, -inclusive). Additional data bytes may be defined in the future. - -The window size is the number of packets that may be sent before a -packet is acknowledged. There is no requirement that every packet be -acknowledged; any acknowledgement is considered to acknowledge all -packets through the number given. In the current implementation, if -one side has no data to send, it sends an ACK when half the window is -received. - -Note that the NAK packet corresponds to the unused 'g' protocol SRJ -packet type, rather than to the RJ packet type. When a NAK is -received, only the named packet should be resent, not any subsequent -packets. - -Note that if both sides have data to send, but a packet is lost, it is -perfectly reasonable for one side to continue sending packets, all of -which will acknowledge the last packet correctly received, while the -system whose packet was lost will be unable to send a new packet -because the send window will be full. In this circumstance, neither -side will time out and one side of the communication will be -effectively shut down for a while. Therefore, any system with -outstanding unacknowledged packets should arrange to time out and -resend a packet even if data is being received. - -Commands are sent as a sequence of data packets with a non-zero local -channel number. The last data packet for a command includes a -trailing null byte (normally a command will fit in a single data -packet). Files are sent as a sequence of data packets ending with one -of length zero. - -The channel numbers permit a more efficient implementation of the UUCP -file send command. Rather than send the command and then wait for the -SY response before sending the file, the file data is sent beginning -immediately after the S command is sent. If an SN response is -received, the file send is aborted, and a final data packet of length -zero is sent to indicate that the channel number may be reused. If an -SY reponse with a file position indicator is received, the file send -adjusts to the file position; this is why the protocol maintains a -global file position. - -Note that the use of channel numbers means that each UUCP system may -send commands and file data simultaneously. Moreover, each UUCP -system may send multiple files at the same time, using the channel -number to disambiguate the data. Sending a file before receiving an -acknowledgement for the previous file helps to eliminate the round -trip delays inherent in other UUCP protocols. - ------------------------------- - -From: UUCP-j -Subject: What is the 'j' protocol? - -The 'j' protocol is a variant of the 'i' protocol. It was also -written by Ian Lance Taylor, and first appeared in Taylor UUCP version -1.04. - -The 'j' protocol is a version of the 'i' protocol designed for -communication links which intercept a few characters, such as XON or -XOFF. It is not efficient to use it on a link which intercepts many -characters, such as a seven bit link. The 'j' protocol performs no -error correction or detection; that is presumed to be the -responsibility of the 'i' protocol. - -When the 'j' protocol starts up, each system sends a printable ASCII -string indicating which characters it wants to avoid using. The -string begins with the ASCII character '^' (octal 136) and ends with -the ASCII character '~' (octal 176). After sending this string, each -system looks for the corresponding string from the remote system. The -strings are composed of escape sequences: \ooo, where o is an octal -digit. For example, sending the string ^\021\023~ means that the -ASCII XON and XOFF characters should be avoided. The union of the -characters described in both strings (the string which is sent and the -string which is received) is the set of characters which must be -avoided in this conversation. Avoiding a printable ASCII character -(octal 040 to octal 176, inclusive) is not permitted. - -After the exchange of characters to avoid, the normal 'i' protocol -start up is done, and the rest of the conversation uses the normal 'i' -protocol. However, each 'i' protocol packet is wrapped to become a -'j' protocol packet. - -Each 'j' protocol packet consists of a seven byte header, followed by -data bytes, followed by index bytes, followed by a one byte trailer. -The packet header looks like this: - - ^ - Every packet begins with the ASCII character '^', octal 136. - HIGH - LOW - These two characters give the total number of bytes in the - packet. Both HIGH and LOW are printable ASCII characters. - The length of the packet is (HIGH - 040) * 0100 + (LOW - 040), - where 040 <= HIGH < 0177 and 040 <= LOW < 0140. This permits - a length of 6079 bytes, but there is a further restriction on - packet size described below. - = - The ASCII character '=', octal 075. - DATA-HIGH - DATA-LOW - These two characters give the total number of data bytes in - the packet. The encoding is as described for HIGH and LOW. - The number of data bytes is the size of the 'i' protocol - packet wrapped inside this 'j' protocol packet. - @ - The ASCII character '@', octal 100. - -The header is followed by the number of data bytes given in DATA-HIGH -and DATA-LOW. These data bytes are the 'i' protocol packet which is -being wrapped in the 'j' protocol packet. However, each character in -the 'i' protocol packet which the 'j' protocol must avoid is -transformed into a printable ASCII character (recall that avoiding a -printable ASCII character is not permitted). Two index bytes are used -for each character which must be transformed. - -The index bytes immediately follow the data bytes. The index bytes -are created in pairs. Each pair of index bytes encodes the location -of a character in the 'i' protocol packet which was transformed to -become a printable ASCII character. Each pair of index bytes also -encodes the precise transformation which was performed. - -When the sender finds a character which must be avoided, it will -transform it using one or two operations. If the character is 0200 or -greater, it will subtract 0200. If the resulting character is less -than 020, or is equal to 0177, it will xor by 020. The result is -a printable ASCII character. - -The zero based byte index of the character within the 'i' protocol -packet is determined. This index is turned into a two byte printable -ASCII index, INDEX-HIGH and INDEX-LOW, such that the index is -(INDEX-HIGH - 040) * 040 + (INDEX-LOW - 040). INDEX-LOW is restricted -such that 040 <= INDEX-LOW < 0100. INDEX-HIGH is not permitted to be -0176, so 040 <= INDEX-HIGH < 0176. INDEX-LOW is then modified to -encode the transformation: - - If the character transformation only had to subtract 0200, then - INDEX-LOW is used as is. - - If the character transformation only had to xor by 020, then 040 - is added to INDEX-LOW. - - If both operations had to be performed, then 0100 is added to - INDEX-LOW. However, if the value of INDEX-LOW were initially 077, - then adding 0100 would result in 0177, which is not a printable - ASCII character. For that special case, INDEX-HIGH is set to - 0176, and INDEX-LOW is set to the original value of INDEX-HIGH. - -The receiver decodes the index bytes as follows (this is the reverse -of the operations performed by the sender, presented here for -additional clarity): - - The first byte in the index is INDEX-HIGH, and the second is - INDEX-LOW. - - If 040 <= INDEX-HIGH < 0176, the index refers to the data byte at - position (INDEX-HIGH - 040) * 040 + INDEX-LOW % 040. - - If 040 <= INDEX-LOW < 0100, then 0200 must be added to indexed - byte. - - If 0100 <= INDEX-LOW < 0140, then 020 must be xor'ed to the - indexed byte. - - If 0140 <= INDEX-LOW < 0177, then 0200 must be added to the - indexed byte, and 020 must be xor'ed to the indexed byte. - - If INDEX-HIGH == 0176, the index refers to the data byte at - position (INDEX-LOW - 040) * 040 + 037. 0200 must be added to the - indexed byte, and 020 must be xor'ed to the indexed byte. - -This means the largest 'i' protocol packet which may be wrapped inside -a 'j' protocol packet is (0175 - 040) * 040 + (077 - 040) == 3007 -bytes. - -The final character in a 'j' protocol packet, following the index -bytes, is the ASCII character '~' (octal 176). - -The motivation behind using an indexing scheme, rather than escape -characters, is to avoid data movement. The sender may simply add a -header and a trailer to the 'i' protocol packet. Once the receiver -has loaded the 'j' protocol packet, it may scan the index bytes, -transforming the data bytes, and then pass the data bytes directly on -to the 'i' protocol routine. - ------------------------------- - -From: UUCP-x -Subject: What is the 'x' protocol? - -The 'x' protocol is used in Europe (and probably elsewhere) with -machines that contain an builtin X.25 card and can send eight bit data -transparently across X.25 circuits, without interference from the X.28 -or X.29 layers. The protocol sends packets of 512 bytes, and relies -on a write of zero bytes being read as zero bytes without stopping -communication. It first appeared in the original System V UUCP -implementation. - ------------------------------- - -From: UUCP-y -Subject: What is the 'y' protocol? - -The 'y' protocol was developed by Jorge Cwik for use in FX UUCICO, a -PC uucico program. It is designed for communication lines which -handle error correction and flow control. It is a streaming protocol, -like the 'f' protocol. It requires an eight bit clean connection. It -performs error detection, but not error correction; when an error is -detected, the line is dropped. I do not know the implementation -details. - ------------------------------- - -From: UUCP-d -Subject: What is the 'd' protocol? - -This is apparently used for DataKit muxhost (not RS-232) connections. -No file size is sent. When a file has been completely transferred, a -write of zero bytes is done; this must be read as zero bytes on the -other end. - ------------------------------- - -From: UUCP-h -Subject: What is the 'h' protocol? - -This is apparently used in some places with HST modems. It does no -error checking, and is not that different from the 't' protocol. I -don't know the details. - ------------------------------- - -From: UUCP-v -Subject: What is the 'v' protocol? - -The 'v' protocol is used by UUPC/extended, a PC UUCP program. It is -simply a version of the 'g' protocol which supports packets of any -size, and also supports sending packets of different sizes during the -same conversation. There are many 'g' protocol implementations which -support both, but there are also many which do not. Using 'v' ensures -that everything is supported. - ------------------------------- - -From: Thanks -Subject: Thanks - -Besides the papers and information acknowledged at the top of this -article, the following people have contributed help, advice, -suggestions and information: - Earle Ake 513-429-6500 <ake@Dayton.SAIC.COM> - cambler@nike.calpoly.edu (Christopher J. Ambler) - jhc@iscp.bellcore.com (Jonathan Clark) - jorge@laser.satlink.net (Jorge Cwik) - celit!billd@UCSD.EDU (Bill Davidson) - "Drew Derbyshire" <ahd@kew.com> - erik@pdnfido.fidonet.org - Matthew Farwell <dylan@ibmpcug.co.uk> - dgilbert@gamiga.guelphnet.dweomer.org (David Gilbert) - kherron@ms.uky.edu (Kenneth Herron) - Mike Ipatow <mip@fido.itc.e-burg.su> - Romain Kang <romain@pyramid.com> - "Jonathan I. Kamens" <jik@GZA.COM> - "David J. MacKenzie" <djm@eng.umd.edu> - jum@helios.de (Jens-Uwe Mager) - peter@xpoint.ruessel.sub.org (Peter Mandrella) - david nugent <david@csource.oz.au> - Stephen.Page@prg.oxford.ac.uk - joey@tessi.UUCP (Joey Pruett) - James Revell <revell@uunet.uu.net> - Larry Rosenman <ler@lerami.lerctr.org> - Rich Salz <rsalz@bbn.com> - evesg@etlrips.etl.go.jp (Gjoen Stein) - kls@ditka.Chicago.COM (Karl Swartz) - Dima Volodin <dvv@hq.demos.su> - jon@console.ais.org (Jon Zeeff) - Eric Ziegast <ziegast@uunet.uu.net> - ------------------------------- - -End of UUCP Internals Frequently Asked Questions -****************************** --- -Ian Taylor | ian@airs.com | First to identify quote wins free e-mail message: -``You don't have to sleep. That's just something *they* tell you to keep - *control* over you. Nobody has to sleep; you're *taught* to sleep when - you're a kid. If you're really determined, you can get over it.'' diff --git a/share/FAQ/Text/ctm.FAQ b/share/FAQ/Text/ctm.FAQ deleted file mode 100644 index 9dc0d05..0000000 --- a/share/FAQ/Text/ctm.FAQ +++ /dev/null @@ -1,191 +0,0 @@ -# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -# "THE BEER-WARE LICENSE" (Revision 42): -# <phk@login.dknet.dk> wrote this file. As long as you retain this notice you -# can do whatever you want with this stuff. If we meet some day, and you think -# this stuff is worth it, you can buy me a beer in return. Poul-Henning Kamp -# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -# -# $Id: ctm.FAQ,v 1.6 1995/03/16 22:03:09 phk Exp $ -# - - Obtaining FreeBSD-current sources using CTM. - ============================================ - -CTM is a method for keeping a remote directory tree in sync with a -central one. It has been developed for usage with FreeBSD's source -trees, though other people may find it useful for other purposes as -time goes by. Little, if any, documentation currently exists at this -time on the process of creating deltas so talk to phk@FreeBSD.org for -more information should you wish to use CTM for other things. - - -Why should I use CTM ? ----------------------- -CTM will give you a local copy of the "FreeBSD-current" sources. If -you are an active developer on FreeBSD, but have lousy or non-existent -TCP/IP connectivity, CTM was made for you. You will need to transfer -up to four deltas per day (or you can have them arrive in email -automatically), the sizes for which are always kept as small as -possible. This is typically less than 5K, with the occasional (one in -ten) being 10-50K and every now and then a biggie of 100K+ or more -coming around. - -You will also need to make yourself aware of the various caveats in -running "current" sources, and for this it is recommended that you -refer to the relevant FAQ: /usr/share/FAQ/current-policy.FAQ - - -What do I need to use CTM? --------------------------- - -You will need two things: The "ctm" program and the initial deltas to -feed it (to get up to "current" levels). - -The ctm program is in the FreeBSD-current tree from version 2.0.0 and -forward (/usr/src/usr.sbin/ctm). If you are running an older version -of FreeBSD, you can fetch the current ctm sources directly from: - - ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/FreeBSD-current/src/usr.sbin/ctm/ - -The "deltas" you feed ctm can be had two ways, ftp or email. If you -have general ftp access to the Internet, then the following ftp sites -support access to CTM: - - ftp://freefall.cdrom.com/pub/CTM - -Ftp the the relevant directory and fetch the README file, starting -from there. - -If you only have access to electronic mail or are otherwise blocked -from using ftp, then you may wish to receive your deltas via email: - -Send email to majordomo@freebsd.org to subscribe to the list -"ctm-src-cur" (if you do not know how to subscribe yourself using -majordomo, send a message first containing the word `help' - it will -send you back usage instructions). - -When you begin receiving your CTM updates in the mail, you may use the -ctm_rmail program to unpack and apply them with. You can actually use -the ctm_rmail program directly from a entry in /etc/aliases if you -want. Check the "ctm_rmail" man page for more details. - -NOTE: ------ - -No matter what method you use to get the CTM deltas, you should subscribe -to the ctm-announce@freebsd.org mailing list. In the future this will be -the only place where announcements about the operation of the CTM system -will be posted. Send an email to majordomo@freebsd.org with a single -line of "subscribe ctm-announce" to get added to the list. - - -Starting off with CTM for the first time: ------------------------------------------ - -Before you can start using CTM deltas, you will need to get a special -"base" delta that provides a starting point for all deltas produced -subsequently to it. - -You can recognize a base delta by the 'A' appended to the number -(src-cur.0341A.gz for instance). As a rule a base delta is produced -every 100 deltas, the next one will be src-cur.0400A.gz. -By the way, they are large! 25 to 30 Megabytes of gzip'ed data is -common for a base delta. - -If you do have the 2.0-RELEASE srcdist, you can instead retreive the -src-cur.0372R20.gz file, it's only 4Mb and it will take you to current -from the 2.0-RELEASE sources. - -Once you've picked a base delta to start from, you will also need all -deltas with higher numbers following it. - - -Using CTM in your daily life: ------------------------------ - -To apply the deltas, simply say - - cd /where/ever/you/want/the/stuff - ctm -v -v /where/you/store/your/deltas/src-cur.* - -CTM understands deltas which have been put through gzip, so you don't -need to gunzip them first, this saves diskspace. - -Unless it feels very secure about the entire process, ctm will not -touch your tree. To check out a delta you can also use the "-c" flag -and CTM won't actually touch your tree, but only check the integrity -of the delta, and see if it would apply cleanly to the tree. - -There are other options to ctm as well, look in the sources. - -I would also be very happy if somebody could help with the "user -interface" portions, as I have realized that I can't make up my mind -on what options should do what, how and when... - -That's really all there is to it. Everytime you get a new delta, you -run it through ctm. - -Don't remove the deltas, if they are hard to download again. You just -might want to keep them around in case something bad happens. Even if -you only have floppy disks, consider using "fdwrite" to make a copy. - - -Plans: ------- - -Tons of them: - - - Make local modifications to the tree possible. One way to do it - could be this: - When CTM wants to edit the file "foo/bar.c", it would first check - for the existense of "foo/bar.c#ctm" If this file exists, the - delta is applied to it instead. This way the foo/bar.c file can - be edited to suit local needs. - - Make a "restore file(s)" option to ctm, something like: - ctm -r src/sys/i386/wd.c /here/are/my/deltas/src-cur.* - would restore wd.c to the current status from the files. - - Clean up the options to ctm, they became confusing and - counter intuitive. - -The bad news is that I am very busy, so any help in doing this will be -most welcome. And don't forget to tell me what you want also... - - -Misc. stuff: ------------- - -All the "DES infected" (e.g. export controlled) source is not included. -You will get the "international" version only. If sufficient interest -appears, we will set up a "sec-cur" sequence too. - -If you are a frequent or valuable contributor to FreeBSD, I will be -willing to arrange special services, one option is delivery via ftp or -rcp to a machine closer to you. You need to have earned this, since -it takes time to do, but I'll be all the more happy to do it for you -then. - -There is a sequence of deltas for the ports collection too, but interest -has not been all that high yet. Tell me if you want an email list for -that too and we'll consider setting it up. - -If you have commit priviledges or are similary authorized by the -FreeBSD core team, you can also get access to the CVS repository tree -by the same means. Contact me (phk@FreeBSD.org) for details. - - -Thanks! -------- - -Bruce Evans, for his pointed pen and invaluable comments. -Soren Schmidt, for patience. -Stephen McKay, wrote ctm_[rs]mail, much appreciated. -Jordan Hubbard, for being so stubborn that I had to make it better. -All the users, I hope you like it... - -Comments ? ----------- - -email phk@FreeBSD.org - - -Poul-Henning diff --git a/share/FAQ/Text/current-policy.FAQ b/share/FAQ/Text/current-policy.FAQ deleted file mode 100644 index dd61dbd..0000000 --- a/share/FAQ/Text/current-policy.FAQ +++ /dev/null @@ -1,170 +0,0 @@ - THE FREEBSD CURRENT POLICY - -Last updated: $Date: 1995/02/27 08:25:50 $ - -This document attempts to explain the rationale behind FreeBSD-current, -what you should expect should you decide to run it, and states some -prerequisites for making sure the process goes as smoothly as possible. - - -1. What is FreeBSD-current? - -FreeBSD-current is, quite literally, nothing more than a daily snapshot of -the working sources for FreeBSD. These include work in progress, experimental -changes, and transitional mechanisms that may or may not be present in -the next official release of the software. While many of us compile -almost daily from FreeBSD-current sources, there are periods of time when -the sources are literally uncompilable. These problems are generally resolved -as expeditiously as possible, but whether or not FreeBSD-current sources bring -disaster or greatly desired functionality can literally be a matter of which -part of any given 24 hour period you grabbed them in! Please read on.. - -Under certain circumstances we will sometimes make binaries for parts of -FreeBSD-current available, but only because we're interested in getting -something tested, not because we're in the business of providing binary -releases of current. If we don't offer, please don't ask! It takes far -too much time to do this as a general task. - - -2. Who needs FreeBSD-current? - -FreeBSD-current is made generally available for 3 primary interest groups: - - 1. Members of the FreeBSD group who are actively working on one - part or another of the source tree and for whom keeping `current' - is an absolute requirement. - - 2. Members of the FreeBSD group who are active ALPHA/BETA testers - and willing to spend time working through problems in order to - ensure that FreeBSD-current remains as sane as possible. These - are also people who wish to make topical suggestions on changes - and the general direction of FreeBSD. - - 3. Peripheral members of the FreeBSD (or some other) group who merely - wish to keep an eye on things and use the current sources for - reference purposes (e.g. for *reading*, not running). These - people also make the occasional comment or contribute code. - - -3. What is FreeBSD-current _NOT_? - - 1. A fast-track to getting pre-release bits because there's something - you heard was pretty cool in there and you want to be the first on - your block to have it. - - 2. A quick way of getting bug fixes. - - 3. In any way "officially supported" by us. - - We do our best to help people genuinely in one of the 3 - "legitimate" FreeBSD-current catagories, but we simply DO NOT - HAVE THE TIME to help every person who jumps into FreeBSD-current - with more enthusiasm than knowledge of how to deal with - experimental system software. This is not because we're mean and - nasty people who don't like helping people out (we wouldn't even be - doing FreeBSD if we were), it's literally because we can't answer - 400 messages a day AND actually work on FreeBSD! I'm sure if - given the choice between having us answer lots of questions or - continue to improve FreeBSD, most of you would vote for us - improving it (and so would we! :-). - - -4. Ok. I still think I "qualify" for FreeBSD-current, so what do I do? - - 1. Join the freebsd-hackers and freebsd-commit mailing lists. - This is not just a good idea, it's ESSENTIAL. If you aren't on - freebsd-hackers, you won't read the comments that people are - making about the current state of the system and thus will end - up stumbling over a lot of problems that others have already - found and solved. Even more importantly, you will miss out on - potentially critical information (e.g. "Yo, Everybody! Before you - rebuild /usr/src, you MUST rebuild the kernel or your system - will crash horribly!"). - - The freebsd-commit list will allow you to see the commit log - entry for each change as its made. This can also contain - important information, and will let you know what parts of the - system are being actively changed. - - To join these lists, send mail to `majordomo@FreeBSD.ORG' - and say: - - subscribe freebsd-hackers - subscribe freebsd-commit - - In the body of your message. Optionally, you can also say `help' - and MajorDomo will send you full help on how to subscribe and - unsubscribe to the various other mailing lists we support. - - 2. Grab the sources from ftp.FreeBSD.ORG. You can do this in - three ways: - - 1. Using the CTM facility. Read the ctm.FAQ file for more - information. Unless you have a good TCP/IP connection at - a flat rate, this is the way to do it. - - 2. Use the CMU `sup' program (Software Update Protocol). - This is the second most recommended method, since it allows - you to grab the entire collection once and then only what's - changed from then on. Many people run sup from cron - and keep their sources up-to-date automatically. - - The problem is that sup does not use the bandwidth efficient, - unless the round-trip is very fast. If the cost of connection - or the duration of the session is a concern, use CTM. - - To get a binary of the sup program for FreeBSD, as well - as the documentation and some sample configuration files, - look in: - - FreeBSD.ORG:~ftp/pub/sup - - 3. Use ftp. The source tree for FreeBSD-current is always - "exported" on: - - ftp.FreeBSD.ORG:~ftp/pub/FreeBSD/FreeBSD-current - - We use `wu-ftpd' which allows compressed/tar'd grabbing - of whole trees. e.g. you see: - - usr.bin/lex - - You can do: - - ftp> cd usr.bin - ftp> get lex.tar.Z - - And it will get the whole directory for you as a compressed - tar file. - - 3. If you're grabbing the sources to run, and not just look at, - then grab ALL of current, not just selected portions. The - reason for this is that various parts of the source depend on - updates elsewhere and trying to compile just a subset is almost - guaranteed to get you into trouble. - - 4. Before compiling current, read the Makefile in /usr/src - carefully. You'll see one-time targets like `bootstrapld' - which *MUST* be run as part of the upgrading process. Reading - freebsd-hackers will keep you up-to-date on other bootstrapping - procedures that sometimes become necessary as we move towards - the next release. - - 5. Be active! If you're running FreeBSD-current, we want to know - what you have to say about it, especially if you have suggestions - for enhancements or bug fixes. Suggestions with accompanying code - are received most enthusiastically! :-) - - -Thank you for taking the time to read this all the way through. We're -always very keen to remain "open" and share the fruits of our labor -with the widest possible audience, but sharing development sources has -always had certain pitfalls associated with it (which is why most -commercial organizations won't even consider it) and I want to make -sure that people at least come into this with their eyes open, and -don't make the leap unless they're good at working without a net! - - Jordan - - - diff --git a/share/FAQ/Text/diskspace.FAQ b/share/FAQ/Text/diskspace.FAQ deleted file mode 100644 index b696f1c..0000000 --- a/share/FAQ/Text/diskspace.FAQ +++ /dev/null @@ -1,267 +0,0 @@ - How to assign disk space to FreeBSD. - -$Id: diskspace.FAQ,v 1.2 1995/01/03 15:54:02 gclarkii Exp $ - -1.0 Getting started. ---------------------- - -After a general introduction, you will find some explanation on what you -need to do to assign space to FreeBSD on your disk(s). This is done -through the "sysinstall" program, which lives on the inital boot floppy. -Those already expert with PCs may wish to skip ahead to section 1.2, the -rest of you may (or may not) enjoy the brief history lesson. - - -1.1 The ins and outs of allocating disk storage on your PC. ------------------------------------------------------------- - -Modern hard disk drives are now getting big enough that people don't want -to allocate all of one to just one operating system anymore, especially -given the increasing size of disk drives (the latest 9.0 Gbyte models -holding the equivalent of some six thousand 1.44MB floppies!) and the -virtual explosion of operating system options available for the PC. To -solve this problem, IBM came up with a scheme for "slicing" the disks -into more manageable chunks, or partitions. It works, but only just. -To better understand why, first a brief bit of history: - -MS-DOS, when hard disk support was unceremoniously grafted on back in the -late eighties, didn't have such "slices". What it had was a way to install -Xenix and MS-DOS on the same disk (Remember when Microsoft were in the UNIX -business?). - -In the first sector on the disk was a piece of "primary boot code" and a -table with four entries. Each of those entries pointed at an arbitrary -slice of the disk, with one of them was marked "active". The machine would -boot by reading the first sector containing the boot code into RAM and then -jumping to it. The job of this small piece of boot code was to look at -the 4 entry table and decide which OS was to be booted by looking -for the "active" flag. It would go and load the first sector of that slice -of the disk into RAM and then and jump to it in turn. This bit of boot -code was called the "secondary boot", and could be specific to a given -operating system. The primary boot code and 4-entry table is known -as the Master Boot Record, or MBR, and is very important to the proper -operation of your PC! We will discuss the MBR in more detail later. - -It was later realized, with the hindsight that IBM is famous for, that disks -could be bigger than the 32Mb that the early DOS FAT-12 file system could -handle, so they added a kludge: They had two MSDOS slices, a "Primary" and -a "Secondary". The primary could still only be 32Mb, but the Secondary had -no size limit. And the trick was that the secondary had ANOTHER "table -entry" so that now suddenly up to 5 slices could be available to MS-DOS. -The Secondary boot record was later made recursive, thus effectively -avoiding any fixed limit. Of course, they were still stuck with a maximum -of 26 slices given the use of "drive letters" in DOS. They also reserved -only 10 bits for cylinder addressing, limiting DOS to being able to address -a maximum of 1024 cylinders (and cause of the dreaded "cylinder translation" -kludges, the misconfiguration of which many users have seen as the notorious -"Missing Operating System" message). Yes, truly DOS was and is an utterly -terrible operating system, which of course explains its amazing degree of -success. Anyway, this all brings us up to today, which is where FreeBSD -comes in: - - -1.2 What FreeBSD does ----------------------- -FreeBSD has, like any other UNIX-like operating system, the concept of -"partitions." Partitions are used to implement its own "slicing" -abstraction, and although there is no real difference between a slice and a -partition as such, we use the two words to distinguish between these two -different levels of slicing. - -The result is that we have a two-tier structure on the disk: - -+-----------+ -| MBR-table | -+-----------+ +---------+ -| Slice 1 | -----> | MSDOS | -+-----------+ +---------+ -| Slice 2 | -+-----------+ +-------------------+ -| Slice 3 | -----> | FreeBSD-disklabel | -+-----------+ +-------------------+ +-----------------+ -| Slice 4 | | Partition A | -----> | Root-filesystem | -+-----------+ +-------------------+ +-----------------+ - | Partition B | --- - +-------------------+ \ +----------------+ - | Partition C | --> | swap-partition | - +-------------------+ +----------------+ - | ... | - - -Here are the rules that FreeBSD plays by: - -A: FreeBSD always has an MBR slice with type 0xa5 (each of the 4 slices can - also have a unique integer identifier so you can tell your DOS slices - from your FreeBSD slices from your Linux slices, etc). This means that - there should always be an MBR record, even in the case where FreeBSD - occupies the entire disk. -B: The FreeBSD slice contains the FreeBSD disklabel in the second sector - (remember, the first sector contains the secondary boot code for FreeBSD, - which is what prints that FreeBSD prompt at you when you first boot - FreeBSD from a floppy or hard disk). -C: The 'C' partition in the FreeBSD disklabel corresponds to the entire - FreeBSD slice. -D: The 'D' partition corresponds to the entire physical disk. -E: Should a disk not have a FreeBSD slice (because there simply is no - FreeBSD on it anywhere), then the MBR slices are mapped into partitions - 'E' to 'H' of an artificially created FreeBSD disklabel. This is useful - for getting at DOS-only disks. - -Therefore, to get FreeBSD onto your disk, you need to do the following: - - Step FreeBSD utility - ------------------------------------------------------------ --------------- - 1. Make an MBR slice for FreeBSD (FDISK) - 2. Partition the diskspace in the MBR slice into partitions (DISKLABEL) - 3. Assign mountpoints to the partitions. (DISKLABEL) - - - -2. The sysinstall utility --------------------------- - -The sysinstall utility is the program you first see when you boot -FreeBSD's install floppy. It is responsible for partitioning your -disk, creating an MBR slice for FreeBSD, setting up the disklabel -within that slice and creating filesystems for each FreeBSD partition -you create within that slice. It is composed of a number of screens. -These are described below. - - -2.1 The main screen --------------------- -The main screen shows you the current status, It shows you which disks -FreeBSD has found, how big they are and how much of it is assigned to -FreeBSD in a FreeBSD MBR slice. It also shows the partitions which have -had a mountpoint assigned to them (not necessarily FreeBSD partitions; -FreeBSD is perfectly capable of mounting DOS disks directly). - -(H)elp -- shows you this file. - -(F)disk -- enters the Fdisk editor, where you can change the MBR record. - This is what you want to use to assign some part of the disk to FreeBSD. - -(D)isklabel -- enters the Disklabel editor, here you can change how the - FreeBSD slice is partitioned for FreeBSD. - -(P)rocede -- will continue the installation process. - -(Q)uit -- Go back to the entry screen. - - -2.2 FDISK - how to make an MBR slice -------------------------------------- -There are some rules to follow here since altering your MBR is a potential -minefield. There is really no way for the sysinstall program to genuinely -know that you have a valid MBR, so you have to be extra careful in what -you edit. Failure to do this properly can and will destroy your other -operating system entries! - -Even if you don't plan to have MSDOS on a disk, make an MSDOS slice -using the MSDOS's FDISK.COM program. The reason for this is that if you -do it that way, you are 100% sure that FreeBSD will use the same number -of heads, sectors and cylinders as MSDOS would use. If you really don't -plan to have MSDOS on the disk, just (D)elete the slice in the FreeBSD's -(F)disk editor. - -From the main screen press 'F' to enter the MBR editor. You have five -commands available: - -(H)elp -- Shows you this file. - -(D)elete -- Deletes a slice entirely. - -(E)dit -- Allows you to edit a slice. It will ask how many megabytes - you want to assign to the slice, and will suggest the maximum possible - as a default. It might say zero, even though there is disk space - available, in which case you will probably need to delete and recreate the - other partitions to get it to see where the free space is. - It will then ask you what type to give the slice, for which the default is - 0xa5 (a FreeBSD slice). You can enter any other number here too, which - can be useful as a placeholder for some other OS you plan to install - later. Finally, it will ask you about the "boot flag". 0x80 means "boot - from this" slice by default, and anything else means "don't". - - If you specified a FreeBSD slice, any existing slices with the 0xa5 - type will be reset to 0x00 "unused". FreeBSD only supports one slice - per disk for FreeBSD. - -(R)eread -- This is your "undo" function. It will read the data of the - disk again, disposing of any changes you may have made. - -(W)rite -- When you are satisfied with the data, this function will write - the new MBR to the disk. - -(Q)uit -- Go back to the main screen. - - -2.3 Disklabel - How to divide up the FreeBSD slice. ----------------------------------------------------- - -The disklabel screen provides the following commands: - -(H)elp -- Shows you this file. - -(S)ize -- Resizes a partition for you, it will suggest as a default the - maximum amount of diskspace it can find. This algorithm isn't too smart - and may say zero, even though there is diskspace available. If it - does, delete and resize the other partitions. - -(A)ssign -- Here you assign where the filesystem in a partition is to - be mounted. `b' partitions will always be made into "swap" partitions. - -(D)elete -- Delete a partition. - -(R)eread -- The undo function. It will reread the current disklabel from - the kernel. - -(W)rite -- This will write the disklabel to the disk. You must always write - before you quit, otherwise your changes will be lost. - -(Q)uit -- Exit back to the main screen. - - -2.4. Hints on partition sizing -------------------------------- - -While it's impossible to say how much space you're going to want to -make your various partitions without knowing more about your intended -applicatins, here are some good rules of thumb to follow: - -1. Root (/) should be at least 18MB, and probably no more than 50MB unless - you have some special reason for making your root partition really - large. Remember that the root filesystem is only supposed to contain - vital system files and little else. - -2. Swap should be at least 2*memory. That is to say if you have 8MB of - memory, then you probably want 16MB of swap. Even more swap space - certainly doesn't hurt, if you can afford to allocate it, and you should - also think ahead a little to any planned memory upgrades you may have - in mind since increasing this later can be very painful! - - If you're going to run the X Window System (XFree86), you should also - consider having a *minimum* of 16MB of swap, since X tends to really - use it up. - -3. /usr can take up the rest of your disk, though some people like to create - extra partitions for user home directories and the like. Be sure to make - your /usr big enough to contain the system software (about 50MB) and - perhaps some of your own, unless you're going to use symbolic links to - point things like /usr/local (or /usr/src) somewhere else. - - -Here are some suggested filesystem names and sizes, just for reference: - -Mountpoint Filesystem size -------------------------------- -/var 10Mb -/usr 50Mb -/ 16Mb - -/usr/src 120Mb If you want to have the sources online -/usr/obj 100Mb If you want to compile all of them at one time - -/usr/X11R6 50Mb If you load the entire XFree86 binary kit. - - -$Id: diskspace.FAQ,v 1.2 1995/01/03 15:54:02 gclarkii Exp $ diff --git a/share/FAQ/Text/kernel-debug.FAQ b/share/FAQ/Text/kernel-debug.FAQ deleted file mode 100644 index 304bcd3..0000000 --- a/share/FAQ/Text/kernel-debug.FAQ +++ /dev/null @@ -1,417 +0,0 @@ -# Hello emacs, this is -*- indented-text -*- - - Kernel debugging FAQ for FreeBSD - -$Id: kernel-debug.FAQ,v 1.3 1995/07/30 12:53:39 joerg Exp $ - - -*** Debugging a kernel crash dump with kgdb *** - - [In the following, the term ``kgdb'' refers to gdb run in `kernel - debug mode'. This can be accomplished by either starting the gdb - with the option ``-k'', or by linking and starting it under the - name ``kgdb''. This is not being done by default, however.] - - Here are some instructions for getting kernel debugging working on a - crash dump, it assumes that you have enough swap space for a crash - dump. If you happen to have multiple swap partitions with the first - one being too small to keep the dump, you can configure your kernel - to use an alternate dump device (in the ``config kernel'' line), or - you can tell this using the dumpon(8) command. Dumps to non-swap - devices (e.g. tapes) are currently not supported. - - Config your kernel using config -g - - Either, use the dumpon(8) command to tell the kernel where to dump - to (note that this will have to be done after configuring the - partition in question as swap space via swapon(8)). This is - normally arranged via sysconfig and /etc/rc. Alternatively, you can - hard-code the dump device via the `dump' clause in the `config' line - of your kernel config file. - - When the kernel's been built make a copy of it, say kernel.debug, - and then run strip -x on the original. Install the original as - normal. You may also install the unstripped kernel, but symtab - lookup time for some programs might drastically increase, and since - the whole kernel is loaded entirely at boot time and cannot be - swapped out later, you're going to waste several megabytes of - physical RAM. - - If you are testing a new kernel (e.g. by typing the new kernel's - name at the boot prompt), but need to boot a different one in order - to get your system up & running again, do boot it only into single - user state (the -s flag at the boot prompt), and then perform the - following steps: - - fsck -p - mount -a -t ufs # so your file system for /var/crash is writable - savecore -N /kernel.panicked /var/crash - exit # ...to multi-user - - This instructs savecore to use another kernel for symbol name - extraction; it would default to the currently running kernel - otherwise. - - Now, after a crash dump, go to /sys/compile/WHATEVER and run - kgdb. From kgdb do: - - symbol-file kernel.debug - exec-file /var/crash/system.0 - core-file /var/crash/ram.0 - - and voila, you can debug the crash dump using the kernel sources - just like you can for any other program. - - If your kernel panicked due to a trap (perhaps the most common case - for getting a core dump), the following trick might help you. Examine - the stack (`where') and look for the stack frame in the function - trap(). Go `up' to that frame, and then type: - - frame frame->tf_ebp frame->tf_eip - - This will tell kgdb to go to the stack frame explicitly named by a - frame pointer and instruction pointer, which is the location where - the trap occured. There are still some bugs in kgdb (you can go - `up' from there, but not `down'; the stack trace will still remain - as it was before going to here), but generally this method will lead - you much closer to the failing piece of code. - - Here's a script log of a kgdb session illustrating the above. Long - lines have been folded to improve readability, and the lines are - numbered for reference. Despite of this, it's a real-world error - trace taken during the development of the pcvt console driver. - - 1:Script started on Fri Dec 30 23:15:22 1994 - 2:uriah # cd /sys/compile/URIAH - 3:uriah # kgdb kernel /var/crash/vmcore.1 - 4:Reading symbol data from /usr/src/sys/compile/URIAH/kernel...done. - 5:IdlePTD 1f3000 - 6:panic: because you said to! - 7:current pcb at 1e3f70 - 8:Reading in symbols for ../../i386/i386/machdep.c...done. - 9:(kgdb) where - 10:#0 boot (arghowto=256) (../../i386/i386/machdep.c line 767) - 11:#1 0xf0115159 in panic () - 12:#2 0xf01955bd in diediedie () (../../i386/i386/machdep.c line 698) - 13:#3 0xf010185e in db_fncall () - 14:#4 0xf0101586 in db_command (-266509132, -266509516, -267381073) - 15:#5 0xf0101711 in db_command_loop () - 16:#6 0xf01040a0 in db_trap () - 17:#7 0xf0192976 in kdb_trap (12, 0, -272630436, -266743723) - 18:#8 0xf019d2eb in trap_fatal (...) - 19:#9 0xf019ce60 in trap_pfault (...) - 20:#10 0xf019cb2f in trap (...) - 21:#11 0xf01932a1 in exception:calltrap () - 22:#12 0xf0191503 in cnopen (...) - 23:#13 0xf0132c34 in spec_open () - 24:#14 0xf012d014 in vn_open () - 25:#15 0xf012a183 in open () - 26:#16 0xf019d4eb in syscall (...) - 27:(kgdb) up 10 - 28:Reading in symbols for ../../i386/i386/trap.c...done. - 29:#10 0xf019cb2f in trap (frame={tf_es = -260440048, tf_ds = 16, tf_\ - 30:edi = 3072, tf_esi = -266445372, tf_ebp = -272630356, tf_isp = -27\ - 31:2630396, tf_ebx = -266427884, tf_edx = 12, tf_ecx = -266427884, tf\ - 32:_eax = 64772224, tf_trapno = 12, tf_err = -272695296, tf_eip = -26\ - 33:6672343, tf_cs = -266469368, tf_eflags = 66066, tf_esp = 3072, tf_\ - 34:ss = -266427884}) (../../i386/i386/trap.c line 283) - 35:283 (void) trap_pfault(&frame, FALSE); - 36:(kgdb) frame frame->tf_ebp frame->tf_eip - 37:Reading in symbols for ../../i386/isa/pcvt/pcvt_drv.c...done. - 38:#0 0xf01ae729 in pcopen (dev=3072, flag=3, mode=8192, p=(struct p\ - 39:roc *) 0xf07c0c00) (../../i386/isa/pcvt/pcvt_drv.c line 403) - 40:403 return ((*linesw[tp->t_line].l_open)(dev, tp)); - 41:(kgdb) list - 42:398 - 43:399 tp->t_state |= TS_CARR_ON; - 44:400 tp->t_cflag |= CLOCAL; /* cannot be a modem (:-) */ - 45:401 - 46:402 #if PCVT_NETBSD || (PCVT_FREEBSD >= 200) - 47:403 return ((*linesw[tp->t_line].l_open)(dev, tp)); - 48:404 #else - 49:405 return ((*linesw[tp->t_line].l_open)(dev, tp, flag)); - 50:406 #endif /* PCVT_NETBSD || (PCVT_FREEBSD >= 200) */ - 51:407 } - 52:(kgdb) print tp - 53:Reading in symbols for ../../i386/i386/cons.c...done. - 54:$1 = (struct tty *) 0x1bae - 55:(kgdb) print tp->t_line - 56:$2 = 1767990816 - 57:(kgdb) up - 58:#1 0xf0191503 in cnopen (dev=0x00000000, flag=3, mode=8192, p=(st\ - 59:ruct proc *) 0xf07c0c00) (../../i386/i386/cons.c line 126) - 60: return ((*cdevsw[major(dev)].d_open)(dev, flag, mode, p)); - 61:(kgdb) up - 62:#2 0xf0132c34 in spec_open () - 63:(kgdb) up - 64:#3 0xf012d014 in vn_open () - 65:(kgdb) up - 66:#4 0xf012a183 in open () - 67:(kgdb) up - 68:#5 0xf019d4eb in syscall (frame={tf_es = 39, tf_ds = 39, tf_edi =\ - 69: 2158592, tf_esi = 0, tf_ebp = -272638436, tf_isp = -272629788, tf\ - 70:_ebx = 7086, tf_edx = 1, tf_ecx = 0, tf_eax = 5, tf_trapno = 582, \ - 71:tf_err = 582, tf_eip = 75749, tf_cs = 31, tf_eflags = 582, tf_esp \ - 72:= -272638456, tf_ss = 39}) (../../i386/i386/trap.c line 673) - 73:673 error = (*callp->sy_call)(p, args, rval); - 74:(kgdb) up - 75:Initial frame selected; you cannot go up. - 76:(kgdb) quit - 77:uriah # exit - 78:exit - 79: - 80:Script done on Fri Dec 30 23:18:04 1994 - - Comments to the above script: - - line 6: this is a dump taken from within DDB (see below), hence the - panic comment ``because you said to!'', and a rather long - stack trace; the initial reason for going into DDB has been - a page fault trap though - - line 20: the location of function ``trap()'' in the stack trace - - line 36: force usage of a new stack frame, kgdb responds and displays - the source line where the trap happened; from looking at the - code, there's a high probability that either the pointer - access for ``tp'' was messed up, or the array access was - out of bounds - - line 52: the pointer looks suspicious, but happens to be a valid - address... - - line 56: ... but obviously points to garbage, so we have found our - error, sigh! [For those uncommon with that particular piece - of code: tp->t_line refers to the line discipline of the - console device here, which must be a rather small integer - number.] - - - -*** Post-mortem analysis of a dump *** - - What to do if a kernel dumped core but you didn't expect it, and it's - therefore not compiled using config -g? - - Not everything is lost here. Don't panic. :-) - - Of course, you still need to enable crash dumps at all. See above - on the options you've got to do this. (This is for safety reasons - in the default kernels, to avoid them trying to dump e.g. during - system installation where there's no FreeBSD partition at all and - valuable data on the disk could be destroyed.) - - Go to your kernel compile directory, and edit the line containing - COPTFLAGS?=-O. Add the `-g' option there (but DON'T change anything - on the level of optimization). If you do already know roughly the - probable location of the failing piece of code (e.g., the `pcvt' - driver in the example above), remove all the object files for this - code. Rebuild the kernel. Due to the time stamp change on the - Makefile, there will be some other object files rebuild, e.g. - trap.o. With a bit of luck, the added -g option won't change - anything for the generated code, so you'll finally get a new kernel - with similiar code to the faulting one but some debugging symbols. - You should at least verify the old and new sizes with the `size' - command; if they mismatch, you probably need to give up here. - - Go and examine the dump as described above. The debugging symbols - might be incomplete for some places (as can be seen in the stack trace - in the example above: some functions are displayed without line - numbers and argument lists). If you need more debugging symbols, - remove the appropriate object files and repeat the kgdb session until - you know enough. - - All this is not guaranteed to work, but most likely will do it fine. - - - -*** On-line kernel debugging using DDB *** - - While kgdb as an offline debugger provides a very high level of user - interface (e.g. it can lookup source files, display C structures - etc.), there are some things it cannot do. The most important ones - being breakpointing and single-stepping kernel code. - - If you need to do low-level debugging on your kernel, there's an on- - line debugger available called DDB. It allows to set breakpoints, - single-step kernel functions, examine and change kernel variables - etc. It can however not access kernel source files, and it does - only have access to the global and static symbols, but not to the - full debug information (including type and line number information) - like kgdb. - - To configure your kernel to include DDB, add the option line - - options DDB - - to your config file, and rebuild. - - (Note that if you have an older version of the boot blocks, your - debugger symbols might not be loaded at all. Update the boot - blocks, the recent ones do load the DDB symbols automagically.) - - Once your DDB kernel is running, there are several ways to enter - DDB. The first (and most early) way is to set the boot flag `-d' - (right at the boot prompt). The kernel will start up in debug mode - and enter DDB prior to any device probing. Hence you are able to - even debug the device probe/attach functions. - - The second scenario is a hot-key on the keyboard, usually Ctrl-Alt- - ESC. (For syscons, this can be remapped, and some of the - distributed maps do this, so watch out.) There's an option - available for a COMCONSOLE kernel (``options BREAK_TO_DEBUGGER'') - that allows the use of a serial line BREAK on the console line to - enter DDB. - - The third way is that any panic condition will branch to DDB if the - kernel is configured to use it. (Thus it is not wise to configure a - kernel with DDB for a machine running unattended.) - - - The DDB commands roughly resemble some gdb commands. The first you - probably need is to set a breakpoint: - - b function-name - b address - - Numbers are taken hexadecimal by default, but to make them distinct - from symbol names, hex numbers starting with the letters `a' - `f' - need to be preceded with `0x' (for other numbers, this is optional). - Simple expressions are allowed, e.g. ``function-name + 0x103''. - - To continue the operation of an interrupted kernel, simply type - - c - - To get a stack trace, use - - trace - - Note that when entering DDB via a hot-key, the kernel is currently - servicing an interrupt, so the stack trace might be not of much use - for you. - - If you want to remove a breakpoint, use - - del - del address-expression - - The first form will be accepted immediately after a breakpoint hit, - and deletes the current breakpoint. The second form can remove any - breakpoint, but you need to specify the exact address, as it can be - obtained from - - show b - - To single-step the kernel, try - - s - - This will step into functions, but you can make DDB trace them until - the matching return statement is reached by - - n - - NOTE: this is different from gdb's ``next'' statement, it's like - gdb's ``finish''. - - To examine data from memory, use e.g. - - x/wx 0xf0133fe0,40 - x/hd db_symtab_space - x/bc termbuf,10 - x/s stringbuf - - for word/halfword/byte access, and hexadecimal/decimal/character/ - string display. The number after the comma is the object count. - To display the next 0x10 items, simply use - - x ,10 - - Similiarly, use - - x/ia foofunc,10 - - to disassemble the first 0x10 instructions of foofunc, and display - them along with their offset from the beginning of foofunc. - - To modify the memory, use the write command: - - w/b termbuf 0xa 0xb 0 - w/w 0xf0010030 0 0 - - The command modifier (b/h/w) specifies the size of the data to be - writtten, the first following expression is the address to write to, - the remainder is interpreted as data to write to successive memory - locations. - - If you need to know the current registers, use - - show reg - - Alternatively, you can display a single register value by e.g. - - print $eax - - and modify it by - - set $eax new-value - - - Should you need to call some kernel functions from DDB, simply - say - - call func(arg1, arg2, ...) - - The return value will be printed. - - For a ps-style summary of all running processes, use - - ps - - - - Well, you've now examined why your kernel failed, and you wish to - reboot. Remember that, depending on the severity of previous - malfunctioning, not all parts of the kernel might still be working - as expected. Perform one of the following actions to shut down and - reboot your system: - - - call diediedie() - - (must usually be followed by another ``c[ontinue]'' statement), - will cause your kernel to dump core and reboot, so you can later - analyze the core on a higher level with kgdb. - - There's now an alias for this: ``panic''. - - - call boot(0) - - might be a good way to cleanly shut down the running system, sync() - all disks, and finally reboot. As long as the disk and file system - interfaces of the kernel are not damaged, this might be a good way - for an almost clean shutdown. - - - call cpu_reset() - - ...is the final way out of the desaster, almost similiar to hitting - the Big Red Button. - - - -*** What to do if i want to debug a console driver? *** - - Since you need a console driver to run DDB on, things are more - complicated if the console driver itself is flakey. You might - remember the ``options COMCONSOLE'' line, and hook up a standard - terminal onto your first serial port. DDB works on any configured - console driver, of course it also works on a COMCONSOLE. - - - - Paul Richards, FreeBSD core team member. (paul@FreeBSD.org) - J"org Wunsch (joerg@FreeBSD.org) - diff --git a/share/FAQ/Text/kernel-memory.FAQ b/share/FAQ/Text/kernel-memory.FAQ deleted file mode 100644 index 79ab09a..0000000 --- a/share/FAQ/Text/kernel-memory.FAQ +++ /dev/null @@ -1,72 +0,0 @@ -~From: J Wunsch <j@uriah.heep.sax.de> -~Message-Id: <199504160843.KAA16160@uriah.heep.sax.de> -~Subject: Memory usage (Was Re: Memory init pattern) -~To: freebsd-hackers@FreeBSD.org (FreeBSD hackers) -~Date: Sun, 16 Apr 1995 10:43:29 +0200 (MET DST) - -[Audience extended to -hackers, since it's a general topic.] - -As Frank Durda IV wrote: -> -> By the way, I have seen no description of how FreeBSD uses PC memory, ie -> what 0-640K gets used for, does the kernel load there or higher, -> is the kernel relocated, etc. Is there a paper on this? - -Since i've just digged through the boot code, i can tell you what's -going there. :) [Someone going to collect this sort of messages -and making a kernel hackers manual?] - -The boot sector will be loaded at 0:0x7c00, and relocates itself -immediately to 0x7c0:0. (This is nothing magic, just an adjustment -for the %cs selector, done by an ljmp.) - -It then loads the first 15 sectors at 0x10000 (segment BOOTSEG in the -biosboot Makefile), and sets up the stack to work below 0x1fff0. -After this, it jumps to the entry of boot2 within that code. I.e., it -jumps over itself and the (dummy) partition table, and it's going to -adjust the %cs selector -- we are still in 16-bit mode there. - -boot2 asks for the boot file, and examines the a.out header. It masks -the file entry point (usually 0xf0100000) by 0x00ffffff, and loads the -file there. Hence the usual load point is 1 MB (0x00100000). During -load, the boot code toggles back and forth between real and protected -mode, to use the BIOS in real mode. - -The boot code itself uses segment selectors 0x18 and 0x20 for %cs and -%ds/%es in protected mode, and 0x28 to jump back into real mode. The -kernel is finally started with %cs 0x08 and %ds/%es/%ss 0x10, which -refer to dummy descriptors covering the whole address space. - -The kernel will be started at its load point. Since it's been linked -for another (high) address, it will have to execute PIC until the page -table and page directory stuff is setup properly, at which point -paging will be enabled and the kernel finally runs at the address -where it has been linked to. - -[... -- no longer valid] - -The later memory usage (once paging is enabled) could better be -explained by the VM folks. - --- -cheers, J"org - -joerg_wunsch@uriah.heep.sax.de -- http://www.sax.de/~joerg/ -Never trust an operating system you don't have sources for. ;-) - -~Message-Id: <199504160955.CAA00143@corbin.Root.COM> -~To: freebsd-hackers@FreeBSD.org (FreeBSD hackers) -~Subject: Re: Memory usage (Was Re: Memory init pattern) -~From: David Greenman <davidg@Root.COM> -~Date: Sun, 16 Apr 1995 02:55:50 -0700 - -... - The physical pages immediately following the kernel BSS contain proc0's page -directory, page tables, and upages. Some time later when the VM system is -initialized, the physical memory between 0x1000-0x9ffff and the physical memory -after the kernel (text+data+bss+proc0 stuff+other misc) is made available in -the form of general VM pages and added to the global free page list. - Does this answer the question? - --DG - diff --git a/share/FAQ/Text/mailing-list.FAQ b/share/FAQ/Text/mailing-list.FAQ deleted file mode 100644 index 881890f..0000000 --- a/share/FAQ/Text/mailing-list.FAQ +++ /dev/null @@ -1,105 +0,0 @@ - THE FREEBSD MAILING LIST FAQ - -$Id: mailing-list.FAQ,v 1.5 1995/01/03 15:54:04 gclarkii Exp $ - --- -Though many of the FreeBSD development members read USENET, we cannot -always guarantee that we'll get to your questions in a timely fashion -(or at all) if you post them only to one of the comp.os.386bsd.* -groups. By addressing your questions to the appropriate mailing list -you will reach both us and a concentrated FreeBSD audience, invariably -assuring a better (or at least faster) response. - -The following is a summary of the mailing lists: - -List Purpose ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -freebsd-admim Administrative issues (limited) -freebsd-arch Architecture and design discussions (limited) -freebsd-bugs Bug reports -freebsd-hackers Technical discussions and suggestions -freebsd-questions User questions -freebsd-announce Important events / milestones -freebsd-current Discussions about the use of FreeBSD-current -freebsd-commit Commit messages to source repository -freebsd-core FreeBSD core team (limited) -freebsd-security Security issues -freebsd-fs Filesystems -freebsd-ports Discussion of "ports" -freebsd-platforms Porting to Non-Intel platforms -freebsd-hardware General discussion of FreeBSD hardware -freebsd-install Installation issues (limited) - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ - -The following lists are for people seeing the log messages for source changes -in specific areas: - -List name Source area Area Description (source for) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -cvs-CVSROOT /usr/src/[A-Z]* Top level /usr/src file changes -cvs-all /usr/src All changes to the tree (superset) -cvs-bin /usr/src/bin System binaries -cvs-etc /usr/src/etc System files -cvs-games /usr/src/games Games -cvs-gnu /usr/src/gnu GPL'd utilities -cvs-include /usr/src/include Include files -cvs-kerberosIV /usr/src/kerberosIV Kerberos encryption code -cvs-lib /usr/src/lib System libraries -cvs-libexec /usr/src/libexec System binaries -cvs-sbin /usr/src/sbin System binaries -cvs-share /usr/src/share System shared files -cvs-sys /usr/src/sys Kernel -cvs-usrbin /usr/src/usr.bin Use binaries -cvs-usrsbin /usr/src/usr.sbin System binaries -cvs-ports /usr/ports Ported software ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ - -Even though the lists freebsd-core, freebsd-admin, freebsd-install and -freebsd-arch are closed, anyone is free to send suggestions and comments -to them. All other lists are open. - -All mailing lists live on `FreeBSD.ORG', so to post to a list you -simply mail to `<listname>@FreeBSD.ORG'. It will then be redistributed -to mailing list members throughout the world. - -To subscribe to a list, send mail to: - - majordomo@FreeBSD.ORG - -And include the keyword - - subscribe <listname> [<optional address>] - -In the body of your message. For example, to subscribe yourself to -freebsd-hackers, you'd do: - - % mail majordomo@FreeBSD.ORG - subscribe freebsd-hackers - ^D - -If you want to subscribe yourself under a different name, or submit a -subscription request for a local mailing list (note: this is more efficient -if you have several interested parties at one site, and highly appreciated by -us!), you would do something like: - - % mail majordomo@FreeBSD.ORG - subscribe freebsd-hackers local-hackers@somesite.com - ^D - -Finally, it is also possible to unsubscribe yourself from a list, get a -list of other list members or see the list of mailing lists again by -sending other types of control messages to majordomo. For a complete -list of available commands, do this: - - % mail majordomo@FreeBSD.ORG - help - ^D - -Finally, it is suggested that you only join the freebsd-hackers or -freebsd-questions mailing lists if you're also willing to see upwards -of 100 messages a day (peak)! If you're only interested in the "high points", -then it's suggested that you join freebsd-announce, which will contain -only infrequent traffic. - - Thank you! diff --git a/share/FAQ/Text/nfs.FAQ b/share/FAQ/Text/nfs.FAQ deleted file mode 100644 index 88c5fc5..0000000 --- a/share/FAQ/Text/nfs.FAQ +++ /dev/null @@ -1,79 +0,0 @@ -FreeBSD and NFS [for a FAQ] - -$Id: nfs.FAQ,v 1.2 1995/01/03 15:54:05 gclarkii Exp $ - -Certain Ethernet adapters for ISA PC systems have limitations which -can lead to serious network problems, particularly with NFS. This -difficulty is not specific to FreeBSD, but FreeBSD systems are affected -by it. - -The problem nearly always occurs when (FreeBSD) PC systems are networked -with high-performance workstations, such as those made by Silicon Graphics, -Inc., and Sun Microsystems, Inc. The NFS mount will work fine, and some -operations may succeed, but suddenly the server will seem to become -unresponsive to the client, even though requests to and from other systems -continue to be processed. This happens to the client system, whether the -client is the FreeBSD system or the workstation. On many systems, there is -no way to shut down the client gracefully once this problem has manifested -itself. The only solution is often to reset the client, because the NFS -situation cannot be resolved. - -Though the "correct" solution is to get a higher performance and capacity -Ethernet adapter for the FreeBSD system, there is a simple workaround that -will allow satisfactory operation. If the FreeBSD system is the SERVER, -include the option "wsize=1024" on the mount from the client. If the -FreeBSD system is the CLIENT, then mount the NFS file system with the -option "rsize=1024". These options may be specified using the fourth -field of the fstab entry on the client for automatic mounts, or by using -the "-o" parameter of the mount command for manual mounts. - -In the following examples, "fastws" is the host (interface) name of a -high-performance workstation, and "freebox" is the host (interface) name of -a FreeBSD system with a lower-performance Ethernet adapter. Also, -"/sharedfs" will be the exported NFS filesystem (see "man exports"), and -"/project" will be the mount point on the client for the exported file -system. In all cases, note that additional options, such as "hard" or -"soft" and "bg" may be desireable in your application. - -Examples for the FreeBSD system ("freebox") as the client: - in /etc/fstab on freebox: -fastws:/sharedfs /project nfs rw,rsize=1024 0 0 - as a manual mount command on freebox: -mount -t nfs -o rsize=1024 fastws:/sharedfs /project - -Examples for the FreeBSD system as the server: - in /etc/fstab on fastws: -freebox:/sharedfs /project nfs rw,wsize=1024 0 0 - as a manual mount command on fastws: -mount -t nfs -o wsize=1024 freebox:/sharedfs /project - -Nearly any 16-bit Ethernet adapter will allow operation without the above -restrictions on the read or write size. - -For anyone who cares, here is what happens when the failure occurs, which -also explains why it is unrecoverable. NFS typically works with a "block" -size of 8k (though it may do fragments of smaller sizes). Since the maximum -Ethernet packet is around 1500 bytes, the NFS "block" gets split into -multiple Ethernet packets, even though it is still a single unit to the -upper-level code, and must be received, assembled, and ACKNOWLEDGED as a -unit. The high-performance workstations can pump out the packets which -comprise the NFS unit one right after the other, just as close together as -the standard allows. On the smaller, lower capacity cards, the later -packets overrun the earlier packets of the same unit before they can be -transferred to the host and the unit as a whole cannot be reconstructed or -acknowledged. As a result, the workstation will time out and try again, -but it will try again with the entire 8K unit, and the process will be -repeated, ad infinitum. - -By keeping the unit size below the Ethernet packet size limitation, we -ensure that any complete Ethernet packet received can be acknowledged -individually, avoiding the deadlock situation. - -Overruns may still occur when a high-performance workstations is slamming -data out to a PC system, but with the better cards, such overruns are -not guarranteed on NFS "units". When an overrun occurs, the units affected -will be retransmitted, and there will be a fair chance that they will be -received, assembled, and acknowledged. --- - John Lind, Starfire Consulting Services -E-mail: john@starfire.MN.ORG USnail: PO Box 17247, Mpls MN 55417 diff --git a/share/FAQ/Text/ports.FAQ b/share/FAQ/Text/ports.FAQ deleted file mode 100644 index 2a447ad..0000000 --- a/share/FAQ/Text/ports.FAQ +++ /dev/null @@ -1,246 +0,0 @@ - The FreeBSD Ports FAQ file - -Revision: $Id: ports.FAQ,v 1.2 1995/01/06 19:24:13 gpalmer Exp $ - -The ports system is kinda new, so there haven't been too many FAQ's to -date, but hopefully this document will pre-empt (some|most) of them!! -The ports system is constantly changing, but hopefully this document -will be kept reasonably up to date (and you never know, it might even -make sense!). - - - Gary Palmer - & jkh - -1) What is a port? - - Unfortunately, there are more variations of UN*X than most people -know of, and hence not all software for UN*X available on the Internet -will work on all versions of UN*X (in fact, I can guarantee it!). -Hence, some software needs modifications to work under some UN*Xs. The -process of making those modifications is known as ``porting'' and the -result known as a ``port'' (not to be confused with the sockets on the -back of your computer!). - - -2) What is the FreeBSD Ports Collection? - - People who (allegedly) know what they are doing have automated the -process of ``porting'' software to FreeBSD, and the result is the -Ports Collection. The general idea is that a combination of various -programming tools available in the base FreeBSD installation will -allow you to fetch the port from a FreeBSD mirror site, type ``make'' -and get the fully working program. - - The ports collection itself normally doesn't have any of the -original source code necessary for the compilation in the tree, just -those shell scripts, Makefiles and source code ``diffs'' that are -necessary to compile the program under FreeBSD. This is meant to keep -the entire system down to a manageable size, and the current system -has over 100 ports in the master source tree, and yet a compressed tar -file of that tree is about 2 megabytes (all the source code needed is -over 100Mb's!). - - -3) How does the system compile with no source code? - - A ports' Makefile automatically looks in a central location on -your system (usually /usr/ports/distfiles, though this value can be -customized) for the associated set of original distribution files that -have been ``ported''. These are generally provided at various places -on the Internet, though if you have a CDROM distribution of FreeBSD -then you've already got them available on your CD for ease of use. -See section 3.1 if you have such a CD distribution, otherwise skip to -section 3.2. - -3.1 Compiling ports from CD - - Type something profound here. - -3.2 Compiling ports using an Internet connection - - The ports collection can also use an auto-fetch system to keep -your ports collection source tree up to date, updating the central -``distfiles'' version for you the next time you compile the port. - - Of course, this always assumes you have a permanent network link, -or don't mind heavy usage of your telephone. If you don't want heavy -network usage when you compile your ports tree, you can pre-fetch the -necessary tarballs beforehand and put them into /usr/ports/distfiles -(or wherever DISTDIR points) by hand. A good way to see what files a -port is going to need is to cd to that port's directory and do a -``make -n fetch'' to see what it does. - - You can also chose to get the source files either from the master -FTP site as defined in the relevant Makefile (in the MASTER_SITES -line), or some FreeBSD mirror site also carrying a set of distfiles, -as does the master FTP site on ftp.FreeBSD.org (aka ftp.cdrom.com) in -the directory /pub/FreeBSD/ports/distfiles. Note that the files in -that directory are not guarenteed to be kept up to date - this is a -volunteer project! We can't make any guarantees about the mirror -sites either - they are obviously under independant control and don't -even have to mirror the distfiles directory. - - If you have a non-permanant link, you can fetch all the distfiles by -going to the top of the tree and typing ``make fetch''. - - -4) It doesn't work?! - -Oh. You can do one of four (4) things : - -a) Fix it yourself. Technical details can be found in the GUIDELINES file, - available from URL ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/GUIDELINES - -b) Gripe. This is done by e-mail *ONLY*! The people at Walnut Creek are - in no way responsible for the functionality (or lack thereof) of the - FreeBSD system as a whole, and especially the ports system, which - is mainly contributed by 3rd parties. (If you don't believe me, check - the catalogue, especially the line saying "We cannot offer tech-support - on this product") - - The e-mail address is Ports@FreeBSD.org. Please include details of - the port, where you got both the port source & distfile(s) from, and - what the error was. - - Note: At time of writing, lang/Sather doesn't seem to work on Pentium - machines due to the Intel Curse (aka the Floating Point Division Bug). - Please don't tell us about this - gripe to Intel instead - it's their - bug! - -c) Forget it. This is the easiest for most - very few of the programs in - ports can be classed as `essential'! - -d) Grab the pre-compiled package from a ftp server. The ``master'' package - collection is in: - ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/packages/ - - though check your local mirror first, please! - - These are more likely to work (on the whole) than trying to compile from - source, and a lot faster! - - -5) I've ported a program and I want to make a port out of it. What now? - - See the file GUIDELINES, in: - ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/GUIDELINES - - This contains details of the procedure and structure involved. - - -6) I've got a good port, what now? - - Upload the fixed version to freefall.cdrom.com /pub/incoming or -ftp.FreeBSD.org /pub/FreeBSD/incoming and send e-mail to -ports@FreeBSD.org with the filename and details. Someone on the -all-volunteer `ports committee' will (hopefully) look it over and -commit it to the ports collection if they like the looks of it. - - -7) Things go funny during the fetch stage of compilation! - - We know. Please don't blame us. There is a program called `ncftp' -which is used instead of the normal ftp as it can do so-called -``background'' or ``batch'' transfers, ideal for this situation. -Unfortunately it can do strange things, and has crashed at least one -machine (during circumstances stranger than most, I'll admit, but it -was still responsible). Hopefully a future release of ncftp will fix -these problems (it is not maintained by the main FreeBSD team, but a -third party, who is I believe aware of its shortcomings) - - -8) I want to leave the compile going overnight, but some ports don't - like this. - - There is a way around this. Before starting the compilation, type: - setenv BATCH yes # (if you use csh/tcsh) or - BATCH=yes # (for sh/bash) - - This should miss out ports which need user interaction. Unfortunately, -ncftp doesn't know about this trick, and can often screw up and ask -stupid questions in unattended batch mode. See (7). - - To compile those ports left out by doing the above, using a -different login shell (or unsetting the above BATCH variable), set the -INTERACTIVE variable instead (you can use the same statements as above -except replace ``BATCH'' with ``INTERACTIVE'') and re-run make. This -should now compile only those ports which will definitely ask for user -interaction. - - -9) The ports collection is weak. What can I do to help? - - First read the bsd.port.mk file (which may be found in -/usr/share/mk/) and the associated bsd.port.subdir.mk file. A lot of -the weirdness can be explained properly in there (most of the current -weirdness is due to the lack of assumptions about anything, which is -necessary due to the generic nature of these files). Also check that -you have an up-to-date copy, as the file can change from minute to -minute. A reasonably up-to-date copy can be found in: - - ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/FreeBSD-current/src/share/mk/bsd.port* - - If you find that you still need to go in there and alter things, -by all means do so, and then send the diffs to ports@FreeBSD.org if -you'd like them to be a part of the default distribution. Please also -remember that any changes must respect backwards-compatability with -any and all older Makefiles, unless you want a real nightmare of -/usr/ports munging ahead of you! Large scale changes will generally -not be warmly welcomed unless all the existing makefiles work without -alteration. Sorry! - - -10) This FAQ is weak. What can I do? - - Send changes to ports@FreeBSD.org. Changes are most welcome! -This FAQ is also very green and should be considered no more than -a `good start' for now. Authors? You can come out of hiding any -time now! :-) - - -11) How do I get more information on all the ports? - - One good method is to cd to the top of the ports tree (say /usr/ports) -and type something like: - - make describe | sed -e '/===/D' -e 's;/usr/ports/;;' | expand -40 - -The ``make describe'' will try to extract the one-line description from -each port, and the ``sed'' will delete the extraneous output. ``expand'' -just makes it a little more readable (sort of - you may want to season -the output of this more to taste). - - -12) I've heard of a new checksum system. What is this for? - - For various reasons, when using FTP over the Internet to obtain the -source code, you may not always end up with the same copy of the code -that the origional porter worked from, and this can lead to problems. -So a simple checksumming system has been employed to try and highlight -problems in this area. - - To check the entire system, go to the top of the ports tree -(defaults to /usr/ports) and type - - make checksum - -This will give a report on the validity of the files you have FTP'd. If some -are missing, the system will attempt to retrieve them before running the -checksum routine. The same technique can be applied to a single port. - - The system will complain if there is no pre-computed checksum available -for that port. Not all ports currently have checksums, but this should be -cured soon. - - Some older versions of the system don't recognise the ``checksum'' -target. In that case, try the command - - make check-md5 - -(``check-md5'' was the pre-cursor to the ``checksum'' target). If neither -work, get the latest copies of bsd.port.mk and bsd.port.subdir.mk from - - ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/FreeBSD-current/src/share/mk/bsd.port* - -and install them in /usr/share/mk. This will get you the latest version -of the ports system. diff --git a/share/FAQ/Text/ppp.FAQ b/share/FAQ/Text/ppp.FAQ deleted file mode 100644 index 46cc8bc..0000000 --- a/share/FAQ/Text/ppp.FAQ +++ /dev/null @@ -1,369 +0,0 @@ - Info about setting up pppd daemon on FreeBSD-2.0 - -$Id: ppp.FAQ,v 1.2 1995/01/03 15:54:05 gclarkii Exp $ - -Before you start setting up PPP on your machine make -sure that pppd is located in /usr/sbin and directory /etc/ppp -exists. - -pppd can work in two modes: - -i) as a "client" , i.e. you want to connect your machine to outside -world via PPP serial connection or modem line. - -ii) as a "server" , i.e. your machine is located on the network and -used to connect other computers using PPP. - -In both cases you will need to set up an options file ( /etc/ppp/options -or ~/.ppprc if you have more then one user on your machine that uses -PPP ). - -You also will need some modem/serial software ( preferably kermit ) -so you can dial and establish connection with remote host. - -1) Working as a PPP client - -I used the following options to connect to CISCO terminal server PPP -line. - -----/etc/ppp/options------- -crtscts # enable hardware flow control -modem # modem control line -noipdefault # remote PPP server must supply your IP address. - # if the remote host doesn't send your IP during IPCP - # negotiation , remove this option -passive # wait for LCP packets -domain ppp.foo.com # put your domain name here - -:<remote_ip> # put the IP of remote PPP host here - # it will be used to route packets via PPP link - # if you didn't specified the noipdefault option - # change this line to <local_ip>:<remote_ip> - -defaultroute # put this if you want that PPP server will be your - # default router -------------------------- - -To connect: -i) Dial to the remote host using kermit ( or other modem program ) -enter your user name and password ( or whatever is needed to enable PPP -ont the remote host ) - -ii) Exit kermit. ( without hanging up the line ) - -iii) enter: -/usr/src/usr.sbin/pppd.new/pppd /dev/tty01 19200 -( put the appropriate speed and device name ) - -Now your computer is connected with PPP. If the connection fails for some -reasons you can add the "debug" option to the /etc/ppp/options file -and check messages on the console to track the problem - -Following script will make all 3 stages automatically: ------/etc/ppp/pppup-------- -#!/bin/sh -ps ax |grep pppd |grep -v grep -pid=`ps ax |grep pppd |grep -v grep|awk '{print $1;}'` -if [ "X${pid}" != "X" ] ; then - echo 'killing pppd, PID=' ${pid} - kill ${pid} -fi -ps ax |grep kermit |grep -v grep -pid=`ps ax |grep kermit |grep -v grep|awk '{print $1;}'` -if [ "X${pid}" != "X" ] ; then - echo 'killing kermit, PID=' ${pid} - kill -9 ${pid} -fi - -ifconfig ppp0 down -ifconfig ppp0 delete - -kermit -y /etc/ppp/kermit.dial -pppd /dev/tty01 19200 ------------------------------ - -/etc/ppp/kermit.dial is kermit script that dials and makes all -necessary authorization on the remote host. -( Example of such script is attached to the end of this document ) - -Use the follwing script to disconnect the PPP line: ------/etc/ppp/pppdown-------- -#!/bin/sh -pid=`ps ax |grep pppd |grep -v grep|awk '{print $1;}'` -if [ X${pid} != "X" ] ; then - echo 'killing pppd, PID=' ${pid} - kill -TERM ${pid} -fi - -ps ax |grep kermit |grep -v grep -pid=`ps ax |grep kermit |grep -v grep|awk '{print $1;}'` -if [ "X${pid}" != "X" ] ; then - echo 'killing kermit, PID=' ${pid} - kill -9 ${pid} -fi - -/sbin/ifconfig ppp0 down -/sbin/ifconfig ppp0 delete -kermit -y /etc/ppp/kermit.hup -/etc/ppp/ppptest ------------------------------- - -Check if PPP is still running: - ------/etc/ppp/ppptest--------- -#!/bin/sh -pid=`ps ax| grep pppd |grep -v grep|awk '{print $1;}'` -if [ X${pid} != "X" ] ; then - echo 'pppd running: PID=' ${pid-NONE} -else - echo 'No pppd running.' -fi -set -x -netstat -n -I ppp0 -ifconfig ppp0 ------------------------------ - -Hangs up modem line: - ------/etc/ppp/kermit.hup----- -set line /dev/tty01 ; put your modem device here -set speed 19200 -set file type binary -set file names literal -set win 8 -set rec pack 1024 -set send pack 1024 -set block 3 -set term bytesize 8 -set command bytesize 8 -set flow none - -pau 1 -out +++ -inp 5 OK -out ATH0\13 -echo \13 -exit ----------------------------- - -2) Working as a PPP server - -------/etc/ppp/options------ -crtscts # Hardware flow control -netmask 255.255.255.0 # netmask ( not required ) -192.114.208.20:192.114.208.165 # ip's of local and remote hosts - # local ip must be different from one - # you assigned to the ethernet ( or other ) - # interface on your machine. - # remote IP is ip address that will be - # assigned to the remote machine -domain ppp.foo.com # your domain -passive # wait for LCP -modem # modem line ----------------------------- - -Following script will enable ppp server on your machine - ------/etc/ppp/pppserv------- -#!/bin/sh -ps ax |grep pppd |grep -v grep -pid=`ps ax |grep pppd |grep -v grep|awk '{print $1;}'` -if [ "X${pid}" != "X" ] ; then - echo 'killing pppd, PID=' ${pid} - kill ${pid} -fi -ps ax |grep kermit |grep -v grep -pid=`ps ax |grep kermit |grep -v grep|awk '{print $1;}'` -if [ "X${pid}" != "X" ] ; then - echo 'killing kermit, PID=' ${pid} - kill -9 ${pid} -fi - -# reset ppp interface -ifconfig ppp0 down -ifconfig ppp0 delete - -# enable autoanswer mode -kermit -y /etc/ppp/kermit.ans - -# run ppp -pppd /dev/tty01 19200 ----------------------------- - -Use this script to stop ppp server: - ------/etc/ppp/pppservdown--- -#!/bin/sh -ps ax |grep pppd |grep -v grep -pid=`ps ax |grep pppd |grep -v grep|awk '{print $1;}'` -if [ "X${pid}" != "X" ] ; then - echo 'killing pppd, PID=' ${pid} - kill ${pid} -fi -ps ax |grep kermit |grep -v grep -pid=`ps ax |grep kermit |grep -v grep|awk '{print $1;}'` -if [ "X${pid}" != "X" ] ; then - echo 'killing kermit, PID=' ${pid} - kill -9 ${pid} -fi -ifconfig ppp0 down -ifconfig ppp0 delete - -kermit -y /etc/ppp/kermit.noans ----------------------------- - -Following kermit script will enable/disable autoanswer mode -on your modem: - ------/etc/ppp/kermit.ans---- -set line /dev/tty01 -set speed 19200 -set file type binary -set file names literal -set win 8 -set rec pack 1024 -set send pack 1024 -set block 3 -set term bytesize 8 -set command bytesize 8 -set flow none - -pau 1 -out +++ -inp 5 OK -out ATH0\13 -inp 5 OK -echo \13 -out ATS0=1\13 ; change this to out ATS0=0\13 if you want to disable - ; autoanswer mod -inp 5 OK -echo \13 -exit ------------------------------ - -This script is used for dialing and authorizing on remote host. -You will need to customize it for your needs. -Put your login and password in this script , also you'll need -to change input statement depending on responces from your modem -and remote host. - ------/etc/ppp/kermit.dial---- - -; -; put the com line attached to the modem here: -; -set line /dev/tty01 -; -; put the modem speed here: -; -set speed 19200 -set file type binary ; full 8 bit file xfer -set file names literal -set win 8 -set rec pack 1024 -set send pack 1024 -set block 3 -set term bytesize 8 -set command bytesize 8 -set flow none -set modem hayes -set dial hangup off -set carrier auto ; Then SET CARRIER if necessary, -set dial display on ; Then SET DIAL if necessary, -set input echo on -set input timeout proceed -set input case ignore -def \%x 0 ; login prompt counter -goto slhup - -:slcmd ; put the modem in command mode -echo Put the modem in command mode. -clear ; Clear unread characters from input buffer -pause 1 -output +++ ; hayes escape sequence -input 1 OK\13\10 ; wait for OK -if success goto slhup -output \13 -pause 1 -output at\13 -input 1 OK\13\10 -if fail goto slcmd ; if modem doesn't answer OK, try again - -:slhup ; hang up the phone -clear ; Clear unread characters from input buffer -pause 1 -echo Hanging up the phone. -output ath0\13 ; hayes command for on hook -input 2 OK\13\10 -if fail goto slcmd ; if no OK answer, put modem in command mode - -:sldial ; dial the number -pause 1 -echo Dialing. -output atdt9,550311\13\10 ; put phone number here -assign \%x 0 ; zero the time counter - -:look -clear ; Clear unread characters from input buffer -increment \%x ; Count the seconds -input 1 {CONNECT } -if success goto sllogin -reinput 1 {NO CARRIER\13\10} -if success goto sldial -reinput 1 {NO DIALTONE\13\10} -if success goto slnodial -reinput 1 {\255} -if success goto slhup -reinput 1 {\127} -if success goto slhup -if < \%x 60 goto look -else goto slhup - -:sllogin ; login -assign \%x 0 ; zero the time counter -pause 1 -echo Looking for login prompt. - -:slloop -increment \%x ; Count the seconds -clear ; Clear unread characters from input buffer -output \13 -; -; put your expected login prompt here: -; -input 1 {Username: } -if success goto sluid -reinput 1 {\255} -if success goto slhup -reinput 1 {\127} -if success goto slhup -if < \%x 10 goto slloop ; try 10 times to get a login prompt -else goto slhup ; hang up and start again if 10 failures - -:sluid -; -; put your userid here: -; -output ppp-login\13 -input 1 {Password: } -; -; put your password here: -; -output ppp-password\13 -input 1 {Entering SLIP mode.} -echo -quit - -:slnodial -echo \7No dialtone. Check the telephone line!\7 -exit 1 - -; local variables: -; mode: csh -; comment-start: "; " -; comment-start-skip: "; " -; end: ------------------------- - -################################################################### -Gennady B. Sorokopud ( gena@NetVision.net.il ) 24/10/94 12:00 diff --git a/share/FAQ/Text/slip.FAQ b/share/FAQ/Text/slip.FAQ deleted file mode 100644 index 4baf38c..0000000 --- a/share/FAQ/Text/slip.FAQ +++ /dev/null @@ -1,192 +0,0 @@ -*********************************************************************** -*** How to Set Up SLIP on FreeBSD *** -*********************************************************************** - -$Id: slip.FAQ,v 1.2 1995/01/03 15:54:06 gclarkii Exp $ - -Updated for 1.1.5(.1) support by Satoshi Asami, 8/6/94. - -The following is I (asami) set up my FreeBSD machine for SLIP on a -static host network. For dynamic hostname assignments (i.e., your -address changes each time you dial up), you probably need to do -something much fancier. - -This is just "what I did, and it worked for me". I'm sharing this -just for your reference, I'm no expert in SLIP nor networking so your -mileage may vary. - -Note: for 1.1 systems (not 1.1.5), you need to use /dev/tty01 instead -of /dev/cua01. substitute all the occurences of "cua" in this document -with "tty". - -Note: the default 1.1.5(.1) system only comes with cua/ttyd pairs for -the last two ports (2 and 3), so if your modem is at sio0/sio1 -(COM1/COM2), you need to make the devices. Try "cd /dev; sh MAKEDEV -cua01" to make the new special files for sio1 (ditto for sio0). This -will delete tty01, but you shouldn't need it anymore...or you can make -a symbolic link /dev/tty01 -> ttyd1 if you don't want to hunt down all -occurences of tty01 in your setup files. - -I actually have a symbolic link /dev/modem -> cua01 (and /dev/mouse -> -ttyd0). I use only the modem/mouse names in my configuration files. -This helped a lot when I switched from 1.1 to 1.1.5.1 (tty01 => cua01) -and when I had to move my modem temporarily to sio2 to enable the -RS-232C port on the serial card. It can become quite cumbersome when -you need to fix a bunch of files in /etc and .kermrc's all over the -system! - -First, make sure you have - -pseudo-device sl 2 - -in your kernel's config file. It is included in the GENERIC, GENERICAH -and GENERICBT kernels, so this won't be a problem unless you deleted it. - -Things you have to do only once: - -(1) Add your home machine, the gateway and nameservers to your - /etc/hosts file. Mine looks like this: - -127.0.0.1 localhost loghost -136.152.64.181 silvia.HIP.Berkeley.EDU silvia.HIP silvia - -136.152.64.1 inr-3.Berkeley.EDU inr-3 slip-gateway -128.32.136.9 ns1.Berkeley.edu ns1 -128.32.136.12 ns2.Berkeley.edu ns2 - - By the way, silvia is the name of the car that I had when I was - back in Japan (it's called 2?0SX here in U.S.). - -(2) Make sure you have "hosts" before "bind" in your /etc/host.conf. - Otherwise, funny things may happen. - -(3) Edit the /etc/netstart and add this to the end of the file: - -# set up slip -gateway=slip-gateway -ifconfig sl0 inet $hostname $gateway netmask 0xffffff00 -route add default $gateway - - Note that because of the "slip-gateway" entry in /etc/hosts, there - is no local dependency in the netstart file. Also, you might want - to un-comment the "route add $hostname localhost" line. - -(3') Make a file /etc/resolv.conf which contains: - -domain HIP.Berkeley.EDU -nameserver 128.32.136.9 -nameserver 128.32.136.12 - - As you can see, these set up the nameserver hosts. Of course, the - actual addresses depend on your environment. - -(4) Set the password for root and toor (and any other accounts that - doesn't have a password). Use passwd, don't edit the passwd or - passwd.master files! - -(5) Edit /etc/myname and reboot the machine. - -How to set up the connection: - -(6) Dial up, type "slip" at the prompt, enter your machine name and - password. The things you need to enter depends on your - environment. I use kermit, with a script like this: - -# kermit setup -set modem hayes -set line /dev/cua01 -set speed 57600 -set parity none -set flow rts/cts -set terminal bytesize 8 -set file type binary -# The next macro will dial up and login -define slip dial 643-9600, input 10 =>, if failure stop, - -output slip\x0d, input 10 Username:, if failure stop, - -output silvia\x0d, input 10 Password:, if failure stop, - -output ***\x0d, echo \x0aCONNECTED\x0a - - (of course, you have to change the hostname and password to fit - yours). Then you can just type "slip" from the kermit prompt to - get connected. - - Note: leaving your password in plain text anywhere in the - filesystem is generally a BAD idea. Do it at your own risk. I'm - just too lazy. - - Note: If you have an 1.1 machine, and kermit doesn't give you a - prompt, try "stty -f /dev/tty01 clocal". I put this in - /etc/rc.local so that it works the first time I boot the machine. - This doesn't apply to 1.1.5(.1) systems, as cua0? are already - configured for dialouts. - -(7) Leave the kermit there (you can suspend it by "z") and as root, - type - -slattach -h -c -s 57600 /dev/cua01 - - if you are able to "ping" hosts on campus, you are connected! - - If it doesn't work, you might want to try "-a" instead of "-c". - -(8) Happy slipping! - -How to shutdown the connection: - -(9) Type "ps gx" (as root) to find out the PID of slattach, and use - "kill -INT" to kill it. - - Then go back to kermit ("fg" if you suspended it) and exit from it - ("q"). - - The slattach man page says you have to use "ifconfig sl0 down" to - mark the interface down, but this doesn't seem to make any - difference for me. ("ifconfig sl0" reports the same thing.) - - Some times, your modem might refuse to drop the carrier (mine - often does). In that case, simply start kermit and quit it again. - It usually goes out on the second try. - - When you want to connect again, go back to (6). You may have to - watch out for clocal mode. If "stty -f /dev/tty01" doesn't tell - you it's clocal, you need to re-set it before kermitting. Again, - this is only for 1.1 machines. - -TROUBLESHOOTING: - -If it doesn't work, feel free to ask me. The things that people -tripped over so far: - -* Not using "-c" or "-a" in slattach (I have no idea why this can be - fatal, but adding this flag solved the problem for at least one - person) - -* Using "s10" instead of "sl0" (might be hard to see the difference on - some fonts :) - -Try "ifconfig sl0" to see your interface status. I get: - -silvia# ifconfig sl0 -sl0: flags=10<POINTOPOINT> - inet 136.152.64.181 --> 136.152.64.1 netmask ffffff00 - -Also, "netstat -r" will give the routing table, in case you get the -"no route to host" messages from ping. Mine looks like: - -silvia# netstat -r -Routing tables -Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use IfaceMTU Rtt -Netmasks: -(root node) -(root node) - -Route Tree for Protocol Family inet: -(root node) => -default inr-3.Berkeley.EDU UG 8 224515 sl0 - - -localhost.Berkel localhost.Berkeley UH 5 42127 lo0 - 0.438 -inr-3.Berkeley.E silvia.HIP.Berkele UH 1 0 sl0 - - -silvia.HIP.Berke localhost.Berkeley UGH 34 47641234 lo0 - 0.438 -(root node) - -(this is after transferring a bunch of files, your numbers should be -smaller). diff --git a/share/FAQ/Text/slip_server.FAQ b/share/FAQ/Text/slip_server.FAQ deleted file mode 100644 index 99b50a2..0000000 --- a/share/FAQ/Text/slip_server.FAQ +++ /dev/null @@ -1,433 +0,0 @@ - Slip Server - FAQ - For - FreeBSD - -$Id: slip_server.FAQ,v 1.2 1994/12/16 04:01:16 gclarkii Exp $ - -Help for setting up SLIP Server services on a FreeBSD system ------------------------------------------------------------- - -Written by Guy Helmer (ghelmer@alpha.dsu.edu) -Last Updated December 13, 1994 - -This document provides suggestions for setting up SLIP Server services -on a FreeBSD system, which typically means configuring your system to -automatically startup connections upon login for remote SLIP clients. -I've written this document based on my own experience; however, as -your system and needs may be different, this document may not answer -all of your questions, and I cannot be responsible if you damage your -system or lose data due to attempting to follow the suggestions here. - -I have only setup SLIP Server services on a FreeBSD 1.1 system, so if -you are running a different version (such as FreeBSD 2.0), your system -may be different. I've decided to write this document since I've -recently been asked for the umpteenth time how to setup a FreeBSD -machine as a SLIP server :-) - - -1. Prerequisites ----------------- - -This document is very technical in nature, so background knowledge is -required. I must assume that you are familiar with the TCP/IP network -protocol, and in particular, network and node addressing, network -address masks, subnetting, routing, and routing protocols, such as -RIP. Configuring SLIP services on a dial-up server requires a -knowledge of these concepts, and if you are not familiar with them, -please read a copy of either Craig Hunt's "TCP/IP Network -Administration" published by O'Reilly & Associates, Inc. (ISBN Number -0-937175-82-X), or Douglas Comer's book on the TCP/IP protocol. - -I will assume that you have already setup your modem(s) and configured -the appropriate system files to allow logins through your modems (see -the manual pages for sio(4) for information on the serial port device -driver and ttys(5), gettytab(5), getty(8), & init(8) for information -relevant to configuring the system to accept logins on modems, and -perhaps stty(1) for information on setting serial port parameters -[such as "clocal" for directly-connected serial interfaces]). - -2. Quick Overview ------------------ - -In its typical configuration, using FreeBSD as a SLIP server works as -follows: a SLIP user dials up your FreeBSD SLIP Server system and logs -in with a special SLIP login ID that uses "/usr/sbin/sliplogin" as the -special user's shell. The "sliplogin" program browses the file -"/etc/slip.hosts" to find a matching line for the special user, and if -it finds a match, connects the serial line to an available SLIP -interface and then runs /etc/slip.login to configure the SLIP -interface. - -2.1 An Example of a SLIP Server Login -------------------------------------- - -For example, if my SLIP user ID were "Shelmerg", that user's entry in -/etc/master.passwd would look something like this (except it would be -all on one line): - -Shelmerg:password:1964:89::0:0:Guy Helmer - SLIP: - /usr/users/Shelmerg:/usr/sbin/sliplogin - -and, when I log in with that user ID, "sliplogin" will search -/etc/slip.hosts for a line that had a matching user ID; on my system, -I may have a line in /etc/slip.hosts that reads: - -Shelmerg dc-slip sl-helmer 0xfffffc00 autocomp - -sliplogin will find that matching line, hook the serial line I'm on -into the next available SLIP interface, and then execute -/etc/slip.login like this: - -/etc/slip.login 0 19200 Shelmerg dc-slip sl-helmer 0xfffffc00 autocomp - -If all goes well, /etc/slip.login will issue an "ifconfig" for the -SLIP interface to which sliplogin attached itself (slip interface 0, -in the above example, which was the first parameter in the list given -to slip.login) to set the local IP address (dc-slip), remote IP -address (sl-helmer), network mask for the SLIP interface (0xfffffc00), -and any additional flags (autocomp). If something goes wrong, -sliplogin usually logs good informational messages via the daemon -syslog facility, which usually goes into /var/log/messages (see the -manual pages for syslogd(8) and syslog.conf(5), and perhaps check -/etc/syslog.conf to see to which files syslogd is logging). - -OK, enough of the examples -- let's dive into setting up the system. - -3. Kernel Configuration ------------------------ - -FreeBSD's default kernels usually come with two SLIP interfaces -defined (sl0 and sl1); you can use "netstat -i" to see whether these -interfaces are defined in your kernel. - -Sample output from "netstat -i": -Name Mtu Network Address Ipkts Ierrs Opkts Oerrs Coll -ed0 1500 <Link>0.0.c0.2c.5f.4a 291311 0 174209 0 133 -ed0 1500 138.247.224 ivory 291311 0 174209 0 133 -lo0 65535 <Link> 79 0 79 0 0 -lo0 65535 loop localhost 79 0 79 0 0 -sl0* 296 <Link> 0 0 0 0 0 -sl1* 296 <Link> 0 0 0 0 0 - -The sl0 and sl1 interfaces shown in "netstat -i"'s output indicate -that there are two SLIP interfaces built into the kernel. (The -asterisks after the "sl0" and "sl1" indicate that the interfaces are -"down".) - -However, FreeBSD's default kernels do not come configured to forward -packets (ie, your FreeBSD machine will not act as a router) due to -Internet RFC requirements for Internet hosts (see RFC's 1009 -[Requirements for Internet Gateways], 1122 [Requirements for Internet -Hosts -- Communication Layers], and perhaps 1127 [A Perspective on the -Host Requirements RFCs]), so if you want your FreeBSD SLIP Server to -act as a router, you'll have to add the line "options GATEWAY" to your -machine's kernel configuration file and re-compile the kernel anyway. -(Trivia: "Gateways" are the Internet's old name for what are now -usually called "routers".) - -Please see the BSD System Manager's Manual chapter on "Building -Berkeley Kernels with Config" [the source for which is in -/usr/src/share/doc/smm] and the "FreeBSD Configuration Options" [in -/sys/doc/options.doc] for more information on configuring and building -kernels. You may have to unpack the kernel source distribution if -haven't installed the system sources already (srcdist/srcsys.?? in -FreeBSD 1.1, srcdist/sys.?? in FreeBSD 1.1.5.1, or the entire source -distribution in FreeBSD 2.0-RELEASE) to be able to configure and build -kernels. - -You'll notice that near the end of the default kernel configuration -file (/sys/i386/conf/GENERICAH) is a line that reads: - -pseudo-device sl 2 - -which is the line that defines the number of SLIP devices available in -the kernel; the number at the end of the line is the maximum number of -SLIP connections that may be operating simultaneously. - -See the "Building Berkeley Kernels with Config" and the manual page -for config(8) to see how to configure and build kernels. - -4. Sliplogin Configuration --------------------------- - -As mentioned earlier, there are three files in the /etc directory that -are part of the configuration for /usr/sbin/sliplogin (see -sliplogin(8) for the actual manual page for sliplogin): slip.hosts, -which lists the SLIP users & their associated IP addresses; -slip.login, which usually just configures the SLIP interface; and -slip.logout, which undoes slip.login's effects when the serial -connection is terminated. - -4.1 slip.hosts Configuration & Local and Remote Address Selection ------------------------------------------------------------------ - -/etc/slip.hosts contains lines which have at least four items listed: -a SLIP user's login ID, the local address (local to the SLIP server) -of the SLIP link, the remote address of the SLIP link, and the network -mask. The local and remote addresses may be host names (given in -/etc/hosts or by the domain name service, depending on your -specifications in /etc/host.conf), and I believe the network mask may -be a name that can be resolved by a lookup into /etc/networks. On one -of my systems, /etc/slip.hosts looks like this: - ------ begin /etc/slip.hosts ----- -# -# login local-addr remote-addr mask opt1 opt2 -# (normal,compress,noicmp) -# -Shelmerg dc-slip sl-helmerg 0xfffffc00 autocomp ------ end /etc/slip.hosts ------ - -At the end of the line is one or more of the options: - - "normal" - no header compression - "compress" - compress headers - "autocomp" - compress headers if the remote end allows it - "noicmp" - disable ICMP packets (so any "ping" packets won't use up - any of your bandwidth) - -Your choice of local and remote addresses for your SLIP links depends -on whether you are going to dedicate a TCP/IP subnet or if you are -going to use "proxy ARP" on your SLIP server (it's not "true" proxy -ARP, but that is the terminology that I will use in this document to -describe it). If you're not sure which method to select or how to -assign IP addresses, please refer to the TCP/IP books referenced in -the "Prerequisites" section and/or consult your IP network manager. - -If you are going to use a separate subnet for your SLIP clients, you -will need to allocate the subnet number out of your assigned IP -network number and assign each of your SLIP client's IP numbers out of -that subnet; then you will probably either need to configure a static -route to the SLIP subnet via your SLIP server on your nearest IP -router, or install "gated" on your FreeBSD SLIP server and configure -it to talk the appropriate routing protocols to your other routers to -inform them about your SLIP server's route to the SLIP subnet. - -Otherwise, if you will use the "proxy ARP" method, you will need to -assign your SLIP client's IP addresses out of your SLIP server's -Ethernet subnet, and you'll also need to adjust your /etc/slip.login -and /etc/slip.logout scripts to use arp(8) to manage the proxy-ARP -entries in the SLIP server's ARP table. - -4.2 slip.login Configuration ----------------------------- - -The typical /etc/slip.login file looks like this: - ------ begin /etc/slip.login ----- -#!/bin/sh - -# -# @(#)slip.login 5.1 (Berkeley) 7/1/90 - -# -# generic login file for a slip line. sliplogin invokes this with -# the parameters: -# 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-n -# slipunit ttyspeed loginname local-addr remote-addr mask opt-args -# -/sbin/ifconfig sl$1 inet $4 $5 netmask $6 ------ end /etc/slip.login ----- - -This slip.login file merely ifconfig's the appropriate SLIP interface -with the local and remote addresses and network mask of the SLIP -interface. - -If you have decided to use the "proxy ARP" method (instead of using a -separate subnet for your SLIP clients), your /etc/slip.login file will -need to look something like this: - ------ begin /etc/slip.login for "proxy ARP" ----- -#!/bin/sh - -# -# @(#)slip.login 5.1 (Berkeley) 7/1/90 - -# -# generic login file for a slip line. sliplogin invokes this with -# the parameters: -# 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-n -# slipunit ttyspeed loginname local-addr remote-addr mask opt-args -# -/sbin/ifconfig sl$1 inet $4 $5 netmask $6 -# Answer ARP requests for the SLIP client with our Ethernet addr -/usr/sbin/arp -s $5 00:11:22:33:44:55 pub ------ end /etc/slip.login for "proxy ARP" ----- - -The additional line in this slip.login, "arp -s...", creates an ARP -entry in the SLIP server's ARP table which asks the system to give out -the SLIP server's Ethernet MAC address whenever a another system or -router on the Ethernet asks to speak to the SLIP client's IP address. - -When using the example above, be sure to replace the Ethernet MAC -address (00:11:22:33:44:55) with the MAC address of your system's -Ethernet card, or your "proxy ARP" will definitely not work! You can -discover your SLIP server's Ethernet MAC address by looking at the -results of running "netstat -i"; the second line of the output should -look something like: - -ed0 1500 <Link>0.2.c1.28.5f.4a 191923 0 129457 0 116 - ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ - -which indicates that this particular system's Ethernet MAC address is -"00:02:c1:28:5f:4a" -- the periods in the Ethernet MAC address given -by "netstat -i" must be changed to colons and leading zeros should be -added to each single-digit hexadecimal number to convert the address -into the form that arp(8) desires; see the manual page on arp(8) for -complete information on usage. - -Note that when you create /etc/slip.login and /etc/slip.logout, the -"execute" bit ("chmod 755 /etc/slip.login /etc/slip.logout") must be -set, or sliplogin will be unable to execute it. - -4.3 slip.logout Configuration ------------------------------ - -"/etc/slip.logout" isn't strictly needed, but if you decide to create -it, this is an example of a basic slip.logout script: - ------ begin /etc/slip.logout ----- -#!/bin/sh - -# -# slip.logout - -# -# logout file for a slip line. sliplogin invokes this with -# the parameters: -# 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-n -# slipunit ttyspeed loginname local-addr remote-addr mask opt-args -# -/sbin/ifconfig sl$1 down ------ end /etc/slip.logout ----- - -If you are using "proxy ARP", you'll want to have /etc/slip.logout -remove the ARP entry for the SLIP client: - ------ begin /etc/slip.logout for "proxy ARP" ----- -#!/bin/sh - -# -# @(#)slip.logout - -# -# logout file for a slip line. sliplogin invokes this with -# the parameters: -# 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-n -# slipunit ttyspeed loginname local-addr remote-addr mask opt-args -# -/sbin/ifconfig sl$1 down -# Quit answering ARP requests for the SLIP client -/usr/sbin/arp -d $5 ------ end /etc/slip.logout for "proxy ARP" ----- - -The "arp -d $5" removes the ARP entry that the "proxy ARP" slip.login -added when the SLIP client logged in. - -It bears repeating: make sure /etc/slip.logout has the execute bit set -for after you create it (e.g., "chmod 755 /etc/slip.logout"). - -5. Routing Considerations -------------------------- - -If you are not using the "proxy ARP" method for routing packets -between your SLIP clients and the rest of your network (and perhaps -the Internet), you will probably either have to add static routes to -your closest default router(s) to route your SLIP client subnet via -your SLIP server, or you will probably need to install and configure -gated on your FreeBSD SLIP server so that it will tell your routers -via appropriate routing protocols about your SLIP subnet. - -5.1 Static Routes ------------------ - -Adding static routes to your nearest default routers can be -troublesome (or impossible, if you don't have authority to do so...). -If you have a multiple-router network in your organization, some -routers, such as Cisco and Proteon, may not only need to be configured -with the static route to the SLIP subnet, but also need to be told -which static routes to tell other routers about, so some expertise and -troubleshooting/tweaking may be necessary to get static-route-based -routing to work... - -5.2 Running gated ------------------ - -An alternative to the headaches of static routes is to install gated -on your FreeBSD SLIP server and configure it to use the appropriate -routing protocols (RIP/OSPF/BGP/EGP) to tell other routers about your -SLIP subnet. gated is available from ftp.gated.cornell.edu in -/pub/gated; I believe the current version as of this writing is -"gated-R3_5Alpha_8.tar.Z", which should include support for FreeBSD -"out-of-the-box". Compile and install it, and then write a -/etc/gated.conf file to configure your gated; here's a sample, similar -to what I use on my FreeBSD SLIP server: - ------ begin sample /etc/gated.conf for gated version 3.5Alpha5 ----- -# -# gated configuration file for dc.dsu.edu; for gated version 3.5alpha5 -# Only broadcast RIP information for xxx.xxx.yy out the ed Ethernet interface -# -# -# tracing options -# -traceoptions "/var/tmp/gated.output" replace size 100k files 2 general ; - -rip yes { - interface sl noripout noripin ; - interface ed ripin ripout version 1 ; - traceoptions route ; -} ; - -# -# Turn on a bunch of tracing info for the interface to the kernel: -kernel { - traceoptions remnants request routes info interface ; -} ; - -# -# Propagate the route to xxx.xxx.yy out the Ethernet interface via RIP -# - -export proto rip interface ed { - proto direct { - xxx.xxx.yy mask 255.255.252.0 metric 1; # SLIP connections - } ; -} ; - -# -# Accept routes from RIP via ed Ethernet interfaces - -import proto rip interface ed { - all ; -} ; - ------ end sample /etc/gated.conf ----- - -The above sample gated.conf file broadcasts routing information -regarding the SLIP subnet "xxx.xxx.yy" via RIP onto the Ethernet; if -you are using a different Ethernet driver than the "ed" driver, you'll -need to change the references to the "ed" interface appropriately. -This sample file also sets up tracing to /var/tmp/gated.output for -debugging gated; you can certainly turn off the tracing options if -gated works OK for you. I've changed my SLIP subnet's address to -"xxx.xxx.yy" throughout the above file; you'll need to change the -"xxx.xxx.yy"'s into the network address of your own SLIP subnet (be -sure to change the net mask in the "proto direct" clause as well). -Complete gated configuration information may be read through the Web -at "http://www.gated.cornell.edu/". - -When you get gated built and installed, and create a configuration -file for it, you'll need to run gated in place of routed on your -FreeBSD system; change the routed/gated startup parameters in -/etc/netstart as appropriate for your system. Please see the manual -page for gated for information on gated's command-line parameters. - -6. Acknowledgements -------------------- - -Thanks to these people for comments and advice regarding this FAQ: - - Wilko Bulte <wilko@yedi.iaf.nl> - Piero Serini <Piero@Strider.Inet.IT> - -<<< END OF SLIP SERVER FAQ >>> - - diff --git a/share/FAQ/Text/submitters.FAQ b/share/FAQ/Text/submitters.FAQ deleted file mode 100644 index 69a79f3..0000000 --- a/share/FAQ/Text/submitters.FAQ +++ /dev/null @@ -1,167 +0,0 @@ --- A submitter's guide to FreeBSD -- - -This guide is intended for those who are moderately familar with FreeBSD -and are now to the point where they have some locally developed -customizations or fixes to the system which they'd like to incorporate -back into the mainstream sources, thus saving the work of having to -re-integrate the changes for each subsequent FreeBSD release. Submitting -something to the FreeBSD project is also an excellent way of getting your -code seriously *tested*! Many people have developed an original concept -far beyond what they might have envisioned at the start just due to the -flood of feedback and ideas generated by the many thousands of users of -FreeBSD. Contributions are also what FreeBSD lives and grows from, -and so your contributions are very important to the continued survival -of this communal effort of ours - we're very glad to see you reading this -documentation! :-) - -Submissions to FreeBSD can generally be classified into four catagories: - -1. Ideas, general suggestions, bug reports. -2. Addition, deletion, renaming or patching of existing sources. -3. Significant contribution of a large body of independant work. -4. Porting of freely available software. - -A submission in *any* of these catagories is highly welcomed as they -are each, in their own way, quite significant to the project. - - -1. An idea, suggestion or fix can be communicated in one of the following ways: - - o An idea or suggestion of general technical interest should be - mailed to <hackers@freebsd.org>. Likewise, people with an interest - in such things (and a tolerance for a HIGH volume of mail!) may - subscribe by sendimg mail to <majordomo@freebsd.org>. See also the - file /usr/share/FAQ/mailing-list.FAQ. - - o An actual bug report should be filed by using the send-pr(1) - command (``man send-pr'' for information). This will prompt - you for various fields to fill in. Simply go to the fields - surrounded by <>'s and fill in your own information in place of - what's suggested there. You should receive confirmation of your - bug report and a tracking number (which you should also reference in - any subsequent correspondence). - - If you do not receive confirmation in a timely fashion (3 days to - a week, depending on your email connection) or are, for some - reason, unable to use the send-pr command, then you may also - file a bug report (or follow-up to one) by sending mail to: - - <bugs@freebsd.org> - - -2. An addition or change to the existing source code is a somewhat trickier - affair and depends a lot on how far out of date you are with the current - state of the core FreeBSD development. There is a special on-going release - of FreeBSD known as "FreeBSD-current" and made available in a variety of - ways (see /usr/share/FAQ/current-policy.FAQ and /usr/share/FAQ/ctm.FAQ) for - the convenience of developers who wish to actively work on the system. - - Working from older sources unfortunately means that your changes may - sometimes be too obsolete to use, or too divergent to allow for easy - re-integration. This can be minimized somewhat by subscribing to the - <announce@freebsd.org> mailing list (among others) where periodic - announcements concerning the current state of the system are made. - If you see a change being proposed for which you have a better solution, - then please, by all means come forward with your contribution and we - will do our very best to evaluate it fairly and perhaps integrate it if - it is indeed a better (or easier :) solution. - - Assuming that you can manage to secure fairly up-to-date sources to base - your changes on, the next step is to produce a set of diffs to send to the - FreeBSD maintainers for evaluation and possible adoption. This is done - with the diff(1) command, with the FreeBSD maintainers preferring to receive - diffs in `context diff' form. See the man page for diff for more details - on producing both context and recursive context diffs - (diff -c <oldfile> <newfile> or diff -c -r <olddir> <newdir>). - - Once you have a set of diffs that are capable of taking a copy of the - original code and bringing it to a state identical to the "new" sources - (you may test this with the patch(1) command - see patch man page), you - should bundle them up in an email message and send it, along with a brief - description of what the diffs are for, to <hackers@freebsd.org>. Someone - will very likely get back in touch with you in 24 hours or less, assuming - of course that your diffs are interesting! :-) - - If your changes don't express themselves well as diffs alone (e.g. you've - perhaps added, deleted or renamed files as well) then you may be better off - bundling any new files, diffs and instructions for deleting/renaming any - others into a tar file and running the `uuencode' program on it before - sending the output of that to <hackers@freebsd.org>. See the man pages - on tar and uuencode for more info on bundling files through the mail this - way. - - If your change is of a potentially sensitive nature, e.g. you're unsure - of copyright issues governing its further distribution, or you're simply - not ready to release it without a tighter review first, then you should - send it to <core@freebsd.org> rather than <hackers@freebsd.org>. The core - mailing list reaches a much smaller group of people who do much of the - day-to-day work on FreeBSD. Note that this group is also VERY BUSY and so - you should really only mail to them in cases where mailing to hackers - truly is impractical. - - -3. In the case of a significant contribution of a large body work, or the - addition of an important new feature to FreeBSD, it becomes almost always - necessary to either send changes as uuencoded tar files (see above) - or upload them to our ftp site: - ftp://freefall.cdrom.com/pub/FreeBSD/incoming - - Users may log in anonymously and upload their work or download the - work-in-progress files left by others. - - When working with large amounts of code, the touchy subject of copyrights - also invariably comes up. The view of the FreeBSD project towards - acceptable copyrights (for code included in FreeBSD) are: - - 3a. Contributions under the BSD copyright (see the file - /usr/share/examples/etc/bsd-style-copyright for a template) - is greatly preferred due to its "no strings attached" - nature and general attractiveness to commercial enterprises - who might then be inclined to invest something of their own - into FreeBSD. - - 3b. Contributions under the GNU Public License, or "GPL". This is - not quite as popular a solution for us, due to (all religious - issues aside) the amount of extra effort demanded of anyone - using the code for commercial purposes. However, given the - sheer quantity of GPL'd code we currently require (compiler, - assembler, text formatter, etc), it would be silly to pretend - that we couldn't deal with the GPL at all and so we have become - more willing to accept code with either the BSD or the GPL - copyright. Code under the GPL also goes into a different part - of the tree, that being /sys/gnu or /usr/src/gnu. - - 3c. Contributions coming under any other type of copyright must be - carefully reviewed before their inclusion into FreeBSD will even - be considered. Contributions for which particularly restrictive - commercial copyrights apply are generally rejected, though the - authors are always free to make the changes available through - their own channels. - - -4. The porting of freely available software, while perhaps not as gratifying - as developing your own package from scratch, is still a vital part of - FreeBSD's growth and of great usefulness to those who wouldn't otherwise - know where to turn for it. All ported software is organized into a - hierarchy know as ``the ports collection''. This collection enables - a new user to get a complete overview of what's available in a short time, - and with a logical (we hope) framework. The ports collection also saves - considerable space by not actually containing the the majority of the - sources being ported. This can be confusing to the new user and the file - /usr/share/FAQ/ports.FAQ goes some way towards explaing how it all works. - - If you have the ports collection on your machine, the file - /usr/ports/GUIDELINES also helps to explain the process of creating - and contributing a port of your own. For more information on the ports - collection (that wasn't available in the FAQ), you may also send mail to - <ports@freebsd.org>. - - -Whichever way you decide to contribute, we hope you'll find it an enjoyable -process and also realize how valuable your contributions are to the project! -FreeBSD is one of those great projects where the more we all put in, the -more we all get back out of it again, and with enough steady contributions -it begins to aquire a momentum of its own. It is through such momentum -that mountains are moved! :-) - - Jordan diff --git a/share/FAQ/Text/sup.FAQ b/share/FAQ/Text/sup.FAQ deleted file mode 100644 index 681d123..0000000 --- a/share/FAQ/Text/sup.FAQ +++ /dev/null @@ -1,91 +0,0 @@ - FreeBSD - Sup FAQ - -$Id: sup.FAQ,v 1.1 1995/03/21 20:19:46 jkh Exp $ - - SUP is a network based software update tool developed at CMU. The -purpose of this document is get the beginner up and running with sup. - - First off you will need to pick up the sup binaries. The easiest -way of doing this is to grab the sup.tgz package from: - - ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.ORG:/pub/FreeBSD/packages/sup.tgz - -Install the sup package using pkg_add and add the following line to -your /etc/services file: - - sup 871/tcp #sup - -SUP gets the information it needs to run from a configuration file -called a supfile. This file tells sup what collections it will be updating -and/or installing and where they go. The supfile in this directory will -sup both the source and ports collection - look for the blank line seperating -the two collections; if you don't want ports, you can simply delete all the -ports entries. If you're inside the United States, you may also uncomment -the `secure' collection line to grab the DES code. If you're outside the -U.S., you should NOT sup this code from FreeBSD.ORG as this will -violate U.S. export restrictions. Simply sup everything *but* the secure -collection and then go look on "braae.ru.ac.za", where it's available for -anonymous ftp for those outside the U.S. - -Any other distributions you do not wish to receive can be commented out -with a # at the begining of the distribution line. - -Once this is setup, you're ready to go. To start sup type: - - sup supfile - -If you wish to see what sup is doing "verbosely", give it the -v option, -like so: - - sup -v supfile - -Thats all there is to it! Remember that if you're running current, -which is what you will have if you sup, please join the freebsd-current -mailing list. You should also be sure to read: - - ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.ORG:/pub/FreeBSD/FAQ/current-policy.FAQ - -For important information on just what we can and cannot do for you as -a -current user. - -Gary Clark II / Jordan Hubbard -FreeBSD maintainance persons. - ----- - -Description of FreeBSD SUP distributions: - -base: /usr/src/... misc files at the top of /usr/src -bin: /usr/src/bin system binaries -secure: /usr/src/secure DES Sources. U.S./Canada only! -etc: /usr/src/etc system files -games: /usr/src/games games -gnu: /usr/src/gnu sources under the GNU Public License -include: /usr/src/include include files -sys: /usr/src/sys kernel sources -lib: /usr/src/lib libraries -libexec: /usr/src/libexec more system binaries -share: /usr/src/share various shared resources -sbin: /usr/src/sbin even more system binaries -usrbin: /usr/src/usr.bin user binaries -usrsbin: /usr/src/usr.sbin that's it for the system binaries - -Ports: - -ports-base: /usr/ports/... misc files at the top of /usr/ports -ports-editors: /usr/ports/editors text editors -ports-game: /usr/ports/games games -ports-lang: /usr/ports/lang programming languages -ports-mail: /usr/ports/mail mail software -ports-math: /usr/ports/math math software -ports-net: /usr/ports/net networking software -ports-news: /usr/ports/news USENET news software -ports-print: /usr/ports/print printing software -ports-russian: /usr/ports/russian russian software -ports-shells: /usr/ports/shells various UN*X shells -ports-utils: /usr/ports/utils miscellaneous utilities -ports-x11: /usr/ports/x11 X11 software - - - diff --git a/share/FAQ/Text/systems.FAQ b/share/FAQ/Text/systems.FAQ deleted file mode 100644 index 34c8e71..0000000 --- a/share/FAQ/Text/systems.FAQ +++ /dev/null @@ -1,59 +0,0 @@ - - Systems FAQ - for FreeBSD 2.0 - -This FAQ lists systems (and componets) known to work with FreeBSD 2.0. None -of these lists should be seen as a recomandation for a manufacture. - -$Id: systems.FAQ,v 1.2 1995/01/03 15:54:08 gclarkii Exp $ - - -i386: - - -Motherboard: Magitronics 386DX-40 -CPU: i386DX-40 -Busses: ISA and VLB (VLB not tested) -Ram: 20 Megs -Video: Generic 1MB Tseng 4000 (ISA) -Disks: - 2 - Segate ST1126 (SCSI) - 1 - Seagate ST1480 (SCSI) - 1 - Toshiba MK-234FC-C (IDE) -Controllers: - Generic IDE - Adaptec AH-1542CF - -Motherboard: Magitronics 386SX-40 -CPU: i386SX-40 -Busses: ISA -Ram: 4 Megs -Video: Monochrome -Disks: - 1-Seagate ST1126 (SCSI) -Controllers: - Future Domain 850 -Notes: Slow but useable - -i486: - -Motherboard: Gateway 2000 Handbook 486 HB486DX2-40 -CPU: i486SL DX2/40 -BUS(S): PCMCIA, one type II -Video Card: Monochrome VGA. -Are you running X on this?: no, havn't really tried. -Types of Disks (manufacture and bus): 130Mb builtin. <Areal A130 U> -If you wish to be credited: Poul-Henning Kamp phk@freefall.cdrom.com - -NOTES: -This is a 3 pound portable. Runs perfect. Suspend works great. Has one -serial and one parallel/floppy port, which can drive either a floppy or -a parallel port, but not at the same time. Builtin "EZ" mouse-thinge. -Highly recommended for people on the road. - - -Credits: - FreeBSD Core Team - Gary Clark II - Poul-Henning Kamp - diff --git a/share/FAQ/UUCP_Internals.FAQ b/share/FAQ/UUCP_Internals.FAQ deleted file mode 100644 index b927122..0000000 --- a/share/FAQ/UUCP_Internals.FAQ +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1603 +0,0 @@ -Path: bloom-beacon.mit.edu!cambridge-news.cygnus.com!comton.airs.com!ian -From: ian@airs.com (Ian Lance Taylor) -Newsgroups: comp.mail.uucp,comp.answers,news.answers -Subject: UUCP Internals Frequently Asked Questions -Keywords: UUCP, protocol, FAQ -Message-ID: <uucp-internals_787915801@airs.com> -Date: 20 Dec 94 09:30:02 GMT -Expires: 31 Jan 95 09:30:01 GMT -Reply-To: ian@airs.com (Ian Lance Taylor) -Followup-To: comp.mail.uucp -Organization: Infinity Development, Waltham, MA -Lines: 1587 -Approved: news-answers-request@MIT.Edu -Supersedes: <uucp-internals_785496601@airs.com> -Xref: bloom-beacon.mit.edu comp.mail.uucp:5270 comp.answers:9043 news.answers:31575 - -Archive-name: uucp-internals -Version: $Revision: 1.26 $ -Last-modified: $Date: 1994/10/26 02:39:07 $ - - This article was written by Ian Lance Taylor <ian@airs.com> and I may - even update it periodically. Please send me mail about suggestions - or inaccuracies. - - This article describes how the various UUCP protocols work, and - discusses some other internal UUCP issues. It does not describe how - to configure UUCP, nor how to solve UUCP connection problems, nor how - to deal with UUCP mail. I do not know of any FAQ postings on these - topics. There are some documents on the net describing UUCP - configuration, but I can not keep an up to date list here; try using - archie. - - If you haven't read the news.announce.newusers articles, read them. - - This article is in digest format. Some newsreaders will be able to - break it apart into separate articles. Please don't ask me how to do - this, though. - - This article answers the following questions. If one of these - questions is posted to comp.mail.uucp, please send mail to the poster - referring her or him to this FAQ. There is no reason to post a - followup, as most of us know the answer already. - -Sources -What does "alarm" mean in debugging output? -What are UUCP grades? -What is the format of a UUCP lock file? -What is the format of a UUCP X.* file? -What is the UUCP protocol? -What is the 'g' protocol? -What is the 'f' protocol? -What is the 't' protocol? -What is the 'e' protocol? -What is the 'G' protocol? -What is the 'i' protocol? -What is the 'j' protocol? -What is the 'x' protocol? -What is the 'y' protocol? -What is the 'd' protocol? -What is the 'h' protocol? -What is the 'v' protocol? -Thanks - ----------------------------------------------------------------------- - -From: Sources -Subject: Sources - -"Unix-to-Unix Copy Program," said PDP-1. "You will never find a more -wretched hive of bugs and flamers. We must be cautious." - --DECWars - -I took a lot of the information from Jamie E. Hanrahan's paper in the -Fall 1990 DECUS Symposium, and from Managing UUCP and Usenet by Tim -O'Reilly and Grace Todino (with contributions by several other -people). The latter includes most of the former, and is published by - O'Reilly & Associates, Inc. - 103 Morris Street, Suite A - Sebastopol, CA 95472 -It is currently in its tenth edition. The ISBN number is -0-937175-93-5. - -Some information is originally due to a Usenet article by Chuck -Wegrzyn. The information on execution files comes partially from -Peter Honeyman. The information on the 'g' protocol comes partially -from a paper by G.L. Chesson of Bell Laboratories, partially from -Jamie E. Hanrahan's paper, and partially from source code by John -Gilmore. The information on the 'f' protocol comes from the source -code by Piet Berteema. The information on the 't' protocol comes from -the source code by Rick Adams. The information on the 'e' protocol -comes from a Usenet article by Matthias Urlichs. The information on -the 'd' protocol comes from Jonathan Clark, who also supplied -information about QFT. The FSUUCP information comes straight from -Christopher J. Ambler; it applies to version 1.4 and up. - -Although there are few books about UUCP, there are many about networks -and protocols in general. I recommend two non-technical books which -describe the sorts of things that are available on the network: ``The -Whole Internet,'' by Ed Krol, and ``Zen and the Art of the Internet,'' -by Brendan P. Kehoe. Good technical discussions of networking issues -can be found in ``Internetworking with TCP/IP,'' by Douglas E. Comer -and David L. Stevens and in ``Design and Validation of Computer -Protocols'' by Gerard J. Holzmann. - ------------------------------- - -From: alarm -Subject: What does "alarm" mean in debugging output? - -The debugging output of many versions of UUCP (but not Taylor UUCP) -will include messages like - alarm 1 -or - pkcget: alarm 1 - -This message means that the UUCP package has timed out while waiting -for some sort of response from the remote system. This normally -indicates some sort of connection problem. For example, the modems -might have lost their connection, or perhaps one of the modems will -not transmit the XON and XOFF characters, or perhaps one side or the -other is dropping characters. It can also mean that the packages -disagree about some aspect of the UUCP protocol, although this is less -common. - -Using the information in the rest of this posting, you should be able -to figure out what type of data your UUCP was expecting to receive. -This may give some indication as to exactly what the problem is. It -is difficult to be more specific, since there are many possiblities. - ------------------------------- - -From: UUCP-grades -Subject: What are UUCP grades? - -Modern UUCP packages support grades for each command. The grades -generally range from 'A' (the highest) to 'Z' followed by 'a' to 'z'. -Some UUCP packages also support '0' to '9' before 'A'. Some UUCP -packages may permit any ASCII character as a grade. - -On Unix, these grades are encoded in the name of the command file. A -command file name generally has the form - C.nnnngssss -where nnnn is the remote system name for which the command is queued, -g is a single character grade, and ssss is a four character sequence -number. For example, a command file created for the system ``airs'' -at grade 'Z' might be named - C.airsZ2551 - -The remote system name will be truncated to seven characters, to -ensure that the command file name will fit in the 14 character file -name limit of the traditional Unix file system. UUCP packages which -have no other means of distinguishing which command files are intended -for which systems thus require all systems they connect to to have -names that are unique in the first seven characters. Some UUCP -packages use a variant of this format which truncates the system name -to six characters. HDB and Taylor UUCP use a different spool -directory format, which allows up to fourteen characters to be used -for each system name. - -The sequence number in the command file name may be a decimal integer, -or it may be a hexadecimal integer, or it may contain any alphanumeric -character. Different UUCP packages are different. - -FSUUCP (a DOS based UUCP and news package) uses up to 8 characters for -file names in the spool (this is a DOS file name limitation; actually, -with the extension, 11 characters are available, but FSUUCP reserves -that for future use). FSUUCP defaults mail to grade D, and news to -grade N, except that when the grade of incoming mail can be -determined, that grade is preserved if the mail is forwarded to -another system. Mail and news are currently the only 2 types of -transfers supported. The default grades may be changed by editing -the MAIL.RC file for mail, or the FSUUCP.CFG file for news. - -UUPC/extended for DOS, OS/2 and Windows NT handles mail at grade 'C', -news at grade 'd', and file transfers at grade 'n'. The UUPC/extended -UUCP and RMAIL commands accept grades to override the default, the -others do not. - -I do not know how command grades are handled in other non-Unix UUCP -packages. - -Modern UUCP packages allow you to restrict file transfer by grade -depending on the time of day. Typically this is done with a line in -the Systems (or L.sys) file like this: - airs Any/Z,Any2305-0855 ... -This allows grades 'Z' and above to be transferred at any time. Lower -grades may only be transferred at night. I believe that this grade -restriction applies to local commands as well as to remote commands, -but I am not sure. It may only apply if the UUCP package places the -call, not if it is called by the remote system. - -Taylor UUCP can use the ``timegrade'' and ``call-timegrade'' commands -to achieve the same effect (and supports the above format when reading -Systems or L.sys). - -UUPC/extended provides the symmetricgrades option to announce the -current grade in effect when calling the remote system. - -This sort of grade restriction is most useful if you know what grades -are being used at the remote site. The default grades used depend on -the UUCP package. Generally uucp and uux have different defaults. A -particular grade can be specified with the -g option to uucp or uux. -For example, to request execution of rnews on airs with grade 'd', you -might use something like - uux -gd - airs!rnews <article - -Uunet queues up mail at grade 'C', but increases the grade based on -the size. News is queued at grade 'd', and file transfers at grade -'n'. The example above would allow mail (below some large size) to be -received at any time, but would only permit news to be transferred at -night. - ------------------------------- - -From: UUCP-lock-file -Subject: What is the format of a UUCP lock file? - -This discussion applies only to Unix. I have no idea how UUCP locks -ports on other systems. - -UUCP creates files to lock serial ports and systems. On most if not -all systems these same lock files are also used by cu to coordinate -access to serial ports. On some systems getty also uses these lock -files, often under the name uugetty. - -The lock file normally contains the process ID of the locking process. -This makes it easy to determine whether a lock is still valid. The -algorithm is to create a temporary file and then link it to the name -that must be locked. If the link fails because a file with that name -already exists, the existing file is read to get the process ID. If -the process still exists, the lock attempt fails. Otherwise the lock -file is deleted and the locking algorithm is retried. - -Older UUCP packages put the lock files in the main UUCP spool -directory, /usr/spool/uucp. HDB UUCP generally puts the lock files in -a directory of their own, usually /usr/spool/locks or /etc/locks. - -The original UUCP lock file format encodes the process ID as a four -byte binary number. The order of the bytes is host-dependent. HDB -UUCP stores the process ID as a ten byte ASCII decimal number, with a -trailing newline. For example, if process 1570 holds a lock file, it -would contain the eleven characters space, space, space, space, space, -space, one, five, seven, zero, newline. Some versions of UUCP add a -second line indicating which program created the lock (uucp, cu, or -getty/uugetty). I have also seen a third type of UUCP lock file which -does not contain the process ID at all. - -The name of the lock file is traditionally "LCK.." followed by the -base name of the device. For example, to lock /dev/ttyd0 the file -LCK..ttyd0 would be created. On SCO Unix, the lock file name is -always forced to lower case even if the device name has upper case -letters. - -System V Release 4 UUCP names the lock file using the major and minor -device numbers rather than the device name. The file is named -LK.XXX.YYY.ZZZ, where XXX, YYY and ZZZ are all three digit decimal -numbers. XXX is the major device number of the device holding the -directory holding the device file (e.g., /dev). YYY is the major -device number of the device file itself. ZZZ is the minor device -number of the device file itself. If s holds the result of passing -the device to the stat system call (e.g., stat ("/dev/ttyd0", &s)), -the following line of C code will print out the corresponding lock -file name: - printf ("LK.%03d.%03d.%03d", major (s.st_dev), - major (s.st_rdev), minor (s.st_rdev)); -The advantage of this system is that even if there are several links -to the same device, they will all use the same lock file name. - ------------------------------- - -From: X-file -Subject: What is the format of a UUCP X.* file? - -UUCP X.* files control program execution. They are created by uux. -They are transferred between computers just like any other file. The -uuxqt daemon reads them to figure out how to execute the job requested -by uux. - -An X.* file is simply a text file. The first character of each line -is a command, and the remainder of the line supplies arguments. The -following commands are defined: - C command - This gives the command to execute, including the program and - all arguments. For example, - C rmail ian@airs.com - U user system - This names the user who requested the command, and the system - from which the request came. - I standard-input - This names the file from which standard input is taken. If no - standard input file is given, the standard input will probably - be attached to /dev/null. If the standard input file is not - from the system on which the execution is to occur, it will - also appear in an F command. - O standard-output [ system ] - This names the standard output file. The optional second - argument names the system to which the file should be sent. - If there is no second argument, the file should be created on - the executing system. - F required-file [ filename-to-use ] - The F command can appear multiple times. Each F command names - a file which must exist before the execution can proceed. - This will usually be a file which is transferred from the - system on which uux was executed, but it can also be a file - from the local system or some other system. If the file is - not from the local system, then the command will usually name - a file in the spool directory. If the optional second - argument appears, then the file should be copied to the - execution directory under that name. This is necessary for - any file other than the standard input file. If the standard - input file is not from the local system, it will appear in - both an F command and an I command. - R requestor-address - This is the address to which mail about the job should be - sent. It is relative to the system named in the U command. - If the R command does not appear, then mail is sent to the - user named in the U command. - Z - This command takes no arguments. It means that a mail message - should be sent if the command failed. This is the default - behaviour for most modern UUCP packages, and for them the Z - command does not actually do anything. - N - This command takes no arguments. It means that no mail - message should be sent, even if the command failed. - n - This command takes no arguments. It means that a mail message - should be sent if the command succeeded. Normally a message - is sent only if the command failed. - B - This command takes no arguments. It means that the standard - input should be returned with any error message. This can be - useful in cases where the input would otherwise be lost. - e - This command takes no arguments. It means that the command - should be processed with /bin/sh. For some packages this is - the default anyhow. Most packages will refuse to execute - complex commands or commands containing wildcards, because of - the security holes this opens. - E - This command takes no arguments. It means that the command - should be processed with the execve system call. For some - packages this is the default anyhow. - M status-file - This command means that instead of mailing a message, the - message should be copied to the named file on the system named - by the U command. - # comment - This command is ignored, as is any other unrecognized command. - -Here is an example. Given the following command executed on system -test1 - uux - test2!cat - test2!~ian/bar !qux '>~/gorp' -(this is only an example, as most UUCP systems will not permit the cat -command to be executed) Taylor UUCP will produce the following X. -file: - U ian test1 - F D.test1N003r qux - O /usr/spool/uucppublic test1 - F D.test1N003s - I D.test1N003s - C cat - ~ian/bar qux -The standard input will be read into a file and then transferred to -the file D.test1N003s on system test2, and the file qux will be -transferred to D.test1N003r on system test2. When the command is -executed, the latter file will be copied to the execution directory -under the name qux. Note that since the file ~ian/bar is already on -the execution system, no action need be taken for it. The standard -output will be collected in a file, then copied to the directory -/usr/spool/uucppublic on the system test1. - ------------------------------- - -From: UUCP-protocol -Subject: What is the UUCP protocol? - -The UUCP protocol is a conversation between two UUCP packages. A UUCP -conversation consists of three parts: an initial handshake, a series -of file transfer requests, and a final handshake. - -Before the initial handshake, the caller will usually have logged in -the called machine and somehow started the UUCP package there. On -Unix this is normally done by setting the shell of the login name used -to /usr/lib/uucp/uucico. - -All messages in the initial handshake begin with a ^P (a byte with the -octal value \020) and end with a null byte (\000). A few systems end -these messages with a line feed character (\012) instead of a null -byte; the examples below assume a null byte is being used. - -Some options below are supported by QFT, which stands for Queued File -Transfer, and is (or was) an internal Bell Labs version of UUCP. - -Taylor UUCP size negotiation was introduced by Taylor UUCP, and is -also supported by DOS based FSUUCP and Amiga based wUUCP and -UUCP-1.17. - -The initial handshake goes as follows. It is begun by the called -machine. - -called: \020Shere=hostname\000 - The hostname is the UUCP name of the called machine. Older UUCP - packages do not output it, and simply send \020Shere\000. - -caller: \020Shostname options\000 - The hostname is the UUCP name of the calling machine. The - following options may appear (or there may be none): - -QSEQ - Report sequence number for this conversation. The - sequence number is stored at both sites, and incremented - after each call. If there is a sequence number mismatch, - something has gone wrong (somebody may have broken - security by pretending to be one of the machines) and the - call is denied. If the sequence number changes on one of - the machines, perhaps because of an attempted breakin or - because a disk backup was restored, the sequence numbers - on the two machines must be reconciled manually. This is - not supported by FSUUCP. - -xLEVEL - Requests the called system to set its debugging level to - the specified value. This is not supported by all - systems. - -pGRADE - -vgrade=GRADE - Requests the called system to only transfer files of the - specified grade or higher. This is not supported by all - systems. Some systems support -p, some support -vgrade=. - -R - Indicates that the calling UUCP understands how to restart - failed file transmissions. Supported only by System V - Release 4 UUCP and QFT. - -ULIMIT - Reports the ulimit value of the calling UUCP. The limit - is specified as a base 16 number in C notation (e.g., - -U0x1000000). This number is the number of 512 byte - blocks in the largest file which the calling UUCP can - create. The called UUCP may not transfer a file larger - than this. Supported only by System V Release 4 UUCP, QFT - and FSUUCP. FSUUCP reports the lesser of the - available disk space on the spool directory drive and the - ulimit variable in FSUUCP.CFG. - -N - Indicates that the calling UUCP understands the Taylor - UUCP size negotiation extension. Not supported by - traditional UUCP packages. - -called: \020ROK\000 - There are actually several possible responses. - ROK - The calling UUCP is acceptable, and the handshake proceeds - to the protocol negotiation. Some options may also - appear; see below. - ROKN - The calling UUCP is acceptable, it specified -N, and the - called UUCP also understands the Taylor UUCP size limiting - extensions. - RLCK - The called UUCP already has a lock for the calling UUCP, - which normally indicates the two machines are already - communicating. - RCB - The called UUCP will call back. This may be used to avoid - impostors (but only one machine out of each pair should - call back, or no conversation will ever begin). - RBADSEQ - The call sequence number is wrong (see the -Q discussion - above). - RLOGIN - The calling UUCP is using the wrong login name. - RYou are unknown to me - The calling UUCP is not known to the called UUCP, and the - called UUCP does not permit connections from unknown - systems. Some versions of UUCP just drop the line rather - than sending this message. - - If the response is ROK, the following options are supported by - System V Release 4 UUCP and QFT. - -R - The called UUCP knows how to restart failed file - transmissions. - -ULIMIT - Reports the ulimit value of the called UUCP. The limit is - specified as a base 16 number in C notation. This number - is the number of 512 byte blocks in the largest file which - the called UUCP can create. The calling UUCP may not send - a file larger than this. Also supported by FSUUCP. - -xLEVEL - I'm not sure just what this means. It may request the - calling UUCP to set its debugging level to the specified - value. - If the response is not ROK (or ROKN) both sides hang up the phone, - abandoning the call. - -called: \020Pprotocols\000 - Note that the called UUCP outputs two strings in a row. The - protocols string is a list of UUCP protocols supported by the - caller. Each UUCP protocol has a single character name. These - protocols are discussed in more detail later in this document. - For example, the called UUCP might send \020Pgf\000. - -caller: \020Uprotocol\000 - The calling UUCP selects which protocol to use out of the - protocols offered by the called UUCP. If there are no mutually - supported protocols, the calling UUCP sends \020UN\000 and both - sides hang up the phone. Otherwise the calling UUCP sends - something like \020Ug\000. - -Most UUCP packages will consider each locally supported protocol in -turn and select the first one supported by the called UUCP. With some -versions of HDB UUCP, this can be modified by giving a list of -protocols after the device name in the Devices file or the Systems -file. For example, to select the 'e' protocol in Systems, - airs Any ACU,e ... -or in Devices, - ACU,e ttyXX ... -Taylor UUCP provides the ``protocol'' command which may be used either -for a system or a port. - -After the protocol has been selected and the initial handshake has been -completed, both sides turn on the selected protocol. For some -protocols (notably 'g') a further handshake is done at this point. - -Each protocol supports a method for sending a command to the remote -system. This method is used to transmit a series of commands between -the two UUCP packages. At all times, one package is the master and -the other is the slave. Initially, the calling UUCP is the master. - -If a protocol error occurs during the exchange of commands, both sides -move immediately to the final handshake. - -The master will send one of four commands: S, R, X or H. - -Any file name referred to below is either an absolute pathname -beginning with "/", a public directory pathname beginning with "~/", a -pathname relative to a user's home directory beginning with "~USER/", -or a spool directory file name. File names in the spool directory are -not pathnames, but instead are converted to pathnames within the spool -directory by UUCP. They always begin with "C." (for a command file -created by uucp or uux), "D." (for a data file created by uucp, uux or -by an execution, or received from another system for an execution), or -"X." (for an execution file created by uux or received from another -system). - -master: S FROM TO USER -OPTIONS TEMP MODE NOTIFY SIZE - The S and the - are literal characters. This is a request by the - master to send a file to the slave. - FROM - The name of the file to send. If the C option does not - appear in OPTIONS, the master will actually open and send - this file. Otherwise the file has been copied to the - spool directory, where it is named TEMP. The slave - ignores this field unless TO is a directory, in which case - the basename of FROM will be used as the file name. If - FROM is a spool directory filename, it must be a data file - created for or by an execution, and must begin with "D.". - TO - The name to give the file on the slave. If this field - names a directory the file is placed within that directory - with the basename of FROM. A name ending in `/' is taken - to be a directory even if one does not already exist with - that name. If TO begins with `X.', an execution file will - be created on the slave. Otherwise, if TO begins with - `D.' it names a data file to be used by some execution - file. Otherwise, TO should not be in the spool directory. - USER - The name of the user who requested the transfer. - OPTIONS - A list of options to control the transfer. The following - options are defined (all options are single characters): - C - The file has been copied to the spool directory - (the master should use TEMP rather than FROM). - c - The file has not been copied to the spool - directory (this is the default). - d - The slave should create directories as necessary - (this is the default). - f - The slave should not create directories if - necessary, but should fail the transfer instead. - m - The master should send mail to USER when the - transfer is complete (not supported by FSUUCP). - n - The slave should send mail to NOTIFY when the - transfer is complete (not supported by FSUUCP). - TEMP - If the C option appears in OPTIONS, this names the file to - be sent. Otherwise if FROM is in the spool directory, - TEMP is the same as FROM. Otherwise TEMP may be a dummy - string, such as "D.0". After the transfer has been - succesfully completed, the master will delete the file - TEMP. - MODE - This is an octal number giving the mode of the file on - MASTER. If the file is not in the spool directory, the - slave will always create it with mode 0666, except that if - (MODE & 0111) is not zero (the file is executable), the - slave will create the file with mode 0777. If the file is - in the spool directory, some UUCP packages will use the - algorithm above and some will always create the file with - mode 0600. This field is not used by FSUUCP, since it is - meaningless on DOS. - NOTIFY - This field may not be present, and in any case is only - meaningful if the n option appears in OPTIONS. If the n - option appears, then when the transfer is successfully - completed, the slave will send mail to NOTIFY, which must - be a legal mailing address on the slave. If a SIZE field - will appear but the n option does not appear, NOTIFY will - always be present, typically as the string "dummy" or - simply a pair of double quotes. - SIZE - This field is only present when doing Taylor UUCP or SVR4 - UUCP size negotiation, It is the size of the file in - bytes. Taylor UUCP version 1.03 sends the size as a - decimal integer, while versions 1.04 and up, and all other - UUCP packages that support size negotiation, send the size - in base 16 with a leading 0x. - - The slave then responds with an S command response. - SY START - The slave is willing to accept the file, and file transfer - begins. The START field will only be present when using - file restart. It specifies the byte offset into the file - at which to start sending. If this is a new file, START - will be 0x0. - SN2 - The slave denies permission to transfer the file. This - can mean that the destination directory may not be - accessed, or that no requests are permitted. It implies - that the file transfer will never succeed. - SN4 - The slave is unable to create the necessary temporary - file. This implies that the file transfer might succeed - later. - SN6 - This is only used by Taylor UUCP size negotiation. It - means that the slave considers the file too large to - transfer at the moment, but it may be possible to transfer - it at some other time. - SN7 - This is only used by Taylor UUCP size negotiation. It - means that the slave considers the file too large to ever - transfer. - SN8 - This is only used by Taylor UUCP. It means that the file - was already received in a previous conversation. This can - happen if the receive acknowledgement was lost after it - was sent by the receiver but before it was received by the - sender. - SN9 - This is only used by Taylor UUCP (versions 1.05 and up) - and FSUUCP (versions 1.5 and up). It means that the - remote system was unable to open another channel (see the - discussion of the 'i' protocol for more information about - channels). This implies that the file transfer might - succeed later. - SN10 - This is reportedly used by SVR4 UUCP to mean that the file - size is too large. - - If the slave responds with SY, a file transfer begins. When the - file transfer is complete, the slave sends a C command response. - CY - The file transfer was successful. - CYM - The file transfer was successful, and the slave wishes to - become the master; the master should send an H command, - described below. - CN5 - The temporary file could not be moved into the final - location. This implies that the file transfer will never - succeed. - - After the C command response has been received (in the SY case) or - immediately (in an SN case) the master will send another command. - -master: R FROM TO USER -OPTIONS SIZE - The R and the - are literal characters. This is a request by the - master to receive a file from the slave. I do not know how SVR4 - UUCP or QFT implement file transfer restart in this case. - FROM - This is the name of the file on the slave which the master - wishes to receive. It must not be in the spool directory, - and it may not contain any wildcards. - TO - This is the name of the file to create on the master. I - do not believe that it can be a directory. It may only be - in the spool directory if this file is being requested to - support an execution either on the master or on some - system other than the slave. - USER - The name of the user who requested the transfer. - OPTIONS - A list of options to control the transfer. The following - options are defined (all options are single characters): - d - The master should create directories as necessary - (this is the default). - f - The master should not create directories if - necessary, but should fail the transfer instead. - m - The master should send mail to USER when the - transfer is complete. - SIZE - This only appears if Taylor UUCP size negotiation is being - used. It specifies the largest file which the master is - prepared to accept (when using SVR4 UUCP or QFT, this was - specified in the -U option during the initial handshake). - - The slave then responds with an R command response. FSUUCP does - not support R requests, and always responds with RN2. - RY MODE [ SIZE ] - The slave is willing to send the file, and file transfer - begins. MODE is the octal mode of the file on the slave. - The master treats this just as the slave does the MODE - argument in the send command, q.v. I am told that SVR4 - UUCP sends a trailing SIZE argument. For some versions of - BSD UUCP, the MODE argument may have a trailing M - character (e.g., RY 0666M). This means that the slave - wishes to become the master. - RN2 - The slave is not willing to send the file, either because - it is not permitted or because the file does not exist. - This implies that the file request will never succeed. - RN6 - This is only used by Taylor UUCP size negotiation. It - means that the file is too large to send, either because - of the size limit specifies by the master or because the - slave considers it too large. The file transfer might - succeed later, or it might not (this will be cleared up in - a later release of Taylor UUCP). - RN9 - This is only used by Taylor UUCP (versions 1.05 and up) - and FSUUCP (versions 1.5 and up). It means that the - remote system was unable to open another channel (see the - discussion of the 'i' protocol for more information about - channels). This implies that the file transfer might - succeed later. - - If the slave responds with RY, a file transfer begins. When the - file transfer is complete, the master sends a C command. The - slave pretty much ignores this, although it may log it. - CY - The file transfer was successful. - CN5 - The temporary file could not be moved into the final - location. - - After the C command response has been sent (in the RY case) or - immediately (in an RN case) the master will send another command. - -master: X FROM TO USER -OPTIONS - The X and the - are literal characters. This is a request by the - master to, in essence, execute uucp on the slave. The slave - should execute "uucp FROM TO". - FROM - This is the name of the file or files on the slave which - the master wishes to transfer. Any wildcards are expanded - on the slave. If the master is requesting that the files - be transferred to itself, the request would normally - contain wildcard characters, since otherwise an `R' - command would suffice. The master can also use this - command to request that the slave transfer files to a - third system. - TO - This is the name of the file or directory to which the - files should be transferred. This will normally use a - UUCP name. For example, if the master wishes to receive - the files itself, it would use "master!path". - USER - The name of the user who requested the transfer. - OPTIONS - A list of options to control the transfer. It is not - clear which, if any, options are supported by most UUCP - packages. - - The slave then responds with an X command response. FSUUCP does - not support X requests, and always responds with XN. - XY - The request was accepted, and the appropriate file - transfer commands have been queued up for later - processing. - XN - The request was denied. No particular reason is given. - - In either case, the master will then send another command. - -master: H - This is used by the master to hang up the connection. The slave - will respond with an H command response. - HY - The slave agrees to hang up the connection. In this case - the master sends another HY command. In some UUCP - packages the slave will then send a third HY command. At - this point the protocol is shut down, and the final - handshake is begun. - HN - The slave does not agree to hang up. In this case the - master and the slave exchange roles. The next command - will be sent by the former slave, which is the new master. - The roles may be reversed several times during a single - connection. - -After the protocol has been shut down, the final handshake is -performed. This handshake has no real purpose, and some UUCP packages -simply drop the connection rather than do it (in fact, some will drop -the connection immediately after both sides agree to hangup, without -even closing down the protocol). - -caller: \020OOOOOO\000 -called: \020OOOOOOO\000 - -That is, the calling UUCP sends six O's and the called UUCP replies -with seven O's. Some UUCP packages always send six O's. - ------------------------------- - -From: UUCP-g -Subject: What is the 'g' protocol? - -The 'g' protocol is a packet based flow controlled error correcting -protocol that requires an eight bit clear connection. It is the -original UUCP protocol, and is supported by all UUCP implementations. -Many implementations of it are only able to support small window and -packet sizes, specifically a window size of 3 and a packet size of 64 -bytes, but the protocol itself can support up to a window size of 7 -and a packet size of 4096 bytes. Complaints about the inefficiency of -the 'g' protocol generally refer to specific implementations, rather -than to the correctly implemented protocol. - -The 'g' protocol was originally designed for general packet drivers, -and thus contains some features that are not used by UUCP, including -an alternate data channel and the ability to renegotiate packet and -window sizes during the communication session. - -The 'g' protocol is spoofed by many Telebit modems. When spoofing is -in effect, each Telebit modem uses the 'g' protocol to communicate -with the attached computer, but the data between the modems is sent -using a Telebit proprietary error correcting protocol. This allows -for very high throughput over the Telebit connection, which, because -it is half-duplex, would not normally be able to handle the 'g' -protocol very well at all. When a Telebit is spoofing the 'g' -protocol, it forces the packet size to be 64 bytes and the window size -to be 3. - -This discussion of the 'g' protocol explains how it works, but does -not discuss useful error handling techniques. Some discussion of this -can be found in Jamie E. Hanrahan's paper, cited above. - -All 'g' protocol communication is done with packets. Each packet -begins with a six byte header. Control packets consist only of the -header. Data packets contain additional data. - -The header is as follows: - - \020 - Every packet begins with a ^P. - k (1 <= k <= 9) - The k value is always 9 for a control packet. For a data - packet, the k value indicates how much data follows the six - byte header. The amount of data is 2 ** (k + 4), where ** - indicates exponentiation. Thus a k value of 1 means 32 data - bytes and a k value of 8 means 4096 data bytes. The k value - for a data packet must be between 1 and 8 inclusive. - checksum low byte - checksum high byte - The checksum value is described below. - control byte - The control byte indicates the type of packet, and is - described below. - xor byte - This byte is the xor of k, the checksum low byte, the checksum - high byte and the control byte (i.e., the second, third, - fourth and fifth header bytes). It is used to ensure that the - header data is valid. - -The control byte in the header is composed of three bit fields, -referred to here as TT (two bits), XXX (three bits) and YYY (three -bits). The control is TTXXXYYY, or (TT << 6) + (XXX << 3) + YYY. - -The TT field takes on the following values: - 0 - This is a control packet. In this case the k byte in the - header must be 9. The XXX field indicates the type of control - packet; these types are described below. - 1 - This is an alternate data channel packet. This is not used by - UUCP. - 2 - This is a data packet, and the entire contents of the attached - data field (whose length is given by the k byte in the header) - are valid. The XXX and YYY fields are described below. - 3 - This is a short data packet. Let the length of the data field - (as given by the k byte in the header) be L. Let the first - byte in the data field be B1. If B1 is less than 128 (if the - most significant bit of B1 is 0), then there are L - B1 valid - bytes of data in the data field, beginning with the second - byte. If B1 >= 128, let B2 be the second byte in the data - field. Then there are L - ((B1 & 0x7f) + (B2 << 7)) valid - bytes of data in the data field, beginning with the third - byte. In all cases L bytes of data are sent (and all data - bytes participate in the checksum calculation) but some of the - trailing bytes may be dropped by the receiver. The XXX and - YYY fields are described below. - -In a data packet (short or not) the XXX field gives the sequence -number of the packet. Thus sequence numbers can range from 0 to 7, -inclusive. The YYY field gives the sequence number of the last -correctly received packet. - -Each communication direction uses a window which indicates how many -unacknowledged packets may be transmitted before waiting for an -acknowledgement. The window may range from 1 to 7, and may be -different in each direction. For example, if the window is 3 and the -last packet acknowledged was packet number 6, packet numbers 7, 0 and -1 may be sent but the sender must wait for an acknowledgement before -sending packet number 2. This acknowledgement could come as the YYY -field of a data packet or as the YYY field of a RJ or RR control -packet (described below). - -Each packet must be transmitted in order (the sender may not skip -sequence numbers). Each packet must be acknowledged, and each packet -must be acknowledged in order. - -In a control packet, the XXX field takes on the following values: - 1 CLOSE - The connection should be closed immediately. This is - typically sent when one side has seen too many errors and - wants to give up. It is also sent when shutting down the - protocol. If an unexpected CLOSE packet is received, a CLOSE - packet should be sent in reply and the 'g' protocol should - halt, causing UUCP to enter the final handshake. - 2 RJ or NAK - The last packet was not received correctly. The YYY field - contains the sequence number of the last correctly received - packet. - 3 SRJ - Selective reject. The YYY field contains the sequence number - of a packet that was not received correctly, and should be - retransmitted. This is not used by UUCP, and most - implementations will not recognize it. - 4 RR or ACK - Packet acknowledgement. The YYY field contains the sequence - number of the last correctly received packet. - 5 INITC - Third initialization packet. The YYY field contains the - maximum window size to use. - 6 INITB - Second initialization packet. The YYY field contains the - packet size to use. It requests a size of 2 ** (YYY + 5). - Note that this is not the same coding used for the k byte in - the packet header (it is 1 less). Most UUCP implementations - that request a packet size larger than 64 bytes can handle any - packet size up to that specified. - 7 INITA - First initialization packet. The YYY field contains the - maximum window size to use. - -The checksum of a control packet is simply 0xaaaa - the control byte. - -The checksum of a data packet is 0xaaaa - (CHECK ^ the control byte), -where ^ denotes exclusive or, and CHECK is the result of the following -routine as run on the contents of the data field (every byte in the -data field participates in the checksum, even for a short data -packet). Below is the routine used by Taylor UUCP; it is a slightly -modified version of a routine which John Gilmore patched from G.L. -Chesson's original paper. The z argument points to the data and the c -argument indicates how much data there is. - -int -igchecksum (z, c) - register const char *z; - register int c; -{ - register unsigned int ichk1, ichk2; - - ichk1 = 0xffff; - ichk2 = 0; - - do - { - register unsigned int b; - - /* Rotate ichk1 left. */ - if ((ichk1 & 0x8000) == 0) - ichk1 <<= 1; - else - { - ichk1 <<= 1; - ++ichk1; - } - - /* Add the next character to ichk1. */ - b = *z++ & 0xff; - ichk1 += b; - - /* Add ichk1 xor the character position in the buffer counting from - the back to ichk2. */ - ichk2 += ichk1 ^ c; - - /* If the character was zero, or adding it to ichk1 caused an - overflow, xor ichk2 to ichk1. */ - if (b == 0 || (ichk1 & 0xffff) < b) - ichk1 ^= ichk2; - } - while (--c > 0); - - return ichk1 & 0xffff; -} - -When the 'g' protocol is started, the calling UUCP sends an INITA -control packet with the window size it wishes the called UUCP to use. -The called UUCP responds with an INITA packet with the window size it -wishes the calling UUCP to use. Pairs of INITB and INITC packets are -then similarly exchanged. When these exchanges are completed, the -protocol is considered to have been started. - -Note that the window and packet sizes are not a negotiation. Each -system announces the window and packet size which the other system -should use. It is possible that different window and packet sizes -will be used in each direction. The protocol works this way on the -theory that each system knows how much data it can accept without -getting overrun. Therefore, each system tells the other how much data -to send before waiting for an acknowledgement. - -When a UUCP package transmits a command, it sends one or more data -packets. All the data packets will normally be complete, although -some UUCP packages may send the last one as a short packet. The -command string is sent with a trailing null byte, to let the receiving -package know when the command is finished. Some UUCP packages require -the last byte of the last packet sent to be null, even if the command -ends earlier in the packet. Some packages may require all the -trailing bytes in the last packet to be null, but I have not confirmed -this. - -When a UUCP package sends a file, it will send a sequence of data -packets. The end of the file is signalled by a short data packet -containing zero valid bytes (it will normally be preceeded by a short -data packet containing the last few bytes in the file). - -Note that the sequence numbers cover the entire communication session, -including both command and file data. - -When the protocol is shut down, each UUCP package sends a CLOSE -control packet. - ------------------------------- - -From: UUCP-f -Subject: What is the 'f' protocol? - -The 'f' protocol is a seven bit protocol which checksums an entire -file at a time. It only uses the characters between \040 and \176 -(ASCII space and ~) inclusive as well as the carriage return -character. It can be very efficient for transferring text only data, -but it is very inefficient at transferring eight bit data (such as -compressed news). It is not flow controlled, and the checksum is -fairly insecure over large files, so using it over a serial connection -requires handshaking (XON/XOFF can be used) and error correcting -modems. Some people think it should not be used even under those -circumstances. - -I believe the 'f' protocol originated in BSD versions of UUCP. It was -originally intended for transmission over X.25 PAD links. - -The 'f' protocol has no startup or finish protocol. However, both -sides typically sleep for a couple of seconds before starting up, -because they switch the terminal into XON/XOFF mode and want to allow -the changes to settle before beginning transmission. - -When a UUCP package transmits a command, it simply sends a string -terminated by a carriage return. - -When a UUCP package transmits a file, each byte b of the file is -translated according to the following table: - - 0 <= b <= 037: 0172, b + 0100 (0100 to 0137) - 040 <= b <= 0171: b ( 040 to 0171) - 0172 <= b <= 0177: 0173, b - 0100 ( 072 to 077) - 0200 <= b <= 0237: 0174, b - 0100 (0100 to 0137) - 0240 <= b <= 0371: 0175, b - 0200 ( 040 to 0171) - 0372 <= b <= 0377: 0176, b - 0300 ( 072 to 077) - -That is, a byte between \040 and \171 inclusive is transmitted as is, -and all other bytes are prefixed and modified as shown. - -When all the file data is sent, a seven byte sequence is sent: two -bytes of \176 followed by four ASCII bytes of the checksum as printed -in base 16 followed by a carriage return. For example, if the -checksum was 0x1234, this would be sent: "\176\1761234\r". - -The checksum is initialized to 0xffff. For each byte that is sent it -is modified as follows (where b is the byte before it has been -transformed as described above): - - /* Rotate the checksum left. */ - if ((ichk & 0x8000) == 0) - ichk <<= 1; - else - { - ichk <<= 1; - ++ichk; - } - - /* Add the next byte into the checksum. */ - ichk += b; - -When the receiving UUCP sees the checksum, it compares it against its -own calculated checksum and replies with a single character followed -by a carriage return. - G - The file was received correctly. - R - The checksum did not match, and the file should be resent from - the beginning. - Q - The checksum did not match, but too many retries have occurred - and the communication session should be abandoned. - -The sending UUCP checks the returned character and acts accordingly. - ------------------------------- - -From: UUCP-t -Subject: What is the 't' protocol? - -The 't' protocol is intended for use on links which provide reliable -end-to-end connections, such as TCP. It does no error checking or -flow control, and requires an eight bit clear channel. - -I believe the 't' protocol originated in BSD versions of UUCP. - -When a UUCP package transmits a command, it first gets the length of -the command string, C. It then sends ((C / 512) + 1) * 512 bytes (the -smallest multiple of 512 which can hold C bytes plus a null byte) -consisting of the command string itself followed by trailing null -bytes. - -When a UUCP package sends a file, it sends it in blocks. Each block -contains at most 1024 bytes of data. Each block consists of four -bytes containing the amount of data in binary (most significant byte -first, the same format as used by the Unix function htonl) followed by -that amount of data. The end of the file is signalled by a block -containing zero bytes of data. - ------------------------------- - -From: UUCP-e -Subject: What is the 'e' protocol? - -The 'e' protocol is similar to the 't' protocol. It does no flow -control or error checking and is intended for use over networks -providing reliable end-to-end connections, such as TCP. - -The 'e' protocol originated in versions of HDB UUCP. - -When a UUCP package transmits a command, it simply sends the command -as an ASCII string terminated by a null byte. - -When a UUCP package transmits a file, it sends the complete size of -the file as an ASCII decimal number. The ASCII string is padded out -to 20 bytes with null bytes (i.e. if the file is 1000 bytes long, it -sends "1000\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0"). It then sends the -entire file. - ------------------------------- - -From: UUCP-G -Subject: What is the 'G' protocol? - -The 'G' protocol is used by SVR4 UUCP. It is identical to the 'g' -protocol, except that it is possible to modify the window and packet -sizes. The SVR4 implementation of the 'g' protocol reportedly is -fixed at a packet size of 64 and a window size of 7. Supposedly SVR4 -chose to implement a new protocol using a new letter to avoid any -potential incompatibilities when using different packet or window -sizes. - -Most implementations of the 'g' protocol that accept packets larger -than 64 bytes will also accept packets smaller than whatever they -requested in the INITB packet. The SVR4 'G' implementation is an -exception; it will only accept packets of precisely the size it -requests in the INITB packet. - ------------------------------- - -From: UUCP-i -Subject: What is the 'i' protocol? - -The 'i' protocol was written by Ian Lance Taylor (who also wrote this -FAQ). It is used by Taylor UUCP version 1.04. - -It is a sliding window packet protocol, like the 'g' protocol, but it -supports bidirectional transfers (i.e., file transfers in both -directions simultaneously). It requires an eight bit clear -connection. Several ideas for the protocol were taken from the paper -``A High-Throughput Message Transport System'' by P. Lauder. I don't -know where the paper was published, but the author's e-mail address is -piers@cs.su.oz.au. The 'i' protocol does not adopt his main idea, -which is to dispense with windows entirely. This is because some -links still do require flow control and, more importantly, because -using windows sets a limit to the amount of data which the protocol -must be able to resend upon request. To reduce the costs of window -acknowledgements, the protocol uses a large window and only requires -an ack at the halfway point. - -Each packet starts with a six byte header, optionally followed by data -bytes with a four byte checksum. There are currently five defined -packet types (DATA, SYNC, ACK, NAK, SPOS, CLOSE) which are described -below. Although any packet type may include data, any data provided -with an ACK, NAK or CLOSE packet is ignored. - -Every DATA, SPOS and CLOSE packet has a sequence number. The sequence -numbers are independent for each side. The first packet sent by each -side is always number 1. Each packet is numbered one greater than the -previous packet, modulo 32. - -Every packet has a local channel number and a remote channel number. -For all packets at least one channel number is zero. When a UUCP -command is sent to the remote system, it is assigned a non-zero local -channel number. All packets associated with that UUCP command sent by -the local system are given the selected local channel number. All -associated packets sent by the remote system are given the selected -number as the remote channel number. This permits each UUCP command -to be uniquely identified by the channel number on the originating -system, and therefore each UUCP package can associate all file data -and UUCP command responses with the appropriate command. This is a -requirement for bidirectional UUCP transfers. - -The protocol maintains a single global file position, which starts at -0. For each incoming packet, any associated data is considered to -occur at the current file position, and the file position is -incremented by the amount of data contained. The exception is a -packet of type SPOS, which is used to change the file position. -The reason for keeping track of the file position is described below. - -The header is as follows: - - \007 - Every packet begins with ^G. - (PACKET << 3) + LOCCHAN - The five bit packet number combined with the three bit local - channel number. DATA, SPOS and CLOSE packets use the packet - sequence number for the PACKET field. NAK packet types use - the PACKET field for the sequence number to be resent. ACK - and SYNC do not use the PACKET field, and generally leave it - set to 0. Packets which are not associated with a UUCP - command from the local system use a local channel number of 0. - (ACK << 3) + REMCHAN - The five bit packet acknowledgement combined with the three - bit remote channel number. The packet acknowledgement is the - number of the last packet successfully received; it is used by - all packet types. Packets which are not sent in response to a - UUCP command from the remote system use a remote channel - number of 0. - (TYPE << 5) + (CALLER << 4) + LEN1 - The three bit packet type combined with the one bit packet - direction combined with the upper four bits of the data - length. The packet direction bit is always 1 for packets sent - by the calling UUCP, and 0 for packets sent by the called - UUCP. This prevents confusion caused by echoed packets. - LEN2 - The lower eight bits of the data length. The twelve bits of - data length permit packets ranging in size from 0 to 4095 - bytes. - CHECK - The exclusive or of the second through fifth bytes of the - header. This provides an additional check that the header is - valid. - -If the data length is non-zero, the packet is immediately followed by -the specified number of data bytes. The data bytes are followed by a -four byte CRC 32 checksum, with the most significant byte first. The -CRC is calculated over the contents of the data field. - -The defined packet types are as follows: - - 0 (DATA) - This is a plain data packet. - 1 (SYNC) - SYNC packets are exchanged when the protocol is initialized, - and are described further below. SYNC packets do not carry - sequence numbers (that is, the PACKET field is ignored). - 2 (ACK) - This is an acknowledgement packet. Since DATA packets also - carry packet acknowledgements, ACK packets are only used when - one side has no data to send. ACK packets do not carry - sequence numbers. - 3 (NAK) - This is a negative acknowledgement. This is sent when a - packet is received incorrectly, and means that the packet - number appearing in the PACKET field must be resent. NAK - packets do not carry sequence numbers (the PACKET field is - already used). - 4 (SPOS) - This packet changes the file position. The packet contains - four bytes of data holding the file position, most significant - byte first. The next packet received will be considered to be - at the named file position. - 5 (CLOSE) - When the protocol is shut down, each side sends a CLOSE - packet. This packet does have a sequence number, which could - be used to ensure that all packets were correctly received - (this is not needed by UUCP, however, which uses the higher - level H command with an HY response). - -When the protocol starts up, both systems send a SYNC packet. The -SYNC packet includes at least three bytes of data. The first two -bytes are the maximum packet size the remote system should send, most -significant byte first. The third byte is the window size the remote -system should use. The remote system may send packets of any size up -to the maximum. If there is a fourth byte, it is the number of -channels the remote system may use (this must be between 1 and 7, -inclusive). Additional data bytes may be defined in the future. - -The window size is the number of packets that may be sent before a -packet is acknowledged. There is no requirement that every packet be -acknowledged; any acknowledgement is considered to acknowledge all -packets through the number given. In the current implementation, if -one side has no data to send, it sends an ACK when half the window is -received. - -Note that the NAK packet corresponds to the unused 'g' protocol SRJ -packet type, rather than to the RJ packet type. When a NAK is -received, only the named packet should be resent, not any subsequent -packets. - -Note that if both sides have data to send, but a packet is lost, it is -perfectly reasonable for one side to continue sending packets, all of -which will acknowledge the last packet correctly received, while the -system whose packet was lost will be unable to send a new packet -because the send window will be full. In this circumstance, neither -side will time out and one side of the communication will be -effectively shut down for a while. Therefore, any system with -outstanding unacknowledged packets should arrange to time out and -resend a packet even if data is being received. - -Commands are sent as a sequence of data packets with a non-zero local -channel number. The last data packet for a command includes a -trailing null byte (normally a command will fit in a single data -packet). Files are sent as a sequence of data packets ending with one -of length zero. - -The channel numbers permit a more efficient implementation of the UUCP -file send command. Rather than send the command and then wait for the -SY response before sending the file, the file data is sent beginning -immediately after the S command is sent. If an SN response is -received, the file send is aborted, and a final data packet of length -zero is sent to indicate that the channel number may be reused. If an -SY reponse with a file position indicator is received, the file send -adjusts to the file position; this is why the protocol maintains a -global file position. - -Note that the use of channel numbers means that each UUCP system may -send commands and file data simultaneously. Moreover, each UUCP -system may send multiple files at the same time, using the channel -number to disambiguate the data. Sending a file before receiving an -acknowledgement for the previous file helps to eliminate the round -trip delays inherent in other UUCP protocols. - ------------------------------- - -From: UUCP-j -Subject: What is the 'j' protocol? - -The 'j' protocol is a variant of the 'i' protocol. It was also -written by Ian Lance Taylor, and first appeared in Taylor UUCP version -1.04. - -The 'j' protocol is a version of the 'i' protocol designed for -communication links which intercept a few characters, such as XON or -XOFF. It is not efficient to use it on a link which intercepts many -characters, such as a seven bit link. The 'j' protocol performs no -error correction or detection; that is presumed to be the -responsibility of the 'i' protocol. - -When the 'j' protocol starts up, each system sends a printable ASCII -string indicating which characters it wants to avoid using. The -string begins with the ASCII character '^' (octal 136) and ends with -the ASCII character '~' (octal 176). After sending this string, each -system looks for the corresponding string from the remote system. The -strings are composed of escape sequences: \ooo, where o is an octal -digit. For example, sending the string ^\021\023~ means that the -ASCII XON and XOFF characters should be avoided. The union of the -characters described in both strings (the string which is sent and the -string which is received) is the set of characters which must be -avoided in this conversation. Avoiding a printable ASCII character -(octal 040 to octal 176, inclusive) is not permitted. - -After the exchange of characters to avoid, the normal 'i' protocol -start up is done, and the rest of the conversation uses the normal 'i' -protocol. However, each 'i' protocol packet is wrapped to become a -'j' protocol packet. - -Each 'j' protocol packet consists of a seven byte header, followed by -data bytes, followed by index bytes, followed by a one byte trailer. -The packet header looks like this: - - ^ - Every packet begins with the ASCII character '^', octal 136. - HIGH - LOW - These two characters give the total number of bytes in the - packet. Both HIGH and LOW are printable ASCII characters. - The length of the packet is (HIGH - 040) * 0100 + (LOW - 040), - where 040 <= HIGH < 0177 and 040 <= LOW < 0140. This permits - a length of 6079 bytes, but there is a further restriction on - packet size described below. - = - The ASCII character '=', octal 075. - DATA-HIGH - DATA-LOW - These two characters give the total number of data bytes in - the packet. The encoding is as described for HIGH and LOW. - The number of data bytes is the size of the 'i' protocol - packet wrapped inside this 'j' protocol packet. - @ - The ASCII character '@', octal 100. - -The header is followed by the number of data bytes given in DATA-HIGH -and DATA-LOW. These data bytes are the 'i' protocol packet which is -being wrapped in the 'j' protocol packet. However, each character in -the 'i' protocol packet which the 'j' protocol must avoid is -transformed into a printable ASCII character (recall that avoiding a -printable ASCII character is not permitted). Two index bytes are used -for each character which must be transformed. - -The index bytes immediately follow the data bytes. The index bytes -are created in pairs. Each pair of index bytes encodes the location -of a character in the 'i' protocol packet which was transformed to -become a printable ASCII character. Each pair of index bytes also -encodes the precise transformation which was performed. - -When the sender finds a character which must be avoided, it will -transform it using one or two operations. If the character is 0200 or -greater, it will subtract 0200. If the resulting character is less -than 020, or is equal to 0177, it will xor by 020. The result is -a printable ASCII character. - -The zero based byte index of the character within the 'i' protocol -packet is determined. This index is turned into a two byte printable -ASCII index, INDEX-HIGH and INDEX-LOW, such that the index is -(INDEX-HIGH - 040) * 040 + (INDEX-LOW - 040). INDEX-LOW is restricted -such that 040 <= INDEX-LOW < 0100. INDEX-HIGH is not permitted to be -0176, so 040 <= INDEX-HIGH < 0176. INDEX-LOW is then modified to -encode the transformation: - - If the character transformation only had to subtract 0200, then - INDEX-LOW is used as is. - - If the character transformation only had to xor by 020, then 040 - is added to INDEX-LOW. - - If both operations had to be performed, then 0100 is added to - INDEX-LOW. However, if the value of INDEX-LOW were initially 077, - then adding 0100 would result in 0177, which is not a printable - ASCII character. For that special case, INDEX-HIGH is set to - 0176, and INDEX-LOW is set to the original value of INDEX-HIGH. - -The receiver decodes the index bytes as follows (this is the reverse -of the operations performed by the sender, presented here for -additional clarity): - - The first byte in the index is INDEX-HIGH, and the second is - INDEX-LOW. - - If 040 <= INDEX-HIGH < 0176, the index refers to the data byte at - position (INDEX-HIGH - 040) * 040 + INDEX-LOW % 040. - - If 040 <= INDEX-LOW < 0100, then 0200 must be added to indexed - byte. - - If 0100 <= INDEX-LOW < 0140, then 020 must be xor'ed to the - indexed byte. - - If 0140 <= INDEX-LOW < 0177, then 0200 must be added to the - indexed byte, and 020 must be xor'ed to the indexed byte. - - If INDEX-HIGH == 0176, the index refers to the data byte at - position (INDEX-LOW - 040) * 040 + 037. 0200 must be added to the - indexed byte, and 020 must be xor'ed to the indexed byte. - -This means the largest 'i' protocol packet which may be wrapped inside -a 'j' protocol packet is (0175 - 040) * 040 + (077 - 040) == 3007 -bytes. - -The final character in a 'j' protocol packet, following the index -bytes, is the ASCII character '~' (octal 176). - -The motivation behind using an indexing scheme, rather than escape -characters, is to avoid data movement. The sender may simply add a -header and a trailer to the 'i' protocol packet. Once the receiver -has loaded the 'j' protocol packet, it may scan the index bytes, -transforming the data bytes, and then pass the data bytes directly on -to the 'i' protocol routine. - ------------------------------- - -From: UUCP-x -Subject: What is the 'x' protocol? - -The 'x' protocol is used in Europe (and probably elsewhere) with -machines that contain an builtin X.25 card and can send eight bit data -transparently across X.25 circuits, without interference from the X.28 -or X.29 layers. The protocol sends packets of 512 bytes, and relies -on a write of zero bytes being read as zero bytes without stopping -communication. It first appeared in the original System V UUCP -implementation. - ------------------------------- - -From: UUCP-y -Subject: What is the 'y' protocol? - -The 'y' protocol was developed by Jorge Cwik for use in FX UUCICO, a -PC uucico program. It is designed for communication lines which -handle error correction and flow control. It is a streaming protocol, -like the 'f' protocol. It requires an eight bit clean connection. It -performs error detection, but not error correction; when an error is -detected, the line is dropped. I do not know the implementation -details. - ------------------------------- - -From: UUCP-d -Subject: What is the 'd' protocol? - -This is apparently used for DataKit muxhost (not RS-232) connections. -No file size is sent. When a file has been completely transferred, a -write of zero bytes is done; this must be read as zero bytes on the -other end. - ------------------------------- - -From: UUCP-h -Subject: What is the 'h' protocol? - -This is apparently used in some places with HST modems. It does no -error checking, and is not that different from the 't' protocol. I -don't know the details. - ------------------------------- - -From: UUCP-v -Subject: What is the 'v' protocol? - -The 'v' protocol is used by UUPC/extended, a PC UUCP program. It is -simply a version of the 'g' protocol which supports packets of any -size, and also supports sending packets of different sizes during the -same conversation. There are many 'g' protocol implementations which -support both, but there are also many which do not. Using 'v' ensures -that everything is supported. - ------------------------------- - -From: Thanks -Subject: Thanks - -Besides the papers and information acknowledged at the top of this -article, the following people have contributed help, advice, -suggestions and information: - Earle Ake 513-429-6500 <ake@Dayton.SAIC.COM> - cambler@nike.calpoly.edu (Christopher J. Ambler) - jhc@iscp.bellcore.com (Jonathan Clark) - jorge@laser.satlink.net (Jorge Cwik) - celit!billd@UCSD.EDU (Bill Davidson) - "Drew Derbyshire" <ahd@kew.com> - erik@pdnfido.fidonet.org - Matthew Farwell <dylan@ibmpcug.co.uk> - dgilbert@gamiga.guelphnet.dweomer.org (David Gilbert) - kherron@ms.uky.edu (Kenneth Herron) - Mike Ipatow <mip@fido.itc.e-burg.su> - Romain Kang <romain@pyramid.com> - "Jonathan I. Kamens" <jik@GZA.COM> - "David J. MacKenzie" <djm@eng.umd.edu> - jum@helios.de (Jens-Uwe Mager) - peter@xpoint.ruessel.sub.org (Peter Mandrella) - david nugent <david@csource.oz.au> - Stephen.Page@prg.oxford.ac.uk - joey@tessi.UUCP (Joey Pruett) - James Revell <revell@uunet.uu.net> - Larry Rosenman <ler@lerami.lerctr.org> - Rich Salz <rsalz@bbn.com> - evesg@etlrips.etl.go.jp (Gjoen Stein) - kls@ditka.Chicago.COM (Karl Swartz) - Dima Volodin <dvv@hq.demos.su> - jon@console.ais.org (Jon Zeeff) - Eric Ziegast <ziegast@uunet.uu.net> - ------------------------------- - -End of UUCP Internals Frequently Asked Questions -****************************** --- -Ian Taylor | ian@airs.com | First to identify quote wins free e-mail message: -``You don't have to sleep. That's just something *they* tell you to keep - *control* over you. Nobody has to sleep; you're *taught* to sleep when - you're a kid. If you're really determined, you can get over it.'' diff --git a/share/FAQ/ctm.FAQ b/share/FAQ/ctm.FAQ deleted file mode 100644 index 60f7010..0000000 --- a/share/FAQ/ctm.FAQ +++ /dev/null @@ -1,191 +0,0 @@ -# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -# "THE BEER-WARE LICENSE" (Revision 42): -# <phk@login.dknet.dk> wrote this file. As long as you retain this notice you -# can do whatever you want with this stuff. If we meet some day, and you think -# this stuff is worth it, you can buy me a beer in return. Poul-Henning Kamp -# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -# -# $Id: ctm.FAQ,v 1.5 1995/03/05 23:13:08 roberto Exp $ -# - - Obtaining FreeBSD-current sources using CTM. - ============================================ - -CTM is a method for keeping a remote directory tree in sync with a -central one. It has been developed for usage with FreeBSD's source -trees, though other people may find it useful for other purposes as -time goes by. Little, if any, documentation currently exists at this -time on the process of creating deltas so talk to phk@FreeBSD.org for -more information should you wish to use CTM for other things. - - -Why should I use CTM ? ----------------------- -CTM will give you a local copy of the "FreeBSD-current" sources. If -you are an active developer on FreeBSD, but have lousy or non-existent -TCP/IP connectivity, CTM was made for you. You will need to transfer -up to four deltas per day (or you can have them arrive in email -automatically), the sizes for which are always kept as small as -possible. This is typically less than 5K, with the occasional (one in -ten) being 10-50K and every now and then a biggie of 100K+ or more -coming around. - -You will also need to make yourself aware of the various caveats in -running "current" sources, and for this it is recommended that you -refer to the relevant FAQ: /usr/share/FAQ/current-policy.FAQ - - -What do I need to use CTM? --------------------------- - -You will need two things: The "ctm" program and the initial deltas to -feed it (to get up to "current" levels). - -The ctm program is in the FreeBSD-current tree from version 2.0.0 and -forward (/usr/src/usr.sbin/ctm). If you are running an older version -of FreeBSD, you can fetch the current ctm sources directly from: - - ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/FreeBSD-current/src/usr.sbin/ctm/ - -The "deltas" you feed ctm can be had two ways, ftp or email. If you -have general ftp access to the Internet, then the following ftp sites -support access to CTM: - - ftp://freefall.cdrom.com/pub/CTM - -Ftp the the relevant directory and fetch the README file, starting -from there. - -If you only have access to electronic mail or are otherwise blocked -from using ftp, then you may wish to receive your deltas via email: - -Send email to majordomo@freebsd.org to subscribe to the list -"ctm-src-cur" (if you do not know how to subscribe yourself using -majordomo, send a message first containing the word `help' - it will -send you back usage instructions). - -When you begin receiving your CTM updates in the mail, you may use the -ctm_rmail program to unpack and apply them with. You can actually use -the ctm_rmail program directly from a entry in /etc/aliases if you -want. Check the "ctm_rmail" man page for more details. - -NOTE: ------ - -No matter what method you use to get the CTM deltas, you should subscribe -to the ctm-announce@freebsd.org mailing list. In the future this will be -the only place where announcements about the operation of the CTM system -will be posted. Send an email to majordomo@freebsd.org with a single -line of "subscribe ctm-announce" to get added to the list. - - -Starting off with CTM for the first time: ------------------------------------------ - -Before you can start using CTM deltas, you will need to get a special -"base" delta that provides a starting point for all deltas produced -subsequently to it. - -You can recognize a base delta by the 'A' appended to the number -(src-cur.0341A.gz for instance). As a rule a base delta is produced -every 100 deltas, the next one will be src-cur.0400A.gz. -By the way, they are large! 25 to 30 Megabytes of gzip'ed data is -common for a base delta. - -If you do have the 2.0-RELEASE srcdist, you can instead retreive the -src-cur.0372R20.gz file, it's only 4Mb and it will take you to current -from the 2.0-RELEASE sources. - -Once you've picked a base delta to start from, you will also need all -deltas with higher numbers following it. - - -Using CTM in your daily life: ------------------------------ - -To apply the deltas, simply say - - cd /where/ever/you/want/the/stuff - ctm -v -v /where/you/store/your/deltas/src-cur.* - -CTM understands deltas which have been put through gzip, so you don't -need to gunzip them first, this saves diskspace. - -Unless it feels very secure about the entire process, ctm will not -touch your tree. To check out a delta you can also use the "-c" flag -and CTM won't actually touch your tree, but only check the integrity -of the delta, and see if it would apply cleanly to the tree. - -There are other options to ctm as well, look in the sources. - -I would also be very happy if somebody could help with the "user -interface" portions, as I have realized that I can't make up my mind -on what options should do what, how and when... - -That's really all there is to it. Everytime you get a new delta, you -run it through ctm. - -Don't remove the deltas, if they are hard to download again. You just -might want to keep them around in case something bad happens. Even if -you only have floppy disks, consider using "fdwrite" to make a copy. - - -Plans: ------- - -Tons of them: - - - Make local modifications to the tree possible. One way to do it - could be this: - When CTM wants to edit the file "foo/bar.c", it would first check - for the existense of "foo/bar.c#ctm" If this file exists, the - delta is applied to it instead. This way the foo/bar.c file can - be edited to suit local needs. - - Make a "restore file(s)" option to ctm, something like: - ctm -r src/sys/i386/wd.c /here/are/my/deltas/src-cur.* - would restore wd.c to the current status from the files. - - Clean up the options to ctm, they became confusing and - counter intuitive. - -The bad news is that I am very busy, so any help in doing this will be -most welcome. And don't forget to tell me what you want also... - - -Misc. stuff: ------------- - -All the "DES infected" (e.g. export controlled) source is not included. -You will get the "international" version only. If sufficient interest -appears, we will set up a "sec-cur" sequence too. - -If you are a frequent or valuable contributor to FreeBSD, I will be -willing to arrange special services, one option is delivery via ftp or -rcp to a machine closer to you. You need to have earned this, since -it takes time to do, but I'll be all the more happy to do it for you -then. - -There is a sequence of deltas for the ports collection too, but interest -has not been all that high yet. Tell me if you want an email list for -that too and we'll consider setting it up. - -If you have commit priviledges or are similary authorized by the -FreeBSD core team, you can also get access to the CVS repository tree -by the same means. Contact me (phk@FreeBSD.org) for details. - - -Thanks! -------- - -Bruce Evans, for his pointed pen and invaluable comments. -Soren Schmidt, for patience. -Stephen McKay, wrote ctm_[rs]mail, much appreciated. -Jordan Hubbard, for being so stubborn that I had to make it better. -All the users, I hope you like it... - -Comments ? ----------- - -email phk@FreeBSD.org - - -Poul-Henning diff --git a/share/FAQ/current-policy.FAQ b/share/FAQ/current-policy.FAQ deleted file mode 100644 index 4d9e86b..0000000 --- a/share/FAQ/current-policy.FAQ +++ /dev/null @@ -1,170 +0,0 @@ - THE FREEBSD CURRENT POLICY - -Last updated: $Date: 1994/10/03 03:48:39 $ - -This document attempts to explain the rationale behind FreeBSD-current, -what you should expect should you decide to run it, and states some -prerequisites for making sure the process goes as smoothly as possible. - - -1. What is FreeBSD-current? - -FreeBSD-current is, quite literally, nothing more than a daily snapshot of -the working sources for FreeBSD. These include work in progress, experimental -changes, and transitional mechanisms that may or may not be present in -the next official release of the software. While many of us compile -almost daily from FreeBSD-current sources, there are periods of time when -the sources are literally uncompilable. These problems are generally resolved -as expeditiously as possible, but whether or not FreeBSD-current sources bring -disaster or greatly desired functionality can literally be a matter of which -part of any given 24 hour period you grabbed them in! Please read on.. - -Under certain circumstances we will sometimes make binaries for parts of -FreeBSD-current available, but only because we're interested in getting -something tested, not because we're in the business of providing binary -releases of current. If we don't offer, please don't ask! It takes far -too much time to do this as a general task. - - -2. Who needs FreeBSD-current? - -FreeBSD-current is made generally available for 3 primary interest groups: - - 1. Members of the FreeBSD group who are actively working on one - part or another of the source tree and for whom keeping `current' - is an absolute requirement. - - 2. Members of the FreeBSD group who are active ALPHA/BETA testers - and willing to spend time working through problems in order to - ensure that FreeBSD-current remains as sane as possible. These - are also people who wish to make topical suggestions on changes - and the general direction of FreeBSD. - - 3. Peripheral members of the FreeBSD (or some other) group who merely - wish to keep an eye on things and use the current sources for - reference purposes (e.g. for *reading*, not running). These - people also make the occasional comment or contribute code. - - -3. What is FreeBSD-current _NOT_? - - 1. A fast-track to getting pre-release bits because there's something - you heard was pretty cool in there and you want to be the first on - your block to have it. - - 2. A quick way of getting bug fixes. - - 3. In any way "officially supported" by us. - - We do our best to help people genuinely in one of the 3 - "legitimate" FreeBSD-current catagories, but we simply DO NOT - HAVE THE TIME to help every person who jumps into FreeBSD-current - with more enthusiasm than knowledge of how to deal with - experimental system software. This is not because we're mean and - nasty people who don't like helping people out (we wouldn't even be - doing FreeBSD if we were), it's literally because we can't answer - 400 messages a day AND actually work on FreeBSD! I'm sure if - given the choice between having us answer lots of questions or - continue to improve FreeBSD, most of you would vote for us - improving it (and so would we! :-). - - -4. Ok. I still think I "qualify" for FreeBSD-current, so what do I do? - - 1. Join the freebsd-hackers and freebsd-commit mailing lists. - This is not just a good idea, it's ESSENTIAL. If you aren't on - freebsd-hackers, you won't read the comments that people are - making about the current state of the system and thus will end - up stumbling over a lot of problems that others have already - found and solved. Even more importantly, you will miss out on - potentially critical information (e.g. "Yo, Everybody! Before you - rebuild /usr/src, you MUST rebuild the kernel or your system - will crash horribly!"). - - The freebsd-commit list will allow you to see the commit log - entry for each change as its made. This can also contain - important information, and will let you know what parts of the - system are being actively changed. - - To join these lists, send mail to `majordomo@FreeBSD.ORG' - and say: - - subscribe freebsd-hackers - subscribe freebsd-commit - - In the body of your message. Optionally, you can also say `help' - and MajorDomo will send you full help on how to subscribe and - unsubscribe to the various other mailing lists we support. - - 2. Grab the sources from ftp.FreeBSD.ORG. You can do this in - three ways: - - 1. Using the CTM facility. Read the ctm.FAQ file for more - information. Unless you have a good TCP/IP connection at - a flat rate, this is the way to do it. - - 2. Use the CMU `sup' program (Software Update Protocol). - This is the second most recommended method, since it allows - you to grab the entire collection once and then only what's - changed from then on. Many people run sup from cron - and keep their sources up-to-date automatically. - - The problem is that sup does not use the bandwidth efficient, - unless the round-trip is very fast. If the cost of connection - or the duration of the session is a concern, use CTM. - - To get a binary of the sup program for FreeBSD, as well - as the documentation and some sample configuration files, - look in: - - FreeBSD.ORG:~ftp/pub/sup - - 3. Use ftp. The source tree for FreeBSD-current is always - "exported" on: - - ftp.FreeBSD.ORG:~ftp/pub/FreeBSD/FreeBSD-current - - We use `wu-ftpd' which allows compressed/tar'd grabbing - of whole trees. e.g. you see: - - usr.bin/lex - - You can do: - - ftp> cd usr.bin - ftp> get lex.tar.Z - - And it will get the whole directory for you as a compressed - tar file. - - 3. If you're grabbing the sources to run, and not just look at, - then grab ALL of current, not just selected portions. The - reason for this is that various parts of the source depend on - updates elsewhere and trying to compile just a subset is almost - guaranteed to get you into trouble. - - 4. Before compiling current, read the Makefile in /usr/src - carefully. You'll see one-time targets like `bootstrapld' - which *MUST* be run as part of the upgrading process. Reading - freebsd-hackers will keep you up-to-date on other bootstrapping - procedures that sometimes become necessary as we move towards - the next release. - - 5. Be active! If you're running FreeBSD-current, we want to know - what you have to say about it, especially if you have suggestions - for enhancements or bug fixes. Suggestions with accompanying code - are received most enthusiastically! :-) - - -Thank you for taking the time to read this all the way through. We're -always very keen to remain "open" and share the fruits of our labor -with the widest possible audience, but sharing development sources has -always had certain pitfalls associated with it (which is why most -commercial organizations won't even consider it) and I want to make -sure that people at least come into this with their eyes open, and -don't make the leap unless they're good at working without a net! - - Jordan - - - diff --git a/share/FAQ/diskspace.FAQ b/share/FAQ/diskspace.FAQ deleted file mode 100644 index 31346df..0000000 --- a/share/FAQ/diskspace.FAQ +++ /dev/null @@ -1,267 +0,0 @@ - How to assign disk space to FreeBSD. - -$Id$ - -1.0 Getting started. ---------------------- - -After a general introduction, you will find some explanation on what you -need to do to assign space to FreeBSD on your disk(s). This is done -through the "sysinstall" program, which lives on the inital boot floppy. -Those already expert with PCs may wish to skip ahead to section 1.2, the -rest of you may (or may not) enjoy the brief history lesson. - - -1.1 The ins and outs of allocating disk storage on your PC. ------------------------------------------------------------- - -Modern hard disk drives are now getting big enough that people don't want -to allocate all of one to just one operating system anymore, especially -given the increasing size of disk drives (the latest 9.0 Gbyte models -holding the equivalent of some six thousand 1.44MB floppies!) and the -virtual explosion of operating system options available for the PC. To -solve this problem, IBM came up with a scheme for "slicing" the disks -into more manageable chunks, or partitions. It works, but only just. -To better understand why, first a brief bit of history: - -MS-DOS, when hard disk support was unceremoniously grafted on back in the -late eighties, didn't have such "slices". What it had was a way to install -Xenix and MS-DOS on the same disk (Remember when Microsoft were in the UNIX -business?). - -In the first sector on the disk was a piece of "primary boot code" and a -table with four entries. Each of those entries pointed at an arbitrary -slice of the disk, with one of them was marked "active". The machine would -boot by reading the first sector containing the boot code into RAM and then -jumping to it. The job of this small piece of boot code was to look at -the 4 entry table and decide which OS was to be booted by looking -for the "active" flag. It would go and load the first sector of that slice -of the disk into RAM and then and jump to it in turn. This bit of boot -code was called the "secondary boot", and could be specific to a given -operating system. The primary boot code and 4-entry table is known -as the Master Boot Record, or MBR, and is very important to the proper -operation of your PC! We will discuss the MBR in more detail later. - -It was later realized, with the hindsight that IBM is famous for, that disks -could be bigger than the 32Mb that the early DOS FAT-12 file system could -handle, so they added a kludge: They had two MSDOS slices, a "Primary" and -a "Secondary". The primary could still only be 32Mb, but the Secondary had -no size limit. And the trick was that the secondary had ANOTHER "table -entry" so that now suddenly up to 5 slices could be available to MS-DOS. -The Secondary boot record was later made recursive, thus effectively -avoiding any fixed limit. Of course, they were still stuck with a maximum -of 26 slices given the use of "drive letters" in DOS. They also reserved -only 10 bits for cylinder addressing, limiting DOS to being able to address -a maximum of 1024 cylinders (and cause of the dreaded "cylinder translation" -kludges, the misconfiguration of which many users have seen as the notorious -"Missing Operating System" message). Yes, truly DOS was and is an utterly -terrible operating system, which of course explains its amazing degree of -success. Anyway, this all brings us up to today, which is where FreeBSD -comes in: - - -1.2 What FreeBSD does ----------------------- -FreeBSD has, like any other UNIX-like operating system, the concept of -"partitions." Partitions are used to implement its own "slicing" -abstraction, and although there is no real difference between a slice and a -partition as such, we use the two words to distinguish between these two -different levels of slicing. - -The result is that we have a two-tier structure on the disk: - -+-----------+ -| MBR-table | -+-----------+ +---------+ -| Slice 1 | -----> | MSDOS | -+-----------+ +---------+ -| Slice 2 | -+-----------+ +-------------------+ -| Slice 3 | -----> | FreeBSD-disklabel | -+-----------+ +-------------------+ +-----------------+ -| Slice 4 | | Partition A | -----> | Root-filesystem | -+-----------+ +-------------------+ +-----------------+ - | Partition B | --- - +-------------------+ \ +----------------+ - | Partition C | --> | swap-partition | - +-------------------+ +----------------+ - | ... | - - -Here are the rules that FreeBSD plays by: - -A: FreeBSD always has an MBR slice with type 0xa5 (each of the 4 slices can - also have a unique integer identifier so you can tell your DOS slices - from your FreeBSD slices from your Linux slices, etc). This means that - there should always be an MBR record, even in the case where FreeBSD - occupies the entire disk. -B: The FreeBSD slice contains the FreeBSD disklabel in the second sector - (remember, the first sector contains the secondary boot code for FreeBSD, - which is what prints that FreeBSD prompt at you when you first boot - FreeBSD from a floppy or hard disk). -C: The 'C' partition in the FreeBSD disklabel corresponds to the entire - FreeBSD slice. -D: The 'D' partition corresponds to the entire physical disk. -E: Should a disk not have a FreeBSD slice (because there simply is no - FreeBSD on it anywhere), then the MBR slices are mapped into partitions - 'E' to 'H' of an artificially created FreeBSD disklabel. This is useful - for getting at DOS-only disks. - -Therefore, to get FreeBSD onto your disk, you need to do the following: - - Step FreeBSD utility - ------------------------------------------------------------ --------------- - 1. Make an MBR slice for FreeBSD (FDISK) - 2. Partition the diskspace in the MBR slice into partitions (DISKLABEL) - 3. Assign mountpoints to the partitions. (DISKLABEL) - - - -2. The sysinstall utility --------------------------- - -The sysinstall utility is the program you first see when you boot -FreeBSD's install floppy. It is responsible for partitioning your -disk, creating an MBR slice for FreeBSD, setting up the disklabel -within that slice and creating filesystems for each FreeBSD partition -you create within that slice. It is composed of a number of screens. -These are described below. - - -2.1 The main screen --------------------- -The main screen shows you the current status, It shows you which disks -FreeBSD has found, how big they are and how much of it is assigned to -FreeBSD in a FreeBSD MBR slice. It also shows the partitions which have -had a mountpoint assigned to them (not necessarily FreeBSD partitions; -FreeBSD is perfectly capable of mounting DOS disks directly). - -(H)elp -- shows you this file. - -(F)disk -- enters the Fdisk editor, where you can change the MBR record. - This is what you want to use to assign some part of the disk to FreeBSD. - -(D)isklabel -- enters the Disklabel editor, here you can change how the - FreeBSD slice is partitioned for FreeBSD. - -(P)rocede -- will continue the installation process. - -(Q)uit -- Go back to the entry screen. - - -2.2 FDISK - how to make an MBR slice -------------------------------------- -There are some rules to follow here since altering your MBR is a potential -minefield. There is really no way for the sysinstall program to genuinely -know that you have a valid MBR, so you have to be extra careful in what -you edit. Failure to do this properly can and will destroy your other -operating system entries! - -Even if you don't plan to have MSDOS on a disk, make an MSDOS slice -using the MSDOS's FDISK.COM program. The reason for this is that if you -do it that way, you are 100% sure that FreeBSD will use the same number -of heads, sectors and cylinders as MSDOS would use. If you really don't -plan to have MSDOS on the disk, just (D)elete the slice in the FreeBSD's -(F)disk editor. - -From the main screen press 'F' to enter the MBR editor. You have five -commands available: - -(H)elp -- Shows you this file. - -(D)elete -- Deletes a slice entirely. - -(E)dit -- Allows you to edit a slice. It will ask how many megabytes - you want to assign to the slice, and will suggest the maximum possible - as a default. It might say zero, even though there is disk space - available, in which case you will probably need to delete and recreate the - other partitions to get it to see where the free space is. - It will then ask you what type to give the slice, for which the default is - 0xa5 (a FreeBSD slice). You can enter any other number here too, which - can be useful as a placeholder for some other OS you plan to install - later. Finally, it will ask you about the "boot flag". 0x80 means "boot - from this" slice by default, and anything else means "don't". - - If you specified a FreeBSD slice, any existing slices with the 0xa5 - type will be reset to 0x00 "unused". FreeBSD only supports one slice - per disk for FreeBSD. - -(R)eread -- This is your "undo" function. It will read the data of the - disk again, disposing of any changes you may have made. - -(W)rite -- When you are satisfied with the data, this function will write - the new MBR to the disk. - -(Q)uit -- Go back to the main screen. - - -2.3 Disklabel - How to divide up the FreeBSD slice. ----------------------------------------------------- - -The disklabel screen provides the following commands: - -(H)elp -- Shows you this file. - -(S)ize -- Resizes a partition for you, it will suggest as a default the - maximum amount of diskspace it can find. This algorithm isn't too smart - and may say zero, even though there is diskspace available. If it - does, delete and resize the other partitions. - -(A)ssign -- Here you assign where the filesystem in a partition is to - be mounted. `b' partitions will always be made into "swap" partitions. - -(D)elete -- Delete a partition. - -(R)eread -- The undo function. It will reread the current disklabel from - the kernel. - -(W)rite -- This will write the disklabel to the disk. You must always write - before you quit, otherwise your changes will be lost. - -(Q)uit -- Exit back to the main screen. - - -2.4. Hints on partition sizing -------------------------------- - -While it's impossible to say how much space you're going to want to -make your various partitions without knowing more about your intended -applicatins, here are some good rules of thumb to follow: - -1. Root (/) should be at least 18MB, and probably no more than 50MB unless - you have some special reason for making your root partition really - large. Remember that the root filesystem is only supposed to contain - vital system files and little else. - -2. Swap should be at least 2*memory. That is to say if you have 8MB of - memory, then you probably want 16MB of swap. Even more swap space - certainly doesn't hurt, if you can afford to allocate it, and you should - also think ahead a little to any planned memory upgrades you may have - in mind since increasing this later can be very painful! - - If you're going to run the X Window System (XFree86), you should also - consider having a *minimum* of 16MB of swap, since X tends to really - use it up. - -3. /usr can take up the rest of your disk, though some people like to create - extra partitions for user home directories and the like. Be sure to make - your /usr big enough to contain the system software (about 50MB) and - perhaps some of your own, unless you're going to use symbolic links to - point things like /usr/local (or /usr/src) somewhere else. - - -Here are some suggested filesystem names and sizes, just for reference: - -Mountpoint Filesystem size -------------------------------- -/var 10Mb -/usr 50Mb -/ 16Mb - -/usr/src 120Mb If you want to have the sources online -/usr/obj 100Mb If you want to compile all of them at one time - -/usr/X11R6 50Mb If you load the entire XFree86 binary kit. - - -$Id: diskspace.FAQ,v 1.1 1995/01/03 15:48:36 gclarkii Exp $ diff --git a/share/FAQ/extras/ports-supfile b/share/FAQ/extras/ports-supfile deleted file mode 100644 index ffc078b..0000000 --- a/share/FAQ/extras/ports-supfile +++ /dev/null @@ -1,26 +0,0 @@ -ports-base release=current host=SUP.FreeBSD.ORG hostbase=/home base=/usr prefix=/usr/ports delete old -ports-archivers release=current host=SUP.FreeBSD.ORG hostbase=/home base=/usr prefix=/usr/ports delete old -ports-benchmarks release=current host=SUP.FreeBSD.ORG hostbase=/home base=/usr prefix=/usr/ports delete old -ports-audio release=current host=SUP.FreeBSD.ORG hostbase=/home base=/usr prefix=/usr/ports delete old -ports-cad release=current host=SUP.FreeBSD.ORG hostbase=/home base=/usr prefix=/usr/ports delete old -ports-comms release=current host=SUP.FreeBSD.ORG hostbase=/home base=/usr prefix=/usr/ports delete old -ports-databases release=current host=SUP.FreeBSD.ORG hostbase=/home base=/usr prefix=/usr/ports delete old -ports-devel release=current host=SUP.FreeBSD.ORG hostbase=/home base=/usr prefix=/usr/ports delete old -ports-editors release=current host=SUP.FreeBSD.ORG hostbase=/home base=/usr prefix=/usr/ports delete old -ports-emulators release=current host=SUP.FreeBSD.ORG hostbase=/home base=/usr prefix=/usr/ports delete old -ports-games release=current host=SUP.FreeBSD.ORG hostbase=/home base=/usr prefix=/usr/ports delete old -ports-graphics release=current host=SUP.FreeBSD.ORG hostbase=/home base=/usr prefix=/usr/ports delete old -ports-japanese release=current host=SUP.FreeBSD.ORG hostbase=/home base=/usr prefix=/usr/ports delete old -ports-lang release=current host=SUP.FreeBSD.ORG hostbase=/home base=/usr prefix=/usr/ports delete old -ports-mail release=current host=SUP.FreeBSD.ORG hostbase=/home base=/usr prefix=/usr/ports delete old -ports-math release=current host=SUP.FreeBSD.ORG hostbase=/home base=/usr prefix=/usr/ports delete old -ports-net release=current host=SUP.FreeBSD.ORG hostbase=/home base=/usr prefix=/usr/ports delete old -ports-news release=current host=SUP.FreeBSD.ORG hostbase=/home base=/usr prefix=/usr/ports delete old -ports-plan9 release=current host=SUP.FreeBSD.ORG hostbase=/home base=/usr prefix=/usr/ports delete old -ports-print release=current host=SUP.FreeBSD.ORG hostbase=/home base=/usr prefix=/usr/ports delete old -ports-russian release=current host=SUP.FreeBSD.ORG hostbase=/home base=/usr prefix=/usr/ports delete old -ports-security release=current host=SUP.FreeBSD.ORG hostbase=/home base=/usr prefix=/usr/ports delete old -ports-shells release=current host=SUP.FreeBSD.ORG hostbase=/home base=/usr prefix=/usr/ports delete old -ports-sysutils release=current host=SUP.FreeBSD.ORG hostbase=/home base=/usr prefix=/usr/ports delete old -ports-utils release=current host=SUP.FreeBSD.ORG hostbase=/home base=/usr prefix=/usr/ports delete old -ports-x11 release=current host=SUP.FreeBSD.ORG hostbase=/home base=/usr prefix=/usr/ports delete old diff --git a/share/FAQ/extras/secure-stable-supfile b/share/FAQ/extras/secure-stable-supfile deleted file mode 100644 index 61ac7f0..0000000 --- a/share/FAQ/extras/secure-stable-supfile +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -eBones release=stable host=sup.internat.freebsd.org hostbase=/home base=/usr prefix=/usr/src delete old compress -secure release=stable host=sup.internat.freebsd.org hostbase=/home base=/usr prefix=/usr/src delete old compress diff --git a/share/FAQ/extras/secure-supfile b/share/FAQ/extras/secure-supfile deleted file mode 100644 index 716f70c..0000000 --- a/share/FAQ/extras/secure-supfile +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -eBones release=current host=sup.internat.freebsd.org hostbase=/home base=/usr prefix=/usr/src delete old compress -secure release=current host=sup.internat.freebsd.org hostbase=/home base=/usr prefix=/usr/src delete old compress diff --git a/share/FAQ/extras/stable-supfile b/share/FAQ/extras/stable-supfile deleted file mode 100644 index 5ba1db8..0000000 --- a/share/FAQ/extras/stable-supfile +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -src-base release=stable host=sup.FreeBSD.org hostbase=/home base=/usr prefix=/usr/src delete old use-rel-suffix -src-bin release=stable host=sup.FreeBSD.org hostbase=/home base=/usr prefix=/usr/src delete old use-rel-suffix -#src-eBones release=stable host=sup.FreeBSD.org hostbase=/home base=/usr prefix=/usr/src delete old use-rel-suffix -src-etc release=stable host=sup.FreeBSD.org hostbase=/home base=/usr prefix=/usr/src delete old use-rel-suffix -src-games release=stable host=sup.FreeBSD.org hostbase=/home base=/usr prefix=/usr/src delete old use-rel-suffix -src-gnu release=stable host=sup.FreeBSD.org hostbase=/home base=/usr prefix=/usr/src delete old use-rel-suffix -src-include release=stable host=sup.FreeBSD.org hostbase=/home base=/usr prefix=/usr/src delete old use-rel-suffix -src-lib release=stable host=sup.FreeBSD.org hostbase=/home base=/usr prefix=/usr/src delete old use-rel-suffix -src-libexec release=stable host=sup.FreeBSD.org hostbase=/home base=/usr prefix=/usr/src delete old use-rel-suffix -src-sbin release=stable host=sup.FreeBSD.org hostbase=/home base=/usr prefix=/usr/src delete old use-rel-suffix -#src-secure release=stable host=sup.FreeBSD.org hostbase=/home base=/usr prefix=/usr/src delete old use-rel-suffix -src-share release=stable host=sup.FreeBSD.org hostbase=/home base=/usr prefix=/usr/src delete old use-rel-suffix -src-sys release=stable host=sup.FreeBSD.org hostbase=/home base=/usr prefix=/usr/src delete old use-rel-suffix -src-usrbin release=stable host=sup.FreeBSD.org hostbase=/home base=/usr prefix=/usr/src delete old use-rel-suffix -src-usrsbin release=stable host=sup.FreeBSD.org hostbase=/home base=/usr prefix=/usr/src delete old use-rel-suffix diff --git a/share/FAQ/extras/standard-supfile b/share/FAQ/extras/standard-supfile deleted file mode 100644 index 6d0ed19..0000000 --- a/share/FAQ/extras/standard-supfile +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -src-base release=current host=sup.FreeBSD.org hostbase=/home base=/usr prefix=/usr/src delete old use-rel-suffix -src-bin release=current host=sup.FreeBSD.org hostbase=/home base=/usr prefix=/usr/src delete old use-rel-suffix -#src-eBones release=current host=sup.FreeBSD.org hostbase=/home base=/usr prefix=/usr/src delete old use-rel-suffix -src-etc release=current host=sup.FreeBSD.org hostbase=/home base=/usr prefix=/usr/src delete old use-rel-suffix -src-games release=current host=sup.FreeBSD.org hostbase=/home base=/usr prefix=/usr/src delete old use-rel-suffix -src-gnu release=current host=sup.FreeBSD.org hostbase=/home base=/usr prefix=/usr/src delete old use-rel-suffix -src-include release=current host=sup.FreeBSD.org hostbase=/home base=/usr prefix=/usr/src delete old use-rel-suffix -src-lib release=current host=sup.FreeBSD.org hostbase=/home base=/usr prefix=/usr/src delete old use-rel-suffix -src-libexec release=current host=sup.FreeBSD.org hostbase=/home base=/usr prefix=/usr/src delete old use-rel-suffix -src-sbin release=current host=sup.FreeBSD.org hostbase=/home base=/usr prefix=/usr/src delete old use-rel-suffix -#src-secure release=current host=sup.FreeBSD.org hostbase=/home base=/usr prefix=/usr/src delete old use-rel-suffix -src-share release=current host=sup.FreeBSD.org hostbase=/home base=/usr prefix=/usr/src delete old use-rel-suffix -src-sys release=current host=sup.FreeBSD.org hostbase=/home base=/usr prefix=/usr/src delete old use-rel-suffix -src-usrbin release=current host=sup.FreeBSD.org hostbase=/home base=/usr prefix=/usr/src delete old use-rel-suffix -src-usrsbin release=current host=sup.FreeBSD.org hostbase=/home base=/usr prefix=/usr/src delete old use-rel-suffix diff --git a/share/FAQ/help.html b/share/FAQ/help.html deleted file mode 100644 index 4bbc1a2..0000000 --- a/share/FAQ/help.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -<!-- $Id:$ --> - -<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC '-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//EN'> -<html> - <head> - <title>Using FreeBSD Help</title> - </head> - <body> - <h1>Using FreeBSD Help</h1> - -<p>...stay tuned... - - </body> -</html> - diff --git a/share/FAQ/index.html b/share/FAQ/index.html deleted file mode 100644 index 291ed90..0000000 --- a/share/FAQ/index.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,40 +0,0 @@ -<!-- $Id: index.html,v 1.1 1995/04/06 15:56:10 jfieber Exp $ --> - -<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC '-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//EN'> -<html> - <head> - <title>FreeBSD Documentation</title> - </head> - <body> - <h1>FreeBSD Documentation</h1> - - <ul> - <li><a href="help.html">How to use help</a></li> - </ul> - - <p></p> - - <ul> - <li><a href="HTML/userman.html">User Guide</a></li> - <li><a href="HTML/adminman.html">Administrators Guide</a></li> - <li><a href="HTML/refman.html">Reference Manual</a></li> - </ul> - - <p></p> - - <ul> - <li><a href="tutorials.html">Tutorials</a></li> - <li><a href="HTML/freebsd-faq.html">Frequently Asked - Questions with answers</a></li> - <li><a href="http://www.freebsd.org/">Internet Resources</a></li> - </ul> - - <p></p> - - <ul> - <li><a href="HTML/infosources.html">For more information...</a></li> - </ul> - - </body> -</html> - diff --git a/share/FAQ/kerberos_setup.latex b/share/FAQ/kerberos_setup.latex deleted file mode 100644 index fa2e81e..0000000 --- a/share/FAQ/kerberos_setup.latex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,326 +0,0 @@ -%% \documentstyle[11pt,a4]{article} -\documentstyle[11pt]{article} -%% \pagestyle{headings} -%% \pagestyle{empty} -\setlength{\textwidth}{6.5in} -\setlength{\parindent}{0in} -%% \setlength{\parskip}{\medskipamount} -\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{0in} -\setlength{\evensidemargin}{0in} -%% \setlength{\footskip}{0.2cm} -\begin{document} - -\begin{center} -{\LARGE {\bf Configuring Kerberos IV on 4.4 BSD}} \\ -{\it Mark Dapoz} \\ -{\it $<$md@bsc.no$>$} \\ -{\it Bergen Scientific Centre} \\ -{\it Bergen, Norway} \\ -{\it April 4th, 1994} \\ -\end{center} - -\section{Introduction} - -The following instructions can be used as a quick guide on how to set up -kerberos as distributed in 4.4 BSD. However, you should refer to the -original Athena documentation for a complete description. - - -\section{Creating the initial database} - -First make sure that you don't have any old kerberos databases around. You -should change to the directory {\bf /etc/kerberosIV} and check that only the -following files are present: - -\begin{verbatim} -mideon# cd /etc/kerberosIV -mideon# ls -README krb.conf krb.realms register_keys -\end{verbatim} - -If any additional files (such as principal.dir) exist, then use the -{\bf kdb\_destroy} command to destroy the old kerberos database.\\ - -You should now edit the {\bf krb.conf} and {\bf krb.realms} files to define -your kerberos realm. In this case the realm will be {\it BSC.NO} and -the server is {\it mideon.bsc.no}. We would edit the {\bf krb.conf} -file to be as follows: - -\begin{verbatim} -mideon# cat krb.conf -BSC.NO -BSC.NO mideon.bsc.no admin server -CS.BERKELEY.EDU okeeffe.berkeley.edu -ATHENA.MIT.EDU kerberos.mit.edu -ATHENA.MIT.EDU kerberos-1.mit.edu -ATHENA.MIT.EDU kerberos-2.mit.edu -ATHENA.MIT.EDU kerberos-3.mit.edu -LCS.MIT.EDU kerberos.lcs.mit.edu -TELECOM.MIT.EDU bitsy.mit.edu -ARC.NASA.GOV trident.arc.nasa.gov -\end{verbatim} - -Now we have to add mideon.bsc.no to the BSC.NO realm and also add an entry -to put all hosts in the .bsc.no domain in the BSC.NO realm. The -{\bf krb.realms} file would be updated as follows: - -\begin{verbatim} -mideon# cat krb.realms -mideon.bsc.no BSC.NO -.bsc.no BSC.NO -.berkeley.edu CS.BERKELEY.EDU -.MIT.EDU ATHENA.MIT.EDU -.mit.edu ATHENA.MIT.EDU -\end{verbatim} - -Now we're ready to create the database, issue the {\bf kdb\_init} command -to do this: - -\begin{verbatim} -mideon# kdb_init -Realm name [default CS.BERKELEY.EDU ]: BSC.NO -You will be prompted for the database Master Password. -It is important that you NOT FORGET this password. - -Enter Kerberos master key: -\end{verbatim} - -Now we have to save the key so that servers on the local machine can pick -it up. Use the {\bf kstash} command to do this. - -\begin{verbatim} -mideon# kstash - -Enter Kerberos master key: - -Current Kerberos master key version is 1. - -Master key entered. BEWARE! -\end{verbatim} - -\section{Populating the database} - -We now have to add some entries into the database. First lets create an -entry for the user {\it md}. Use the {\bf kdb\_edit} command to do this: - -\begin{verbatim} -mideon# kdb_edit -Opening database... - -Enter Kerberos master key: - -Current Kerberos master key version is 1. - -Master key entered. BEWARE! -Previous or default values are in [brackets] , -enter return to leave the same, or new value. - -Principal name: md -Instance: -md. not found, Create [y] ? -Principal: md, Instance: , kdc_key_ver: 1 -New Password: -New Password: - -Principal's new key version = 1 -Expiration date (enter yyyy-mm-dd) [ 2000-01-01 ] ? -Max ticket lifetime (*5 minutes) [ 255 ] ? 100 -Attributes [ 0 ] ? -Edit O.K. -\end{verbatim} - -Now lets add an entry for the password changing daemon, kpasswd. The -principal name must be {\it kpasswd} and the instance must be the name of -the local machine, {\it mideon} in this case. Similarily, we must also add -an entry for the principal {\it rcmd} with an instance equal to the -hostname of the local machine. - -\begin{verbatim} -Principal name: kpasswd -Instance: mideon -kpasswd.mideon not found, Create [y] ? -Principal: kpasswd, Instance: mideon, kdc_key_ver: 1 -New Password: <---- enter RANDOM here -New Password: <---- and here -Random password [y] ? - -Principal's new key version = 1 -Expiration date (enter yyyy-mm-dd) [ 2000-01-01 ] ? -Max ticket lifetime (*5 minutes) [ 255 ] ? -Attributes [ 0 ] ? -Edit O.K. -Principal name: rcmd -Instance: mideon -rcmd.mideon not found, Create [y] ? -Principal: rcmd, Instance: mideon, kdc_key_ver: 1 -New Password: <---- enter RANDOM here -New Password: <---- and here -Random password [y] ? - -Principal's new key version = 1 -Expiration date (enter yyyy-mm-dd) [ 2000-01-01 ] ? -Max ticket lifetime (*5 minutes) [ 255 ] ? -Attributes [ 0 ] ? -Edit O.K. -Principal name: <---- null entry here will cause an exit -\end{verbatim} - -\section{Creating the server file} - -We now have to extract all the instances which define the services on this -machine. For this we use the {\bf ext\_srvtab} command. - -\begin{verbatim} -mideon# ext_srvtab mideon - -Enter Kerberos master key: - -Current Kerberos master key version is 1. - -Master key entered. BEWARE! -Generating 'mideon-new-srvtab'.... -\end{verbatim} - -Now, this command only generates a temporary file which must be renamed -to {\bf srvtab} so that all the server can pick it up. Use the mv command to -move it into place: - -\begin{verbatim} -mideon# mv mideon-new-srvtab srvtab -\end{verbatim} - -\section{Testing it all out} - -First we have to start the kerberos daemon: - -\begin{verbatim} -mideon# kerberos & -[1] 774 -mideon# Kerberos server starting - Sleep forever on error - Log file is /var/log/kerberos.log -Current Kerberos master key version is 1. - -Master key entered. BEWARE! - -Current Kerberos master key version is 1 -Local realm: BSC.NO -\end{verbatim} - -Now we can try using the {\bf kinit} command to get tokens for the id -{\it md} that we created above: - -\begin{verbatim} -mideon# kinit md -Kerberos Initialization for "md" -Kerberos Password: -\end{verbatim} - -Try listing the tokens using {\bf klist} to see if we really have them: - -\begin{verbatim} -mideon# klist -Ticket file: /tmp/tkt0 -Principal: md@BSC.NO - - Issued Expires Principal -Mar 23 21:06:52 Mar 24 05:06:52 krbtgt.BSC.NO@BSC.NO -\end{verbatim} - -And now try changing the password using {\bf passwd} to check if the -kpasswd daemon can get authorisation to the kerberos database: - -\begin{verbatim} -mideon# passwd md -Changing Kerberos password for md.@BSC.NO. -Old Kerberos password: -New Kerberos password: -Retype new Kerberos password: -Update complete. -\end{verbatim} - -\section{Adding su priviledges} - -We should now add an id which is authorised to su to root. This is -controlled by having an instance of {\it root} associated with a principal. -Using {\bf kdb\_edit} we can create the entry {\it md.root} in the kerberos -database: - -\begin{verbatim} -mideon# kdb_edit -Opening database... - -Enter Kerberos master key: - -Current Kerberos master key version is 1. - -Master key entered. BEWARE! -Previous or default values are in [brackets] , -enter return to leave the same, or new value. - -Principal name: md -Instance: root -md.admin not found, Create [y] ? -Principal: md, Instance: admin, kdc_key_ver: 1 -New Password: -New Password: - -Principal's new key version = 1 -Expiration date (enter yyyy-mm-dd) [ 2000-01-01 ] ? -Max ticket lifetime (*5 minutes) [ 255 ] ? 12 -Attributes [ 0 ] ? -Edit O.K. -Principal name: -\end{verbatim} - -Now try getting tokens for it to make sure it works: - -\begin{verbatim} -mideon# kinit md.root -Kerberos Initialization for "md.root" -Kerberos Password: -\end{verbatim} - -And list them to check expiry times: - -\begin{verbatim} -mideon# klist -Ticket file: /tmp/tkt0 -Principal: md.root@BSC.NO - - Issued Expires Principal -Mar 23 21:08:47 Mar 23 22:08:47 krbtgt.BSC.NO@BSC.NO -mideon# -\end{verbatim} - -Now we need to add the user to root's {\bf .klogin} file: - -\begin{verbatim} -mideon# cat /root/.klogin -md.root@BSC.NO -\end{verbatim} - -Now try doing the su: - -\begin{verbatim} -[md@mideon.bsc.no 10407] su -Kerberos Password: -Warning: tgt not verified. -\end{verbatim} - -and take a look at what tokens we have: - -\begin{verbatim} -mideon# klist -Ticket file: /tmp/tkt_root_1250 -Principal: md.root@BSC.NO - - Issued Expires Principal -Mar 23 22:09:59 Mar 23 22:19:59 krbtgt.BSC.NO@BSC.NO -mideon# -\end{verbatim} - -Notice that with this setup each user has their own entry for su'ing to -root (the {\it user}.root entry in kerberos). This can allow you to give root -access to multiple users without the need to share a common root password. -\end{document} diff --git a/share/FAQ/kernel-debug.FAQ b/share/FAQ/kernel-debug.FAQ deleted file mode 100644 index 3ccdf60..0000000 --- a/share/FAQ/kernel-debug.FAQ +++ /dev/null @@ -1,417 +0,0 @@ - Kernel debugging FAQ for FreeBSD - -$Id: kernel-debug.FAQ,v 1.3 1995/01/02 12:01:59 joerg Exp $ - - -*** Debugging a kernel crash dump with kgdb *** - - Here are some instructions for getting kernel debugging working on a - crash dump, it assumes that you have enough swap space for a crash - dump. If you happen to have multiple swap partitions with the first - one being too small to keep the dump, you can configure your kernel to - use an alternate dump device (in the ``kernel'' line). Dumps to non- - swap devices (e.g. tapes) are currently not supported. - - Config your kernel using config -g - - Remember that you need to specify ``options DODUMP'' in your config - file in order to get kernel core dumps. - - When the kernel's been built make a copy of it, say kernel.debug, and - then run strip -x on the original. Install the original as normal. - You may also install the unstripped kernel, but symtab lookup time - for some programs might drastically increase. - - If you are testing a new kernel (e.g. by typing the new kernel's - name at the boot prompt), but need to boot a different one in order - to get your system up & running again, do boot it only into single - user state (the -s flag at the boot prompt), and then perform the - following steps: - - fsck -p - mount -a -t ufs # so your file system for /var/crash is writable - savecore -N /kernel.panicked /var/crash - exit # ...to multi-user - - This instructs savecore to use another kernel for symbol name - extraction; it would default to the currently running kernel - otherwise. - - Now, after a crash dump, go to /sys/compile/WHATEVER and run - kgdb. From kgdb do: - - symbol-file kernel.debug - exec-file /var/crash/system.0 - core-file /var/crash/ram.0 - - and voila, you can debug the crash dump using the kernel sources - just like you can for any other program. - - If your kernel panicked due to a trap (perhaps the most common case - for getting a core dump), the following trick might help you. Examine - the stack (`where') and look for the stack frame in the function - trap(). Go `up' to that frame, and then type: - - frame frame->tf_ebp frame->tf_eip - - This will tell kgdb to go to the stack frame explicitly named by a - frame pointer and instruction pointer, which is the location where - the trap occured. There are still some bugs in kgdb (you can go - `up' from there, but not `down'; the stack trace will still remain - as it was before going to here), but generally this method will lead - you much closer to the failing piece of code. - - Here's a script log of a kgdb session illustrating the above. Long - lines have been folded to improve readability, and the lines are - numbered for reference. Despite of this, it's a real-world error - trace taken during the development of the pcvt console driver. - - 1:Script started on Fri Dec 30 23:15:22 1994 - 2:uriah # cd /sys/compile/URIAH - 3:uriah # kgdb kernel /var/crash/vmcore.1 - 4:Reading symbol data from /usr/src/sys/compile/URIAH/kernel...done. - 5:IdlePTD 1f3000 - 6:panic: because you said to! - 7:current pcb at 1e3f70 - 8:Reading in symbols for ../../i386/i386/machdep.c...done. - 9:(kgdb) where - 10:#0 boot (arghowto=256) (../../i386/i386/machdep.c line 767) - 11:#1 0xf0115159 in panic () - 12:#2 0xf01955bd in diediedie () (../../i386/i386/machdep.c line 698) - 13:#3 0xf010185e in db_fncall () - 14:#4 0xf0101586 in db_command (-266509132, -266509516, -267381073) - 15:#5 0xf0101711 in db_command_loop () - 16:#6 0xf01040a0 in db_trap () - 17:#7 0xf0192976 in kdb_trap (12, 0, -272630436, -266743723) - 18:#8 0xf019d2eb in trap_fatal (...) - 19:#9 0xf019ce60 in trap_pfault (...) - 20:#10 0xf019cb2f in trap (...) - 21:#11 0xf01932a1 in exception:calltrap () - 22:#12 0xf0191503 in cnopen (...) - 23:#13 0xf0132c34 in spec_open () - 24:#14 0xf012d014 in vn_open () - 25:#15 0xf012a183 in open () - 26:#16 0xf019d4eb in syscall (...) - 27:(kgdb) up 10 - 28:Reading in symbols for ../../i386/i386/trap.c...done. - 29:#10 0xf019cb2f in trap (frame={tf_es = -260440048, tf_ds = 16, tf_\ - 30:edi = 3072, tf_esi = -266445372, tf_ebp = -272630356, tf_isp = -27\ - 31:2630396, tf_ebx = -266427884, tf_edx = 12, tf_ecx = -266427884, tf\ - 32:_eax = 64772224, tf_trapno = 12, tf_err = -272695296, tf_eip = -26\ - 33:6672343, tf_cs = -266469368, tf_eflags = 66066, tf_esp = 3072, tf_\ - 34:ss = -266427884}) (../../i386/i386/trap.c line 283) - 35:283 (void) trap_pfault(&frame, FALSE); - 36:(kgdb) frame frame->tf_ebp frame->tf_eip - 37:Reading in symbols for ../../i386/isa/pcvt/pcvt_drv.c...done. - 38:#0 0xf01ae729 in pcopen (dev=3072, flag=3, mode=8192, p=(struct p\ - 39:roc *) 0xf07c0c00) (../../i386/isa/pcvt/pcvt_drv.c line 403) - 40:403 return ((*linesw[tp->t_line].l_open)(dev, tp)); - 41:(kgdb) list - 42:398 - 43:399 tp->t_state |= TS_CARR_ON; - 44:400 tp->t_cflag |= CLOCAL; /* cannot be a modem (:-) */ - 45:401 - 46:402 #if PCVT_NETBSD || (PCVT_FREEBSD >= 200) - 47:403 return ((*linesw[tp->t_line].l_open)(dev, tp)); - 48:404 #else - 49:405 return ((*linesw[tp->t_line].l_open)(dev, tp, flag)); - 50:406 #endif /* PCVT_NETBSD || (PCVT_FREEBSD >= 200) */ - 51:407 } - 52:(kgdb) print tp - 53:Reading in symbols for ../../i386/i386/cons.c...done. - 54:$1 = (struct tty *) 0x1bae - 55:(kgdb) print tp->t_line - 56:$2 = 1767990816 - 57:(kgdb) up - 58:#1 0xf0191503 in cnopen (dev=0x00000000, flag=3, mode=8192, p=(st\ - 59:ruct proc *) 0xf07c0c00) (../../i386/i386/cons.c line 126) - 60: return ((*cdevsw[major(dev)].d_open)(dev, flag, mode, p)); - 61:(kgdb) up - 62:#2 0xf0132c34 in spec_open () - 63:(kgdb) up - 64:#3 0xf012d014 in vn_open () - 65:(kgdb) up - 66:#4 0xf012a183 in open () - 67:(kgdb) up - 68:#5 0xf019d4eb in syscall (frame={tf_es = 39, tf_ds = 39, tf_edi =\ - 69: 2158592, tf_esi = 0, tf_ebp = -272638436, tf_isp = -272629788, tf\ - 70:_ebx = 7086, tf_edx = 1, tf_ecx = 0, tf_eax = 5, tf_trapno = 582, \ - 71:tf_err = 582, tf_eip = 75749, tf_cs = 31, tf_eflags = 582, tf_esp \ - 72:= -272638456, tf_ss = 39}) (../../i386/i386/trap.c line 673) - 73:673 error = (*callp->sy_call)(p, args, rval); - 74:(kgdb) up - 75:Initial frame selected; you cannot go up. - 76:(kgdb) quit - 77:uriah # exit - 78:exit - 79: - 80:Script done on Fri Dec 30 23:18:04 1994 - - Comments to the above script: - - line 6: this is a dump taken from within DDB (see below), hence the - panic comment ``because you said to!'', and a rather long - stack trace; the initial reason for going into DDB has been - a page fault trap though - - line 20: the location of function ``trap()'' in the stack trace - - line 36: force usage of a new stack frame, kgdb responds and displays - the source line where the trap happened; from looking at the - code, there's a high probability that either the pointer - access for ``tp'' was messed up, or the array access was - out of bounds - - line 52: the pointer looks suspicious, but happens to be a valid - address... - - line 56: ... but obviously points to garbage, so we have found our - error, sigh! [For those uncommon with that particular piece - of code: tp->t_line refers to the line discipline of the - console device here, which must be a rather small integer - number.] - - - -*** Post-mortem analysis of a dump *** - - What to do if a kernel dumped core but you didn't expect it, and it's - therefore not compiled using config -g? - - Not everything is lost here. Don't panic. :-) - - Of course, you still need to configure all your kernels with the - DODUMP option being set, otherwise you won't get a core dump at all. - (This is for safety reasons in the default kernels, to avoid them - trying to dump e.g. during system installation where there's no - FreeBSD partition at all and valuable data on the disk could be - destroyed.) - - Go to your kernel compile directory, and edit the line containing - COPTFLAGS?=-O. Add the `-g' option there (but DON'T change anything - on the level of optimization). If you do already know roughly the - probable location of the failing piece of code (e.g., the `pcvt' - driver in the example above), remove all the object files for this - code. Rebuild the kernel. Due to the time stamp change on the - Makefile, there will be some other object files rebuild, e.g. - trap.o. With a bit of luck, the added -g option won't change - anything for the generated code, so you'll finally get a new kernel - with similiar code to the faulting one but some debugging symbols. - You should at least verify the old and new sizes with the `size' - command; if they mismatch, you probably need to give up here. - - Go and examine the dump as described above. The debugging symbols - might be incomplete for some places (as can be seen in the stack trace - in the example above: some functions are displayed without line - numbers and argument lists). If you need more debugging symbols, - remove the appropriate object files and repeat the kgdb session until - you know enough. - - All this is not guaranteed to work, but most likely will do it fine. - - - -*** On-line kernel debugging using DDB *** - - While kgdb as an offline debugger provides a very high level of user - interface (e.g. it can lookup source files, display C structures - etc.), there are some things it cannot do. The most important ones - being breakpointing and single-stepping kernel code. - - If you need to do low-level debugging on your kernel, there's an on- - line debugger available called DDB. It allows to set breakpoints, - single-step kernel functions, examine and change kernel variables - etc. It can however not access kernel source files, and it does - only have access to the global and static symbols, but not to the - full debug information (including type and line number information) - like kgdb. - - To configure your kernel to include DDB, add the option lines - - options DDB - options "SYMTAB_SPACE=XXXX" - - to your config file, and rebuild. XXXX is the amount of space to be - reserved into a global array DDB examines to find its symbols at run - time. It must be large enough to hold all symbols, but not too - large at all to avoid wasting space. 100000 Bytes are a good first - bet for a ``normal'' kernel. The link stage will tell you about the - usage of the symtab space, you'll see something like: - - dbsym: need 98765; avail 100000 - - If the amount of allocated space has been too small, the above - message is accompanied by the following error message: - - not enough room in db_symtab array - - and the link stage fails. You then need to increase the number, - reconfig and recompile. If your config(8) has been compiled to not - remove the old compile directory before continuing (this is a - compile-time option [CONFIG_DONT_CLOBBER]), you need to remove - db_aout.o prior to recompilation; this is the only file being - affected by the SYMTAB_SPACE option. - - - Once your DDB kernel is running, there are several ways to enter - DDB. The first (and most early) way is to set the boot flag `-d' - (right at the boot prompt). The kernel will start up in debug mode - and enter DDB prior to any device probing. Hence you are able to - even debug the device probe/attach functions. - - The second scenario is a hot-key on the keyboard, usually Ctrl-Alt- - ESC. (For syscons, this can be remapped, and some of the - distributed maps do this, so watch out.) There are patches - available for a COMCONSOLE kernel, ask me (joerg@FreeBSD.org) for - them. - - The third way is that any panic condition will branch to DDB if the - kernel is configured to use it. (Thus it is not wise to configure a - kernel with DDB for a machine running unattended.) - - - The DDB commands roughly resemble some gdb commands. The first you - probably need is to set a breakpoint: - - b function-name - b address - - Numbers are taken hexadecimal by default, but to make them distinct - from symbol names, hex numbers starting with the letters `a' - `f' - need to be preceded with `0x' (for other numbers, this is optional). - Simple expressions are allowed, e.g. ``function-name + 0x103''. - - To continue the operation of an interrupted kernel, simply type - - c - - To get a stack trace, use - - trace - - Note that when entering DDB via a hot-key, the kernel is currently - servicing an interrupt, so the stack trace might be not of much use - for you. - - If you want to remove a breakpoint, use - - del - del address-expression - - The first form will be accepted immediately after a breakpoint hit, - and deletes the current breakpoint. The second form can remove any - breakpoint, but you need to specify the exact address, as it can be - obtained from - - show b - - To single-step the kernel, try - - s - - This will step into functions, but you can make DDB trace them until - the matching return statement is reached by - - n - - NOTE: this is different from gdb's ``next'' statement, it's like - gdb's ``finish''. - - To examine data from memory, use e.g. - - x/wx 0xf0133fe0,40 - x/hd db_symtab_space - x/bc termbuf,10 - x/s stringbuf - - for word/halfword/byte access, and hexadecimal/decimal/character/ - string display. The number after the comma is the object count. - To display the next 0x10 items, simply use - - x ,10 - - Similiarly, use - - x/ia foofunc,10 - - to disassemble the first 0x10 instructions of foofunc, and display - them along with their offset from the beginning of foofunc. - - To modify the memory, use the write command: - - w/b termbuf 0xa 0xb 0 - w/w 0xf0010030 0 0 - - The command modifier (b/h/w) specifies the size of the data to be - writtten, the first following expression is the address to write to, - the remainder is interpreted as data to write to successive memory - locations. - - If you need to know the current registers, use - - show reg - - Alternatively, you can display a single register value by e.g. - - print $eax - - and modify it by - - set $eax new-value - - - Should you need to call some kernel functions from DDB, simply - say - - call func(arg1, arg2, ...) - - The return value will be printed. - - For a ps-style summary of all running processes, use - - ps - - - - Well, you've now examined why your kernel failed, and you wish to - reboot. Remember that, depending on the severity of previous - malfunctioning, not all parts of the kernel might still be working - as expected. Perform one of the following actions to shut down and - reboot your system: - - - call diediedie() - - (must usually be followed by another ``c[ontinue]'' statement), - will cause your kernel to dump core and reboot, so you can later - analyze the core on a higher level with kgdb. - - - call boot(0) - - might be a good way to cleanly shut down the running system, sync() - all disks, and finally reboot. As long as the disk and file system - interfaces of the kernel are not damaged, this might be a good way - for an almost clean shutdown. - - - call cpu_reset() - - ...is the final way out of the desaster, almost similiar to hitting - the Big Red Button. - - - -*** What to do if i want to debug a console driver? *** - - Since you need a console driver to run DDB on, things are more - complicated if the console driver itself is flakey. You might - remember the ``options COMCONSOLE'' line, and hook up a standard - terminal onto your first serial port. DDB works on any configured - console driver, of course it also works on a COMCONSOLE. - - - - Paul Richards, FreeBSD core team member. (paul@FreeBSD.org) - J"org Wunsch (joerg@FreeBSD.org) - diff --git a/share/FAQ/mailing-list.FAQ b/share/FAQ/mailing-list.FAQ deleted file mode 100644 index 74e231b..0000000 --- a/share/FAQ/mailing-list.FAQ +++ /dev/null @@ -1,105 +0,0 @@ - THE FREEBSD MAILING LIST FAQ - -$Id: mailing-list.FAQ,v 1.4 1994/10/10 10:39:10 gclarkii Exp $ - --- -Though many of the FreeBSD development members read USENET, we cannot -always guarantee that we'll get to your questions in a timely fashion -(or at all) if you post them only to one of the comp.os.386bsd.* -groups. By addressing your questions to the appropriate mailing list -you will reach both us and a concentrated FreeBSD audience, invariably -assuring a better (or at least faster) response. - -The following is a summary of the mailing lists: - -List Purpose ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -freebsd-admim Administrative issues (limited) -freebsd-arch Architecture and design discussions (limited) -freebsd-bugs Bug reports -freebsd-hackers Technical discussions and suggestions -freebsd-questions User questions -freebsd-announce Important events / milestones -freebsd-current Discussions about the use of FreeBSD-current -freebsd-commit Commit messages to source repository -freebsd-core FreeBSD core team (limited) -freebsd-security Security issues -freebsd-fs Filesystems -freebsd-ports Discussion of "ports" -freebsd-platforms Porting to Non-Intel platforms -freebsd-hardware General discussion of FreeBSD hardware -freebsd-install Installation issues (limited) - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ - -The following lists are for people seeing the log messages for source changes -in specific areas: - -List name Source area Area Description (source for) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -cvs-CVSROOT /usr/src/[A-Z]* Top level /usr/src file changes -cvs-all /usr/src All changes to the tree (superset) -cvs-bin /usr/src/bin System binaries -cvs-etc /usr/src/etc System files -cvs-games /usr/src/games Games -cvs-gnu /usr/src/gnu GPL'd utilities -cvs-include /usr/src/include Include files -cvs-kerberosIV /usr/src/kerberosIV Kerberos encryption code -cvs-lib /usr/src/lib System libraries -cvs-libexec /usr/src/libexec System binaries -cvs-sbin /usr/src/sbin System binaries -cvs-share /usr/src/share System shared files -cvs-sys /usr/src/sys Kernel -cvs-usrbin /usr/src/usr.bin Use binaries -cvs-usrsbin /usr/src/usr.sbin System binaries -cvs-ports /usr/ports Ported software ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ - -Even though the lists freebsd-core, freebsd-admin, freebsd-install and -freebsd-arch are closed, anyone is free to send suggestions and comments -to them. All other lists are open. - -All mailing lists live on `FreeBSD.ORG', so to post to a list you -simply mail to `<listname>@FreeBSD.ORG'. It will then be redistributed -to mailing list members throughout the world. - -To subscribe to a list, send mail to: - - majordomo@FreeBSD.ORG - -And include the keyword - - subscribe <listname> [<optional address>] - -In the body of your message. For example, to subscribe yourself to -freebsd-hackers, you'd do: - - % mail majordomo@FreeBSD.ORG - subscribe freebsd-hackers - ^D - -If you want to subscribe yourself under a different name, or submit a -subscription request for a local mailing list (note: this is more efficient -if you have several interested parties at one site, and highly appreciated by -us!), you would do something like: - - % mail majordomo@FreeBSD.ORG - subscribe freebsd-hackers local-hackers@somesite.com - ^D - -Finally, it is also possible to unsubscribe yourself from a list, get a -list of other list members or see the list of mailing lists again by -sending other types of control messages to majordomo. For a complete -list of available commands, do this: - - % mail majordomo@FreeBSD.ORG - help - ^D - -Finally, it is suggested that you only join the freebsd-hackers or -freebsd-questions mailing lists if you're also willing to see upwards -of 100 messages a day (peak)! If you're only interested in the "high points", -then it's suggested that you join freebsd-announce, which will contain -only infrequent traffic. - - Thank you! diff --git a/share/FAQ/nfs.FAQ b/share/FAQ/nfs.FAQ deleted file mode 100644 index 047b25a..0000000 --- a/share/FAQ/nfs.FAQ +++ /dev/null @@ -1,79 +0,0 @@ -FreeBSD and NFS [for a FAQ] - -$Id$ - -Certain Ethernet adapters for ISA PC systems have limitations which -can lead to serious network problems, particularly with NFS. This -difficulty is not specific to FreeBSD, but FreeBSD systems are affected -by it. - -The problem nearly always occurs when (FreeBSD) PC systems are networked -with high-performance workstations, such as those made by Silicon Graphics, -Inc., and Sun Microsystems, Inc. The NFS mount will work fine, and some -operations may succeed, but suddenly the server will seem to become -unresponsive to the client, even though requests to and from other systems -continue to be processed. This happens to the client system, whether the -client is the FreeBSD system or the workstation. On many systems, there is -no way to shut down the client gracefully once this problem has manifested -itself. The only solution is often to reset the client, because the NFS -situation cannot be resolved. - -Though the "correct" solution is to get a higher performance and capacity -Ethernet adapter for the FreeBSD system, there is a simple workaround that -will allow satisfactory operation. If the FreeBSD system is the SERVER, -include the option "wsize=1024" on the mount from the client. If the -FreeBSD system is the CLIENT, then mount the NFS file system with the -option "rsize=1024". These options may be specified using the fourth -field of the fstab entry on the client for automatic mounts, or by using -the "-o" parameter of the mount command for manual mounts. - -In the following examples, "fastws" is the host (interface) name of a -high-performance workstation, and "freebox" is the host (interface) name of -a FreeBSD system with a lower-performance Ethernet adapter. Also, -"/sharedfs" will be the exported NFS filesystem (see "man exports"), and -"/project" will be the mount point on the client for the exported file -system. In all cases, note that additional options, such as "hard" or -"soft" and "bg" may be desireable in your application. - -Examples for the FreeBSD system ("freebox") as the client: - in /etc/fstab on freebox: -fastws:/sharedfs /project nfs rw,rsize=1024 0 0 - as a manual mount command on freebox: -mount -t nfs -o rsize=1024 fastws:/sharedfs /project - -Examples for the FreeBSD system as the server: - in /etc/fstab on fastws: -freebox:/sharedfs /project nfs rw,wsize=1024 0 0 - as a manual mount command on fastws: -mount -t nfs -o wsize=1024 freebox:/sharedfs /project - -Nearly any 16-bit Ethernet adapter will allow operation without the above -restrictions on the read or write size. - -For anyone who cares, here is what happens when the failure occurs, which -also explains why it is unrecoverable. NFS typically works with a "block" -size of 8k (though it may do fragments of smaller sizes). Since the maximum -Ethernet packet is around 1500 bytes, the NFS "block" gets split into -multiple Ethernet packets, even though it is still a single unit to the -upper-level code, and must be received, assembled, and ACKNOWLEDGED as a -unit. The high-performance workstations can pump out the packets which -comprise the NFS unit one right after the other, just as close together as -the standard allows. On the smaller, lower capacity cards, the later -packets overrun the earlier packets of the same unit before they can be -transferred to the host and the unit as a whole cannot be reconstructed or -acknowledged. As a result, the workstation will time out and try again, -but it will try again with the entire 8K unit, and the process will be -repeated, ad infinitum. - -By keeping the unit size below the Ethernet packet size limitation, we -ensure that any complete Ethernet packet received can be acknowledged -individually, avoiding the deadlock situation. - -Overruns may still occur when a high-performance workstations is slamming -data out to a PC system, but with the better cards, such overruns are -not guarranteed on NFS "units". When an overrun occurs, the units affected -will be retransmitted, and there will be a fair chance that they will be -received, assembled, and acknowledged. --- - John Lind, Starfire Consulting Services -E-mail: john@starfire.MN.ORG USnail: PO Box 17247, Mpls MN 55417 diff --git a/share/FAQ/ports-supfile b/share/FAQ/ports-supfile deleted file mode 100644 index 8a9b29c..0000000 --- a/share/FAQ/ports-supfile +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -ports-editors release=current host=FreeBSD.ORG hostbase=/home base=/usr prefix=/usr/ports delete old -ports-lang release=current host=FreeBSD.ORG hostbase=/home base=/usr prefix=/usr/ports delete old -ports-mail release=current host=FreeBSD.ORG hostbase=/home base=/usr prefix=/usr/ports delete old -ports-net release=current host=FreeBSD.ORG hostbase=/home base=/usr prefix=/usr/ports delete old -ports-shells release=current host=FreeBSD.ORG hostbase=/home base=/usr prefix=/usr/ports delete old -ports-utils release=current host=FreeBSD.ORG hostbase=/home base=/usr prefix=/usr/ports delete old -ports-x11 release=current host=FreeBSD.ORG hostbase=/home base=/usr prefix=/usr/ports delete old diff --git a/share/FAQ/ports.FAQ b/share/FAQ/ports.FAQ deleted file mode 100644 index 485a265..0000000 --- a/share/FAQ/ports.FAQ +++ /dev/null @@ -1,246 +0,0 @@ - The FreeBSD Ports FAQ file - -Revision: $Id: ports.FAQ,v 1.1 1995/01/05 07:27:00 gclarkii Exp $ - -The ports system is kinda new, so there haven't been too many FAQ's to -date, but hopefully this document will pre-empt (some|most) of them!! -The ports system is constantly changing, but hopefully this document -will be kept reasonably up to date (and you never know, it might even -make sense!). - - - Gary Palmer - & jkh - -1) What is a port? - - Unfortunately, there are more variations of UN*X than most people -know of, and hence not all software for UN*X available on the Internet -will work on all versions of UN*X (in fact, I can guarantee it!). -Hence, some software needs modifications to work under some UN*Xs. The -process of making those modifications is known as ``porting'' and the -result known as a ``port'' (not to be confused with the sockets on the -back of your computer!). - - -2) What is the FreeBSD Ports Collection? - - People who (allegedly) know what they are doing have automated the -process of ``porting'' software to FreeBSD, and the result is the -Ports Collection. The general idea is that a combination of various -programming tools available in the base FreeBSD installation will -allow you to fetch the port from a FreeBSD mirror site, type ``make'' -and get the fully working program. - - The ports collection itself normally doesn't have any of the -original source code necessary for the compilation in the tree, just -those shell scripts, Makefiles and source code ``diffs'' that are -necessary to compile the program under FreeBSD. This is meant to keep -the entire system down to a manageable size, and the current system -has over 100 ports in the master source tree, and yet a compressed tar -file of that tree is about 2 megabytes (all the source code needed is -over 100Mb's!). - - -3) How does the system compile with no source code? - - A ports' Makefile automatically looks in a central location on -your system (usually /usr/ports/distfiles, though this value can be -customized) for the associated set of original distribution files that -have been ``ported''. These are generally provided at various places -on the Internet, though if you have a CDROM distribution of FreeBSD -then you've already got them available on your CD for ease of use. -See section 3.1 if you have such a CD distribution, otherwise skip to -section 3.2. - -3.1 Compiling ports from CD - - Type something profound here. - -3.2 Compiling ports using an Internet connection - - The ports collection can also use an auto-fetch system to keep -your ports collection source tree up to date, updating the central -``distfiles'' version for you the next time you compile the port. - - Of course, this always assumes you have a permanent network link, -or don't mind heavy usage of your telephone. If you don't want heavy -network usage when you compile your ports tree, you can pre-fetch the -necessary tarballs beforehand and put them into /usr/ports/distfiles -(or wherever DISTDIR points) by hand. A good way to see what files a -port is going to need is to cd to that port's directory and do a -``make -n fetch'' to see what it does. - - You can also chose to get the source files either from the master -FTP site as defined in the relevant Makefile (in the MASTER_SITES -line), or some FreeBSD mirror site also carrying a set of distfiles, -as does the master FTP site on ftp.FreeBSD.org (aka ftp.cdrom.com) in -the directory /pub/FreeBSD/ports/distfiles. Note that the files in -that directory are not guarenteed to be kept up to date - this is a -volunteer project! We can't make any guarantees about the mirror -sites either - they are obviously under independant control and don't -even have to mirror the distfiles directory. - - If you have a non-permanant link, you can fetch all the distfiles by -going to the top of the tree and typing ``make fetch''. - - -4) It doesn't work?! - -Oh. You can do one of four (4) things : - -a) Fix it yourself. Technical details can be found in the GUIDELINES file, - available from URL ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/GUIDELINES - -b) Gripe. This is done by e-mail *ONLY*! The people at Walnut Creek are - in no way responsible for the functionality (or lack thereof) of the - FreeBSD system as a whole, and especially the ports system, which - is mainly contributed by 3rd parties. (If you don't believe me, check - the catalogue, especially the line saying "We cannot offer tech-support - on this product") - - The e-mail address is Ports@FreeBSD.org. Please include details of - the port, where you got both the port source & distfile(s) from, and - what the error was. - - Note: At time of writing, lang/Sather doesn't seem to work on Pentium - machines due to the Intel Curse (aka the Floating Point Division Bug). - Please don't tell us about this - gripe to Intel instead - it's their - bug! - -c) Forget it. This is the easiest for most - very few of the programs in - ports can be classed as `essential'! - -d) Grab the pre-compiled package from a ftp server. The ``master'' package - collection is in: - ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/packages/ - - though check your local mirror first, please! - - These are more likely to work (on the whole) than trying to compile from - source, and a lot faster! - - -5) I've ported a program and I want to make a port out of it. What now? - - See the file GUIDELINES, in: - ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/GUIDELINES - - This contains details of the procedure and structure involved. - - -6) I've got a good port, what now? - - Upload the fixed version to freefall.cdrom.com /pub/incoming or -ftp.FreeBSD.org /pub/FreeBSD/incoming and send e-mail to -ports@FreeBSD.org with the filename and details. Someone on the -all-volunteer `ports committee' will (hopefully) look it over and -commit it to the ports collection if they like the looks of it. - - -7) Things go funny during the fetch stage of compilation! - - We know. Please don't blame us. There is a program called `ncftp' -which is used instead of the normal ftp as it can do so-called -``background'' or ``batch'' transfers, ideal for this situation. -Unfortunately it can do strange things, and has crashed at least one -machine (during circumstances stranger than most, I'll admit, but it -was still responsible). Hopefully a future release of ncftp will fix -these problems (it is not maintained by the main FreeBSD team, but a -third party, who is I believe aware of its shortcomings) - - -8) I want to leave the compile going overnight, but some ports don't - like this. - - There is a way around this. Before starting the compilation, type: - setenv BATCH yes # (if you use csh/tcsh) or - BATCH=yes # (for sh/bash) - - This should miss out ports which need user interaction. Unfortunately, -ncftp doesn't know about this trick, and can often screw up and ask -stupid questions in unattended batch mode. See (7). - - To compile those ports left out by doing the above, using a -different login shell (or unsetting the above BATCH variable), set the -INTERACTIVE variable instead (you can use the same statements as above -except replace ``BATCH'' with ``INTERACTIVE'') and re-run make. This -should now compile only those ports which will definitely ask for user -interaction. - - -9) The ports collection is weak. What can I do to help? - - First read the bsd.port.mk file (which may be found in -/usr/share/mk/) and the associated bsd.port.subdir.mk file. A lot of -the weirdness can be explained properly in there (most of the current -weirdness is due to the lack of assumptions about anything, which is -necessary due to the generic nature of these files). Also check that -you have an up-to-date copy, as the file can change from minute to -minute. A reasonably up-to-date copy can be found in: - - ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/FreeBSD-current/src/share/mk/bsd.port* - - If you find that you still need to go in there and alter things, -by all means do so, and then send the diffs to ports@FreeBSD.org if -you'd like them to be a part of the default distribution. Please also -remember that any changes must respect backwards-compatability with -any and all older Makefiles, unless you want a real nightmare of -/usr/ports munging ahead of you! Large scale changes will generally -not be warmly welcomed unless all the existing makefiles work without -alteration. Sorry! - - -10) This FAQ is weak. What can I do? - - Send changes to ports@FreeBSD.org. Changes are most welcome! -This FAQ is also very green and should be considered no more than -a `good start' for now. Authors? You can come out of hiding any -time now! :-) - - -11) How do I get more information on all the ports? - - One good method is to cd to the top of the ports tree (say /usr/ports) -and type something like: - - make describe | sed -e '/===/D' -e 's;/usr/ports/;;' | expand -40 - -The ``make describe'' will try to extract the one-line description from -each port, and the ``sed'' will delete the extraneous output. ``expand'' -just makes it a little more readable (sort of - you may want to season -the output of this more to taste). - - -12) I've heard of a new checksum system. What is this for? - - For various reasons, when using FTP over the Internet to obtain the -source code, you may not always end up with the same copy of the code -that the origional porter worked from, and this can lead to problems. -So a simple checksumming system has been employed to try and highlight -problems in this area. - - To check the entire system, go to the top of the ports tree -(defaults to /usr/ports) and type - - make checksum - -This will give a report on the validity of the files you have FTP'd. If some -are missing, the system will attempt to retrieve them before running the -checksum routine. The same technique can be applied to a single port. - - The system will complain if there is no pre-computed checksum available -for that port. Not all ports currently have checksums, but this should be -cured soon. - - Some older versions of the system don't recognise the ``checksum'' -target. In that case, try the command - - make check-md5 - -(``check-md5'' was the pre-cursor to the ``checksum'' target). If neither -work, get the latest copies of bsd.port.mk and bsd.port.subdir.mk from - - ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/FreeBSD-current/src/share/mk/bsd.port* - -and install them in /usr/share/mk. This will get you the latest version -of the ports system. diff --git a/share/FAQ/ppp.FAQ b/share/FAQ/ppp.FAQ deleted file mode 100755 index 0a6a980..0000000 --- a/share/FAQ/ppp.FAQ +++ /dev/null @@ -1,369 +0,0 @@ - Info about setting up pppd daemon on FreeBSD-2.0 - -$Id$ - -Before you start setting up PPP on your machine make -sure that pppd is located in /usr/sbin and directory /etc/ppp -exists. - -pppd can work in two modes: - -i) as a "client" , i.e. you want to connect your machine to outside -world via PPP serial connection or modem line. - -ii) as a "server" , i.e. your machine is located on the network and -used to connect other computers using PPP. - -In both cases you will need to set up an options file ( /etc/ppp/options -or ~/.ppprc if you have more then one user on your machine that uses -PPP ). - -You also will need some modem/serial software ( preferably kermit ) -so you can dial and establish connection with remote host. - -1) Working as a PPP client - -I used the following options to connect to CISCO terminal server PPP -line. - -----/etc/ppp/options------- -crtscts # enable hardware flow control -modem # modem control line -noipdefault # remote PPP server must supply your IP address. - # if the remote host doesn't send your IP during IPCP - # negotiation , remove this option -passive # wait for LCP packets -domain ppp.foo.com # put your domain name here - -:<remote_ip> # put the IP of remote PPP host here - # it will be used to route packets via PPP link - # if you didn't specified the noipdefault option - # change this line to <local_ip>:<remote_ip> - -defaultroute # put this if you want that PPP server will be your - # default router -------------------------- - -To connect: -i) Dial to the remote host using kermit ( or other modem program ) -enter your user name and password ( or whatever is needed to enable PPP -ont the remote host ) - -ii) Exit kermit. ( without hanging up the line ) - -iii) enter: -/usr/src/usr.sbin/pppd.new/pppd /dev/tty01 19200 -( put the appropriate speed and device name ) - -Now your computer is connected with PPP. If the connection fails for some -reasons you can add the "debug" option to the /etc/ppp/options file -and check messages on the console to track the problem - -Following script will make all 3 stages automatically: ------/etc/ppp/pppup-------- -#!/bin/sh -ps ax |grep pppd |grep -v grep -pid=`ps ax |grep pppd |grep -v grep|awk '{print $1;}'` -if [ "X${pid}" != "X" ] ; then - echo 'killing pppd, PID=' ${pid} - kill ${pid} -fi -ps ax |grep kermit |grep -v grep -pid=`ps ax |grep kermit |grep -v grep|awk '{print $1;}'` -if [ "X${pid}" != "X" ] ; then - echo 'killing kermit, PID=' ${pid} - kill -9 ${pid} -fi - -ifconfig ppp0 down -ifconfig ppp0 delete - -kermit -y /etc/ppp/kermit.dial -pppd /dev/tty01 19200 ------------------------------ - -/etc/ppp/kermit.dial is kermit script that dials and makes all -necessary authorization on the remote host. -( Example of such script is attached to the end of this document ) - -Use the follwing script to disconnect the PPP line: ------/etc/ppp/pppdown-------- -#!/bin/sh -pid=`ps ax |grep pppd |grep -v grep|awk '{print $1;}'` -if [ X${pid} != "X" ] ; then - echo 'killing pppd, PID=' ${pid} - kill -TERM ${pid} -fi - -ps ax |grep kermit |grep -v grep -pid=`ps ax |grep kermit |grep -v grep|awk '{print $1;}'` -if [ "X${pid}" != "X" ] ; then - echo 'killing kermit, PID=' ${pid} - kill -9 ${pid} -fi - -/sbin/ifconfig ppp0 down -/sbin/ifconfig ppp0 delete -kermit -y /etc/ppp/kermit.hup -/etc/ppp/ppptest ------------------------------- - -Check if PPP is still running: - ------/etc/ppp/ppptest--------- -#!/bin/sh -pid=`ps ax| grep pppd |grep -v grep|awk '{print $1;}'` -if [ X${pid} != "X" ] ; then - echo 'pppd running: PID=' ${pid-NONE} -else - echo 'No pppd running.' -fi -set -x -netstat -n -I ppp0 -ifconfig ppp0 ------------------------------ - -Hangs up modem line: - ------/etc/ppp/kermit.hup----- -set line /dev/tty01 ; put your modem device here -set speed 19200 -set file type binary -set file names literal -set win 8 -set rec pack 1024 -set send pack 1024 -set block 3 -set term bytesize 8 -set command bytesize 8 -set flow none - -pau 1 -out +++ -inp 5 OK -out ATH0\13 -echo \13 -exit ----------------------------- - -2) Working as a PPP server - -------/etc/ppp/options------ -crtscts # Hardware flow control -netmask 255.255.255.0 # netmask ( not required ) -192.114.208.20:192.114.208.165 # ip's of local and remote hosts - # local ip must be different from one - # you assigned to the ethernet ( or other ) - # interface on your machine. - # remote IP is ip address that will be - # assigned to the remote machine -domain ppp.foo.com # your domain -passive # wait for LCP -modem # modem line ----------------------------- - -Following script will enable ppp server on your machine - ------/etc/ppp/pppserv------- -#!/bin/sh -ps ax |grep pppd |grep -v grep -pid=`ps ax |grep pppd |grep -v grep|awk '{print $1;}'` -if [ "X${pid}" != "X" ] ; then - echo 'killing pppd, PID=' ${pid} - kill ${pid} -fi -ps ax |grep kermit |grep -v grep -pid=`ps ax |grep kermit |grep -v grep|awk '{print $1;}'` -if [ "X${pid}" != "X" ] ; then - echo 'killing kermit, PID=' ${pid} - kill -9 ${pid} -fi - -# reset ppp interface -ifconfig ppp0 down -ifconfig ppp0 delete - -# enable autoanswer mode -kermit -y /etc/ppp/kermit.ans - -# run ppp -pppd /dev/tty01 19200 ----------------------------- - -Use this script to stop ppp server: - ------/etc/ppp/pppservdown--- -#!/bin/sh -ps ax |grep pppd |grep -v grep -pid=`ps ax |grep pppd |grep -v grep|awk '{print $1;}'` -if [ "X${pid}" != "X" ] ; then - echo 'killing pppd, PID=' ${pid} - kill ${pid} -fi -ps ax |grep kermit |grep -v grep -pid=`ps ax |grep kermit |grep -v grep|awk '{print $1;}'` -if [ "X${pid}" != "X" ] ; then - echo 'killing kermit, PID=' ${pid} - kill -9 ${pid} -fi -ifconfig ppp0 down -ifconfig ppp0 delete - -kermit -y /etc/ppp/kermit.noans ----------------------------- - -Following kermit script will enable/disable autoanswer mode -on your modem: - ------/etc/ppp/kermit.ans---- -set line /dev/tty01 -set speed 19200 -set file type binary -set file names literal -set win 8 -set rec pack 1024 -set send pack 1024 -set block 3 -set term bytesize 8 -set command bytesize 8 -set flow none - -pau 1 -out +++ -inp 5 OK -out ATH0\13 -inp 5 OK -echo \13 -out ATS0=1\13 ; change this to out ATS0=0\13 if you want to disable - ; autoanswer mod -inp 5 OK -echo \13 -exit ------------------------------ - -This script is used for dialing and authorizing on remote host. -You will need to customize it for your needs. -Put your login and password in this script , also you'll need -to change input statement depending on responces from your modem -and remote host. - ------/etc/ppp/kermit.dial---- - -; -; put the com line attached to the modem here: -; -set line /dev/tty01 -; -; put the modem speed here: -; -set speed 19200 -set file type binary ; full 8 bit file xfer -set file names literal -set win 8 -set rec pack 1024 -set send pack 1024 -set block 3 -set term bytesize 8 -set command bytesize 8 -set flow none -set modem hayes -set dial hangup off -set carrier auto ; Then SET CARRIER if necessary, -set dial display on ; Then SET DIAL if necessary, -set input echo on -set input timeout proceed -set input case ignore -def \%x 0 ; login prompt counter -goto slhup - -:slcmd ; put the modem in command mode -echo Put the modem in command mode. -clear ; Clear unread characters from input buffer -pause 1 -output +++ ; hayes escape sequence -input 1 OK\13\10 ; wait for OK -if success goto slhup -output \13 -pause 1 -output at\13 -input 1 OK\13\10 -if fail goto slcmd ; if modem doesn't answer OK, try again - -:slhup ; hang up the phone -clear ; Clear unread characters from input buffer -pause 1 -echo Hanging up the phone. -output ath0\13 ; hayes command for on hook -input 2 OK\13\10 -if fail goto slcmd ; if no OK answer, put modem in command mode - -:sldial ; dial the number -pause 1 -echo Dialing. -output atdt9,550311\13\10 ; put phone number here -assign \%x 0 ; zero the time counter - -:look -clear ; Clear unread characters from input buffer -increment \%x ; Count the seconds -input 1 {CONNECT } -if success goto sllogin -reinput 1 {NO CARRIER\13\10} -if success goto sldial -reinput 1 {NO DIALTONE\13\10} -if success goto slnodial -reinput 1 {\255} -if success goto slhup -reinput 1 {\127} -if success goto slhup -if < \%x 60 goto look -else goto slhup - -:sllogin ; login -assign \%x 0 ; zero the time counter -pause 1 -echo Looking for login prompt. - -:slloop -increment \%x ; Count the seconds -clear ; Clear unread characters from input buffer -output \13 -; -; put your expected login prompt here: -; -input 1 {Username: } -if success goto sluid -reinput 1 {\255} -if success goto slhup -reinput 1 {\127} -if success goto slhup -if < \%x 10 goto slloop ; try 10 times to get a login prompt -else goto slhup ; hang up and start again if 10 failures - -:sluid -; -; put your userid here: -; -output ppp-login\13 -input 1 {Password: } -; -; put your password here: -; -output ppp-password\13 -input 1 {Entering SLIP mode.} -echo -quit - -:slnodial -echo \7No dialtone. Check the telephone line!\7 -exit 1 - -; local variables: -; mode: csh -; comment-start: "; " -; comment-start-skip: "; " -; end: ------------------------- - -################################################################### -Gennady B. Sorokopud ( gena@NetVision.net.il ) 24/10/94 12:00 diff --git a/share/FAQ/slip-dialup b/share/FAQ/slip-dialup deleted file mode 100644 index 66a6646..0000000 --- a/share/FAQ/slip-dialup +++ /dev/null @@ -1,190 +0,0 @@ -*********************************************************************** -*** How to Set Up SLIP on FreeBSD *** -*********************************************************************** - -Updated for 1.1.5(.1) support by Satoshi Asami, 8/6/94. - -The following is I (asami) set up my FreeBSD machine for SLIP on a -static host network. For dynamic hostname assignments (i.e., your -address changes each time you dial up), you probably need to do -something much fancier. - -This is just "what I did, and it worked for me". I'm sharing this -just for your reference, I'm no expert in SLIP nor networking so your -mileage may vary. - -Note: for 1.1 systems (not 1.1.5), you need to use /dev/tty01 instead -of /dev/cua01. substitute all the occurences of "cua" in this document -with "tty". - -Note: the default 1.1.5(.1) system only comes with cua/ttyd pairs for -the last two ports (2 and 3), so if your modem is at sio0/sio1 -(COM1/COM2), you need to make the devices. Try "cd /dev; sh MAKEDEV -cua01" to make the new special files for sio1 (ditto for sio0). This -will delete tty01, but you shouldn't need it anymore...or you can make -a symbolic link /dev/tty01 -> ttyd1 if you don't want to hunt down all -occurences of tty01 in your setup files. - -I actually have a symbolic link /dev/modem -> cua01 (and /dev/mouse -> -ttyd0). I use only the modem/mouse names in my configuration files. -This helped a lot when I switched from 1.1 to 1.1.5.1 (tty01 => cua01) -and when I had to move my modem temporarily to sio2 to enable the -RS-232C port on the serial card. It can become quite cumbersome when -you need to fix a bunch of files in /etc and .kermrc's all over the -system! - -First, make sure you have - -pseudo-device sl 2 - -in your kernel's config file. It is included in the GENERICAH and -GENERICBT kernels, so this won't be a problem unless you deleted it. - -Things you have to do only once: - -(1) Add your home machine, the gateway and nameservers to your - /etc/hosts file. Mine looks like this: - -127.0.0.1 localhost loghost -136.152.64.181 silvia.HIP.Berkeley.EDU silvia.HIP silvia - -136.152.64.1 inr-3.Berkeley.EDU inr-3 slip-gateway -128.32.136.9 ns1.Berkeley.edu ns1 -128.32.136.12 ns2.Berkeley.edu ns2 - - By the way, silvia is the name of the car that I had when I was - back in Japan (it's called 2?0SX here in U.S.). - -(2) Make sure you have "hosts" before "bind" in your /etc/host.conf. - Otherwise, funny things may happen. - -(3) Edit the /etc/netstart and add this to the end of the file: - -# set up slip -gateway=slip-gateway -ifconfig sl0 inet $hostname $gateway netmask 0xffffff00 -route add default $gateway - - Note that because of the "slip-gateway" entry in /etc/hosts, there - is no local dependency in the netstart file. Also, you might want - to un-comment the "route add $hostname localhost" line. - -(3') Make a file /etc/resolv.conf which contains: - -domain HIP.Berkeley.EDU -nameserver 128.32.136.9 -nameserver 128.32.136.12 - - As you can see, these set up the nameserver hosts. Of course, the - actual addresses depend on your environment. - -(4) Set the password for root and toor (and any other accounts that - doesn't have a password). Use passwd, don't edit the passwd or - passwd.master files! - -(5) Edit /etc/myname and reboot the machine. - -How to set up the connection: - -(6) Dial up, type "slip" at the prompt, enter your machine name and - password. The things you need to enter depends on your - environment. I use kermit, with a script like this: - -# kermit setup -set modem hayes -set line /dev/cua01 -set speed 57600 -set parity none -set flow rts/cts -set terminal bytesize 8 -set file type binary -# The next macro will dial up and login -define slip dial 643-9600, input 10 =>, if failure stop, - -output slip\x0d, input 10 Username:, if failure stop, - -output silvia\x0d, input 10 Password:, if failure stop, - -output ***\x0d, echo \x0aCONNECTED\x0a - - (of course, you have to change the hostname and password to fit - yours). Then you can just type "slip" from the kermit prompt to - get connected. - - Note: leaving your password in plain text anywhere in the - filesystem is generally a BAD idea. Do it at your own risk. I'm - just too lazy. - - Note: If you have an 1.1 machine, and kermit doesn't give you a - prompt, try "stty -f /dev/tty01 clocal". I put this in - /etc/rc.local so that it works the first time I boot the machine. - This doesn't apply to 1.1.5(.1) systems, as cua0? are already - configured for dialouts. - -(7) Leave the kermit there (you can suspend it by "z") and as root, - type - -slattach -h -c -s 57600 /dev/cua01 - - if you are able to "ping" hosts on campus, you are connected! - - If it doesn't work, you might want to try "-a" instead of "-c". - -(8) Happy slipping! - -How to shutdown the connection: - -(9) Type "ps gx" (as root) to find out the PID of slattach, and use - "kill -INT" to kill it. - - Then go back to kermit ("fg" if you suspended it) and exit from it - ("q"). - - The slattach man page says you have to use "ifconfig sl0 down" to - mark the interface down, but this doesn't seem to make any - difference for me. ("ifconfig sl0" reports the same thing.) - - Some times, your modem might refuse to drop the carrier (mine - often does). In that case, simply start kermit and quit it again. - It usually goes out on the second try. - - When you want to connect again, go back to (6). You may have to - watch out for clocal mode. If "stty -f /dev/tty01" doesn't tell - you it's clocal, you need to re-set it before kermitting. Again, - this is only for 1.1 machines. - -TROUBLESHOOTING: - -If it doesn't work, feel free to ask me. The things that people -tripped over so far: - -* Not using "-c" or "-a" in slattach (I have no idea why this can be - fatal, but adding this flag solved the problem for at least one - person) - -* Using "s10" instead of "sl0" (might be hard to see the difference on - some fonts :) - -Try "ifconfig sl0" to see your interface status. I get: - -silvia# ifconfig sl0 -sl0: flags=10<POINTOPOINT> - inet 136.152.64.181 --> 136.152.64.1 netmask ffffff00 - -Also, "netstat -r" will give the routing table, in case you get the -"no route to host" messages from ping. Mine looks like: - -silvia# netstat -r -Routing tables -Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use IfaceMTU Rtt -Netmasks: -(root node) -(root node) - -Route Tree for Protocol Family inet: -(root node) => -default inr-3.Berkeley.EDU UG 8 224515 sl0 - - -localhost.Berkel localhost.Berkeley UH 5 42127 lo0 - 0.438 -inr-3.Berkeley.E silvia.HIP.Berkele UH 1 0 sl0 - - -silvia.HIP.Berke localhost.Berkeley UGH 34 47641234 lo0 - 0.438 -(root node) - -(this is after transferring a bunch of files, your numbers should be -smaller). diff --git a/share/FAQ/slip.FAQ b/share/FAQ/slip.FAQ deleted file mode 100644 index f05e9be..0000000 --- a/share/FAQ/slip.FAQ +++ /dev/null @@ -1,192 +0,0 @@ -*********************************************************************** -*** How to Set Up SLIP on FreeBSD *** -*********************************************************************** - -$Id$ - -Updated for 1.1.5(.1) support by Satoshi Asami, 8/6/94. - -The following is I (asami) set up my FreeBSD machine for SLIP on a -static host network. For dynamic hostname assignments (i.e., your -address changes each time you dial up), you probably need to do -something much fancier. - -This is just "what I did, and it worked for me". I'm sharing this -just for your reference, I'm no expert in SLIP nor networking so your -mileage may vary. - -Note: for 1.1 systems (not 1.1.5), you need to use /dev/tty01 instead -of /dev/cua01. substitute all the occurences of "cua" in this document -with "tty". - -Note: the default 1.1.5(.1) system only comes with cua/ttyd pairs for -the last two ports (2 and 3), so if your modem is at sio0/sio1 -(COM1/COM2), you need to make the devices. Try "cd /dev; sh MAKEDEV -cua01" to make the new special files for sio1 (ditto for sio0). This -will delete tty01, but you shouldn't need it anymore...or you can make -a symbolic link /dev/tty01 -> ttyd1 if you don't want to hunt down all -occurences of tty01 in your setup files. - -I actually have a symbolic link /dev/modem -> cua01 (and /dev/mouse -> -ttyd0). I use only the modem/mouse names in my configuration files. -This helped a lot when I switched from 1.1 to 1.1.5.1 (tty01 => cua01) -and when I had to move my modem temporarily to sio2 to enable the -RS-232C port on the serial card. It can become quite cumbersome when -you need to fix a bunch of files in /etc and .kermrc's all over the -system! - -First, make sure you have - -pseudo-device sl 2 - -in your kernel's config file. It is included in the GENERIC, GENERICAH -and GENERICBT kernels, so this won't be a problem unless you deleted it. - -Things you have to do only once: - -(1) Add your home machine, the gateway and nameservers to your - /etc/hosts file. Mine looks like this: - -127.0.0.1 localhost loghost -136.152.64.181 silvia.HIP.Berkeley.EDU silvia.HIP silvia - -136.152.64.1 inr-3.Berkeley.EDU inr-3 slip-gateway -128.32.136.9 ns1.Berkeley.edu ns1 -128.32.136.12 ns2.Berkeley.edu ns2 - - By the way, silvia is the name of the car that I had when I was - back in Japan (it's called 2?0SX here in U.S.). - -(2) Make sure you have "hosts" before "bind" in your /etc/host.conf. - Otherwise, funny things may happen. - -(3) Edit the /etc/netstart and add this to the end of the file: - -# set up slip -gateway=slip-gateway -ifconfig sl0 inet $hostname $gateway netmask 0xffffff00 -route add default $gateway - - Note that because of the "slip-gateway" entry in /etc/hosts, there - is no local dependency in the netstart file. Also, you might want - to un-comment the "route add $hostname localhost" line. - -(3') Make a file /etc/resolv.conf which contains: - -domain HIP.Berkeley.EDU -nameserver 128.32.136.9 -nameserver 128.32.136.12 - - As you can see, these set up the nameserver hosts. Of course, the - actual addresses depend on your environment. - -(4) Set the password for root and toor (and any other accounts that - doesn't have a password). Use passwd, don't edit the passwd or - passwd.master files! - -(5) Edit /etc/myname and reboot the machine. - -How to set up the connection: - -(6) Dial up, type "slip" at the prompt, enter your machine name and - password. The things you need to enter depends on your - environment. I use kermit, with a script like this: - -# kermit setup -set modem hayes -set line /dev/cua01 -set speed 57600 -set parity none -set flow rts/cts -set terminal bytesize 8 -set file type binary -# The next macro will dial up and login -define slip dial 643-9600, input 10 =>, if failure stop, - -output slip\x0d, input 10 Username:, if failure stop, - -output silvia\x0d, input 10 Password:, if failure stop, - -output ***\x0d, echo \x0aCONNECTED\x0a - - (of course, you have to change the hostname and password to fit - yours). Then you can just type "slip" from the kermit prompt to - get connected. - - Note: leaving your password in plain text anywhere in the - filesystem is generally a BAD idea. Do it at your own risk. I'm - just too lazy. - - Note: If you have an 1.1 machine, and kermit doesn't give you a - prompt, try "stty -f /dev/tty01 clocal". I put this in - /etc/rc.local so that it works the first time I boot the machine. - This doesn't apply to 1.1.5(.1) systems, as cua0? are already - configured for dialouts. - -(7) Leave the kermit there (you can suspend it by "z") and as root, - type - -slattach -h -c -s 57600 /dev/cua01 - - if you are able to "ping" hosts on campus, you are connected! - - If it doesn't work, you might want to try "-a" instead of "-c". - -(8) Happy slipping! - -How to shutdown the connection: - -(9) Type "ps gx" (as root) to find out the PID of slattach, and use - "kill -INT" to kill it. - - Then go back to kermit ("fg" if you suspended it) and exit from it - ("q"). - - The slattach man page says you have to use "ifconfig sl0 down" to - mark the interface down, but this doesn't seem to make any - difference for me. ("ifconfig sl0" reports the same thing.) - - Some times, your modem might refuse to drop the carrier (mine - often does). In that case, simply start kermit and quit it again. - It usually goes out on the second try. - - When you want to connect again, go back to (6). You may have to - watch out for clocal mode. If "stty -f /dev/tty01" doesn't tell - you it's clocal, you need to re-set it before kermitting. Again, - this is only for 1.1 machines. - -TROUBLESHOOTING: - -If it doesn't work, feel free to ask me. The things that people -tripped over so far: - -* Not using "-c" or "-a" in slattach (I have no idea why this can be - fatal, but adding this flag solved the problem for at least one - person) - -* Using "s10" instead of "sl0" (might be hard to see the difference on - some fonts :) - -Try "ifconfig sl0" to see your interface status. I get: - -silvia# ifconfig sl0 -sl0: flags=10<POINTOPOINT> - inet 136.152.64.181 --> 136.152.64.1 netmask ffffff00 - -Also, "netstat -r" will give the routing table, in case you get the -"no route to host" messages from ping. Mine looks like: - -silvia# netstat -r -Routing tables -Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use IfaceMTU Rtt -Netmasks: -(root node) -(root node) - -Route Tree for Protocol Family inet: -(root node) => -default inr-3.Berkeley.EDU UG 8 224515 sl0 - - -localhost.Berkel localhost.Berkeley UH 5 42127 lo0 - 0.438 -inr-3.Berkeley.E silvia.HIP.Berkele UH 1 0 sl0 - - -silvia.HIP.Berke localhost.Berkeley UGH 34 47641234 lo0 - 0.438 -(root node) - -(this is after transferring a bunch of files, your numbers should be -smaller). diff --git a/share/FAQ/slip_server.FAQ b/share/FAQ/slip_server.FAQ deleted file mode 100644 index ee6676b..0000000 --- a/share/FAQ/slip_server.FAQ +++ /dev/null @@ -1,433 +0,0 @@ - Slip Server - FAQ - For - FreeBSD - -$Id$ - -Help for setting up SLIP Server services on a FreeBSD system ------------------------------------------------------------- - -Written by Guy Helmer (ghelmer@alpha.dsu.edu) -Last Updated December 13, 1994 - -This document provides suggestions for setting up SLIP Server services -on a FreeBSD system, which typically means configuring your system to -automatically startup connections upon login for remote SLIP clients. -I've written this document based on my own experience; however, as -your system and needs may be different, this document may not answer -all of your questions, and I cannot be responsible if you damage your -system or lose data due to attempting to follow the suggestions here. - -I have only setup SLIP Server services on a FreeBSD 1.1 system, so if -you are running a different version (such as FreeBSD 2.0), your system -may be different. I've decided to write this document since I've -recently been asked for the umpteenth time how to setup a FreeBSD -machine as a SLIP server :-) - - -1. Prerequisites ----------------- - -This document is very technical in nature, so background knowledge is -required. I must assume that you are familiar with the TCP/IP network -protocol, and in particular, network and node addressing, network -address masks, subnetting, routing, and routing protocols, such as -RIP. Configuring SLIP services on a dial-up server requires a -knowledge of these concepts, and if you are not familiar with them, -please read a copy of either Craig Hunt's "TCP/IP Network -Administration" published by O'Reilly & Associates, Inc. (ISBN Number -0-937175-82-X), or Douglas Comer's book on the TCP/IP protocol. - -I will assume that you have already setup your modem(s) and configured -the appropriate system files to allow logins through your modems (see -the manual pages for sio(4) for information on the serial port device -driver and ttys(5), gettytab(5), getty(8), & init(8) for information -relevant to configuring the system to accept logins on modems, and -perhaps stty(1) for information on setting serial port parameters -[such as "clocal" for directly-connected serial interfaces]). - -2. Quick Overview ------------------ - -In its typical configuration, using FreeBSD as a SLIP server works as -follows: a SLIP user dials up your FreeBSD SLIP Server system and logs -in with a special SLIP login ID that uses "/usr/sbin/sliplogin" as the -special user's shell. The "sliplogin" program browses the file -"/etc/slip.hosts" to find a matching line for the special user, and if -it finds a match, connects the serial line to an available SLIP -interface and then runs /etc/slip.login to configure the SLIP -interface. - -2.1 An Example of a SLIP Server Login -------------------------------------- - -For example, if my SLIP user ID were "Shelmerg", that user's entry in -/etc/master.passwd would look something like this (except it would be -all on one line): - -Shelmerg:password:1964:89::0:0:Guy Helmer - SLIP: - /usr/users/Shelmerg:/usr/sbin/sliplogin - -and, when I log in with that user ID, "sliplogin" will search -/etc/slip.hosts for a line that had a matching user ID; on my system, -I may have a line in /etc/slip.hosts that reads: - -Shelmerg dc-slip sl-helmer 0xfffffc00 autocomp - -sliplogin will find that matching line, hook the serial line I'm on -into the next available SLIP interface, and then execute -/etc/slip.login like this: - -/etc/slip.login 0 19200 Shelmerg dc-slip sl-helmer 0xfffffc00 autocomp - -If all goes well, /etc/slip.login will issue an "ifconfig" for the -SLIP interface to which sliplogin attached itself (slip interface 0, -in the above example, which was the first parameter in the list given -to slip.login) to set the local IP address (dc-slip), remote IP -address (sl-helmer), network mask for the SLIP interface (0xfffffc00), -and any additional flags (autocomp). If something goes wrong, -sliplogin usually logs good informational messages via the daemon -syslog facility, which usually goes into /var/log/messages (see the -manual pages for syslogd(8) and syslog.conf(5), and perhaps check -/etc/syslog.conf to see to which files syslogd is logging). - -OK, enough of the examples -- let's dive into setting up the system. - -3. Kernel Configuration ------------------------ - -FreeBSD's default kernels usually come with two SLIP interfaces -defined (sl0 and sl1); you can use "netstat -i" to see whether these -interfaces are defined in your kernel. - -Sample output from "netstat -i": -Name Mtu Network Address Ipkts Ierrs Opkts Oerrs Coll -ed0 1500 <Link>0.0.c0.2c.5f.4a 291311 0 174209 0 133 -ed0 1500 138.247.224 ivory 291311 0 174209 0 133 -lo0 65535 <Link> 79 0 79 0 0 -lo0 65535 loop localhost 79 0 79 0 0 -sl0* 296 <Link> 0 0 0 0 0 -sl1* 296 <Link> 0 0 0 0 0 - -The sl0 and sl1 interfaces shown in "netstat -i"'s output indicate -that there are two SLIP interfaces built into the kernel. (The -asterisks after the "sl0" and "sl1" indicate that the interfaces are -"down".) - -However, FreeBSD's default kernels do not come configured to forward -packets (ie, your FreeBSD machine will not act as a router) due to -Internet RFC requirements for Internet hosts (see RFC's 1009 -[Requirements for Internet Gateways], 1122 [Requirements for Internet -Hosts -- Communication Layers], and perhaps 1127 [A Perspective on the -Host Requirements RFCs]), so if you want your FreeBSD SLIP Server to -act as a router, you'll have to add the line "options GATEWAY" to your -machine's kernel configuration file and re-compile the kernel anyway. -(Trivia: "Gateways" are the Internet's old name for what are now -usually called "routers".) - -Please see the BSD System Manager's Manual chapter on "Building -Berkeley Kernels with Config" [the source for which is in -/usr/src/share/doc/smm] and the "FreeBSD Configuration Options" [in -/sys/doc/options.doc] for more information on configuring and building -kernels. You may have to unpack the kernel source distribution if -haven't installed the system sources already (srcdist/srcsys.?? in -FreeBSD 1.1, srcdist/sys.?? in FreeBSD 1.1.5.1, or the entire source -distribution in FreeBSD 2.0-RELEASE) to be able to configure and build -kernels. - -You'll notice that near the end of the default kernel configuration -file (/sys/i386/conf/GENERICAH) is a line that reads: - -pseudo-device sl 2 - -which is the line that defines the number of SLIP devices available in -the kernel; the number at the end of the line is the maximum number of -SLIP connections that may be operating simultaneously. - -See the "Building Berkeley Kernels with Config" and the manual page -for config(8) to see how to configure and build kernels. - -4. Sliplogin Configuration --------------------------- - -As mentioned earlier, there are three files in the /etc directory that -are part of the configuration for /usr/sbin/sliplogin (see -sliplogin(8) for the actual manual page for sliplogin): slip.hosts, -which lists the SLIP users & their associated IP addresses; -slip.login, which usually just configures the SLIP interface; and -slip.logout, which undoes slip.login's effects when the serial -connection is terminated. - -4.1 slip.hosts Configuration & Local and Remote Address Selection ------------------------------------------------------------------ - -/etc/slip.hosts contains lines which have at least four items listed: -a SLIP user's login ID, the local address (local to the SLIP server) -of the SLIP link, the remote address of the SLIP link, and the network -mask. The local and remote addresses may be host names (given in -/etc/hosts or by the domain name service, depending on your -specifications in /etc/host.conf), and I believe the network mask may -be a name that can be resolved by a lookup into /etc/networks. On one -of my systems, /etc/slip.hosts looks like this: - ------ begin /etc/slip.hosts ----- -# -# login local-addr remote-addr mask opt1 opt2 -# (normal,compress,noicmp) -# -Shelmerg dc-slip sl-helmerg 0xfffffc00 autocomp ------ end /etc/slip.hosts ------ - -At the end of the line is one or more of the options: - - "normal" - no header compression - "compress" - compress headers - "autocomp" - compress headers if the remote end allows it - "noicmp" - disable ICMP packets (so any "ping" packets won't use up - any of your bandwidth) - -Your choice of local and remote addresses for your SLIP links depends -on whether you are going to dedicate a TCP/IP subnet or if you are -going to use "proxy ARP" on your SLIP server (it's not "true" proxy -ARP, but that is the terminology that I will use in this document to -describe it). If you're not sure which method to select or how to -assign IP addresses, please refer to the TCP/IP books referenced in -the "Prerequisites" section and/or consult your IP network manager. - -If you are going to use a separate subnet for your SLIP clients, you -will need to allocate the subnet number out of your assigned IP -network number and assign each of your SLIP client's IP numbers out of -that subnet; then you will probably either need to configure a static -route to the SLIP subnet via your SLIP server on your nearest IP -router, or install "gated" on your FreeBSD SLIP server and configure -it to talk the appropriate routing protocols to your other routers to -inform them about your SLIP server's route to the SLIP subnet. - -Otherwise, if you will use the "proxy ARP" method, you will need to -assign your SLIP client's IP addresses out of your SLIP server's -Ethernet subnet, and you'll also need to adjust your /etc/slip.login -and /etc/slip.logout scripts to use arp(8) to manage the proxy-ARP -entries in the SLIP server's ARP table. - -4.2 slip.login Configuration ----------------------------- - -The typical /etc/slip.login file looks like this: - ------ begin /etc/slip.login ----- -#!/bin/sh - -# -# @(#)slip.login 5.1 (Berkeley) 7/1/90 - -# -# generic login file for a slip line. sliplogin invokes this with -# the parameters: -# 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-n -# slipunit ttyspeed loginname local-addr remote-addr mask opt-args -# -/sbin/ifconfig sl$1 inet $4 $5 netmask $6 ------ end /etc/slip.login ----- - -This slip.login file merely ifconfig's the appropriate SLIP interface -with the local and remote addresses and network mask of the SLIP -interface. - -If you have decided to use the "proxy ARP" method (instead of using a -separate subnet for your SLIP clients), your /etc/slip.login file will -need to look something like this: - ------ begin /etc/slip.login for "proxy ARP" ----- -#!/bin/sh - -# -# @(#)slip.login 5.1 (Berkeley) 7/1/90 - -# -# generic login file for a slip line. sliplogin invokes this with -# the parameters: -# 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-n -# slipunit ttyspeed loginname local-addr remote-addr mask opt-args -# -/sbin/ifconfig sl$1 inet $4 $5 netmask $6 -# Answer ARP requests for the SLIP client with our Ethernet addr -/usr/sbin/arp -s $5 00:11:22:33:44:55 pub ------ end /etc/slip.login for "proxy ARP" ----- - -The additional line in this slip.login, "arp -s...", creates an ARP -entry in the SLIP server's ARP table which asks the system to give out -the SLIP server's Ethernet MAC address whenever a another system or -router on the Ethernet asks to speak to the SLIP client's IP address. - -When using the example above, be sure to replace the Ethernet MAC -address (00:11:22:33:44:55) with the MAC address of your system's -Ethernet card, or your "proxy ARP" will definitely not work! You can -discover your SLIP server's Ethernet MAC address by looking at the -results of running "netstat -i"; the second line of the output should -look something like: - -ed0 1500 <Link>0.2.c1.28.5f.4a 191923 0 129457 0 116 - ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ - -which indicates that this particular system's Ethernet MAC address is -"00:02:c1:28:5f:4a" -- the periods in the Ethernet MAC address given -by "netstat -i" must be changed to colons and leading zeros should be -added to each single-digit hexadecimal number to convert the address -into the form that arp(8) desires; see the manual page on arp(8) for -complete information on usage. - -Note that when you create /etc/slip.login and /etc/slip.logout, the -"execute" bit ("chmod 755 /etc/slip.login /etc/slip.logout") must be -set, or sliplogin will be unable to execute it. - -4.3 slip.logout Configuration ------------------------------ - -"/etc/slip.logout" isn't strictly needed, but if you decide to create -it, this is an example of a basic slip.logout script: - ------ begin /etc/slip.logout ----- -#!/bin/sh - -# -# slip.logout - -# -# logout file for a slip line. sliplogin invokes this with -# the parameters: -# 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-n -# slipunit ttyspeed loginname local-addr remote-addr mask opt-args -# -/sbin/ifconfig sl$1 down ------ end /etc/slip.logout ----- - -If you are using "proxy ARP", you'll want to have /etc/slip.logout -remove the ARP entry for the SLIP client: - ------ begin /etc/slip.logout for "proxy ARP" ----- -#!/bin/sh - -# -# @(#)slip.logout - -# -# logout file for a slip line. sliplogin invokes this with -# the parameters: -# 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-n -# slipunit ttyspeed loginname local-addr remote-addr mask opt-args -# -/sbin/ifconfig sl$1 down -# Quit answering ARP requests for the SLIP client -/usr/sbin/arp -d $5 ------ end /etc/slip.logout for "proxy ARP" ----- - -The "arp -d $5" removes the ARP entry that the "proxy ARP" slip.login -added when the SLIP client logged in. - -It bears repeating: make sure /etc/slip.logout has the execute bit set -for after you create it (e.g., "chmod 755 /etc/slip.logout"). - -5. Routing Considerations -------------------------- - -If you are not using the "proxy ARP" method for routing packets -between your SLIP clients and the rest of your network (and perhaps -the Internet), you will probably either have to add static routes to -your closest default router(s) to route your SLIP client subnet via -your SLIP server, or you will probably need to install and configure -gated on your FreeBSD SLIP server so that it will tell your routers -via appropriate routing protocols about your SLIP subnet. - -5.1 Static Routes ------------------ - -Adding static routes to your nearest default routers can be -troublesome (or impossible, if you don't have authority to do so...). -If you have a multiple-router network in your organization, some -routers, such as Cisco and Proteon, may not only need to be configured -with the static route to the SLIP subnet, but also need to be told -which static routes to tell other routers about, so some expertise and -troubleshooting/tweaking may be necessary to get static-route-based -routing to work... - -5.2 Running gated ------------------ - -An alternative to the headaches of static routes is to install gated -on your FreeBSD SLIP server and configure it to use the appropriate -routing protocols (RIP/OSPF/BGP/EGP) to tell other routers about your -SLIP subnet. gated is available from ftp.gated.cornell.edu in -/pub/gated; I believe the current version as of this writing is -"gated-R3_5Alpha_8.tar.Z", which should include support for FreeBSD -"out-of-the-box". Compile and install it, and then write a -/etc/gated.conf file to configure your gated; here's a sample, similar -to what I use on my FreeBSD SLIP server: - ------ begin sample /etc/gated.conf for gated version 3.5Alpha5 ----- -# -# gated configuration file for dc.dsu.edu; for gated version 3.5alpha5 -# Only broadcast RIP information for xxx.xxx.yy out the ed Ethernet interface -# -# -# tracing options -# -traceoptions "/var/tmp/gated.output" replace size 100k files 2 general ; - -rip yes { - interface sl noripout noripin ; - interface ed ripin ripout version 1 ; - traceoptions route ; -} ; - -# -# Turn on a bunch of tracing info for the interface to the kernel: -kernel { - traceoptions remnants request routes info interface ; -} ; - -# -# Propagate the route to xxx.xxx.yy out the Ethernet interface via RIP -# - -export proto rip interface ed { - proto direct { - xxx.xxx.yy mask 255.255.252.0 metric 1; # SLIP connections - } ; -} ; - -# -# Accept routes from RIP via ed Ethernet interfaces - -import proto rip interface ed { - all ; -} ; - ------ end sample /etc/gated.conf ----- - -The above sample gated.conf file broadcasts routing information -regarding the SLIP subnet "xxx.xxx.yy" via RIP onto the Ethernet; if -you are using a different Ethernet driver than the "ed" driver, you'll -need to change the references to the "ed" interface appropriately. -This sample file also sets up tracing to /var/tmp/gated.output for -debugging gated; you can certainly turn off the tracing options if -gated works OK for you. I've changed my SLIP subnet's address to -"xxx.xxx.yy" throughout the above file; you'll need to change the -"xxx.xxx.yy"'s into the network address of your own SLIP subnet (be -sure to change the net mask in the "proto direct" clause as well). -Complete gated configuration information may be read through the Web -at "http://www.gated.cornell.edu/". - -When you get gated built and installed, and create a configuration -file for it, you'll need to run gated in place of routed on your -FreeBSD system; change the routed/gated startup parameters in -/etc/netstart as appropriate for your system. Please see the manual -page for gated for information on gated's command-line parameters. - -6. Acknowledgements -------------------- - -Thanks to these people for comments and advice regarding this FAQ: - - Wilko Bulte <wilko@yedi.iaf.nl> - Piero Serini <Piero@Strider.Inet.IT> - -<<< END OF SLIP SERVER FAQ >>> - - diff --git a/share/FAQ/standard-supfile b/share/FAQ/standard-supfile deleted file mode 100644 index 6856d4c..0000000 --- a/share/FAQ/standard-supfile +++ /dev/null @@ -1,14 +0,0 @@ -base release=current host=FreeBSD.ORG hostbase=/home base=/usr prefix=/usr/src delete old -bin release=current host=FreeBSD.ORG hostbase=/home base=/usr prefix=/usr/src delete old -etc release=current host=FreeBSD.ORG hostbase=/home base=/usr prefix=/usr/src delete old -games release=current host=FreeBSD.ORG hostbase=/home base=/usr prefix=/usr/src delete old -gnu release=current host=FreeBSD.ORG hostbase=/home base=/usr prefix=/usr/src delete old -include release=current host=FreeBSD.ORG hostbase=/home base=/usr prefix=/usr/src delete old -sys release=current host=FreeBSD.ORG hostbase=/home base=/usr prefix=/usr/src delete old -lib release=current host=FreeBSD.ORG hostbase=/home base=/usr prefix=/usr/src delete old -libexec release=current host=FreeBSD.ORG hostbase=/home base=/usr prefix=/usr/src delete old -sbin release=current host=FreeBSD.ORG hostbase=/home base=/usr prefix=/usr/src delete old -#secure release=current host=FreeBSD.ORG hostbase=/home base=/usr prefix=/usr/src delete old -share release=current host=FreeBSD.ORG hostbase=/home base=/usr prefix=/usr/src delete old -usrbin release=current host=FreeBSD.ORG hostbase=/home base=/usr prefix=/usr/src delete old -usrsbin release=current host=FreeBSD.ORG hostbase=/home base=/usr prefix=/usr/src delete old diff --git a/share/FAQ/submitters.FAQ b/share/FAQ/submitters.FAQ deleted file mode 100644 index 69a79f3..0000000 --- a/share/FAQ/submitters.FAQ +++ /dev/null @@ -1,167 +0,0 @@ --- A submitter's guide to FreeBSD -- - -This guide is intended for those who are moderately familar with FreeBSD -and are now to the point where they have some locally developed -customizations or fixes to the system which they'd like to incorporate -back into the mainstream sources, thus saving the work of having to -re-integrate the changes for each subsequent FreeBSD release. Submitting -something to the FreeBSD project is also an excellent way of getting your -code seriously *tested*! Many people have developed an original concept -far beyond what they might have envisioned at the start just due to the -flood of feedback and ideas generated by the many thousands of users of -FreeBSD. Contributions are also what FreeBSD lives and grows from, -and so your contributions are very important to the continued survival -of this communal effort of ours - we're very glad to see you reading this -documentation! :-) - -Submissions to FreeBSD can generally be classified into four catagories: - -1. Ideas, general suggestions, bug reports. -2. Addition, deletion, renaming or patching of existing sources. -3. Significant contribution of a large body of independant work. -4. Porting of freely available software. - -A submission in *any* of these catagories is highly welcomed as they -are each, in their own way, quite significant to the project. - - -1. An idea, suggestion or fix can be communicated in one of the following ways: - - o An idea or suggestion of general technical interest should be - mailed to <hackers@freebsd.org>. Likewise, people with an interest - in such things (and a tolerance for a HIGH volume of mail!) may - subscribe by sendimg mail to <majordomo@freebsd.org>. See also the - file /usr/share/FAQ/mailing-list.FAQ. - - o An actual bug report should be filed by using the send-pr(1) - command (``man send-pr'' for information). This will prompt - you for various fields to fill in. Simply go to the fields - surrounded by <>'s and fill in your own information in place of - what's suggested there. You should receive confirmation of your - bug report and a tracking number (which you should also reference in - any subsequent correspondence). - - If you do not receive confirmation in a timely fashion (3 days to - a week, depending on your email connection) or are, for some - reason, unable to use the send-pr command, then you may also - file a bug report (or follow-up to one) by sending mail to: - - <bugs@freebsd.org> - - -2. An addition or change to the existing source code is a somewhat trickier - affair and depends a lot on how far out of date you are with the current - state of the core FreeBSD development. There is a special on-going release - of FreeBSD known as "FreeBSD-current" and made available in a variety of - ways (see /usr/share/FAQ/current-policy.FAQ and /usr/share/FAQ/ctm.FAQ) for - the convenience of developers who wish to actively work on the system. - - Working from older sources unfortunately means that your changes may - sometimes be too obsolete to use, or too divergent to allow for easy - re-integration. This can be minimized somewhat by subscribing to the - <announce@freebsd.org> mailing list (among others) where periodic - announcements concerning the current state of the system are made. - If you see a change being proposed for which you have a better solution, - then please, by all means come forward with your contribution and we - will do our very best to evaluate it fairly and perhaps integrate it if - it is indeed a better (or easier :) solution. - - Assuming that you can manage to secure fairly up-to-date sources to base - your changes on, the next step is to produce a set of diffs to send to the - FreeBSD maintainers for evaluation and possible adoption. This is done - with the diff(1) command, with the FreeBSD maintainers preferring to receive - diffs in `context diff' form. See the man page for diff for more details - on producing both context and recursive context diffs - (diff -c <oldfile> <newfile> or diff -c -r <olddir> <newdir>). - - Once you have a set of diffs that are capable of taking a copy of the - original code and bringing it to a state identical to the "new" sources - (you may test this with the patch(1) command - see patch man page), you - should bundle them up in an email message and send it, along with a brief - description of what the diffs are for, to <hackers@freebsd.org>. Someone - will very likely get back in touch with you in 24 hours or less, assuming - of course that your diffs are interesting! :-) - - If your changes don't express themselves well as diffs alone (e.g. you've - perhaps added, deleted or renamed files as well) then you may be better off - bundling any new files, diffs and instructions for deleting/renaming any - others into a tar file and running the `uuencode' program on it before - sending the output of that to <hackers@freebsd.org>. See the man pages - on tar and uuencode for more info on bundling files through the mail this - way. - - If your change is of a potentially sensitive nature, e.g. you're unsure - of copyright issues governing its further distribution, or you're simply - not ready to release it without a tighter review first, then you should - send it to <core@freebsd.org> rather than <hackers@freebsd.org>. The core - mailing list reaches a much smaller group of people who do much of the - day-to-day work on FreeBSD. Note that this group is also VERY BUSY and so - you should really only mail to them in cases where mailing to hackers - truly is impractical. - - -3. In the case of a significant contribution of a large body work, or the - addition of an important new feature to FreeBSD, it becomes almost always - necessary to either send changes as uuencoded tar files (see above) - or upload them to our ftp site: - ftp://freefall.cdrom.com/pub/FreeBSD/incoming - - Users may log in anonymously and upload their work or download the - work-in-progress files left by others. - - When working with large amounts of code, the touchy subject of copyrights - also invariably comes up. The view of the FreeBSD project towards - acceptable copyrights (for code included in FreeBSD) are: - - 3a. Contributions under the BSD copyright (see the file - /usr/share/examples/etc/bsd-style-copyright for a template) - is greatly preferred due to its "no strings attached" - nature and general attractiveness to commercial enterprises - who might then be inclined to invest something of their own - into FreeBSD. - - 3b. Contributions under the GNU Public License, or "GPL". This is - not quite as popular a solution for us, due to (all religious - issues aside) the amount of extra effort demanded of anyone - using the code for commercial purposes. However, given the - sheer quantity of GPL'd code we currently require (compiler, - assembler, text formatter, etc), it would be silly to pretend - that we couldn't deal with the GPL at all and so we have become - more willing to accept code with either the BSD or the GPL - copyright. Code under the GPL also goes into a different part - of the tree, that being /sys/gnu or /usr/src/gnu. - - 3c. Contributions coming under any other type of copyright must be - carefully reviewed before their inclusion into FreeBSD will even - be considered. Contributions for which particularly restrictive - commercial copyrights apply are generally rejected, though the - authors are always free to make the changes available through - their own channels. - - -4. The porting of freely available software, while perhaps not as gratifying - as developing your own package from scratch, is still a vital part of - FreeBSD's growth and of great usefulness to those who wouldn't otherwise - know where to turn for it. All ported software is organized into a - hierarchy know as ``the ports collection''. This collection enables - a new user to get a complete overview of what's available in a short time, - and with a logical (we hope) framework. The ports collection also saves - considerable space by not actually containing the the majority of the - sources being ported. This can be confusing to the new user and the file - /usr/share/FAQ/ports.FAQ goes some way towards explaing how it all works. - - If you have the ports collection on your machine, the file - /usr/ports/GUIDELINES also helps to explain the process of creating - and contributing a port of your own. For more information on the ports - collection (that wasn't available in the FAQ), you may also send mail to - <ports@freebsd.org>. - - -Whichever way you decide to contribute, we hope you'll find it an enjoyable -process and also realize how valuable your contributions are to the project! -FreeBSD is one of those great projects where the more we all put in, the -more we all get back out of it again, and with enough steady contributions -it begins to aquire a momentum of its own. It is through such momentum -that mountains are moved! :-) - - Jordan diff --git a/share/FAQ/sup.FAQ b/share/FAQ/sup.FAQ deleted file mode 100644 index c543fa0..0000000 --- a/share/FAQ/sup.FAQ +++ /dev/null @@ -1,90 +0,0 @@ - FreeBSD - Sup FAQ - -$Id: sup.FAQ,v 1.3 1995/01/03 15:54:07 gclarkii Exp $ - - SUP is a network based software update tool developed at CMU. The -purpose of this document is get the beginner up and running with sup. - - First off you will need to pick up the sup binaries. The easiest -way of doing this is to grab the sup.tgz package from: - - ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.ORG:/pub/FreeBSD/packages/sup.tgz - -Install the sup package using pkg_add and add the following line to -your /etc/services file: - - sup 871/tcp #sup - -SUP gets the information it needs to run from a configuration file -called a supfile. This file tells sup what collections it will be updating -and/or installing and where they go. The supfile in this directory will -sup both the source and ports collection - look for the blank line seperating -the two collections; if you don't want ports, you can simply delete all the -ports entries. If you're inside the United States, you may also uncomment -the `secure' collection line to grab the DES code. If you're outside the -U.S., you should NOT sup this code from FreeBSD.ORG as this will -violate U.S. export restrictions. Simply sup everything *but* the secure -collection and then go look on "braae.ru.ac.za", where it's available for -anonymous ftp for those outside the U.S. - -Any other distributions you do not wish to receive can be commented out -with a # at the begining of the distribution line. - -Once this is setup, you're ready to go. To start sup type: - - sup supfile - -If you wish to see what sup is doing "verbosely", give it the -v option, -like so: - - sup -v supfile - -Thats all there is to it! Remember that if you're running current, -which is what you will have if you sup, please join the freebsd-current -mailing list. You should also be sure to read: - - ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.ORG:/pub/FreeBSD/FAQ/current-policy.FAQ - -For important information on just what we can and cannot do for you as -a -current user. - -Gary Clark II / Jordan Hubbard -FreeBSD maintainance persons. - ----- - -Description of FreeBSD SUP distributions: - -base: /usr/src/... misc files at the top of /usr/src -bin: /usr/src/bin system binaries -secure: /usr/src/secure DES Sources. U.S./Canada only! -etc: /usr/src/etc system files -games: /usr/src/games games -gnu: /usr/src/gnu sources under the GNU Public License -include: /usr/src/include include files -sys: /usr/src/sys kernel sources -lib: /usr/src/lib libraries -libexec: /usr/src/libexec more system binaries -share: /usr/src/share various shared resources -sbin: /usr/src/sbin even more system binaries -usrbin: /usr/src/usr.bin user binaries -usrsbin: /usr/src/usr.sbin that's it for the system binaries - -Ports: - -ports-base: /usr/ports/... misc files at the top of /usr/ports -ports-editors: /usr/ports/editors text editors -ports-game: /usr/ports/games games -ports-lang: /usr/ports/lang programming languages -ports-mail: /usr/ports/mail mail software -ports-math: /usr/ports/math math software -ports-net: /usr/ports/net networking software -ports-news: /usr/ports/news USENET news software -ports-print: /usr/ports/print printing software -ports-shells: /usr/ports/shells various UN*X shells -ports-utils: /usr/ports/utils miscellaneous utilities -ports-x11: /usr/ports/x11 X11 software - - - diff --git a/share/FAQ/systems.FAQ b/share/FAQ/systems.FAQ deleted file mode 100644 index dd0ac4f..0000000 --- a/share/FAQ/systems.FAQ +++ /dev/null @@ -1,59 +0,0 @@ - - Systems FAQ - for FreeBSD 2.0 - -This FAQ lists systems (and componets) known to work with FreeBSD 2.0. None -of these lists should be seen as a recomandation for a manufacture. - -$Id: systems.FAQ,v 1.1 1995/01/03 15:48:39 gclarkii Exp $ - - -i386: - - -Motherboard: Magitronics 386DX-40 -CPU: i386DX-40 -Busses: ISA and VLB (VLB not tested) -Ram: 20 Megs -Video: Generic 1MB Tseng 4000 (ISA) -Disks: - 2 - Segate ST1126 (SCSI) - 1 - Seagate ST1480 (SCSI) - 1 - Toshiba MK-234FC-C (IDE) -Controllers: - Generic IDE - Adaptec AH-1542CF - -Motherboard: Magitronics 386SX-40 -CPU: i386SX-40 -Busses: ISA -Ram: 4 Megs -Video: Monochrome -Disks: - 1-Seagate ST1126 (SCSI) -Controllers: - Future Domain 850 -Notes: Slow but useable - -i486: - -Motherboard: Gateway 2000 Handbook 486 HB486DX2-40 -CPU: i486SL DX2/40 -BUS(S): PCMCIA, one type II -Video Card: Monochrome VGA. -Are you running X on this?: no, havn't really tried. -Types of Disks (manufacture and bus): 130Mb builtin. <Areal A130 U> -If you wish to be credited: Poul-Henning Kamp phk@freefall.cdrom.com - -NOTES: -This is a 3 pound portable. Runs perfect. Suspend works great. Has one -serial and one parallel/floppy port, which can drive either a floppy or -a parallel port, but not at the same time. Builtin "EZ" mouse-thinge. -Highly recommended for people on the road. - - -Credits: - FreeBSD Core Team - Gary Clark II - Poul-Henning Kamp - diff --git a/share/FAQ/tutorials.html b/share/FAQ/tutorials.html deleted file mode 100644 index 9a260af..0000000 --- a/share/FAQ/tutorials.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,109 +0,0 @@ -<!-- $Id:$ --> - -<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC '-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//EN'> -<html> - <head> - <title>FreeBSD Tutorials</title> - </head> - <body> -<h1>FreeBSD Tutorials</h1> -<hr> - - <p>This page contains tutorials on topics that the short - answer format of the main <a - href="HTML/freebsd-faq.html">FAQ</a> cannot do justice to. - If you have a particular area of expertise, we would like - to here from you! Your contributions are not only welcome, - but often save new users from uncountable headaches. If - you've written something you think may help new users, by - all means let us know about it by sending mail to <a - href="mailto:doc@freebsd.org">doc@FreeBSD.ORG</a>. - -<h2>Installation Topics</h2> - - <ul> - - <li><a href = "Text/INSTALL">How to install a distribution.</a> - - <li><a href="Text/diskspace.FAQ">All about hard disk partitioning.</a> - - </ul> - -<h2>Networking topics</h2> - -<ul> - <li><a href="HTML/dialup.html">Setting up FreeBSD for - dialin access.</a></li> - - <li><a href="Text/slip.FAQ">Setting up FreeBSD as a SLIP - <em>client</em>.</a> - - <li><a href="HTML/slip_server.html">Setting up FreeBSD as a SLIP - <em>server</em>.</a> - - <li><a href="Text/ppp.FAQ">How to configure PPP.</a> - - <li><a href="Text/nfs.FAQ">Tips for users using NFS between - FreeBSD and workstation hardware.</a> - - <li><a href="Text/diskless.FAQ">Setting up a diskless FreeBSD - workstation.</a> - - <li><a href="LaTeX/kerberos_setup.latex">Setting up Kerberos</a> - (this is a LaTeX document) - - <li><a href="Text/UUCP_Internals.FAQ">UUCP internals</a> - - </ul> - - -<h2>FreeBSD-current topics</h2> - -<ul> - <li><a href="Text/current-policy.FAQ">What you should know about running - FreeBSD-current.</a> - - <li><a href="HTML/ctm.html">All about CTM</a>. - - <li><a href="Text/sup.FAQ">All about sup</a>. - - <li><a href="extras/ports-supfile">A sample supfile for the FreeBSD ports - collection.</a> - - <li><a href="extras/standard-supfile">A sample supfile for the - FreeBSD source tree.</a> - -</ul> - -<h2>Hardware topics</h2> - -<ul> - <li><a href="Text/systems.FAQ">Systems and configurations - on which FreeBSD is "known" to work.</a> - - <li><a href="Text/HW.TROUBLE">User feedback on finicky or broken - hardware.</a> - - <li><a href="HTML/SCSI.html">Using SCSI devices with FreeBSD</a>. - -</ul> - -<h2>Miscellaneous</h2> -<ul> - <li><a href="Text/kernel-debug.FAQ">How to debug the kernel.</a> - </li> - - <li><a href="Text/ports.FAQ">Using the FreeBSD "ports" - collection</a></li> - - <li><a href="Text/submitters.FAQ">Becoming a contributor to - the FreeBSD project</a></li> - - </ul> - - -<hr> -<a href="index.html">Return to the help page</a> - - </body> -</html> diff --git a/share/examples/etc/aliases b/share/examples/etc/aliases deleted file mode 100644 index 0b5ed72..0000000 --- a/share/examples/etc/aliases +++ /dev/null @@ -1,30 +0,0 @@ -# -# @(#)aliases 5.3 (Berkeley) 5/24/90 -# -# Aliases in this file will NOT be expanded in the header from -# Mail, but WILL be visible over networks or from /bin/mail. -# -# >>>>>>>>>> The program "newaliases" must be run after -# >> NOTE >> this file is updated for any changes to -# >>>>>>>>>> show through to sendmail. -# - -# Basic system aliases -- these MUST be present -MAILER-DAEMON: postmaster -postmaster: root - -# General redirections for pseudo accounts -bin: root -daemon: root -games: root -ingres: root -nobody: root -system: root -toor: root -uucp: root - -# Well-known aliases -- these should be filled in! -# root: -# manager: -# dumper: -# operator: diff --git a/share/examples/etc/csh.cshrc b/share/examples/etc/csh.cshrc deleted file mode 100644 index 4a3bf3f..0000000 --- a/share/examples/etc/csh.cshrc +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -# System-wide .cshrc file for csh(1). diff --git a/share/examples/etc/csh.login b/share/examples/etc/csh.login deleted file mode 100644 index 6ab227a..0000000 --- a/share/examples/etc/csh.login +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# System-wide .login file for csh(1). -# Uncomment this to give you the default 4.2 behavior, where disk -# information is shown in K-Blocks -# setenv BLOCKSIZE K -# Uncomment next lines, if you want to setup your locale (russian example) -# setenv ENABLE_STARTUP_LOCALE -# setenv LANG ru_SU.KOI8-R diff --git a/share/examples/etc/csh.logout b/share/examples/etc/csh.logout deleted file mode 100644 index f8601c0..0000000 --- a/share/examples/etc/csh.logout +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -# System-wide .logout file for csh(1). diff --git a/share/examples/etc/dm.conf b/share/examples/etc/dm.conf deleted file mode 100644 index 48c24de..0000000 --- a/share/examples/etc/dm.conf +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# -# Game Control File -# @(#)dm.conf 5.5 (Berkeley) 4/12/89 -# - -# TTYNAME -# badtty /dev/tty19 # news -# badtty /dev/tty20 # news/mail - -# DAY OF WEEK START STOP -# time Monday 7 16 # 7am to 4pm -# time Tuesday 7 16 -# time Wednesday 7 16 -# time Thursday 7 16 -# time Friday 7 16 - -# GAME MAX LOAD MAX USERS PRIORITY -# default must be the last entry for the ``game'' keyword -game default 5 * * diff --git a/share/examples/etc/fbtab b/share/examples/etc/fbtab deleted file mode 100644 index c1bf054..0000000 --- a/share/examples/etc/fbtab +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -#/dev/ttyv0 0600 /dev/console -#/dev/ttyv0 0600 /dev/pcaudio:/dev/pcaudioctl diff --git a/share/examples/etc/ftpusers b/share/examples/etc/ftpusers deleted file mode 100644 index d23c64a..0000000 --- a/share/examples/etc/ftpusers +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# list of users disallowed any ftp access. -# read by ftpd(8). -root -uucp diff --git a/share/examples/etc/gettytab b/share/examples/etc/gettytab deleted file mode 100644 index c0ac99a..0000000 --- a/share/examples/etc/gettytab +++ /dev/null @@ -1,173 +0,0 @@ -# from: @(#)gettytab 5.14 (Berkeley) 3/27/91 -# -# Most of the table entries here are just copies of the old getty table, -# it is by no means certain, or even likely, that any of them are optimal -# for any purpose whatever. Nor is it likely that more than a couple are -# even correct. -# -# The default gettytab entry, used to set defaults for all other -# entries, and in cases where getty is called with no table name -# -# cb, ce and ck are desirable on most crt's. The non-crt entries need to -# be changed to turn them off (cb@:ce@:ck@:). -# -# Parity defaults to even. There ought to be more alternative entries with -# no parity. The Pc entry already has no parity.. The different parities -# are: -# (none): same as even except -inpck instead of inpck for login. -# ep: getty will use raw mode (cs8 -parenb) (unless rw is set) and -# fake parity. login will use even parity (cs7 parenb -parodd). -# op: same as ep except odd parity (cs7 parenb parodd) for login. -# op overrides ep. -# ap: same as ep except -inpck instead of inpck for login. -# ap overrides op and ep. -# np: 1. don't fake parity in getty. The fake parity garbles -# characters on non-terminals (like pccons) that don't -# support parity. It would probably better for getty not to -# try to fake parity. It could just use cbreak mode so as -# as not to force cs8 and let the hardware handle the parity. -# login has to be rely on the hardware anyway. -# 2. set PASS8, giving cs8 -parenb -istrip -inpck. -# np:ep: same as np except inpck. -# np:op: same as np:ep except for parodd (but parodd is overridden). -# np:ap: same as np except istrip. -# -default:\ - :cb:ce:ck:fd#1000:im=\r\n FreeBSD (%h) (%t)\r\n\r\n:sp#1200: - -# -# Fixed speed entries -# -# The "std.NNN" names are known to the special case -# portselector code in getty, however they can -# be assigned to any table desired. -# The "NNN-baud" names are known to the special case -# autobaud code in getty, and likewise can -# be assigned to any table desired (hopefully the same speed). -# -a|std.110|110-baud:\ - :np:nd#1:cd#1:uc:sp#110: -b|std.134|134.5-baud:\ - :np:nd#1:cd#2:ff#1:td#1:sp#134:ht:nl: -1|std.150|150-baud:\ - :np:nd#1:cd#2:td#1:fd#1:sp#150:ht:nl:lm=\E\72\6\6\17login\72 : -c|std.300|300-baud:\ - :np:nd#1:cd#1:sp#300: -d|std.600|600-baud:\ - :np:nd#1:cd#1:sp#600: -f|std.1200|1200-baud:\ - :np:fd#1:sp#1200: -6|std.2400|2400-baud:\ - :np:sp#2400: -7|std.4800|4800-baud:\ - :np:sp#4800: -2|std.9600|9600-baud:\ - :np:sp#9600: -g|std.19200|19200-baud:\ - :np:sp#19200: -std.38400|38400-baud:\ - :np:sp#38400: -std.57600|57600-baud:\ - :np:sp#57600: -std.115200|115200-baud:\ - :np:sp#115200: - -# -# Dial in rotary tables, speed selection via 'break' -# -0|d300|Dial-300:\ - :nx=d1200:cd#2:sp#300: -d1200|Dial-1200:\ - :nx=d150:fd#1:sp#1200: -d150|Dial-150:\ - :nx=d110:lm@:tc=150-baud: -d110|Dial-110:\ - :nx=d300:tc=300-baud: - -# -# Fast dialup terminals, 2400/1200/300 rotary (can start either way) -# -D2400|d2400|Fast-Dial-2400:\ - :nx=D1200:tc=2400-baud: -3|D1200|Fast-Dial-1200:\ - :nx=D300:tc=1200-baud: -5|D300|Fast-Dial-300:\ - :nx=D2400:tc=300-baud: - -# -#telebit (19200) -# -t19200:\ - :nx=t2400:tc=19200-baud: -t2400:\ - :nx=t1200:tc=2400-baud: -t1200:\ - :nx=t19200:tc=1200-baud: - -# -#telebit (9600) -# -t9600:\ - :nx=t2400a:tc=9600-baud: -t2400a:\ - :nx=t1200a:tc=2400-baud: -t1200a:\ - :nx=t9600:tc=1200-baud: - -# -# Odd special case terminals -# --|tty33|asr33|Pity the poor user of this beast:\ - :tc=110-baud: - -4|Console|Console Decwriter II:\ - :nd@:cd@:rw:tc=300-baud: - -e|Console-1200|Console Decwriter III:\ - :fd@:nd@:cd@:rw:tc=1200-baud: - -i|Interdata console:\ - :uc:sp#0: - -l|lsi chess terminal:\ - :sp#300: - -X|Xwindow|X window system:\ - :fd@:nd@:cd@:rw:sp#9600: - -P|Pc|Pc console:\ - :ht:np:sp#115200: - -# -# Wierdo special case for fast crt's with hardcopy devices -# -8|T9600|CRT with hardcopy:\ - :nx=T300:tc=9600-baud: -9|T300|CRT with hardcopy (300):\ - :nx=T9600:tc=300-baud: - -# -# Plugboard, and misc other terminals -# -plug-9600|Plugboard-9600:\ - :pf#1:tc=9600-baud: -p|P9600|Plugboard-9600-rotary:\ - :pf#1:nx=P300:tc=9600-baud: -q|P300|Plugboard-300:\ - :pf#1:nx=P1200:tc=300-baud: -r|P1200|Plugboard-1200:\ - :pf#1:nx=P9600:tc=1200-baud: - -# -# XXXX Port selector -# -s|DSW|Port Selector:\ - :ps:sp#2400: - -# -# Auto-baud speed detect entry for Micom 600. -# Special code in getty will switch this out -# to one of the NNN-baud entries. -# -A|Auto-baud:\ - :ab:sp#2400:f0#040: diff --git a/share/examples/etc/group b/share/examples/etc/group deleted file mode 100644 index 2bd4805..0000000 --- a/share/examples/etc/group +++ /dev/null @@ -1,17 +0,0 @@ -wheel:*:0:root -daemon:*:1:daemon -kmem:*:2:root -sys:*:3:root -tty:*:4:root -operator:*:5:root -bin:*:7: -news:*:8: -man:*:9: -games:*:13: -staff:*:20:root -guest:*:31:root -nobody:*:39: -uucp:*:66: -ingres:*:74:ingres -dialer:*:117: -nogroup:*:32766: diff --git a/share/examples/etc/host.conf b/share/examples/etc/host.conf deleted file mode 100644 index 4c82560..0000000 --- a/share/examples/etc/host.conf +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# $Id: host.conf,v 1.2 1993/11/07 01:02:57 wollman Exp $ -# Default is to use the nameserver first -bind -# If that doesn't work, then try the /etc/hosts file -hosts -# If you have YP/NIS configured, uncomment the next line -# nis diff --git a/share/examples/etc/hosts b/share/examples/etc/hosts deleted file mode 100644 index 6528805..0000000 --- a/share/examples/etc/hosts +++ /dev/null @@ -1,28 +0,0 @@ -# $Id: hosts,v 1.4 1994/06/24 23:50:16 wollman Exp $ -# -# Host Database -# This file should contain the addresses and aliases -# for local hosts that share this file. -# In the presence of the domain name service or NIS, this file may -# not be consulted at all; see /etc/host.conf for the resolution order. -# -# -127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.my.domain -# -# Imaginary network. -#10.0.0.2 myname.my.domain myname -#10.0.0.3 myfriend.my.domain myfriend -# -# According to RFC 1597, you can use the following IP networks for -# private nets which will never be connected to the Internet: -# -# 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255 -# 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255 -# 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255 -# -# In case you want to be able to connect to the Internet, you need -# real official assigned numbers. PLEASE PLEASE PLEASE do not try -# to invent your own network numbers but instead get one from your -# network provider (if any) or from the Internet Registry (ftp to -# rs.internic.net, directory `/templates'). -# diff --git a/share/examples/etc/hosts.equiv b/share/examples/etc/hosts.equiv deleted file mode 100644 index f6efd09..0000000 --- a/share/examples/etc/hosts.equiv +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -localhost -my_very_good_friend.domain diff --git a/share/examples/etc/hosts.lpd b/share/examples/etc/hosts.lpd deleted file mode 100644 index 1be6dad..0000000 --- a/share/examples/etc/hosts.lpd +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -machine.domain diff --git a/share/examples/etc/inetd.conf b/share/examples/etc/inetd.conf deleted file mode 100644 index 127fe26..0000000 --- a/share/examples/etc/inetd.conf +++ /dev/null @@ -1,45 +0,0 @@ -# -# Internet server configuration database -# -# @(#)inetd.conf 5.4 (Berkeley) 6/30/90 -# -ftp stream tcp nowait root /usr/libexec/ftpd ftpd -l -telnet stream tcp nowait root /usr/libexec/telnetd telnetd -shell stream tcp nowait root /usr/libexec/rshd rshd -login stream tcp nowait root /usr/libexec/rlogind rlogind -exec stream tcp nowait root /usr/libexec/rexecd rexecd -#uucpd stream tcp nowait root /usr/libexec/uucpd uucpd -#nntp stream tcp nowait usenet /usr/libexec/nntpd nntpd -finger stream tcp nowait nobody /usr/libexec/fingerd fingerd -#tftp dgram udp wait nobody /usr/libexec/tftpd tftpd -comsat dgram udp wait root /usr/libexec/comsat comsat -#talk dgram udp wait root /usr/old/talkd talkd -ntalk dgram udp wait root /usr/libexec/ntalkd ntalkd -echo stream tcp nowait root internal -discard stream tcp nowait root internal -chargen stream tcp nowait root internal -daytime stream tcp nowait root internal -time stream tcp nowait root internal -echo dgram udp wait root internal -discard dgram udp wait root internal -chargen dgram udp wait root internal -daytime dgram udp wait root internal -time dgram udp wait root internal -# Kerberos authenticated services -klogin stream tcp nowait root /usr/libexec/rlogind rlogind -k -eklogin stream tcp nowait root /usr/libexec/rlogind rlogind -k -x -kshell stream tcp nowait root /usr/libexec/rshd rshd -k -# Services run ONLY on the Kerberos server -# Neither of these work in FreeBSD 1.x. -#krbupdate stream tcp nowait root /usr/libexec/registerd registerd -#kpasswd stream tcp nowait root /usr/libexec/kpasswdd kpasswdd -# -# RPC based services -# You MUST have portmapper running to use these! -#rstatd/1-3 dgram rpc/udp wait root /usr/libexec/rpc.rstatd rpc.rstatd -#rusersd/1-2 dgram rpc/udp wait root /usr/libexec/rpc.rusersd rpc.rusersd -#walld/1 dgram rpc/udp wait root /usr/libexec/rpc.rwalld rpc.rwalld -# -# example entry for the pop3 server -#pop3 stream tcp nowait root /usr/local/etc/popper popper -# diff --git a/share/examples/etc/login.access b/share/examples/etc/login.access deleted file mode 100644 index 5cf5454..0000000 --- a/share/examples/etc/login.access +++ /dev/null @@ -1,44 +0,0 @@ -# Login access control table. -# -# When someone logs in, the table is scanned for the first entry that -# matches the (user, host) combination, or, in case of non-networked -# logins, the first entry that matches the (user, tty) combination. The -# permissions field of that table entry determines whether the login will -# be accepted or refused. -# -# Format of the login access control table is three fields separated by a -# ":" character: -# -# permission : users : origins -# -# The first field should be a "+" (access granted) or "-" (access denied) -# character. The second field should be a list of one or more login names, -# group names, or ALL (always matches). The third field should be a list -# of one or more tty names (for non-networked logins), host names, domain -# names (begin with "."), host addresses, internet network numbers (end -# with "."), ALL (always matches) or LOCAL (matches any string that does -# not contain a "." character). If you run NIS you can use @netgroupname -# in host or user patterns. -# -# The EXCEPT operator makes it possible to write very compact rules. -# -# The group file is searched only when a name does not match that of the -# logged-in user. Only groups are matched in which users are explicitly -# listed: the program does not look at a user's primary group id value. -# -############################################################################## -# -# Disallow console logins to all but a few accounts. -# -#-:ALL EXCEPT wheel shutdown sync:console -# -# Disallow non-local logins to privileged accounts (group wheel). -# -#-:wheel:ALL EXCEPT LOCAL .win.tue.nl -# -# Some accounts are not allowed to login from anywhere: -# -#-:wsbscaro wsbsecr wsbspac wsbsym wscosor wstaiwde:ALL -# -# All other accounts are allowed to login from anywhere. -# diff --git a/share/examples/etc/manpath.config b/share/examples/etc/manpath.config deleted file mode 100644 index 37d3380..0000000 --- a/share/examples/etc/manpath.config +++ /dev/null @@ -1,31 +0,0 @@ -# manpath.config -# -# This file is read by manpath to configure the mandatory manpath, to -# map each path element to a manpath element and to determine where the -# "man" binary lives. The format is: -# -# MANBIN pathname -# MANDATORY_MANPATH manpath_element -# MANPATH_MAP path_element manpath_element -# -# MANBIN is optional -# -#MANBIN /usr/bin/man -# -# every automatically generated MANPATH includes these fields -# -MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/share/man -MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/local/man -MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/X386/man -#MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/X11R6/man - -# -# set up PATH to MANPATH mapping -# -MANPATH_MAP /bin /usr/share/man -MANPATH_MAP /usr/bin /usr/share/man -MANPATH_MAP /usr/ucb /usr/share/man -MANPATH_MAP /usr/local/mh /usr/local/mh/man -MANPATH_MAP /usr/local/bin /usr/local/man -MANPATH_MAP /usr/X386/bin /usr/X386/man -#MANPATH_MAP /usr/X11R6/bin /usr/X11R6/man diff --git a/share/examples/etc/motd b/share/examples/etc/motd deleted file mode 100644 index 776706f..0000000 --- a/share/examples/etc/motd +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -FreeBSD ?.?.? (UNKNOWN) - -Welcome to FreeBSD! - diff --git a/share/examples/etc/myname b/share/examples/etc/myname deleted file mode 100644 index a0d6cce..0000000 --- a/share/examples/etc/myname +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -myname.my.domain diff --git a/share/examples/etc/netstart b/share/examples/etc/netstart deleted file mode 100644 index dc1187f..0000000 --- a/share/examples/etc/netstart +++ /dev/null @@ -1,46 +0,0 @@ -#!/bin/sh - -# -# $Id: netstart,v 1.13 1994/09/15 01:19:43 phk Exp $ -# From: @(#)netstart 5.9 (Berkeley) 3/30/91 - -defaultrouter=NO -routedflags=-q -timedflags=NO -xntpdflags="NO" -ntpdate="NO" -rwhod=NO -sendmail_flags="-bd -q30m" -#kerberos_server=YES -#nfs_server=YES -#name_server=YES -#gated=YES - -# my-name is my symbolic name -# my-netmask is specified in /etc/networks -# -hostname=`cat /etc/myname` -hostname $hostname - -for i in /etc/hostname.* -do - ifn=`expr $i : '/etc/hostname\.\(.*\)'` - if [ -e /etc/hostname.$ifn ]; then - if [ -e /etc/start_if.$ifn ]; then - sh /etc/start_if.$ifn $ifn - fi - ifconfig $ifn `cat /etc/hostname.$ifn` - ifconfig $ifn - fi -done - -# set the address for the loopback interface -ifconfig lo0 inet localhost - -if [ -n "$defaultrouter" -a "x$defaultrouter" != "xNO" ] ; then - route add default $defaultrouter -elif [ -f /etc/defaultrouter ] ; then - route add default `cat /etc/defaultrouter` -fi - -# use loopback, not the wire -# route add $hostname localhost diff --git a/share/examples/etc/networks b/share/examples/etc/networks deleted file mode 100644 index 71aeb5b..0000000 --- a/share/examples/etc/networks +++ /dev/null @@ -1,16 +0,0 @@ -# @(#)networks 5.1 (Berkeley) 6/30/90 -# -# Your Local Networks Database -# -your-net 127 # your comment -your-netmask 255.255.255 # subnet mask for your-net - -# -# Your subnets -# -subnet1 127.0.1 alias1 # comment 1 -subnet2 127.0.2 alias2 # comment 2 - -# -# Internet networks (from nic.ddn.mil) -# diff --git a/share/examples/etc/phones b/share/examples/etc/phones deleted file mode 100644 index c6ab472..0000000 --- a/share/examples/etc/phones +++ /dev/null @@ -1,12 +0,0 @@ -# $Id: phones,v 1.4 1994/01/24 00:39:01 rgrimes Exp $ -# From: @(#)phones 5.2 (Berkeley) 6/30/90 -# -# phones -- remote host phone number data base -# see tip(1), phones(5) -# [tip cannot currently accept comments in this file, -# so this and the above lines must be removed.] -system1 9=3156427750 -system2 9148841241 -netcom 1(408)241-9760 -netcom 1(415)328-9940 -omen 1(503)621-3746 diff --git a/share/examples/etc/printcap b/share/examples/etc/printcap deleted file mode 100644 index 06791f8..0000000 --- a/share/examples/etc/printcap +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# @(#)printcap 5.3 (Berkeley) 6/30/90 - -#lp|local line printer:\ -# :lp=/dev/lp:sd=/var/spool/lpd:lf=/var/log/lpd-errs: diff --git a/share/examples/etc/protocols b/share/examples/etc/protocols deleted file mode 100644 index 1b9129c..0000000 --- a/share/examples/etc/protocols +++ /dev/null @@ -1,28 +0,0 @@ -# -# Internet (IP) protocols -# -# $Id: protocols,v 1.2 1993/11/07 00:31:22 wollman Exp $ -# from: @(#)protocols 5.1 (Berkeley) 4/17/89 -# -# Updated for FreeBSD based on RFC 1340, Assigned Numbers (July 1992). -# -ip 0 IP # internet protocol, pseudo protocol number -icmp 1 ICMP # internet control message protocol -igmp 2 IGMP # Internet Group Management -ggp 3 GGP # gateway-gateway protocol -ipencap 4 IP-ENCAP # IP encapsulated in IP (officially ``IP'') -st 5 ST # ST datagram mode -tcp 6 TCP # transmission control protocol -egp 8 EGP # exterior gateway protocol -pup 12 PUP # PARC universal packet protocol -udp 17 UDP # user datagram protocol -hmp 20 HMP # host monitoring protocol -xns-idp 22 XNS-IDP # Xerox NS IDP -rdp 27 RDP # "reliable datagram" protocol -iso-tp4 29 ISO-TP4 # ISO Transport Protocol class 4 -xtp 36 XTP # Xpress Tranfer Protocol -idpr-cmtp 39 IDPR-CMTP # IDPR Control Message Transport -vmtp 81 VMTP # Versatile Message Transport -ospf 89 OSPFIGP # Open Shortest Path First IGP -ipip 94 IPIP # Yet Another IP encapsulation -encap 98 ENCAP # Yet Another IP encapsulation diff --git a/share/examples/etc/rc b/share/examples/etc/rc deleted file mode 100644 index a1eb9ed..0000000 --- a/share/examples/etc/rc +++ /dev/null @@ -1,242 +0,0 @@ -#!/bin/sh -# $Id: rc,v 1.1 1994/09/19 21:28:18 wollman Exp $ -# From: @(#)rc 5.27 (Berkeley) 6/5/91 - -# System startup script run by init on autoboot -# or after single-user. -# Output and error are redirected to console by init, -# and the console is the controlling terminal. - -stty status '^T' - -# Set shell to ignore SIGINT (2), but not children; -# shell catches SIGQUIT (3) and returns to single user after fsck. -trap : 2 -trap : 3 # shouldn't be needed - -HOME=/; export HOME -PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin -export PATH - -if [ $1x = autobootx ] -then - echo Automatic reboot in progress... - fsck -p - case $? in - 0) - ;; - 2) - exit 1 - ;; - 4) - reboot - echo "reboot failed... help!" - exit 1 - ;; - 8) - echo "Automatic file system check failed... help!" - exit 1 - ;; - 12) - echo "Reboot interrupted" - exit 1 - ;; - 130) - # interrupt before catcher installed - exit 1 - ;; - *) - echo "Unknown error in reboot" - exit 1 - ;; - esac -else - echo Skipping disk checks ... -fi - -trap "echo 'Reboot interrupted'; exit 1" 3 - -swapon -a - -# Check for diskless boot, and remount the root RW. -a=`mount` -if [ 0 != `expr "$a" : '^[^/]*:/.* on /'` ] ; then - mount -u -o rw / -fi - -umount -a >/dev/null 2>&1 -mount -a -t nonfs - -# If the machine runs wall CMOS clock (compatible with MSDOS), -# activate following line by creating empty file /etc/wall_cmos_clock -# If this file not exist, following line does nothing (assumed -# the machine runs UTC CMOS clock). See adjkerntz(8) for details. -adjkerntz -i - -# configure serial devices -if [ -f /etc/rc.serial ] -then - sh /etc/rc.serial -fi - -# set hostname, turn on network -echo 'starting network' -. /etc/netstart - -# clean up left-over files -rm -f /etc/nologin -rm -f /var/spool/lock/* -rm -f /var/spool/uucp/.Temp/* -(cd /var/run && { rm -rf -- *; cp /dev/null utmp; chmod 644 utmp; }) - -echo -n 'starting system logger' -rm -f /dev/log -syslogd - -# $timedflags is imported from /etc/netstart; -# if $timedflags == NO, timed isn't run. -if [ X${timedflags} != X"NO" ]; then - echo -n ', time daemon'; timed $timedflags -fi -echo '.' - -# /var/crash should be a directory or a symbolic link -# to the crash directory if core dumps are to be saved. -if [ -d /var/crash ]; then - echo checking for core dump... - savecore /var/crash -fi - -# echo -n 'checking quotas:' -#quotacheck -a -# echo ' done.' -#quotaon -a - -# build ps databases -kvm_mkdb /kernel -dev_mkdb - -chmod 666 /dev/tty[pqrs]* - -# check the password temp/lock file -if [ -f /etc/ptmp ] -then - logger -s -p auth.err \ - 'password file may be incorrect -- /etc/ptmp exists' -fi - -# Recover elvis editor files. -echo preserving editor files -(cd /var/tmp && /usr/libexec/elvispreserve "-the system rebooted" elv* && - rm -f elvis[0-9a-f][0-9a-f][0-9a-f][0-9a-f]* \ - elvis_[0-9a-f][0-9a-f][0-9a-f][0-9a-f]*) - -# Recover vi editor files. -virecovery=/var/tmp/vi.recover/recover.* -if [ "$virecovery" != "/var/tmp/vi.recover/recover.*" ]; then - echo 'Recovering vi editor sessions' - for i in $virecovery; do - sendmail -t < $i - done -fi - -echo clearing /tmp - -# prune quickly with one rm, then use find to clean up /tmp/[lq]* -# (not needed with mfs /tmp, but doesn't hurt there...) -(cd /tmp && rm -rf [a-km-pr-zA-Z]* && - find -d . ! -name . ! -name lost+found ! -name quotas -exec rm -rf -- {} \;) - -# echo 'turning on accounting'; accton /var/account/acct - -echo -n standard daemons: -echo -n ' cron'; cron -echo '.' - -echo -n starting network daemons: - -# Portmapper should always be run, to provide RPC services for inetd. -if [ -x /usr/sbin/portmap ]; then - echo -n ' portmap'; portmap -fi - -# $gated and $routedflags are imported from /etc/netstart. -# If $gated == YES, gated is used; otherwise routed. -# If $routedflags == NO, routed isn't run. -if [ X${gated} = X"YES" -a -r /etc/gated.conf ]; then - echo -n ' gated'; gated $gatedflags -elif [ X"${routedflags}" != X"NO" ]; then - echo -n ' routed'; routed $routedflags -fi - -if [ X${name_server} = X"YES" -a -r /etc/named.boot ]; then - echo -n ' named'; named -fi - -# $ntpdate and $xntpdflags are imported from /etc/netstart. -# If $ntpdate != NO, run ntpdate $ntpdate to set the date correctly. -# If $xntpdflags != NO, start xntpd. -if [ X"${ntpdate}" != X"NO" ]; then - echo ' ntpdate'; ntpdate $ntpdate -fi - -if [ X"${xntpdflags}" != X"NO" ]; then - if [ X"${tickadjflags}" != X"NO" ]; then - echo 'adjusting kernel for xntpd'; tickadj ${tickadjflags--A} - fi - echo 'starting xntpd'; xntpd ${xntpdflags} -fi - -if [ X"${ntpdate}" != X"NO" -o X"${xntpdflags}" != X"NO" ]; then - echo -n 'starting more network daemons:' -fi - -# $rwhod is imported from /etc/netstart; -# if $rwhod is set to something other than NO, rwhod is run. -if [ ${rwhod-NO} != "NO" ]; then - echo -n ' rwhod'; rwhod -fi - -echo -n ' printer'; lpd - -if [ X${nfs_server} = X"YES" -a -r /etc/exports ]; then - echo -n ' mountd'; mountd - echo -n ' nfsd'; nfsd -u -t 4 -fi - -if grep nfs /etc/fstab > /dev/null ; then - echo -n ' nfsiod'; nfsiod -n 4 -fi - -# $sendmail_flags is imported from /etc/netstart; -# if $sendmail_flags is something other than NO, sendmail is run. -if [ X"${sendmail_flags}" != X"NO" -a -r /etc/sendmail.cf ]; then - echo -n ' sendmail'; sendmail ${sendmail_flags} -fi - -echo -n ' inetd'; inetd -echo '.' - -mount -a -t nfs >/dev/null 2>&1 & # XXX shouldn't need background - -# if [ -x /usr/libexec/xtend ]; then -# echo -n ' xtend'; /usr/libexec/xtend -# fi - -# Make shared lib searching a little faster. Leave /usr/lib first if you -# add your own entries or you may come to grief. -if [ -x /sbin/ldconfig ]; then - _LDC=/usr/lib - if [ -d /usr/X11R6/lib ]; then _LDC="${_LDC} /usr/X11R6/lib" ; fi - if [ -d /usr/X386/lib ]; then _LDC="${_LDC} /usr/X386/lib" ; fi - if [ -d /usr/local/lib ]; then _LDC="${_LDC} /usr/local/lib" ; fi - if [ -d /usr/gnu/lib ]; then _LDC="${_LDC} /usr/gnu/lib" ; fi - echo 'setting ldconfig path:' ${_LDC} - ldconfig ${_LDC} -fi - -sh /etc/rc.local - -date - -exit 0 diff --git a/share/examples/etc/rc.local b/share/examples/etc/rc.local deleted file mode 100644 index 8f74b38..0000000 --- a/share/examples/etc/rc.local +++ /dev/null @@ -1,23 +0,0 @@ -# -# site-specific startup actions, daemons -# -# @(#)rc.local 5.4 (Berkeley) 12/14/90 -# - -T=/tmp/_motd -rm -f $T -uname -rs > $T -echo "" >> $T -sed '1,/^$/d' < /etc/motd >> $T -cp $T /etc/motd -chmod 644 /etc/motd -rm -f $T - -echo -n 'starting local daemons:' - -# Kerberos runs ONLY on the Kerberos server machine -if [ X${kerberos_server} = X"YES" ]; then - echo -n ' kerberos'; kerberos >> /var/log/kerberos.log & -fi - -echo '.' diff --git a/share/examples/etc/rc.serial b/share/examples/etc/rc.serial deleted file mode 100644 index 7f042e8..0000000 --- a/share/examples/etc/rc.serial +++ /dev/null @@ -1,91 +0,0 @@ -# Change some defauls for serial devices. -# Standard defaults are: -# dtrwait 300 -# initial cflag from <sys/ttydefaults.h> = cread cs8 hupcl -# initial iflag, lflag and oflag all 0 -# speed 9600 -# special chars from <sys/ttydefaults.h> -# nothing locked -# except for serial consoles the initial iflag, lflag and oflag are from -# <sys/ttydefaults.h> and clocal is locked on. - -default() { - # Reset everything changed by the other functions to initial defaults. - for i in $* - do - comcontrol /dev/ttyd$i dtrwait 300 - stty </dev/ttyid$i -clocal crtscts hupcl 9600 reprint ^R - stty </dev/ttyld$i -clocal -crtscts -hupcl 0 - stty </dev/cuai0$i -clocal crtscts hupcl 9600 reprint ^R - stty </dev/cual0$i -clocal -crtscts -hupcl 0 - done -} - -maybe() { - # Special settings. - for i in $* - do - # Don't use ^R; it breaks bash's ^R when typed ahead. - stty </dev/ttyid$i reprint undef - stty </dev/cuai0$i reprint undef - # Lock clocal off on dialin device for security. - stty </dev/ttyld$i clocal - # Lock the speeds to use old binaries that don't support them. - # Any legal speed works to lock the initial speed. - stty </dev/ttyld$i 300 - stty </dev/cual0$i 300 - done -} - -modem() { - # Modem that supports CTS and perhaps RTS handshaking. - for i in $* - do - comcontrol /dev/ttyd$i dtrwait 100 # may depend on modem - # Lock crtscts on. - # Speed reasonable for V42bis. - stty </dev/ttyid$i crtscts 57600 - stty </dev/ttyld$i crtscts - stty </dev/cuai0$i crtscts 57600 - stty </dev/cual0$i crtscts - done -} - -mouse() { - # Mouse on either callin or callout port. - for i in $* - do - # Lock clocal on, hupcl off. - # Standard speed for Microsoft mouse. - stty </dev/ttyid$i clocal -hupcl 1200 - stty </dev/ttyld$i clocal hupcl - stty </dev/cuai0$i clocal -hupcl 1200 - stty </dev/cual0$i clocal hupcl - done -} - -terminal() { - # Terminal that supports CTS and perhaps RTS handshaking - # with the cable or terminal arranged so that DCD is on - # at least while the terminal is on. - # Also works for bidirectional communications to another pc - # provided at most one side runs getty. - # Same as modem() except we want a faster speed and no dtrwait. - modem $* - for i in $* - do - comcontrol /dev/ttyd$i dtrwait 0 - stty </dev/ttyid$i 115200 - stty </dev/cuai0$i 115200 - done -} - -# Don't use anything from this file unless you have some buggy programs -# that require it. -# -# Edit the functions and the examples to suit your system. -# -# maybe 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v -# mouse 2 -# modem 1 -# terminal 0 diff --git a/share/examples/etc/remote b/share/examples/etc/remote deleted file mode 100644 index a860a26..0000000 --- a/share/examples/etc/remote +++ /dev/null @@ -1,50 +0,0 @@ -# @(#)remote 5.2 (Berkeley) 6/30/90 -# -# remote -- remote host description file -# see tip(1), remote(5) -# -# dv device to use for the tty -# el EOL marks (default is NULL) -# du make a call flag (dial up) -# pn phone numbers (@ =>'s search phones file; possibly taken from -# PHONES environment variable) -# at ACU type -# ie input EOF marks (default is NULL) -# oe output EOF string (default is NULL) -# cu call unit (default is dv) -# br baud rate (defaults to 300) -# fs frame size (default is BUFSIZ) -- used in buffering writes on -# receive operations -# tc to continue a capability - -# Systems definitions -netcom|Netcom Unix Access:\ - :pn=@:tc=unix1200: -omen|Omen BBS:\ - :pn=@:tc=dos1200: - -# UNIX system definitions -unix1200|1200 Baud dial-out to a UNIX system:\ - :el=^U^C^R^O^D^S^Q:ie=%$:oe=^D:tc=dial1200: -unix300|300 Baud dial-out to a UNIX system:\ - :el=^U^C^R^O^D^S^Q:ie=%$:oe=^D:tc=dial300: - -# DOS system definitions -dos1200|1200 Baud dial-out to a DOS system:\ - :el=^U^C^R^O^D^S^Q:ie=%$:oe=^Z:pa=none:tc=dial1200: - -# General dialer definitions used below -# -# COURIER switch settings: -# switch: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 -# setting: D U D U D D U D U U -# Rackmount: U U D U D U D D U D -# -dial2400|2400 Baud Hayes attributes:\ - :dv=/dev/tty00:br#2400:cu=/dev/tty00:at=hayes:du: -dial1200|1200 Baud Hayes attributes:\ - :dv=/dev/tty00:br#1200:cu=/dev/tty00:at=hayes:du: - -# Hardwired line -tty00b|tty0b:dv=/dev/tty00:br#2400 -tty00c|tty0c:dv=/dev/tty00:br#9600 diff --git a/share/examples/etc/rpc b/share/examples/etc/rpc deleted file mode 100644 index 0ce30ec..0000000 --- a/share/examples/etc/rpc +++ /dev/null @@ -1,34 +0,0 @@ -# -# rpc 88/08/01 4.0 RPCSRC; from 1.12 88/02/07 SMI -# -portmapper 100000 portmap sunrpc -rstatd 100001 rstat rstat_svc rup perfmeter -rusersd 100002 rusers -nfs 100003 nfsprog -ypserv 100004 ypprog -mountd 100005 mount showmount -ypbind 100007 -walld 100008 rwall shutdown -yppasswdd 100009 yppasswd -etherstatd 100010 etherstat -rquotad 100011 rquotaprog quota rquota -sprayd 100012 spray -3270_mapper 100013 -rje_mapper 100014 -selection_svc 100015 selnsvc -database_svc 100016 -rexd 100017 rex -alis 100018 -sched 100019 -llockmgr 100020 -nlockmgr 100021 -x25.inr 100022 -statmon 100023 -status 100024 -bootparam 100026 -ypupdated 100028 ypupdate -keyserv 100029 keyserver -tfsd 100037 -nsed 100038 -nsemntd 100039 -pcnfsd 150001 pcnfs diff --git a/share/examples/etc/security b/share/examples/etc/security deleted file mode 100644 index 76d5a6c..0000000 --- a/share/examples/etc/security +++ /dev/null @@ -1,41 +0,0 @@ -#!/bin/sh - -# -# @(#)security 5.3 (Berkeley) 5/28/91 -# $Id: security,v 1.6 1994/01/22 10:54:13 rgrimes Exp $ -# -PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin - -host=`hostname -s` -echo "Subject: $host security check output" - -LOG=/var/log -TMP=/tmp/_secure.$$ - -umask 027 - -echo "checking setuid files and devices:" - -# don't have ncheck, but this does the equivalent of the commented out block. -# note that one of the original problem, the possibility of overrunning -# the args to ls, is still here... -# -MP=`mount -t ufs | sed 's;/dev/;&r;' | awk '{ print $3 }'` -set $MP -while test $# -ge 1; do - mount=$1 - shift - find $mount -xdev -perm -u+s -or -perm -g+s | sort -done | xargs -n 20 ls -lgTd > $TMP - -if cmp $LOG/setuid.today $TMP >/dev/null; then :; else - echo "$host setuid/device diffs:" - diff $LOG/setuid.today $TMP - mv $LOG/setuid.today $LOG/setuid.yesterday - mv $TMP $LOG/setuid.today -fi -rm -f $TMP - -echo "" -echo "" -echo "checking for uids of 0:" -awk 'BEGIN {FS=":"} $3=="0" {print $1,$3}' /etc/master.passwd diff --git a/share/examples/etc/services b/share/examples/etc/services deleted file mode 100644 index 61440a1..0000000 --- a/share/examples/etc/services +++ /dev/null @@ -1,180 +0,0 @@ -# -# Network services, Internet style -# -# Note that it is presently the policy of IANA to assign a single well-known -# port number for both TCP and UDP; hence, most entries here have two entries -# even if the protocol doesn't support UDP operations. -# Updated from RFC 1340, ``Assigned Numbers'' (July 1992). Not all ports -# are included, only the more common ones. -# -# $Id: services,v 1.7 1994/03/02 17:58:29 wollman Exp $ -# From: @(#)services 5.8 (Berkeley) 5/9/91 -# -tcpmux 1/tcp # TCP port service multiplexer -echo 7/tcp -echo 7/udp -discard 9/tcp sink null -discard 9/udp sink null -systat 11/tcp users -daytime 13/tcp -daytime 13/udp -netstat 15/tcp -qotd 17/tcp quote -msp 18/tcp # message send protocol -msp 18/udp # message send protocol -chargen 19/tcp ttytst source -chargen 19/udp ttytst source -ftp 21/tcp -# 22 - unassigned -telnet 23/tcp -# 24 - private -smtp 25/tcp mail -# 26 - unassigned -time 37/tcp timserver -time 37/udp timserver -rlp 39/udp resource # resource location -nameserver 42/tcp name # IEN 116 -whois 43/tcp nicname -domain 53/tcp nameserver # name-domain server -domain 53/udp nameserver -mtp 57/tcp # deprecated -bootps 67/tcp # BOOTP server -bootps 67/udp -bootpc 68/tcp # BOOTP client -bootpc 68/udp -tftp 69/udp -gopher 70/tcp # Internet Gopher -gopher 70/udp -rje 77/tcp netrjs -finger 79/tcp -www 80/tcp http # WorldWideWeb HTTP -www 80/udp # HyperText Transfer Protocol -link 87/tcp ttylink -#kerberos 88/tcp krb5 # Kerberos v5 -#kerberos 88/udp -supdup 95/tcp -# 100 - reserved -hostnames 101/tcp hostname # usually from sri-nic -iso-tsap 102/tcp tsap # part of ISODE. -csnet-ns 105/tcp cso-ns # also used by CSO name server -csnet-ns 105/udp cso-ns -rtelnet 107/tcp # Remote Telnet -rtelnet 107/udp -pop2 109/tcp postoffice # POP version 2 -pop2 109/udp -pop3 110/tcp # POP version 3 -pop3 110/udp -sunrpc 111/tcp -sunrpc 111/udp -auth 113/tcp authentication -sftp 115/tcp -uucp-path 117/tcp -nntp 119/tcp readnews untp # USENET News Transfer Protocol -ntp 123/tcp -ntp 123/udp # Network Time Protocol -netbios-ns 137/tcp # NETBIOS Name Service -netbios-ns 137/udp -netbios-dgm 138/tcp # NETBIOS Datagram Service -netbios-dgm 138/udp -netbios-ssn 139/tcp # NETBIOS session service -netbios-ssn 139/udp -imap2 143/tcp # Interim Mail Access Proto v2 -imap2 143/udp -snmp 161/udp # Simple Net Mgmt Proto -snmp-trap 162/udp snmptrap # Traps for SNMP -cmip-man 163/tcp # ISO mgmt over IP (CMOT) -cmip-man 163/udp -cmip-agent 164/tcp -cmip-agent 164/udp -xdmcp 177/tcp # X Display Mgr. Control Proto -xdmcp 177/udp -nextstep 178/tcp NeXTStep NextStep # NeXTStep window -nextstep 178/udp NeXTStep NextStep # server -bgp 179/tcp # Border Gateway Proto. -bgp 179/udp -prospero 191/tcp # Cliff Neuman's Prospero -prospero 191/udp -irc 194/tcp # Internet Relay Chat -irc 194/udp -smux 199/tcp # SNMP Unix Multiplexer -smux 199/udp -at-rtmp 201/tcp # AppleTalk routing -at-rtmp 201/udp -at-nbp 202/tcp # AppleTalk name binding -at-nbp 202/udp -at-echo 204/tcp # AppleTalk echo -at-echo 204/udp -at-zis 206/tcp # AppleTalk zone information -at-zis 206/udp -z3950 210/tcp wais # NISO Z39.50 database -z3950 210/udp wais -ipx 213/tcp # IPX -ipx 213/udp -imap3 220/tcp # Interactive Mail Access -imap3 220/udp # Protocol v3 -ulistserv 372/tcp # UNIX Listserv -ulistserv 372/udp -# -# Berkeley-specific services -# -exec 512/tcp -biff 512/udp comsat -login 513/tcp -who 513/udp whod -shell 514/tcp cmd # no passwords used -syslog 514/udp -printer 515/tcp spooler # line printer spooler -talk 517/udp -ntalk 518/udp -route 520/udp router routed # RIP -timed 525/udp timeserver -tempo 526/tcp newdate -courier 530/tcp rpc -conference 531/tcp chat -netnews 532/tcp readnews -netwall 533/udp # -for emergency broadcasts -uucp 540/tcp uucpd # uucp daemon -remotefs 556/tcp rfs_server rfs # Brunhoff remote filesystem -#klogin 543/tcp # Kerberized `rlogin' (v5) -#kshell 544/tcp # Kerberized `rsh' (v5) -kerberos-adm 749/tcp # Kerberos `kadmin' (v5) -# -webster 765/tcp # Network dictionary -webster 765/udp -# -# From ``Assigned Numbers'': -# -#> The Registered Ports are not controlled by the IANA and on most systems -#> can be used by ordinary user processes or programs executed by ordinary -#> users. -# -#> Ports are used in the TCP [45,106] to name the ends of logical -#> connections which carry long term conversations. For the purpose of -#> providing services to unknown callers, a service contact port is -#> defined. This list specifies the port used by the server process as its -#> contact port. While the IANA can not control uses of these ports it -#> does register or list uses of these ports as a convienence to the -#> community. -# -ingreslock 1524/tcp -ingreslock 1524/udp -prospero-np 1525/tcp # Prospero non-privileged -prospero-np 1525/udp -rfe 5002/tcp # Radio Free Ethernet -rfe 5002/udp # Actually uses UDP only -# -# -# Kerberos (Project Athena/MIT) services -# Note that these are for Kerberos v4, and are unofficial. Sites running -# v4 should uncomment these and comment out the v5 entries above. -# -kerberos 750/udp kdc # Kerberos (server) udp -kerberos 750/tcp kdc # Kerberos (server) tcp -krbupdate 760/tcp kreg # Kerberos registration -kpasswd 761/tcp kpwd # Kerberos "passwd" -klogin 543/tcp # Kerberos rlogin -eklogin 2105/tcp # Kerberos encrypted rlogin -kshell 544/tcp krcmd # Kerberos remote shell -# -supfilesrv 871/tcp # for SUP -supfiledbg 1127/tcp # for SUP diff --git a/share/examples/etc/shells b/share/examples/etc/shells deleted file mode 100644 index df377f1..0000000 --- a/share/examples/etc/shells +++ /dev/null @@ -1,6 +0,0 @@ -# List of acceptable shells for chpass(1). -# Ftpd will not allow users to connect who are not using -# one of these shells. - -/bin/sh -/bin/csh diff --git a/share/examples/etc/syslog.conf b/share/examples/etc/syslog.conf deleted file mode 100644 index 73d56b7..0000000 --- a/share/examples/etc/syslog.conf +++ /dev/null @@ -1,9 +0,0 @@ -*.err;kern.debug;auth.notice;mail.crit /dev/console -*.notice;kern.debug;lpr,auth.info;mail.crit /var/log/messages -mail.info /var/log/maillog -lpr.info /var/log/lpd-errs -cron.* /var/cron/log -*.err root -*.notice;auth.debug root -*.alert root -*.emerg * diff --git a/share/examples/etc/ttys b/share/examples/etc/ttys deleted file mode 100644 index 9340654..0000000 --- a/share/examples/etc/ttys +++ /dev/null @@ -1,53 +0,0 @@ -# -# @(#)ttys 5.1 (Berkeley) 4/17/89 -# -# name getty type status comments -# -# This entry needed for asking password when init goes to single-user mode -# If you want to be asked for password, change "secure" to "insecure" here -console none unknown off secure -# -ttyv0 "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure -# Virtual terminals -ttyv1 "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure -ttyv2 "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure -ttyv3 "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 off secure -# Hardwired terminals -tty00 "/usr/libexec/getty std.9600" unknown off secure -tty01 "/usr/libexec/getty std.9600" unknown off secure -# Dialin terminals -ttyd2 "/usr/libexec/getty std.9600" unknown off secure -ttyd3 "/usr/libexec/getty std.9600" unknown off secure -# Pseudo terminals -ttyp0 none network -ttyp1 none network -ttyp2 none network -ttyp3 none network -ttyp4 none network -ttyp5 none network -ttyp6 none network -ttyp7 none network -ttyp8 none network -ttyp9 none network -ttypa none network -ttypb none network -ttypc none network -ttypd none network -ttype none network -ttypf none network -ttyq0 none network -ttyq1 none network -ttyq2 none network -ttyq3 none network -ttyq4 none network -ttyq5 none network -ttyq6 none network -ttyq7 none network -ttyq8 none network -ttyq9 none network -ttyqa none network -ttyqb none network -ttyqc none network -ttyqd none network -ttyqe none network -ttyqf none network diff --git a/share/examples/lkm/vfs/Makefile b/share/examples/lkm/vfs/Makefile deleted file mode 100644 index 9e66928..0000000 --- a/share/examples/lkm/vfs/Makefile +++ /dev/null @@ -1,48 +0,0 @@ -# 25 May 93 -# -# Makefile for sample loadable file system -# -# 25 May 93 Terry Lambert Original -# -# Copyright (c) 1993 Terrence R. Lambert. -# All rights reserved. -# -# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without -# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions -# are met: -# 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright -# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. -# 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright -# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the -# documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. -# 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software -# must display the following acknowledgement: -# This product includes software developed by Terrence R. Lambert. -# 4. The name Terrence R. Lambert may not be used to endorse or promote -# products derived from this software without specific prior written -# permission. -# -# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY TERRENCE R. LAMBERT ``AS IS'' AND ANY -# EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE -# IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE -# ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE TERRENCE R. LAMBERT BE LIABLE -# FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL -# DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS -# OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) -# HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT -# LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY -# OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF -# SUCH DAMAGE. -# - -SUBDIR= module - -load: _SUBDIRUSE - -unload: _SUBDIRUSE - -.include <bsd.subdir.mk> - -# -# EOF -- This file has not been truncated. -# diff --git a/share/examples/lkm/vfs/README b/share/examples/lkm/vfs/README deleted file mode 100644 index f5c1ac7..0000000 --- a/share/examples/lkm/vfs/README +++ /dev/null @@ -1,107 +0,0 @@ -# Copyright (c) 1993 Terrence R. Lambert. -# All rights reserved. -# -# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without -# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions -# are met: -# 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright -# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. -# 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright -# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the -# documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. -# 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software -# must display the following acknowledgement: -# This product includes software developed by Terrence R. Lambert. -# 4. The name Terrence R. Lambert may not be used to endorse or promote -# products derived from this software without specific prior written -# permission. -# -# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY TERRENCE R. LAMBERT ``AS IS'' AND ANY -# EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE -# IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE -# ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE TERRENCE R. LAMBERT BE LIABLE -# FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL -# DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS -# OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) -# HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT -# LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY -# OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF -# SUCH DAMAGE. - -1.0 Overview - - This is the README file for the sample loaded file system. - - -2.0 Preparation - - To use this module, you must have a kernel the does *NOT* - have an existing "kernfs" file system in it. To determine - if your system has the "kernfs" file system in it, check - the build file for your kernel (usually this file is named - "/sys/i386/conf/GENERICISA") for the following: - - options KERNFS - - By default, NetBSD has this file system compiled as part - of the kernel; if you wish to use this example with NetBSD - you will have to remove this "options" line and rebuild - your kernel. - - Note: The file "/usr/include/sys/mount.h" must have the - "kernfs" file system type in it for this example; if you - do not have the following line in this file, you will not - be able to use this example: - - #define MOUNT_KERNFS 7 - - This line is created by applying the "kernfs" patches to - your system. NetBSD as distributed already has these - patches applied; if you are running vanilla 386BSD, you - will have to locate and add these patches to use this - example. - - -3.0 Directions - - To test the module, do the following: - - cd module - make load - - A load message (the copyright) will be printed on the console. - - You must then add the following line to the "/etc/fstab" file: - - kernfs /kern kernfs rw 1 1 - - At the root prompt, type the following: - - mkdir /kern - - Ignore the following error if it occurs: - - mkdir: /kern: File exists - - Again at the root prompt, type the following command: - - mount /kern - cd /kern - cat version - - This will verify that the module is working correctly. - - -4.0 Recovering resources - - The file system consumes 8 pages of memory when loaded; it - can be freed up by unloading it. To unload it, type the - following from the directory this file is in: - - cd module - make unload - - The file system will be unloaded by name. - - -5.0 END OF DOCUMENT diff --git a/share/examples/lkm/vfs/module/Makefile b/share/examples/lkm/vfs/module/Makefile deleted file mode 100644 index 63055f9..0000000 --- a/share/examples/lkm/vfs/module/Makefile +++ /dev/null @@ -1,71 +0,0 @@ -# 05 Jun 93 -# -# Makefile for newsyscall -# -# 05 Jun 93 Terry Lambert Original -# -# Copyright (c) 1993 Terrence R. Lambert. -# All rights reserved. -# -# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without -# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions -# are met: -# 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright -# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. -# 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright -# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the -# documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. -# 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software -# must display the following acknowledgement: -# This product includes software developed by Terrence R. Lambert. -# 4. The name Terrence R. Lambert may not be used to endorse or promote -# products derived from this software without specific prior written -# permission. -# -# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY TERRENCE R. LAMBERT ``AS IS'' AND ANY -# EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE -# IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE -# ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE TERRENCE R. LAMBERT BE LIABLE -# FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL -# DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS -# OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) -# HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT -# LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY -# OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF -# SUCH DAMAGE. -# - -SRCS=kernfsmod.c -OBJS=$(SRCS:.c=.o) - -KSRCS=/sys/miscfs/kernfs/kernfs_vfsops.c /sys/miscfs/kernfs/kernfs_vnops.c -KOBJS=kernfs_vfsops.o kernfs_vnops.o - -MODOBJ=combined.o - -KMOD=kernfsmod -CFLAGS= -DKERNEL -I/sys/sys -I/sys - -all: $(MODOBJ) - -clean: - rm -f $(OBJS) $(KOBJS) $(MODOBJ) $(KMOD) - -load: - /sbin/modload -o $(KMOD) -e$(KMOD) $(MODOBJ) - -unload: - /sbin/modunload -n $(KMOD) - -kernfs_vfsops.o: /sys/miscfs/kernfs/kernfs_vfsops.c - $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c -O $@ $< - -kernfs_vnops.o: /sys/miscfs/kernfs/kernfs_vnops.c - $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c -O $@ $< - -$(MODOBJ): $(OBJS) $(KOBJS) - $(LD) -r -o $(MODOBJ) $(OBJS) $(KOBJS) - -# -# EOF -- This file has not been truncated -# diff --git a/share/examples/lkm/vfs/module/kernfsmod.c b/share/examples/lkm/vfs/module/kernfsmod.c deleted file mode 100644 index 2a083f6..0000000 --- a/share/examples/lkm/vfs/module/kernfsmod.c +++ /dev/null @@ -1,127 +0,0 @@ -/* 05 Jun 93*/ -/* - * kernfsmod.c - * - * 05 Jun 93 Terry Lambert Original - * - * Copyright (c) 1993 Terrence R. Lambert. - * All rights reserved. - * - * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without - * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions - * are met: - * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright - * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. - * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright - * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the - * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. - * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software - * must display the following acknowledgement: - * This product includes software developed by Terrence R. Lambert. - * 4. The name Terrence R. Lambert may not be used to endorse or promote - * products derived from this software without specific prior written - * permission. - * - * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY TERRENCE R. LAMBERT ``AS IS'' AND ANY - * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE - * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE - * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE TERRENCE R. LAMBERT BE LIABLE - * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL - * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS - * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) - * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT - * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY - * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF - * SUCH DAMAGE. - * - */ -#define printf I_HATE_ANSI -#include <stdio.h> -#undef printf -#include <stdlib.h> -#include <sys/param.h> -#include <sys/ioctl.h> -#include <sys/systm.h> -#include <sys/conf.h> -#include <sys/mount.h> -#include <sys/exec.h> -#include <sys/lkm.h> -#include <a.out.h> -#include <sys/file.h> -#include <sys/errno.h> - -/* - * This is the vfsops table from /sys/miscfs/kernfs/kernfs_vfsops.c - */ -extern struct vfsops kernfs_vfsops; - -/* - * Currently, the mount system call is broken in the way it operates - * and the vfssw[] table does not have a character string identifier - * for the file system type; therefore, to remount a file system after - * it has been mounted in the first place, the offset into the table - * must be the same; this will be corrected in future patches, but - * not right now. At the same time the fstab format will need to - * change to allow definition without mount of file systems. - * - * The flags field is a parameter to the init; this could be used to - * change the file system operation: for instance, in ISOFS, this - * could be used to enable/disable Rockridge extensions. - */ -MOD_VFS("kernfs",MOUNT_KERNFS,0,&kernfs_vfsops) - -/* - * This function is called each time the module is loaded. Technically, - * we could have made this "nosys" in the "DISPATCH" in "kernfsmod()", - * but it's a convenient place to kick a copyright out to the console. - */ -static int -kernfsmod_load( lkmtp, cmd) -struct lkm_table *lkmtp; -int cmd; -{ - if( cmd == LKM_E_LOAD) { /* print copyright on console*/ - printf( "\nSample Loaded file system\n"); - printf( "Copyright (c) 1990, 1992 Jan-Simon Pendry\n"); - printf( "All rights reserved.\n"); - printf( "\nLoader stub and module loader is\n"); - printf( "Copyright (c) 1993\n"); - printf( "Terrence R. Lambert\n"); - printf( "All rights reserved\n"); - } - - return( 0); -} - - -/* - * External entry point; should generally match name of .o file. The - * arguments are always the same for all loaded modules. The "load", - * "unload", and "stat" functions in "DISPATCH" will be called under - * their respective circumstances unless their value is "nosys". If - * called, they are called with the same arguments (cmd is included to - * allow the use of a single function, ver is included for version - * matching between modules and the kernel loader for the modules). - * - * Since we expect to link in the kernel and add external symbols to - * the kernel symbol name space in a future version, generally all - * functions used in the implementation of a particular module should - * be static unless they are expected to be seen in other modules or - * to resolve unresolved symbols alread existing in the kernel (the - * second case is not likely to ever occur). - * - * The entry point should return 0 unless it is refusing load (in which - * case it should return an errno from errno.h). - */ -kernfsmod( lkmtp, cmd, ver) -struct lkm_table *lkmtp; -int cmd; -int ver; -{ - DISPATCH(lkmtp,cmd,ver,kernfsmod_load,nosys,nosys) -} - - -/* - * EOF -- This file has not been truncated. - */ diff --git a/share/examples/syscons/setrus b/share/examples/syscons/setrus deleted file mode 100755 index 216622b..0000000 --- a/share/examples/syscons/setrus +++ /dev/null @@ -1,17 +0,0 @@ -#!/bin/sh -# Load KOI8-R screen mapping. -vidcontrol -l koi8-r2cp866 -# Load Alternate Codes screen font. -vidcontrol -f 8x16 cp866b-8x16 -vidcontrol -f 8x14 cp866-8x14 -vidcontrol -f 8x8 cp866-8x8 -# Install JCUKEN keyboard mapping. -kbdcontrol -l ru.koi8-r # Not needed for kernel compiled with RUKEYMAP option -# Remap Grey Delete to ESC [ ~ -kbdcontrol -f 61 '[~' -# Maximum key rate -kbdcontrol -r fast -# Blank after 5 min -vidcontrol -t 300 -# Syscons screen saver -(modstat | grep -q _saver || modload -u -o /tmp/snake_saver_mod -e saver_init -q /lkm/snake_saver_mod.o) > /dev/null 2>&1 diff --git a/share/man/man4/apm.4 b/share/man/man4/apm.4 deleted file mode 100644 index fbb8997..0000000 --- a/share/man/man4/apm.4 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,146 +0,0 @@ -.\" LP (Laptop Package) -.\" -.\" Copyright (c) 1994 by HOSOKAWA, Tatsumi <hosokawa@mt.cs.keio.ac.jp> -.\" -.\" This software may be used, modified, copied, and distributed, in -.\" both source and binary form provided that the above copyright and -.\" these terms are retained. Under no circumstances is the author -.\" responsible for the proper functioning of this software, nor does -.\" the author assume any responsibility for damages incurred with its -.\" use. -.Dd November 1, 1994 -.Dt APM 4 -.Os -.Sh NAME -.Nm apm -.Nd APM BIOS interface -.Sh SYNOPSIS -.Cd options APM -.Cd device apm0 at isa? -.Sh DESCRIPTION -.Nm apm -is an interface to the Intel / Microsoft APM (Advanced Power Management) BIOS -on laptop PCs. -.Pp -.Nm apm -provides the following power management functions. -.Bl -enum -offset indent -.It -When the system wakes up from suspended mode, -.Nm apm -adjusts the system clock to RTC. -.It -When the system wakes up from suspended mode, -.Nm apm -passes a message to -.Xr syslogd 8 -comprising of system wakeup time and elapsed time during suspended mode. -.It -.Nm apm -slows CPU clock when there are no system activities (runnable processes, -interrupts, etc.). This function is available only on systems whose APM -supports CPU idling. -.It -.Nm apm -exports an application interface as a character device. Applications -can control APM, or retrieve APM status information via this interface. -.Nm apm -exports the following interfaces. These symbols are defined in -.Dq Pa /usr/include/machine/apm_bios.h. -.Bl -tag -width 4n -offset indent -.It Sy APMIO_SUSPEND -Suspend system. -.It Sy APMIO_GET -Get power management information. -.It Sy APMIO_ENABLE -.It Sy APMIO_DISABLE -Enable / Disable power management. -.It Sy APMIO_HALTCPU -.It Sy APMIO_NOTHALTCPU -Control execution of HLT in the kernel context switch routine. -.Pp -Some APM implementations execute the HLT -.Pq Halt CPU until an interrupt occurs -instruction in the -.Dq Pa Idle CPU -call, while others do not. Thus enabling this may result in -redundant HLT executions because -.Dq Pa Idle CPU -is called from the kernel context switch routine that inherently executes -HLT. This may reduce peak system performance. -.Pp -Also the system hangs up if HLT instruction is disabled in the kernel -context switch routine, and if the APM implementation of the machine -does not execute HLT in -.Dq Pa Idle CPU. -On some implementations that do not support CPU clock slowdown, APM -might not execute HLT. -.Nm apm -disables -.Sy APMIO_NOTHALTCPU -operation on such machines. -.Pp -The current version of -.Nm apm -does not call -.Dq Pa Idle CPU -from the kernel context switch routine if clock slowdown is not supported, -and it executes HLT instruction by default. Therefore, there is -no need to use these two operations in most cases. -.El -.Pp -These interfaces are used by -.Xr apm 8 -and -.Xr apmconf 8 . -.It -.Nm apm -polls APM events and handles the following events. -.Bl -column PMEV_POWERSTATECHANGEXXX "suspend system xxxxx" -.It Sy "Name " "Action " "Description" -.It Dv "PMEV_STANDBYREQ " No "suspend system " "standby request" -.It Dv "PMEV_SUSPENDREQ " No "suspend system " "suspend request" -.It Dv "PMEV_USERSUSPENDREQ " No "suspend system " "user suspend request" -.It Dv "PMEV_CRITSUSPEND " No "suspend system " "critical suspend request" -.It Dv "PMEV_NORMRESUME " No "resume system " "normal resume" -.It Dv "PMEV_CRITRESUME " No "resume system " "critical resume" -.It Dv "PMEV_STANDBYRESUME " No "resume system " "standby resume" -.It Dv "PMEV_BATTERYLOW " No "notify message " "battery low" -.It Dv "PMEV_UPDATETIME " No "adjust clock " "update time" -.El -.El -.Sh BUGS -WARNING! Many, if not most, of the implementations of APM-bios in laptops -today are buggy. You may be putting your LCD-display and batteries at -a risk by using this interface. (The reason this isn't a problem for -MS-windows is that they use the real-mode interface.) If you see any -weird behaviour from your system with this code in use, unplug the -power and batteries ASAP, if not imidiately, and disable this code. -.Pp -We are very interested in getting this code working, so please send you -observations of any anormalous behaviour to us. -.Pp -When -.Nm apm -is active, calling the BIOS setup routine by using hotkeys, -may cause serious trouble when resuming the system. -BIOS setup programs should be called during bootstrap, or from DOS. -.Pp -Some APM implementations cannot handle events such as pushing the -power button or closing the cover. On such implementations, the system -.Ar must -be suspended -.Ar only -by using -.Xr apm 8 -or -.Xr zzz 8 . -.Pp -Disk spindown, LCD backlight control, and power on demand have not -been supported on the current version. -.Sh SEE ALSO -.Xr apm 8 , -.Xr zzz 8 , -.Xr apmconf 8 -.Sh AUTHOR -HOSOKAWA, Tatsumi <hosokawa@mt.cs.keio.ac.jp> (Keio Univ., Japan) diff --git a/share/man/man4/man4.i386/com.4 b/share/man/man4/man4.i386/com.4 deleted file mode 100644 index 4e45bab..0000000 --- a/share/man/man4/man4.i386/com.4 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,102 +0,0 @@ -.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1991 The Regents of the University of California. -.\" All rights reserved. -.\" -.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by -.\" the Systems Programming Group of the University of Utah Computer -.\" Science Department. -.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without -.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions -.\" are met: -.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright -.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. -.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright -.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the -.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. -.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software -.\" must display the following acknowledgement: -.\" This product includes software developed by the University of -.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. -.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors -.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software -.\" without specific prior written permission. -.\" -.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND -.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE -.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE -.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE -.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL -.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS -.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) -.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT -.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY -.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF -.\" SUCH DAMAGE. -.\" -.\" from: @(#)dca.4 5.2 (Berkeley) 3/27/91 -.\" from: com.4,v 1.1 1993/08/06 11:19:07 cgd Exp -.\" $Id$ -.\" -.Dd August 28, 1993 -.Dt COM 4 i386 -.Os FreeBSD -.Sh NAME -.Nm com -.Nd -serial communications interface -.Sh SYNOPSIS -.Cd "device com0 at isa? port" \&"IO_COM1\&" tty irq 4 vector comintr -.Cd "device com1 at isa? port" \&"IO_COM2\&" tty irq 3 vector comintr -.Cd "device com2 at isa? port" \&"IO_COM3\&" tty irq 5 vector comintr -.Cd "device com3 at isa? port" \&"IO_COM4\&" tty irq 9 vector comintr -.Sh DESCRIPTION -The -.Nm com -driver provides support for NS8250-, NS16450-, and NS16550-based -.Tn EIA -.Tn RS-232C -.Pf ( Tn CCITT -.Tn V.28 ) -communications interfaces. The NS8250 and NS16450 have single character -buffers, and the NS16550 has a 16 character buffer. -.Pp -Input and output for each line may set to one of following baud rates; -50, 75, 110, 134.5, 150, 300, 600, 1200, 1800, 2400, 4800, 9600, -19200, 38400, 57600, or 115200. -.Sh FILES -.Bl -tag -width Pa -.It Pa /dev/tty00 -.It Pa /dev/tty01 -.El -.Sh DIAGNOSTICS -.Bl -diag -.It com%d: silo overflow. -The single-character input -.Dq silo -has overflowed and incoming data has been lost. -.\".It com%d: weird interrupt: %x. -.\"The device has generated an unexpected interrupt -.\"with the code listed. -.El -.Sh SEE ALSO -.Xr tty 4 -.Xr sio 4 -.Sh HISTORY -The -.Nm -driver is derived from the -.Nm HP9000/300 -.Nm dca -driver and is -.Ud -.Sh BUGS -Data loss is possible on busy systems with baud rates greater than 300. -The -.Nm com -driver is slow, buggy, and not properly tested. -.Pp -The name of this driver and the constants which define the locations -of the various seiral ports are holdovers from -.Nm DOS . -.Pp -As usual, you get what you pay for; cheap NS16550 clones -generally don't work. diff --git a/share/man/man4/man4.i386/fd.4 b/share/man/man4/man4.i386/fd.4 deleted file mode 100644 index 96ddcb0..0000000 --- a/share/man/man4/man4.i386/fd.4 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,91 +0,0 @@ -.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1991, 1993 -.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. -.\" -.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without -.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions -.\" are met: -.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright -.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. -.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright -.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the -.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. -.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software -.\" must display the following acknowledgement: -.\" This product includes software developed by the University of -.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. -.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors -.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software -.\" without specific prior written permission. -.\" -.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND -.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE -.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE -.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE -.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL -.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS -.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) -.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT -.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY -.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF -.\" SUCH DAMAGE. -.\" -.\" @(#)fd.4 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/9/93 -.\" -.Dd June 9, 1993 -.Dt FD 4 -.Os -.Sh NAME -.Nm fd , -.Nm stdin , -.Nm stdout , -.Nm stderr -.Nd file descriptor files -.Sh DESCRIPTION -The files -.Pa /dev/fd/0 -through -.Pa /dev/fd/# -refer to file descriptors which can be accessed through the file -system. -If the file descriptor is open and the mode the file is being opened -with is a subset of the mode of the existing descriptor, the call: -.Bd -literal -offset indent -fd = open("/dev/fd/0", mode); -.Ed -.Pp -and the call: -.Bd -literal -offset indent -fd = fcntl(0, F_DUPFD, 0); -.Ed -.Pp -are equivalent. -.Pp -Opening the files -.Pa /dev/stdin , -.Pa /dev/stdout -and -.Pa /dev/stderr -is equivalent to the following calls: -.Bd -literal -offset indent -fd = fcntl(STDIN_FILENO, F_DUPFD, 0); -fd = fcntl(STDOUT_FILENO, F_DUPFD, 0); -fd = fcntl(STDERR_FILENO, F_DUPFD, 0); -.Ed -.Pp -Flags to the -.Xr open 2 -call other than -.Dv O_RDONLY , -.Dv O_WRONLY -and -.Dv O_RDWR -are ignored. -.Sh FILES -.Bl -tag -width /dev/stderr -compact -.It Pa /dev/fd/# -.It Pa /dev/stdin -.It Pa /dev/stdout -.It Pa /dev/stderr -.El -.Sh SEE ALSO -.Xr tty 4 diff --git a/share/man/man4/man4.i386/lpa.4 b/share/man/man4/man4.i386/lpa.4 deleted file mode 100644 index 659db55..0000000 --- a/share/man/man4/man4.i386/lpa.4 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,62 +0,0 @@ -.\" -.\" Copyright (c) 1993 Christopher G. Demetriou -.\" All rights reserved. -.\" -.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without -.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions -.\" are met: -.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright -.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. -.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright -.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the -.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. -.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software -.\" must display the following acknowledgement: -.\" This product includes software developed by Christopher G. Demetriou. -.\" 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products -.\" derived from this software withough specific prior written permission -.\" -.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR -.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES -.\" OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. -.\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, -.\" INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT -.\" NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, -.\" DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY -.\" THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT -.\" (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF -.\" THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. -.\" -.\" from: lpa.4,v 1.1 1993/08/06 10:34:11 cgd Exp -.\" $Id$ -.\" -.Dd August 28, 1993 -.Dt LPA 4 i386 -.Os FreeBSD -.Sh NAME -.Nm lpa -.Nd -Interruptless parallel port driver -.Sh SYNOPSIS -.\" XXX this is awful hackery to get it to work right... -- cgd -.Cd "device lpa0 at isa? port" \&"IO_LPT1\&" tty -.Cd "device lpa1 at isa? port" \&"IO_LPT2\&" tty -.Cd "device lpa2 at isa? port" \&"IO_LPT3\&" tty -.Sh DESCRIPTION -This driver provides access to parallel ports. It assumes that -the parallel port controller will not cause an interrupt, and -therefore must poll the controller. -.Sh FILES -.Bl -tag -width Pa -compact -.It Pa /dev/lpa0 -first interruptless parallel port driver -.El -.Sh SEE ALSO -.Xr lpt 4 -.Sh BUGS -This driver only exists to support broken parallel port implementations. -Systems with properly working parallel ports should use the -.Nm lpt -driver instead, as it is less resource-hungry. -.Pp -This driver could stand a rewrite. diff --git a/share/man/man4/meteor.4 b/share/man/man4/meteor.4 deleted file mode 100644 index c4c2618..0000000 --- a/share/man/man4/meteor.4 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,771 +0,0 @@ -.Dd August 15, 1995 -.br -.in +0.5i -.Dt METEOR 4 -.Os FreeBSD -.Sh NAME -.Nm meteor -.Nd video capture driver -.Sh SYNOPSIS -.Nm video meteor -.Sh DESCRIPTION -The -.Xr meteor -driver provides support for a PCI -.Em video -capture. It allows the capture of 24 bit RGB, 16 bit RGB and 16 bit YUV -output formats. - -.Pp -.Sh Meteor Driver Installation -To use the Matrox Meteor card in your system, you need a computer -that support the PCI (preferably the Type 2 or better) interface bus. -It is recommended that the system has as more than 16 MB of RAM since this -capture card directly deposits the image to system RAM. -.Pp -The files required for Matrox Meteor card are: -.br -.in +0.5i -/sys/pci/meteor.c -.br -/sys/i386/include/ioctl_meteor.h (also known as: -.br -/usr/include/machine/ioctl_meteor.h) -.br -.in -0.5i -For FreeBSD release versions 2.1 and earlier, the following patch files are also required: -.br -.in +0.5i -meteor/usr/sys/i386/i386/conf.patch -.br -meteor/usr/sys/conf/files.patch -.br -meteor/sys/i386/conf/LINT.patch -.br -These files are available for anonymous ftp at: -.br -.in +0.5i -ftp://joy.cs.ndsu.nodak.edu/pub/meteor.tgz -.br -.in -1.0i -.Pp -1) In the configuration file, add the line (as shown in -meteor/usr/sys/i386/conf/LINT.patch): -.Pp -.Em device meteor0 -.Pp -2) There is also a couple of optional parameters you may use -.Pp -.Em options "METEOR_ALLOC_PAGES=xxx" -specifies the number of contiguous pages to allocate when successfully -probed. The default number of pages allocated by the kernel is 151. -This means that there are (151*4096) bytes available for use. -.Pp -.Em options METEOR_DEALLOC_PAGES -deallocate all pages when closing the device. Note, the chance of -contiguously re-allocating new pages are very small. The default -behavior is to not deallocate pages. -.Pp -.Em options "METEOR_DEALLOC_ABOVE=xxx" -deallocate all pages above the specified number. The default action is -to not deallocate above any pages. -.Pp -3) Make and install the kernel. -.Pp -4) Make the special file name: -.Pp -.Em mknod /dev/meteor0 c <major> 0 -The major number is determined by the placement of the device in conf.c. -The patch supplied with the driver will make the major number 67. -.Pp -.Sh Meteor Capture Modes -The Meteor capture driver has three modes of capture operation. -.Pp -1) Conventional read(2) interface. -.in +0.5i -.Pp -This mode is the easiest and slowest to use. This mode is great for -capturing a single field at little programming cost. -.Pp -In this mode, the user opens the device, set the capture mode -and size (See: METEORSETGEO ioctl call), and uses the read system -call to load the data into a buffer. -.Pp -meteor_read.c; read 400x300 RGB24 into a viewable PPM file -.Pp -.in -0.5i -.nf -#include <sys/fcntl.h> -#include <machine/ioctl_meteor.h> - -extern int errno; -#define ROWS 300 -#define COLS 400 -#define SIZE (ROWS * COLS * 4) -main() -{ - struct meteor_geomet geo; - char buf[SIZE],b[4],header[16],*p; - int i,o,c; - - if ((i = open("/dev/meteor0", O_RDONLY)) < 0) { - printf("open failed: %d\n", errno); - exit(1); - } - /* set up the capture type and size */ - geo.rows = ROWS; - geo.columns = COLS; - geo.frames = 1; - geo.oformat = METEOR_GEO_RGB24 ; - - if (ioctl(i, METEORSETGEO, &geo) < 0) { - printf("ioctl failed: %d\n", errno); - exit(1); - } - - c = METEOR_FMT_NTSC; - - if (ioctl(i, METEORSFMT, &c) < 0) { - printf("ioctl failed: %d\n", errno); - exit(1); - } - - c = METEOR_INPUT_DEV0; - - if (ioctl(i, METEORSINPUT, &c) < 0) { - printf("ioctl failed: %d\n", errno); - exit(1); - } - - if ((c=read(i, &buf[0], SIZE)) < SIZE) { - printf("read failed %d %d %d\n", c, i, errno); - close(i); - exit(1); - } - close(i); - - if ((o = open("rgb24.ppm", O_WRONLY | O_CREAT, 0644)) < 0) { - printf("ppm open failed: %d\n", errno); - exit(1); - } - - /* make PPM header and save to file */ - strcpy(&header[0], "P6 400 300 255 "); - header[2] = header[6] = header[10] = header[14] = '\n'; - write (o, &header[0], 15); - /* save the RGB data to PPM file */ - for (p = &buf[0]; p < &buf[SIZE]; ) { - b[2] = *p++; /* blue */ - b[1] = *p++; /* green */ - b[0] = *p++; /* red */ - *p++; /* NULL byte */ - write(o,&b[0], 3); /* not very efficient */ - } - close(o); - exit(0); -} -.if -.Pp - 2) Memory mapped single capture or unsynchronized continuous capture. -.in +0.5i -.Pp -The single capture mode is designed for conferencing tools such as nv. -These tools need to control the starting of the image capture and also -need several frames a second. The continuous capture mode is designed -for applications that want free-running data. -.Pp -In this mode, the user opens the device, set the capture mode -and size (See: METEORSETGEO ioctl call), memory maps the frame buffer -memory into the user process space, and issues either the -single-capture or the continuous capture call (See: METEORCAPTUR ioctl -call) to load the data into the memory mapped buffer. -.Pp -As explained in the METEORCAPTUR ioctl call, the single frame capture -ioctl will block until the capture is complete, the continuous capture -will return immediately. -.in -0.5i -.Pp - meteor_mmap_single_continuous.c -.Pp -.nf -#include <sys/types.h> -#include <sys/mman.h> -#include <sys/fcntl.h> -#include <machine/ioctl_meteor.h> - -extern int errno; -#define ROWS 480 -#define COLS 640 -#define SIZE (ROW * COLS * 2) -main() -{ - struct meteor_geomet geo; - char buf[SIZE]; - char *mmbuf; - int i,c; - - if ((i = open("/dev/meteor0", O_RDONLY)) < 0) { - printf("open failed\n"); - exit(1); - } - - geo.rows = ROWS; - geo.columns = COLS; - geo.frames = 1; - geo.oformat = METEOR_GEO_RGB16 ; - - if (ioctl(i, METEORSETGEO, &geo) < 0) { - printf("ioctl failed: %d\n", errno); - exit(1); - } - - c = METEOR_FMT_NTSC; - - if (ioctl(i, METEORSFMT, &c) < 0) { - printf("ioctl failed: %d\n", errno); - exit(1); - } - - c = METEOR_INPUT_DEV0; - - if (ioctl(i, METEORSINPUT, &c) < 0) { - printf("ioctl failed: %d\n", errno); - exit(1); - } - - mmbuf=(char *)mmap((caddr_t)0, SIZE, PROT_READ, 0, i, (off_t)0); - -#ifdef SINGLE_MODE - /* single frame capture */ - c = METEOR_CAP_SINGLE ; - ioctl(i, METEORCAPTUR, &c); /* wait for the frame */ - - /* directly access the frame buffer array data in mmbuf */ -#else - /* continuous frame capture */ - c = METEOR_CAP_CONTINOUS ; - ioctl(i, METEORCAPTUR, &c); /* returns immediately */ - - /* directly access the frame buffer array data in mmbuf */ - - c = METEOR_CAP_STOP_CONT ; - ioctl(i, METEORCAPTUR, &c); /* close will also stop capture */ -#endif - - close(i); - exit(0); -} -.if -.Pp - 3) Memory mapped, multi-frame ring buffer synchronize capture. -.Pp -.in +0.5i -This continuous capture mode is synchronized with the application that -processes up to 32 frames. This gives the advantages of both single and -continuous capture modes. -.Pp -The kernel notifies the application of a new data by raising an -application defined signal. The driver also shares a structure with -the application that allows them to communicate which frame has been -written by the kernel and which frame has been read by the application. -.Pp -The shared structure starts on the first page after your data. The -structure address can be found by calculation: -.in +0.5i -.Pp -(number_rows * number_columns * pixel_depth + 4095) & 0xfffff000 -.in -0.5i -.Pp - or -.in +0.5i -.Pp -((number_rows * number_columns * pixel_depth + 4095)/4096) * 4096 -.in -0.5i -.Pp -The shared structure is of type struct meteor_mem. The two most -important fields are called active and num_active_buf. active -is a bitmap of frames written by the kernel. num_active_bufs is -a count of frames marked in the active field. When a frame is read -in by the driver, the num_active_bufs count is tested, if this -count is below the threshold of number of active frames (value -in meteor_mem's hiwat variable), the bit representing frame -number in the buffer is stored in the active variable, the -num_active_bufs is incremented, the kernel then raises the specified -signal to activate the user application. The user application's -responsibility when getting the signal is to check the active bitmap -to determine the lowest active frame, use the data as the application -desires, clear the bitmap entry for that frame, and decrement the -num_active_bufs. If the threshold of number of active frames (hiwat) -has been exceeded, no new frames or signal from the kernel will occur -until the num_active_bufs is less than or equal to lowat. -.Pp -The driver loads the frames in a round-robin fashion. it is expected -that the user removes them in the same order. The driver does not -check to see if the frame is already active. -.Pp -The frame_size and number of frames in the buffer are also provided -to the meteor_mem structure, but changing these fields in the -application will not change the operation of the driver. -.Pp -In programming for this mode, the user opens the device, sets the -geometry, mmaps the data/common control structure, then starts the -continuous capture mode. A special signal catcher is required to -process the frames as they are read by the kernel. -.Pp -When specifying the geometry (See: ioctl METEORSETGEO), it -is important that the number of frames is set greater than 1. -.in -0.5i -.Pp - skeleton_capture_n.c -.Pp -.nf -#include <sys/types.h> -#include <sys/mman.h> -#include <sys/fcntl.h> -#include <sys/signal.h> -#include <machine/ioctl_meteor.h> - -int video; /* made global if you wish to stop capture in signal handler */ -caddr_t data_frames; -struct meteor_mem *common_mem; -extern int errno; - -#define FRAME_MAX - -void -usr2_catcher() -{ -#ifdef SIGNAL_STOP - struct meteor_capframe capframe; /* for ioctl */ -#endif - char *frame; - - /* find frame */ - frame = (char *) (data_frames + sig_cnt * common_mem->frame_size) ; - - /* add frame processing here */ - /* deactivate frame */ - common_mem->active &= ~(1 << (sig_cnt % 16)); - common_mem->num_active_bufs--; - - /* process next frame on next interrupt */ - sig_cnt = ((sig_cnt+1) % FRAME_MAX); - -#ifdef SIGNAL_STOP - if (some_condition_requiring_stopping) { - capframe.command=METEOR_CAP_STOP_FRAMES; - - if (ioctl(i, METEORCAPFRM, &capframe) < 0) { - printf("METEORCAPFRM failed %d\n", errno); - exit(1); - } - } -#endif -} - -main() -{ - struct meteor_geomet geo; - int height, width, depth, frames, size; - struct meteor_capframe capframe; - - if ((i = open("/dev/meteor0", O_RDONLY)) < 0) { - printf("open failed\n"); - exit(1); - } - printf("test %d %d\n", errno, i); - - height = geo.rows = 120; - width= geo.columns = 320; - frames = geo.frames = FRAME_MAX; - depth = 2; /* 2 bytes per pixel for RGB*/ - - - geo.oformat = METEOR_GEO_RGB16; - - if (ioctl(i, METEORSETGEO, &geo) < 0) { - printf("METEORSETGEO failed %d\n", errno); - exit(1); - } - - c = METEOR_FMT_NTSC; - - if (ioctl(i, METEORSFMT, &c) < 0) { - printf("ioctl failed: %d\n", errno); - exit(1); - } - - c = METEOR_INPUT_DEV0; - - if (ioctl(i, METEORSINPUT, &c) < 0) { - printf("ioctl failed: %d\n", errno); - exit(1); - } - - size = ((width*height*depth*frames+4095)/4096)*4096; - /* add one page after data for meteor_mem */ - data_frames = mmap((caddr_t)0, size + 4096, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, - 0, i, (off_t)0); - - if (data_frames == (caddr_t) -1) return (0); - - /* common_mem is located at page following data */ - common_mem = (struct meteor_mem *) (y + size); - - signal(SIGUSR2, usr2_catcher); /* catch new frame message */ - - capframe.command=METEOR_CAP_N_FRAMES; - capframe.signal=SIGUSR2; - capframe.lowat=12; /* must be < hiwat */ - capframe.hiwat=14; /* must be < FRAME_MAX */ - - /* start the sync capture */ - if (ioctl(i, METEORCAPFRM, &capframe) < 0) { - printf("METEORCAPFRM failed %d\n", errno); - exit(1); - } - - /* this is the background working area, or you can sleep */ - - - /* to stop capture */ - capframe.command=METEOR_CAP_STOP_FRAMES; - - if (ioctl(i, METEORCAPFRM, &capframe) < 0) { - printf("METEORCAPFRM failed %d\n", errno); - exit(1); - } -} -.if -.Pp -.Sh Meteor IOCTL Call and Parameters -.Pp -The Meteor capture driver has ioctl requests for capturing, reading card -status, for setting and reading the geometry, and for setting and reading the -attributes. -.Pp -IT IS VERY IMPORTANT TO CHECK FOR ERRORS ON THESE RETURNING IOCTLs. -Errors indicate that something is very wrong with the ioctl and the -application should not attempt to proceed further with capturing. The -meteor capture driver still makes attempts to stop the next capture step if -an error occurred in a previous step but was ignored by the application -programmer. -.Pp -1) ioctl requests METEORSETGEO and METEORGETGEO -.in +0.5i -METEORSETGEO and METEORGETGEO are used to set and read the input -size, input device, and output format for frame capture. -.Pp -These ioctl routines use the meteor_geomet structure that has the -following entries: -.Pp -.Bl -tag -width columns -.It Dv rows -number of rows (lines high) in output image -.It Dv columns -number of pixels in a row (width) in output image -.It Dv frames -number of frames in buffer. Should be 1, unless using -the multi-framed synchronous capture mode (METEORCAPFRM) -which REQUIRES frames to be larger than 1. -.Pp -Note: if rows, columns or frames is not changed, then -the existing values are used. The system defaults -is 640x480x1. -.It Dv oformat -you may choose one of the following output format: -.Bl -tag -width METEOR_GEO_YUV_PACKED -.It Dv METEOR_GEO_RGB16 -RGB 16 bits xrrrrrgg gggbbbbb default) -.It Dv METEOR_GEO_RGB24 -(RBG 24 bits packed in 32 bits: -00000000 rrrrrrrr gggggggg bbbbbbbb) -.It Dv METEOR_GEO_YUV_PACKED -(4-2-2 YUV 16 bits packed. byte format: -u0 y0 v0 y1 u1 y2 v1 y3 ...) -.It Dv METEOR_GEO_YUV_PLANER -(4-2-2 YUV 16 bits planer format: -rows * columns bytes of y -rows * column / 4 bytes of even u -rows * column / 4 bytes of even v -rows * column / 4 bytes of odd u -rows * column / 4 bytes of odd v) -.El -.El -.Pp -The METEORSETGEO ioctl will fail if more than one entry from a category -is selected. It is highly recommended that a METEORSETGEO is done -before capturing data because you cannot guarantee the initial mode -the card. -.Pp -The METEORSETGEO will also attempt to reallocate a new contiguous -kernel buffer if the new geometry exceeds the old geometry. On -other hand, if the new geometry will fit in the existing buffer, -the existing buffer is used. -.Pp -If METEORSETGEO fails the ioctl() will return a value of -1 and the -external variable errno will be set to: -.Pp -.Bl -tag -width EINVAL -.It Dv EINVAL -invalid meteor_geomet structure pointer, rows, columns, -frames were invalid. -.It Dv ENOMEM -could not allocate the contigous block. -.El -.in -0.5i -.Pp -2) ioctl requests METEORSFMT and METEORGFMT -.in +0.5i -.Pp -METEORSFMT and METEORGFMT are used to set and read the camera input -standard format. -.Pp -Possible formats are: -.Bl -tag -width METEOR_FMT_AUTOMODE -.It Dv METEOR_FMT_NTSC -NTSC (default mode) -.It Dv METEOR_FMT_PAL -PAL -.It Dv METEOR_FMT_SECAM -SECAM -.It Dv METEOR_FMT_AUTOMODE -Autodetect. -.El -.in -0.5i -.Pp -3) ioctl requests METEORSINPUT and METEORGINPUT -.in +0.5i -.Pp -METEORSINPUT and METEORGINPUT are used to set and read the camera -input device. Using the DB9 connector on the Meteor card, 4 input -devices can be connected and an input camera can be selected with this -ioctl. -.Pp -Possible formats are: -.Bl -tag -width METEOR_INPUT_DEV_SVIDEO -.It Dv METEOR_INPUT_DEV0 -(default if none specified) -.It Dv METEOR_INPUT_DEV_RCA -(same as METEOR_INPUT_DEV0) -.It Dv METEOR_INPUT_DEV1 -.It Dv METEOR_INPUT_DEV2 -.It Dv METEOR_INPUT_DEV_SVIDEO -(same as METEOR_INPUT_DEV2) -.El -.in -0.5i -.Pp -4) ioctl request METEORSTATUS -.in +0.5i -.Pp -METEORSTATUS is used to read the status of the Meteor capture card -and returns the following information: -.Pp -.Bl -tag -width METEOR_STATUS_ID_MASK -.It Dv METEOR_STATUS_ID_MASK -4 bit ID of the SAA7196 scaler chip. -.It Dv METEOR_STATUS_DIR -0 = scaler uses internal source. -.br -1 = scaler uses external data of expansion bus. -.It Dv METEOR_STATUS_OEF -0 = even field detected. -.br -1 = odd field detected. -.It Dv METEOR_STATUS_SVP -VRAM Port state: -.br -0 = inputs HFL and INCADDR inactive. -.br -1 = inputs HFL and INCADDR active. -.It Dv METEOR_STATUS_STTC -0 = TV horizontal time constant (slow). -.br -1 = VCR horizontal time constant (fast). -.It Dv METEOR_STATUS_HCLK -0 = Horizontal Phase Lock Loop locked. -.br -1 = Horizontal Phase Lock Loop unlocked. -.It Dv METEOR_STATUS_FIDT -0 = 50 Hz Field detected. -.br -1 = 60 Hz Field detected. -.It Dv METEOR_STATUS_ALTD -0 = no line alternating color burst detected. -.br -1 = line alternating color burst detected -(PAL/SECAM). -.It Dv METEOR_STATUS_CODE -0 = no color information detected. -.br -1 = color information detected. -.El -.in -0.5i -.Pp -5) ioctl request METEORCAPTUR -.in +0.5i -.Pp -METEORCAPTUR is used to single frame capture or unsynchronized -continuous capture. -.Pp -The single frame capture ioctl request will return only after a -frame has been captured and transfered to the frame buffer. -.Pp -The unsynchronized continuous capture will return immediately and -data is directly deposited into the buffer when it is available. -Since this is unsynchronized, it is possible the data is being -written by the kernel while being read by the application. -.Pp -These ioctl routines use the following settings: -following entries: -.Pp -.Bl -tag -width METEOR_CAP_CONTINOUS -.It Dv METEOR_CAP_SINGLE -capture one frame -.It Dv METEOR_CAP_CONTINOUS -unsynchronized continuous capture -.It Dv METEOR_CAP_STOP_CONT -stop the unsynchronized continuous -capture -.El -.Pp -If METEORCAPTUR fails the ioctl() will return a value of -1 and the -external variable errno will be set to: -.Pp -.Bl -tag -width EINVAL -.It Dv EINVAL -invalid capture command value -.It Dv ENXIO -there is not internal buffer to hold the frame. -this indicates the previous set geometry ioctl failed. -.It Dv EIO -card is already capturing. -.El -.in -0.5i -.Pp -6) ioctl request METEORCAPFRM -.in +0.5i -.Pp -METEORCAPFRM is used for synchronous capture of multiple frames. -.Pp -This ioctl routines use the meteor_capture structure that has the -following entries: -.Pp -.Bl -tag -width command -.It Dv command -possible values for command are: -.Bl -tag -width METEOR_CAP_STOP_FRAMES -.It Dv METEOR_CAP_STOP_FRAMES stop the capture does not use the -other variable in structure. -.It Dv METEOR_CAP_N_FRAMES start the capture using the other -variables in the structure as inputs -.El -.It Dv signal -signal to send to application when a new -frame has been captured. This signal will -only be raised if the captured frame is saved. -.It Dv lowat -see below -.It Dv hiwat -see below -.El -.Pp -When a new frame is completed, the driver checks the current unread -frame count stored in shared variable (the shared variable are stored -in the meteor_mem structure) num_active_buf, if the count is larger -than hiwat, the driver will not store any new frames and will not -send capture signal to the user application until the num_active_buf -is lower than lowat. -.Pp -If METEORCAPFRM fails the ioctl() will return a value of -1 and the -external variable errno will be set to: -.Pp -.Bl -tag -width EINVAL -.It Dv EINVAL -invalid meteor_geomet structure pointer or bad command. -.It Dv ENXIO -there is not internal buffer to hold the frame. -this indicates the previous set geometry ioctl failed. -.It Dv EIO -card is already capturing. -.El -.in -0.5i -.Pp -7) ioctl requests METEORSCHCV and METEORGCHCV -.in +0.5i -.Pp -METEORSCHCV and METEORGCHCV are used to set and get the chrominance -gain control and effects the UV output amplitude. -.Pp -If METEORSCHCV or METEORGCHCV fails the ioctl() will return a value -of -1 and the external variable errno will be set to: -.Pp -.Bl -tag -width EINVAL -.It Dv EINVAL -EINVAL -invalid unsigned char pointer. -.El -.in -0.5i -.Pp -8) ioctl requests METEORGHUE and METEORSHUE -.in +0.5i -.Pp -METEORGHUE and METEORSHUE are used to get and set the hue. The -signed character has legal values are from +127 which represent -+178.6 degrees to -128 which represents -180 degrees. -.Pp -If METEORGHUE or METEORSHUE fails the ioctl() will return a value of --1 and the external variable errno will be set to: -.Pp -.Bl -tag -width EINVAL -.It Dv EINVAL -invalid signed char pointer. -.El -.in -0.5i -.Pp -9) ioctl requests METEORSCOUNT and METEORGCOUNT -.in +0.5i -.Pp -METEORGCOUNT is used to get the count of frame errors, DMA errors and -count of the number of frames captured that have occurred since -the device was opened. METEORSCOUNT can be used to reinitialize the -counters. -.Pp -This ioctl routines use the meteor_counts structure that has the -following entries: -.Pp -.Bl -tag -width frame_count -.It Dv fifo_errors -number of FIFO errors since device was opened. -.It Dv dma_errors number of DMA errors since device was opened. - -.It Dv frame_count number of frames captured since device was opened. -.El -.Pp -If METEORSCOUNT or METEORGCOUNT fails the ioctl() will return a value -of -1 and the external variable errno will be set to: -.Bl -tag -width EINVAL -.It Dv EINVAL -invalid meteor_counts structure pointer. -.El -.in -0.5i -.Pp -.Sh Known Bugs: -.in +0.5i -.Pp -1) IIC register is difficult to set. We got around that by adding a long -wait at each IIC register write. -.Pp -2) We had difficulties getting the Meteor capture card to work on systems -that used NCR chipset SCSI cards. It is possible that the Meteor and NCR SCSI -could work together using the newer TRITON motherboards. -.in -0.5i -.Pp -.Sh Authors: -.Pp -.Bl -tag -width Mark_Tinguely -.It Dv Jim Lowe -(james@miller.cs.uwm.edu) -.It Dv Mark Tinguely -(tinguely@plains.nodak.edu) -.El diff --git a/share/man/man4/pt.4.orig b/share/man/man4/pt.4.orig deleted file mode 100644 index e69de29..0000000 --- a/share/man/man4/pt.4.orig +++ /dev/null diff --git a/share/man/man4/uha.4 b/share/man/man4/uha.4 deleted file mode 100644 index 6ff562e..0000000 --- a/share/man/man4/uha.4 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,74 +0,0 @@ -.\" -.\" Copyright (c) 1994 Wilko Bulte -.\" All rights reserved. -.\" -.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without -.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions -.\" are met: -.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright -.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. -.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright -.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the -.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. -.\" 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products -.\" derived from this software withough specific prior written permission -.\" -.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR -.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES -.\" OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. -.\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, -.\" INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT -.\" NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, -.\" DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY -.\" THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT -.\" (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF -.\" THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. -.\" -.\" -.Dd August 31, 1994 -.Dt UHA 4 i386 -.Os FreeBSD -.Sh NAME -.Nm uha -.Nd -Ultrastore SCSI host adapter driver -.Sh SYNOPSIS -.sp -For Ultrastore 24f controllers in EISA mode: -.Cd "controller uha0 at isa? bio irq 14 vector uhaintr -.Cd "controller scbus0 -.sp -For Ultrastore 14f and 34f controllers: -.Cd "controller uha0 at isa? port" \&"IO_UHA0\&" bio irq 14 drq 5 vector uhaintr -.Cd "controller scbus0 -.sp -For each disk: -.Cd "device sd0 -.sp -For each tape device: -.Cd "device st0 -.sp -For one or more cdroms: -.Cd "device cd0 -.Sh DESCRIPTION -This driver provides access to SCSI devices connected to an Ultrastore -Ultrastore 14f, Ultrastore 24f or Ultrastore 34f hostadapter. -.sp -Note that for an Ultrastore 24f in EISA mode no I/O addresses or DMA channels -are required in the kernel config file. If they are present, the driver -will correctly find the Ultrastore 24f, but you tie up precious DMA channels -and I/O ranges which are not used by the card. -The Ultrastore 24f uses EISA slot specific I/O which is configured -automatically. -.Sh FILES -.Bl -tag -width Pa -compact -.It Pa /sys/i386/conf/GENERICBT -sample generic kernel config file for Bustek and Ultrastore based systems -.It Pa /sys/i386/isa/uha.c -driver source -.El -.Sh SEE ALSO -.Xr cd 4 -.Xr scsi 4 -.Xr sd 4 -.Xr st 4 diff --git a/share/man/man4/wd.4 b/share/man/man4/wd.4 deleted file mode 100644 index 0bde553..0000000 --- a/share/man/man4/wd.4 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,64 +0,0 @@ -.\" -.\" Copyright (c) 1994 Wilko Bulte -.\" All rights reserved. -.\" -.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without -.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions -.\" are met: -.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright -.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. -.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright -.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the -.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. -.\" 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products -.\" derived from this software withough specific prior written permission -.\" -.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR -.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES -.\" OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. -.\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, -.\" INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT -.\" NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, -.\" DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY -.\" THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT -.\" (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF -.\" THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. -.\" -.\" -.Dd August 31, 1994 -.Dt WD 4 i386 -.Os FreeBSD -.Sh NAME -.Nm wd -.Nd -Generic WD100x diskcontroller driver -.Sh SYNOPSIS -.sp -.Cd "controller wdc0 at isa? port" \&"IO_WD1\&" bio irq 14 vector wdintr -.Cd "disk wd0 at wdc0 drive 0 -.Cd "disk wd1 at wdc0 drive 1 -.sp -.Sh DESCRIPTION -This driver provides access to disks connected to controllers that emulate -the Western Digital WD100x series. This range of controllers includes WD1003 -type ST412 controllers, WD1007 ESDI controllers and also the generic IDE -controllers found on most motherboards. -.sp -Your controller documentation is usually quick to point out any WD100x -compatibility. -.Sh FILES -.Bl -tag -width Pa -compact -.It Pa /dev/wd* -disk block device nodes -.It Pa /dev/rwd* -disk character device nodes -.It Pa /sys/i386/conf/GENERICAH -sample generic kernel config file for (a.o.) wd based systems -.It Pa /sys/i386/isa/wd.c -driver source -.El -.Sh SEE ALSO -.Xr bad144 8 -.Sh NOTES -This controller/disk combo has no provisions for automatic bad block handling. -You need to run bad144(8) to check for bad blocks. diff --git a/share/man/man4/worm.4.orig b/share/man/man4/worm.4.orig deleted file mode 100644 index e69de29..0000000 --- a/share/man/man4/worm.4.orig +++ /dev/null diff --git a/share/syscons/fonts/alt-8x14.fnt b/share/syscons/fonts/alt-8x14.fnt deleted file mode 100644 index 9dacecb..0000000 --- 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index e77969d..0000000 --- a/share/syscons/scrnmaps/default +++ /dev/null @@ -1,60 +0,0 @@ -/* - * Copyright (C) 1994 by Andrew A. Chernov, Moscow, Russia. - * All rights reserved. - * - * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without - * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions - * are met: - * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright - * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. - * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright - * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the - * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. - * - * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND - * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE - * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE - * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE - * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL - * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS - * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) - * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT - * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY - * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF - * SUCH DAMAGE. - */ - -scrmap_t scrmap = { - 0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, - 0x08, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f, - 0x10, 0x11, 0x12, 0x13, 0x14, 0x15, 0x16, 0x17, - 0x18, 0x19, 0x1a, 0x1b, 0x1c, 0x1d, 0x1e, 0x1f, - 0x20, 0x21, 0x22, 0x23, 0x24, 0x25, 0x26, 0x27, - 0x28, 0x29, 0x2a, 0x2b, 0x2c, 0x2d, 0x2e, 0x2f, - 0x30, 0x31, 0x32, 0x33, 0x34, 0x35, 0x36, 0x37, - 0x38, 0x39, 0x3a, 0x3b, 0x3c, 0x3d, 0x3e, 0x3f, - 0x40, 0x41, 0x42, 0x43, 0x44, 0x45, 0x46, 0x47, - 0x48, 0x49, 0x4a, 0x4b, 0x4c, 0x4d, 0x4e, 0x4f, - 0x50, 0x51, 0x52, 0x53, 0x54, 0x55, 0x56, 0x57, - 0x58, 0x59, 0x5a, 0x5b, 0x5c, 0x5d, 0x5e, 0x5f, - 0x60, 0x61, 0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66, 0x67, - 0x68, 0x69, 0x6a, 0x6b, 0x6c, 0x6d, 0x6e, 0x6f, - 0x70, 0x71, 0x72, 0x73, 0x74, 0x75, 0x76, 0x77, - 0x78, 0x79, 0x7a, 0x7b, 0x7c, 0x7d, 0x7e, 0x7f, - 0x80, 0x81, 0x82, 0x83, 0x84, 0x85, 0x86, 0x87, - 0x88, 0x89, 0x8a, 0x8b, 0x8c, 0x8d, 0x8e, 0x8f, - 0x90, 0x91, 0x92, 0x93, 0x94, 0x95, 0x96, 0x97, - 0x98, 0x99, 0x9a, 0x9b, 0x9c, 0x9d, 0x9e, 0x9f, - 0xa0, 0xa1, 0xa2, 0xa3, 0xa4, 0xa5, 0xa6, 0xa7, - 0xa8, 0xa9, 0xaa, 0xab, 0xac, 0xad, 0xae, 0xaf, - 0xb0, 0xb1, 0xb2, 0xb3, 0xb4, 0xb5, 0xb6, 0xb7, - 0xb8, 0xb9, 0xba, 0xbb, 0xbc, 0xbd, 0xbe, 0xbf, - 0xc0, 0xc1, 0xc2, 0xc3, 0xc4, 0xc5, 0xc6, 0xc7, - 0xc8, 0xc9, 0xca, 0xcb, 0xcc, 0xcd, 0xce, 0xcf, - 0xd0, 0xd1, 0xd2, 0xd3, 0xd4, 0xd5, 0xd6, 0xd7, - 0xd8, 0xd9, 0xda, 0xdb, 0xdc, 0xdd, 0xde, 0xdf, - 0xe0, 0xe1, 0xe2, 0xe3, 0xe4, 0xe5, 0xe6, 0xe7, - 0xe8, 0xe9, 0xea, 0xeb, 0xec, 0xed, 0xee, 0xef, - 0xf0, 0xf1, 0xf2, 0xf3, 0xf4, 0xf5, 0xf6, 0xf7, - 0xf8, 0xf9, 0xfa, 0xfb, 0xfc, 0xfd, 0xfe, 0xff -}; diff --git a/share/syscons/scrnmaps/koi8-r2cp866.scm b/share/syscons/scrnmaps/koi8-r2cp866.scm deleted file mode 100644 index 9470af1..0000000 --- a/share/syscons/scrnmaps/koi8-r2cp866.scm +++ /dev/null @@ -1,9 +0,0 @@ -begin 444 koi8-r2cp866 -M``$"`P0%!@<("0H+#`T.#Q`1$A,4%187&!D:&QP='A\@(2(C)"4F)R@I*BLL -M+2XO,#$R,S0U-C<X.3H[/#T^/T!!0D-$149'2$E*2TQ-3D]045)35%565UA9 -M6EM<75Y?8&%B8V1E9F=H:6IK;&UN;W!Q<G-T=79W>'EZ>WQ]?G_$L]J_P-G# -MM,+!Q=_<V]W>L+&R]/[Y^_?S\O_U^/WZ]LVZU?'6R;BWN]33R+Z]O,;'S+7P -MMKG1TLO/T,K8U\[\[J"AYJ2EY*/EJ*FJJZRMKJ_OX.'BXZ:B[.NGZ.WIY^J> -?@(&6A(64@Y6(B8J+C(V.CY^0D9*3AH*<FX>8G9F7FN'B -` -end diff --git a/share/termcap/terminfo_extentions.doc b/share/termcap/terminfo_extentions.doc deleted file mode 100644 index af79576..0000000 --- a/share/termcap/terminfo_extentions.doc +++ /dev/null @@ -1,476 +0,0 @@ -# These are the boolean capabilities -auto_left_margin "bw" bool "bw" cub1 wraps from column 0 to last column -auto_right_margin "am" bool "am" terminal has automatic margins -no_esc_ctlc "xsb" bool "xb" beehive (f1=escape, f2=ctrl C) -ceol_standout_glitch "xhp" bool "xs" stnadout not erased by overwriting (hp) -eat_newline_glitch "xenl" bool "xn" newline ignored after 80 cols (concept) -erase_overstrike "eo" bool "eo" can erase overstrikes with a blank -generic_type "gn" bool "gn" generic line type -hard_copy "hc" bool "hc" hardcopy terminal -has_meta_key "km" bool "km" Has a meta key, sets msb high -has_status_line "hs" bool "hs" has extra status line -insert_null_glitch "in" bool "in" insert mode distinguishes nulls -memory_above "da" bool "da" display may be retained above the screen -memory_below "db" bool "db" display may be retained below the screen -move_insert_mode "mir" bool "mi" safe to move while in insert mode -move_standout_mode "msgr" bool "ms" safe to move while in standout mode -over_strike "os" bool "os" terminal can overstrike -status_line_esc_ok "eslok" bool "es" escape can be used on the status line -dest_tabs_magic_smso "xt" bool "xt" tabs destructive, magic so char (t1061) -tilde_glitch "hz" bool "hz" can't print ~'s (hazeltine) -transparent_underline "ul" bool "ul" underline character overstrikes -xon_xoff "xon" bool "xo" terminal uses xon/xoff handshaking -needs_xon_xoff "nxon" bool "nx" padding won't work, xon/xoff required -prtr_silent "mc5i" bool "5i" printer won't echo on screen -hard_cursor "chts" bool "HC" cursor is hard to see -non_rev_rmcup "nrrmc" bool "NR" smcup does not revrse rmcup -no_pad_char "npc" bool "NP" pad character does not exist -non_dest_scroll_region "ndscr" bool "ND" scrolling region is non-destructive -can_change "ccc" bool "cc" terminal can re-define exiting colors -back_color_erase "bce" bool "ut" screen erased with background color -hue_lightness_saturation "hls" bool "hl" terminal uses only HLS color notation (tektronix) -col_addr_glitch "xhpa" bool "YA" only positive motion for hpa/mhpa caps -cr_cancels_micro_mode "crxm" bool "YB" using cr turns off micro mode -has_print_wheel "daisy" bool "YC" printer needs operator to change character set -row_addr_glitch "xvpa" bool "YD" only posistive motion for vhp/mvpa caps -semi_auto_right_margin "sam" bool "YE" printing in last column causes cr -cpi_changes_res "cpix" bool "YF" changing character pitch changes resolution -lpi_changes_res "lpix" bool "YG" chnaging line pitch changes resolution -# These are the numerical capabilities -columns "cols" num "co" number of columns in aline -init_tabs "it" num "it" tabs initially every # spaces -lines "lines" num "li" number of lines on screen or page -lines_of_memory "lm" num "lm" lines of memory if > line. 0 => varies -magic_cookie_glitch "xmc" num "sg" number of blank chars left by smso or rmso -padding_baud_rate "pb" num "pb" lowest baud rate where padding needed -virtual_terminal "vt" num "vt" virtual terminal number (CB/unix) -width_status_line "wsl" num "ws" columns in status line -num_labels "nlab" num "Nl" number of lables on screen -label_height "lh" num "lh" rows in each label -label_width "lw" num "lw" columns in each label -max_attributes "ma" num "ma" maximum combined attributes terminal can handle -maximum_windows "wnum" num "MW" maxumum number of defineable windows -# These are newer capabilities, order is probably wrong -max_colors "colors" num "Co" maximum numbers of colors on screen -max_pairs "pairs" num "pa" maximum number of color-pairs on the screen -no_color_video "ncv" num "NC" video attributes that can't be used with colors -buffer_capacity "bufsz" num "Ya" numbers of bytes buffered before printing -dot_horz_spacing "spinh" num "Yc" spacing of pins vertically in pins per inch -dot_vert_spacing "spinv" num "Yb" spacing of dots horizontally in dots per inch -max_micro_address "maddr" num "Yd" maximum value in micro_..._address -max_micro_jump "mjump" num "Ye" maximum value in parm_..._micro -micro_char_size "mcs" num "Yf" character size when in micro mode -micro_line_size "mls" num "Yg" line size when in micro mode -number_of_pins "npins" num "Yh" numbers of pins in print-head -output_res_char "orc" num "Yi" horizontal resolution in units per line -output_res_line "orl" num "Yj" vertical resolution in units per line -output_res_horz_inch "orhi" num "Yk" horizontal resolution in units per inch -output_res_vert_inch "orvi" num "Yl" vertical resolution in units per inch -print_rate "cps" num "Ym" print rate in chars per second -wide_char_size "widcs" num "Yn" character step size when in double wide mode -buttons "btns" num "BT" number of buttons on mouse -bit_image_entwining "bitwin" num "Yo" number of passed for each bit-image row -bit_image_type "bitype" num "Yp" type of bit-image device -# These are the string capabilities -back_tab "cbt" str "bt" back tab -bell "bel" str "bl" audible signal (bell) -carriage_return "cr" str "cr" carriage return -change_scroll_region "csr" str "cs" change region to line #1 to line #2 -clear_all_tabs "tbc" str "ct" clear all tab stops -clear_screen "clear" str "cl" clear screen and home cursor -clr_eol "el" str "ce" clear to end of line -clr_eos "ed" str "cd" clear to edn of screen -column_address "hpa" str "ch" horizontal position, absolute -command_character "cmdch" str "CC" terminal settable cmd character in prototype !? -cursor_address "cup" str "cm" move to row #1 columns #2 -cursor_down "cud1" str "do" down one line -cursor_home "home" str "ho" home cursor (if no cup) -cursor_invisible "civis" str "vi" make cursor invisible -cursor_left "cub1" str "le" move left one space -cursor_mem_address "mrcup" str "CM" memory relative cursor addressing -cursor_normal "cnorm" str "ve" make cursor appear normal (undo civis/cvvis) -cursor_right "cuf1" str "nd" move right one space -cursor_to_ll "ll" str "ll" last line, first column (if no cup) -cursor_up "cuu1" str "up" up one line -cursor_visible "cvvis" str "vs" make cursor very visible -delete_character "dch1" str "dc" delete character -delete_line "dl1" str "dl" delete line -dis_status_line "dsl" str "ds" disable status line -down_half_line "hd" str "hd" half a line down -enter_alt_charset_mode "smacs" str "as" start alternate character set -enter_blink_mode "blink" str "mb" turn on blinking -enter_bold_mode "bold" str "md" turn on bold (extra bright) mode -enter_ca_mode "smcup" str "ti" string to start programs using cup -enter_delete_mode "smdc" str "dm" enter delete mode -enter_dim_mode "dim" str "mh" turn on half-bright mode -enter_insert_mode "smir" str "im" enter insert mode -enter_secure_mode "invis" str "mk" turn on blank mode (characters invisible) -enter_protected_mode "prot" str "mp" turn on protected mode -enter_reverse_mode "rev" str "mr" turn on reverse video mode -enter_standout_mode "smso" str "so" begin standout mode -enter_underline_mode "smul" str "us" begin underline mode -erase_chars "ech" str "ec" erase #1 characters -exit_alt_charset_mode "rmacs" str "ae" end alternate character set -exit_attribute_mode "sgr0" str "me" turn off all attributes -exit_ca_mode "rmcup" str "te" strings to end programs using cup -exit_delete_mode "rmdc" str "ed" end delete mode -exit_insert_mode "rmir" str "ei" exit insert mode -exit_standout_mode "rmso" str "se" exit standout mode -exit_underline_mode "rmul" str "ue" exit underline mode -flash_screen "flash" str "vb" visible bell (may not move cursor) -form_feed "ff" str "ff" hardcopy terminal page eject -from_status_line "fsl" str "fs" return from status line -init_1string "is1" str "i1" initialization string -init_2string "is2" str "is" initialization string -init_3string "is3" str "i3" initialization string -init_file "if" str "if" name of initialization file -insert_character "ich1" str "ic" insert character -insert_line "il1" str "al" insert line -insert_padding "ip" str "ip" insert padding after inserted character -key_backspace "kbs" str "kb" backspace key -key_catab "ktbc" str "ka" clear-all-tabs key -key_clear "kclr" str "kC" clear-screen or erase key -key_ctab "kctab" str "kt" clear-tab key -key_dc "kdch1" str "kD" delete-character key -key_dl "kdl1" str "kL" delete-line key -key_down "kcud1" str "kd" down-arrow key -key_eic "krmir" str "kM" sent by rmir or smir in insert mode -key_eol "kel" str "kE" clear-to-end-of-line key -key_eos "ked" str "kS" clear-to-end-of-screen key -key_f0 "kf0" str "k0" F0 function key -key_f1 "kf1" str "k1" F1 function key -key_f10 "kf10" str "k;" F10 function key -key_f2 "kf2" str "k2" F2 function key -key_f3 "kf3" str "k3" F3 function key -key_f4 "kf4" str "k4" F4 function key -key_f5 "kf5" str "k5" F5 function key -key_f6 "kf6" str "k6" F6 function key -key_f7 "kf7" str "k7" F7 function key -key_f8 "kf8" str "k8" F8 fucntion key -key_f9 "kf9" str "k9" F9 function key -key_home "khome" str "kh" home key -key_ic "kich1" str "kI" insert-character key -key_il "kil1" str "kA" insert-line key -key_left "kcub1" str "kl" left-arrow key -key_ll "kll" str "kH" last-line key -key_npage "knp" str "kN" next-page key -key_ppage "kpp" str "kP" prev-page key -key_right "kcuf1" str "kr" right-arrow key -key_sf "kind" str "kF" scroll-forward key -key_sr "kri" str "kR" scroll-backward key -key_stab "khts" str "kT" set-tab key -key_up "kcuu1" str "ku" up-arrow key -keypad_local "rmkx" str "ke" out of 'keyboard_transmit' mode -keypad_xmit "smkx" str "ks" enter into 'keyboard_transmit' mode -lab_f0 "lf0" str "l0" label on function key f0 if not f0 -lab_f1 "lf1" str "l1" label on function key f1 if not f1 -lab_f10 "lf10" str "la" label on function key f10 if not f10 -lab_f2 "lf2" str "l2" label on function key f2 if not f2 -lab_f3 "lf3" str "l3" label on function key f3 if not f3 -lab_f4 "lf4" str "l4" label on function key f4 if not f4 -lab_f5 "lf5" str "l5" lable on function key f5 if not f5 -lab_f6 "lf6" str "l6" label on function key f6 if not f6 -lab_f7 "lf7" str "l7" label on function key f7 if not f7 -lab_f8 "lf8" str "l8" label on function key f8 if not f8 -lab_f9 "lf9" str "l9" label on function key f9 if not f9 -meta_off "rmm" str "mo" turn off meta mode -meta_on "smm" str "mm" turn on meta mode (8th-bit on) -newline "nel" str "nw" newline (behave like cr followed be lf) -pad_char "pad" str "pc" padding char (instead of null) -parm_dch "dch" str "DC" delete #1 chars -parm_delete_line "dl" str "DL" delete #1 lines -parm_down_cursor "cud" str "DO" down #1 lines -parm_ich "ich" str "IC" insert #1 chars -parm_index "indn" str "SF" scroll forward #1 lines -parm_insert_line "il" str "AL" insert #1 lines -parm_left_cursor "cub" str "LE" move #1 chars to the left -parm_right_cursor "cuf" str "RI" move #1 chars to the right -parm_rindex "rin" str "SR" scroll back #1 lines -parm_up_cursor "cuu" str "UP" up #1 lines -pkey_key "pfkey" str "pk" program function key #1 to type string #2 -pkey_local "pfloc" str "pl" program function key #1 to execute string #2 -pkey_xmit "pfx" str "px" program function key #1 to transmit string #2 -print_screen "mc0" str "ps" print contents of screen -prtr_off "mc4" str "pf" turn off printer -prtr_on "mc5" str "po" turn on printer -repeat_char "rep" str "rp" repeat char #1 #2 times -reset_1string "rs1" str "r1" reset string -reset_2string "rs2" str "r2" reset string -reset_3string "rs3" str "r3" reset string -reset_file "rf" str "rf" name of reset file -restore_cursor "rc" str "rc" restore cursor to last position of sc -row_address "vpa" str "cv" vertical position absolute -save_cursor "sc" str "sc" save current cursor position -scroll_forward "ind" str "sf" scroll text up -scroll_reverse "ri" str "sr" scroll text down -set_attributes "sgr" str "sa" define video attributes #1-#9 -set_tab "hts" str "st" set a tab in every row, current columns -set_window "wind" str "wi" current window is lines #1-#2 cols #3-#4 -tab "ht" str "ta" tab to next 8-space hardware tab stop -to_status_line "tsl" str "ts" move to status line -underline_char "uc" str "uc" underline char and move past it -up_half_line "hu" str "hu" half a line up -init_prog "iprog" str "iP" path name of program for initialization -key_a1 "ka1" str "K1" upper left of keypad -key_a3 "ka3" str "K3" upper right of keypad -key_b2 "kb2" str "K2" center of keypad -key_c1 "kc1" str "K4" lower left of keypad -key_c3 "kc3" str "K5" lower right of keypad -prtr_non "mc5p" str "pO" turn on printer for #1 bytes -char_padding "rmp" str "rP" like ip but when in insert mode -acs_chars "acsc" str "ac" graphics charset pairs - def=vt100 -plab_norm "pln" str "pn" program label #1 to show string #2 -key_btab "kcbt" str "kB" back-tab key -enter_xon_mode "smxon" str "SX" turn on xon/xoff handshaking -exit_xon_mode "rmxon" str "RX" turn off xon/xoff handshaking -enter_am_mode "smam" str "SA" turn on automatic margins -exit_am_mode "rmam" str "RA" turn off automatic margins -xoff_character "xoffc" str "XF" XON character -xon_character "xonc" str "XN" XOFF character -ena_acs "enacs" str "eA" enable alternate char set -label_on "smln" str "LO" turn on soft labels -label_off "rmln" str "LF" turn off soft labels -key_beg "kbeg" str "@1" begin key -key_cancel "kcan" str "@2" cancel key -key_close "kclo" str "@3" close key -key_command "kcmd" str "@4" command key -key_copy "kcpy" str "@5" copy key -key_create "kcrt" str "@6" create key -key_end "kend" str "@7" end key -key_enter "kent" str "@8" enter/send key -key_exit "kext" str "@9" exit key -key_find "kfnd" str "@0" find key -key_help "khlp" str "%1" help key -key_mark "kmrk" str "%2" mark key -key_message "kmsg" str "%3" message key -key_move "kmov" str "%4" move key -key_next "knxt" str "%5" next key -key_open "kopn" str "%6" open key -key_options "kopt" str "%7" options key -key_previous "kprv" str "%8" previous key -key_print "kprt" str "%9" print key -key_redo "krdo" str "%0" redo key -key_reference "kref" str "&1" reference key -key_refresh "krfr" str "&2" refresh key -key_replace "krpl" str "&3" replace key -key_restart "krst" str "&4" restart key -key_resume "kres" str "&5" resume key -key_save "ksav" str "&6" save key -key_suspend "kspd" str "&7" suspend key -key_undo "kund" str "&8" undo key -key_sbeg "kBEG" str "&9" shifted key -key_scancel "kCAN" str "&0" shifted key -key_scommand "kCMD" str "*1" shifted key -key_scopy "kCPY" str "*2" shifted key -key_screate "kCRT" str "*3" shifted key -key_sdc "kDC" str "*4" shifted key -key_sdl "kDL" str "*5" shifted key -key_select "kslt" str "*6" -key_send "kEND" str "*7" shifted key -key_seol "kEOL" str "*8" shifted key -key_sexit "kEXT" str "*9" shifted key -key_sfind "kFND" str "*0" shifted key -key_shelp "kHLP" str "#1" shifted key -key_shome "kHOM" str "#2" shifted key -key_sic "kIC" str "#3" shifted key -key_sleft "kLFT" str "#4" shifted key -key_smessage "kMSG" str "%a" shifted key -key_smove "kMOV" str "%b" shifted key -key_snext "kNXT" str "%c" shifted key -key_soptions "kOPT" str "%d" shifted key -key_sprevious "kPRV" str "%e" shifted key -key_sprint "kPRT" str "%f" shifted key -key_sredo "kRDO" str "%g" shifted key -key_sreplace "kRPL" str "%h" shifted key -key_sright "kRIT" str "%i" shifted key -key_srsume "kRES" str "%j" shifted key -key_ssave "kSAV" str "!1" shifted key -key_ssuspend "kSPD" str "!2" shifted key -key_sundo "kUND" str "!3" shifted key -req_for_input "rfi" str "RF" -key_f11 "kf11" str "F1" F11 function key -key_f12 "kf12" str "F2" F11 function key -key_f13 "kf13" str "F3" F11 function key -key_f14 "kf14" str "F4" F11 function key -key_f15 "kf15" str "F5" F11 function key -key_f16 "kf16" str "F6" F11 function key -key_f17 "kf17" str "F7" F11 function key -key_f18 "kf18" str "F8" F11 function key -key_f19 "kf19" str "F9" F11 function key -key_f20 "kf20" str "FA" F11 function key -key_f21 "kf21" str "FB" F11 function key -key_f22 "kf22" str "FC" F11 function key -key_f23 "kf23" str "FD" F11 function key -key_f24 "kf24" str "FE" F11 function key -key_f25 "kf25" str "FF" F11 function key -key_f26 "kf26" str "FG" F11 function key -key_f27 "kf27" str "FH" F11 function key -key_f28 "kf28" str "FI" F11 function key -key_f29 "kf29" str "FJ" F11 function key -key_f30 "kf30" str "FK" F11 function key -key_f31 "kf31" str "FL" F11 function key -key_f32 "kf32" str "FM" F11 function key -key_f33 "kf33" str "FN" F11 function key -key_f34 "kf34" str "FO" F11 function key -key_f35 "kf35" str "FP" F11 function key -key_f36 "kf36" str "FQ" F11 function key -key_f37 "kf37" str "FR" F11 function key -key_f38 "kf38" str "FS" F11 function key -key_f39 "kf39" str "FT" F11 function key -key_f40 "kf40" str "FU" F11 function key -key_f41 "kf41" str "FV" F11 function key -key_f42 "kf42" str "FW" F11 function key -key_f43 "kf43" str "FX" F11 function key -key_f44 "kf44" str "FY" F11 function key -key_f45 "kf45" str "FZ" F11 function key -key_f46 "kf46" str "Fa" F11 function key -key_f47 "kf47" str "Fb" F11 function key -key_f48 "kf48" str "Fc" F11 function key -key_f49 "kf49" str "Fd" F11 function key -key_f50 "kf50" str "Fe" F11 function key -key_f51 "kf51" str "Ff" F11 function key -key_f52 "kf52" str "Fg" F11 function key -key_f53 "kf53" str "Fh" F11 function key -key_f54 "kf54" str "Fi" F11 function key -key_f55 "kf55" str "Fj" F11 function key -key_f56 "kf56" str "Fk" F11 function key -key_f57 "kf57" str "Fl" F11 function key -key_f58 "kf58" str "Fm" F11 function key -key_f59 "kf59" str "Fn" F11 function key -key_f60 "kf60" str "Fo" F11 function key -key_f61 "kf61" str "Fp" F11 function key -key_f62 "kf62" str "Fq" F11 function key -key_f63 "kf63" str "Fr" F11 function key -clr_bol "el1" str "cb" Clear to beginning of line -clear_margins "mgc" str "MC" clear righ and left soft margins -set_left_margin "smgl" str "ML" set left soft margin -set_right_margin "smgr" str "MR" set right soft margin -label_format "fln" str "Lf" label format -set_clock "sclk" str "SC" set clock -display_clock "dclk" str "DK" display clock -remove_clock "rmclk" str "RC" remove clock -create_window "cwin" str "CW" define a window #1 from #2, #3 to #4, #5 -goto_window "wingo" str "WG" go to window #1 -hangup "hup" str "HU" hang-up phone -dial_phone "dial" str "DI" dial number #1 -quick_dial "qdial" str "QD" dial number #1 without checking -tone "tone" str "TO" select touch tone dialing -pulse "pulse" str "PU" select pulse dialling -flash_hook "hook" str "fh" flash switch hook -fixed_pause "pause" str "PA" pause for 2-3 seconds -wait_tone "wait" str "WA" wait for dial-tone -user0 "u0" str "u0" User string # 0 -user1 "u1" str "u1" User string # 1 -user2 "u2" str "u2" User string # 2 -user3 "u3" str "u3" User string # 3 -user4 "u4" str "u4" User string # 4 -user5 "u5" str "u5" User string # 5 -user6 "u6" str "u6" User string # 6 -user7 "u7" str "u7" User string # 7 -user8 "u8" str "u8" User string # 8 -user9 "u9" str "u9" User string # 9 -orig_pair "op" str "op" -orig_colors "oc" str "oc" -initialize_color "initc" str "Ic" -initialize_pair "initp" str "Ip" -set_color_pair "scp" str "sp" -set_foreground "setf" str "Sf" -set_background "setb" str "Sb" -change_char_pitch "cpi" str "ZA" -change_line_pitch "lpi" str "ZB" -change_res_horz "chr" str "ZC" -change_res_vert "cvr" str "ZD" -define_char "defc" str "ZE" -enter_doublewide_mode "swidm" str "ZF" -enter_draft_quality "sdrfq" str "ZG" -enter_italics_mode "sitm" str "ZH" -enter_leftward_mode "slm" str "ZI" -enter_micro_mode "smicm" str "ZJ" -enter_near_letter_quality "snlq" str "ZK" -enter_normal_quality "snrmq" str "ZL" -enter_shadow_mode "sshm" str "ZM" -enter_subscript_mode "ssubm" str "ZN" -enter_superscript_mode "ssupm" str "ZO" -enter_upward_mode "sum" str "ZP" -exit_doublewide_mode "rwidm" str "ZQ" -exit_italics_mode "ritm" str "ZR" -exit_leftward_mode "rlm" str "ZS" -exit_micro_mode "rmicm" str "ZT" -exit_shadow_mode "rshm" str "ZU" -exit_subscript_mode "rsubm" str "ZV" -exit_superscript_mode "rsupm" str "ZW" -exit_upward_mode "rum" str "ZX" -micro_column_address "mhpa" str "ZY" -micro_down "mcud1" str "ZZ" -micro_left "mcub1" str "Za" -micro_right "mcuf1" str "Zb" -micro_row_address "mvpa" str "Zc" -micro_up "mcuu1" str "Zd" -order_of_pins "porder" str "Ze" -parm_down_micro "mcud" str "Zf" -parm_left_micro "mcub" str "Zg" -parm_right_micro "mcuf" str "Zh" -parm_up_micro "mcuu" str "Zi" -select_char_set "scs" str "Zj" -set_bottom_margin "smgb" str "Zk" -set_bottom_margin_parm "smgbp" str "Zl" -set_left_margin_parm "smglp" str "Zm" -set_right_margin_parm "smgrp" str "Zn" -set_top_margin "smgt" str "Zo" -set_top_margin_parm "smgtp" str "Zp" -start_bit_image "sbim" str "Zq" -start_char_set_def "scsd" str "Zr" -stop_bit_image "rbim" str "Zs" -stop_char_set_def "rcsd" str "Zt" -subscript_characters "subcs" str "Zu" -superscript_characters "supcs" str "Zv" -these_cause_cr "docr" str "Zw" -zero_motion "zerom" str "Zx" -char_set_names "csnm" str "Zy" -key_mouse "kmous" str "Km" -mouse_info "minfo" str "Mi" -req_mouse_pos "reqmp" str "RQ" -get_mouse "getm" str "Gm" -set_a_foreground "setaf" str "AF" -set_a_background "setab" str "AB" -pkey_plab "pfxl" str "xl" -device_type "devt" str "dv" -code_set_init "csin" str "ci" -set0_des_seq "s0ds" str "s0" -set1_des_seq "s1ds" str "s1" -set2_des_seq "s2ds" str "s2" -set3_des_seq "s3ds" str "s3" -set_lr_margin "smglr" str "ML" -set_tb_margin "smgtb" str "MT" -bit_image_repeat "birep" str "Xy" -bit_image_newline "binel" str "Zz" -bit_image_carriage_return "bicr" str "Yv" -color_names "colornm" str "Yw" -define_bit_image_region "defbi" str "Yx" -end_bit_image_region "endbi" str "Yy" -set_color_band "setcolor" str "Yz" -set_page_length "slines" str "YZ" -display_pc_char "dispc" str "S1" -enter_pc_charset_mode "smpch" str "S2" -exit_pc_charset_mode "rmpch" str "S3" -enter_scancode_mode "smsc" str "S4" -exit_scancode_mode "rmsc" str "S5" -pc_term_options "pctrm" str "S6" -scancode_escape "scesc" str "S7" -alt_scancode_esc "scesa" str "S8" -# These capabilities or either obselete or extentions on certain systems -# They are not used by SVR4 terminfo, so I have no idea in order they -# should be -backspace_if_not_bs "OTbc" str "bc" -other_non_function_keys "OTko" str "ko" -arrow_key_map "OTma" str "ma" -memory_lock_above "OTml" str "ml" -memory_unlock "OTmu" str "mu" -linefeed_if_not_lf "OTnl" str "nl" -key_interrupt_char "UWki" str "ki" -key_kill_char "UWkk" str "kk" -key_suspend_char "UWkz" str "kz" -scroll_left "sl1" str "Sl" -scroll_right "sr1" str "Sr" -parm_scroll_left "sl" str "SL" -parm_scroll_right "sr" str "SR" diff --git a/share/timedef/data/ru_SU.KOI8-R b/share/timedef/data/ru_SU.KOI8-R deleted file mode 100644 index c51ad3f..0000000 --- a/share/timedef/data/ru_SU.KOI8-R +++ /dev/null @@ -1,78 +0,0 @@ -# $Id$ -# -# WARNING: spaces may be essential at the end of lines -# WARNING: empty lines are essential too -# -# Short months names -# -янв -фев -мар -апр -мая -июн -июл -авг -сен -окт -ноя -дек -# -# Long months names -# -января -февраля -марта -апреля -мая -июня -июля -августа -сентября -октября -ноября -декабря -# -# Short weekdays names -# -вос -пон -вто -сре -чет -пят -суб -# -# Long weekdays names -# -воскресенье -понедельник -вторник -среда -четверг -пятница -суббота -# -# X_fmt -# -%H:%M:%S -# -# x_fmt -# -%d.%m.%y -# -# c_fmt -# -%a %e %b %X %Y -# -# am -# (two spaces) - -# -# pm -# -пп -# -# date_fmt -# -%a %e %b %X %Z %Y diff --git a/share/tmac/Makefile b/share/tmac/Makefile deleted file mode 100644 index 0c81cba..0000000 --- a/share/tmac/Makefile +++ /dev/null @@ -1,25 +0,0 @@ -# @(#)Makefile 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/8/93 - -# XXX MISSING: tmac.r -FILES= tmac.andoc tmac.s tmac.e -MSRCS= doc doc-ditroff doc-common doc-nroff doc-syms - -LINKS= ${BINDIR}/tmac/tmac.andoc ${BINDIR}/tmac/tmac.an -NOOBJ= noobj - -# old macros not currently installed... -# OFILES= tmac.a tmac.cp - -all clean cleandir depend lint tags: - -beforeinstall: - for i in ${MSRCS}; do \ - sed -f strip.sed < $$i > ${DESTDIR}${BINDIR}/tmac/tmac.$$i; \ - chown ${BINOWN}.${BINGRP} ${DESTDIR}${BINDIR}/tmac/tmac.$$i; \ - chmod 444 ${DESTDIR}${BINDIR}/tmac/tmac.$$i; \ - done - install -c -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 444 ${FILES} \ - ${DESTDIR}${BINDIR}/tmac - - -.include <bsd.prog.mk> diff --git a/share/zoneinfo/datfiles/asia b/share/zoneinfo/datfiles/asia deleted file mode 100644 index 0fc6725..0000000 --- a/share/zoneinfo/datfiles/asia +++ /dev/null @@ -1,331 +0,0 @@ -# @(#)asia 7.1 - -# From Guy Harris: -# Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as -# additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental -# Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide - -# Worldwide Edition). The names for time zones are guesses. - -############################################################################### - -# People's Republic of China - -# From Guy Harris: -# People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone. - -# From Bob Devine (January 28, 1988): -# No they don't. See TIME mag, February 17, 1986 p.52. Even though -# China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the -# Peking (Bejing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China -# has two of 'em -- Peking's and Urumqi (named after the capital of -# the Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it. -# -# . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too -# painful to suck in another copy.. So, here is what I have for -# DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP): -# -# 1986 May 4 - Sept 14 -# 1987 mid-April - ?? - -# From U. S. Naval Observatory (January 19, 1989): -# CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN -# CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10 - -# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -Rule PRC 1970 max - Apr Sun<=14 2:00 1:00 D -Rule PRC 1970 max - Sep Sun<=14 3:00 0 S - -# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES/SAVE FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone PRC 8:00 PRC C%sT - -############################################################################### - -# Republic of China - -# From Guy Harris - -# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES/SAVE FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone ROC 8:00 - CST - -############################################################################### - -# Hongkong - -# From Guy Harris - -# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES/SAVE FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Hongkong 8:00 - HKT - -############################################################################### - -# Iran - -# From Bob Devine (January 28, 1988): -# Iran: Last Sunday in March to third (?) Sunday in -# September. Since the revolution, the official calendar is Monarchic -# calendar; I have no idea what the correspondence between dates are. - -# From U. S. Naval Observatory (January 19, 1989): -# IRAN 3.5H AHEAD OF UTC - -# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -Rule Iran 1988 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D -Rule Iran 1988 max - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 S - -# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES/SAVE FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Iran 3:30 Iran I%sT - -############################################################################### - -# Israel - -# From U. S. Naval Observatory (January 19, 1989): -# ISRAEL 2 H AHEAD OF UTC -# ISRAEL 3 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 10 - SEP 3 - -# From Ephraim Silverberg (April 18, 1989): - -# Prior to 1989, the rules concerning Daylight Savings Time changed every -# year; as information, regarding exact times and dates during this period, -# is not readily available at the present time, the rules commence starting -# with the year 1989. - -# From 1989 onwards the rules are as follows: -# -# 1. Daylight Savings Time commences midnight of the first Saturday night -# following the seven-day festival of Pesach (Passover). The transition -# is from midnight Israel Standard Time to 1 a.m. Israel Daylight Savings -# time. As the Pesach festival is dependent on the Lunar calendar (the -# first day is always on the 15th day of the month of Nisan), the rule -# changes every year on the Gregorian calendar. -# -# 2. Standard Time is reinstated on the Saturday night whereupon Jews -# following the Ashkenazi (European) rite begin to recite the Selichot -# (forgiveness) prayers prior to the Jewish Lunar New Year. The transition -# is from midnight Israel Daylight Savings time to 11 p.m. Israel Standard -# Time. The law (according to the Ashkenazi custom) concerning the -# commencement of the Selichot prayers is described in chapter 128, section -# 5 of the "Code of Jewish Law," by Rabbi Shlomo Ganzfried (translated by -# Hyman E. Goldin): -# -# Beginning with the Sunday [**] before Rosh Hashanah [***], -# we rise early for the service of Selichot (supplications for -# forgiveness). If Rosh Hashanah occurs on Monday or Tuesday, we -# begin saying the Selichot from the Sunday of the preceding week. -# -# This, too, varies from year to year on the Gregorian calendar and, thus, -# two explicit timezone rules are required for each Gregorian year. -# -# [**] actually Saturday night as the Jewish day commences at nightfall. -# [***] the Jewish Lunar New Year. - -# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -Rule Zion 1989 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D -Rule Zion 1989 only - Sep 24 0:00 0:00 S -Rule Zion 1990 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 D -Rule Zion 1990 only - Sep 16 0:00 0:00 S -Rule Zion 1991 only - Apr 7 0:00 1:00 D -Rule Zion 1991 only - Sep 1 0:00 0:00 S -Rule Zion 1992 only - Apr 26 0:00 1:00 D -Rule Zion 1992 only - Sep 20 0:00 0:00 S -Rule Zion 1993 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 D -Rule Zion 1993 only - Sep 12 0:00 0:00 S -Rule Zion 1994 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 D -Rule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0:00 S -Rule Zion 1995 only - Apr 23 0:00 1:00 D -Rule Zion 1995 only - Sep 17 0:00 0:00 S -Rule Zion 1996 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D -Rule Zion 1996 only - Sep 8 0:00 0:00 S -Rule Zion 1997 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 D -Rule Zion 1997 only - Sep 28 0:00 0:00 S -Rule Zion 1998 only - Apr 19 0:00 1:00 D -Rule Zion 1998 only - Sep 13 0:00 0:00 S -Rule Zion 1999 only - Apr 11 0:00 1:00 D -Rule Zion 1999 only - Sep 5 0:00 0:00 S -Rule Zion 2000 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D -Rule Zion 2000 only - Sep 24 0:00 0:00 S -Rule Zion 2001 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D -Rule Zion 2001 only - Sep 9 0:00 0:00 S -Rule Zion 2002 only - Apr 7 0:00 1:00 D -Rule Zion 2002 only - Sep 1 0:00 0:00 S -Rule Zion 2003 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 D -Rule Zion 2003 only - Sep 21 0:00 0:00 S -Rule Zion 2004 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 D -Rule Zion 2004 only - Sep 12 0:00 0:00 S -Rule Zion 2005 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D -Rule Zion 2005 only - Sep 25 0:00 0:00 S -Rule Zion 2006 only - Apr 23 0:00 1:00 D -Rule Zion 2006 only - Sep 17 0:00 0:00 S -Rule Zion 2007 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D -Rule Zion 2007 only - Sep 9 0:00 0:00 S -Rule Zion 2008 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 D -Rule Zion 2008 only - Sep 21 0:00 0:00 S -Rule Zion 2009 only - Apr 19 0:00 1:00 D -Rule Zion 2009 only - Sep 13 0:00 0:00 S - -# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES/SAVE FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Israel 2:00 Zion I%sT - -# The following is a chart of the day of the week and Gregorian date of -# the first day of Pesach and the first day of Rosh Hashanah for the years -# 1989 through 2009 inclusive. -# -# First Day of Passover -# --------------------- -# Gregorian Year Day of Week Month Day -# -------------- ----------- ----- --- -# 1989 Thursday April 20 -# 1990 Tuesday April 10 -# 1991 Saturday March 30 -# 1992 Saturday April 18 -# 1993 Tuesday April 6 -# 1994 Sunday March 27 -# 1995 Saturday April 15 -# 1996 Thursday April 4 -# 1997 Tuesday April 22 -# 1998 Saturday April 11 -# 1999 Thursday April 1 -# 2000 Thursday April 20 -# 2001 Sunday April 8 -# 2002 Thursday March 28 -# 2003 Thursday April 17 -# 2004 Tuesday April 6 -# 2005 Sunday April 24 -# 2006 Thursday April 13 -# 2007 Tuesday April 3 -# 2008 Sunday April 20 -# 2009 Thursday April 9 -# -# First Day of Rosh Hashanah -# -------------------------- -# Gregorian Year Day of Week Month Day -# -------------- ----------- ----- --- -# 1989 Saturday September 30 -# 1990 Thursday September 20 -# 1991 Monday September 9 -# 1992 Monday September 28 -# 1993 Thursday September 16 -# 1994 Tuesday September 6 -# 1995 Monday September 25 -# 1996 Saturday September 14 -# 1997 Thursday October 2 -# 1998 Monday September 21 -# 1999 Saturday September 11 -# 2000 Saturday September 30 -# 2001 Tuesday September 18 -# 2002 Saturday September 7 -# 2003 Saturday September 27 -# 2004 Thursday September 16 -# 2005 Tuesday October 4 -# 2006 Saturday September 23 -# 2007 Thursday September 13 -# 2008 Tuesday September 30 -# 2009 Saturday September 19 - -############################################################################### - -# Japan - -# From Guy Harris - -# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES/SAVE FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Japan 9:00 - JST - -############################################################################### - -# Republic of Korea - -# From Guy Harris: -# According to someone at the Korean Times in San Francisco, -# Daylight Savings Time was not observed until 1987. He did not know -# at what time of day DST starts or ends. - -# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -Rule ROK 1987 max - May Sun<=14 2:00 1:00 D -Rule ROK 1987 max - Oct Sun<=14 3:00 0 S - -# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES/SAVE FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone ROK 9:00 ROK K%sT - -############################################################################### - -# Lebanon - -# From Bob Devine (January 28, 1988): -# Lebanon: They do have DST but I don't know the dates. - -############################################################################### - -# Singapore - -# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES/SAVE FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Singapore 8:00 - SST - -# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -Rule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D -Rule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 K -Rule Russia 1984 1990 - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 K -Rule Russia 1985 1990 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D -Rule Russia 1992 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 K -Rule Russia 1992 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D - -# Armenia -# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2 - 3:00 - MSK 1957 Mar - 4:00 Russia BS%s 1991 Sep 29 3:00 - 3:00 Russia MS%s - -# Azerbaijan -# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 - 3:00 - MSK 1957 Mar - 4:00 Russia BS%s 1991 Sep 29 3:00 - 3:00 Russia MS%s - -# Georgia -# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -#Zone Tbilisi 2:59:16 - LMT 1880 -Zone Tbilisi 2:59 - LST 1924 May 2 - 3:00 - MSK 1957 Mar - 4:00 Russia BS%s 1991 Sep 29 3:00 - 3:00 Russia MS%s - -# Kazakhstan -# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993): -# Before 1993, Almaty was known by its Russian name ``Alma-Ata''. -# From Shanks (1991): -# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 - 5:00 - TSK 1957 Mar - 6:00 Russia TS%s 1991 Sep 29 3:00 - 5:00 Russia TS%s - -# Kyrgyzstan -# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Frunze 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 - 5:00 - TSK 1957 Mar - 6:00 Russia TS%s 1991 Sep 29 3:00 - 5:00 Russia TS%s - -# Tajikistan -# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 - 5:00 - TSK 1957 Mar - 6:00 Russia TS%s 1991 Sep 29 3:00 - 5:00 Russia TS%s - -# Turkmenistan -# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Ashkhabad 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 - 4:00 - BSK 1957 Mar - 5:00 Russia SS%s 1991 Sep 29 3:00 - 4:00 Russia BS%s - -# Uzbekistan -# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Tashkent 4:37:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 - 5:00 - TSK 1957 Mar - 6:00 Russia TS%s 1991 Sep 29 3:00 - 5:00 Russia TS%s - diff --git a/share/zoneinfo/datfiles/europe b/share/zoneinfo/datfiles/europe deleted file mode 100644 index bf9e297..0000000 --- a/share/zoneinfo/datfiles/europe +++ /dev/null @@ -1,318 +0,0 @@ -# @(#)europe 4.10 - -# International country codes are used to identify countries' rules and -# zones -# -# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, go -# ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to -# ado@ncifcrf.gov for general use in the future). - -############################################################################### - -# United Kingdom - -# From Arthur David Olson (January 19, 1989): -# -# The starting and ending dates below (from which the rules are derived) -# are from Whitaker's Almanack for 1987, page 146. -# 1960 is the earliest year for which dates are given; -# Whitaker's notes that British Summer Time (and, in some years, Double Summer -# Time) was observed in earlier years but does not give start and end dates. -# -# A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's -# known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom. -# 1960 April 10 October 2 (yes, 2, according to the almanac) -# 1961 March 26 October 29 -# 1962 March 25 October 28 -# 1963 March 31 October 27 -# 1964 March 22 October 25 -# 1965 March 21 October 24 -# 1966 March 20 October 23 -# 1967 March 19 October 29 -# 1968 February 18 October 27 -# "British Standard Time, also one hour ahead of G. M. T., was kept between -# 1968 Oct. 27-1971 Oct. 31." -# 1972 March 19 October 29 -# 1973 March 18 October 28 -# 1974 March 17 October 27 -# 1975 March 16 October 26 -# 1976 March 21 October 24 -# 1977 March 20 October 23 -# 1978 March 19 October 29 -# 1979 March 18 October 28 -# 1980 March 16 October 26 -# 1981 March 29 October 25 -# 1982 March 28 October 24 -# 1983 March 27 October 23 -# 1984 March 25 October 28 -# 1985 March 31 October 27 -# 1986 March 30 October 26 -# 1987 March 29 October 25 - -# From an Anonymous U. K. Donor (January 4, 1989): -# -# It is NOT possible to predict when [British Summer Time] will change -# in a future year. -# -# (The admiralty calculate when they think it should be (no more that a couple -# of years in advance) and advise the government who then decide whether or -# not they will take the admiralty's advice) -# -# ...the Gre[e]nwich...observatory...[was] very helpful. -# -# I was not able to track down the Admiralty formula (I tried hard but failed) - -# ... -# Date: 4 Jan 89 08:57:25 GMT (Wed) -# From: Jonathan Leffler <nih-csl!uunet!mcvax!sphinx.co.uk!john> -# ... -# [British Summer Time] is fixed annually by Act of Parliament. -# If you can predict what Parliament will do, you should be in -# politics making a fortune, not computing. -# -# Summer time ends on Sunday 29 October 1989. - -# ... -# Date: 5 Jan 89 09:50:38 GMT (Thu) -# From: Peter Kendell <nih-csl!uunet!mcvax!tcom.stc.co.uk!pete> -# ... -# -# From my Collins Diary for 1989 - -# -# "At the time of going to press the Home Office was unable to confirm -# the 1989 starting and finishing dates for BST*, but expressed the -# view that 26 March and 29 October were the likeliest dates to be -# adopted" -# -# *British Summer Time. - -# From an Anonymous U. K. Donor (January 5, 1989): -# -# . . .our government is seriously considering applying Double Summer Time - -# putting the clocks forwards and back TWO hours for daylight saving time. -# This is advocated to standardise time in the EEC - we're all supposed to -# keep the same time and to change the clocks on the same dates in the future. - -# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -# Historic starting rules -Rule GB-Eire 1960 only - Apr 10 1:00s 1:00 BST -Rule GB-Eire 1961 1963 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 BST -Rule GB-Eire 1964 1967 - Mar Sun>=19 1:00s 1:00 BST -Rule GB-Eire 1968 only - Feb 18 1:00s 1:00 BST -Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 1:00s 1:00 BST -# Historic ending rules -Rule GB-Eire 1960 only - Oct 2 1:00s 0 GMT -Rule GB-Eire 1961 1967 - Oct Sun>=23 1:00s 0 GMT -Rule GB-Eire 1971 only - Oct 31 1:00s 0 GMT -# Current rules -Rule GB-Eire 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 BST -Rule GB-Eire 1972 max - Oct Sun>=23 1:00s 0 GMT - -# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES/SAVE FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone GB-Eire 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27 1:00s - 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 1:00s - 0:00 GB-Eire %s - -############################################################################### - -# Continental Europe - -# The use of 1986 as starting years below is conservative. - -Rule W-Eur 1986 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule W-Eur 1986 max - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - - -Rule M-Eur 1986 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule M-Eur 1986 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - - -Rule E-Eur 1986 max - Mar lastSun 3:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule E-Eur 1986 max - Sep lastSun 3:00s 0 - - -Rule Turkey 1986 max - Mar lastSun 1:00 1:00 " DST" -Rule Turkey 1986 max - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - - -Rule W-SU 1986 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule W-SU 1986 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - - -# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -#Rule Russia 1880 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - -Rule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 " DST" -Rule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 - -Rule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 " DDST" -Rule Russia 1918 only - Sep 17 0:00 1:00 " DST" -Rule Russia 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 " DDST" -Rule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 D -Rule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 K -Rule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 D -# Shanks gives 1921 Mar 21 for the following transition. -# From Andrew A. Chernov <ache@astral.msk.su> (November 12, 1993): -# My sources says, that it is Mar 20, not 21. -Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 DD -Rule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D -Rule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 K -Rule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D -Rule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 K -Rule Russia 1984 1990 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 K -Rule Russia 1985 1990 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D -Rule Russia 1992 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 K -Rule Russia 1992 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D - -# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES/SAVE FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone WET 0:00 W-Eur WET%s -Zone Iceland 0:00 - WET -Zone MET 1:00 M-Eur MET%s -Zone Poland 1:00 W-Eur MET%s -Zone EET 2:00 E-Eur EET%s -Zone Turkey 3:00 Turkey EET%s -Zone W-SU 3:00 M-Eur ???? - -# Tom Hoffman says that MET is also known as Central European Time - -Link MET CET - -############################################################################### - -# One source shows that Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, and Greece observe DST from -# the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in September in 1986. -# The source shows Romania changing a day later than everybody else. -# -# According to Bernard Sieloff's source, Poland is in the MET time zone but -# uses the WE DST rules. The Western USSR uses EET+1 and ME DST rules. -# Bernard Sieloff's source claims Romania switches on the same day, but at -# 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST). It also claims that Turkey -# switches on the same day, but switches on at 01:00 standard time -# and off at 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST) - -# ... -# Date: Wed, 28 Jan 87 16:56:27 -0100 -# From: seismo!mcvax!cgcha!wtho (Tom Hofmann) -# Message-Id: <8701281556.AA22174@cgcha.uucp> -# ... -# -# ...the European time rules are...standardized since 1981, when -# most European coun[tr]ies started DST. Before that year, only -# a few countries (UK, France, Italy) had DST, each according -# to own national rules. In 1981, however, DST started on -# 'Apr firstSun', and not on 'Mar lastSun' as in the following -# years... -# But also since 1981 there are some more national exceptions -# than listed in 'europe': Switzerland, for example, joined DST -# one year later, Denmark ended DST on 'Oct 1' instead of 'Sep -# lastSun' in 1981---I don't know how they handle now. -# -# Finally, DST ist always from 'Apr 1' to 'Oct 1' in the -# Soviet Union (as far as I know). -# -# Tom Hofmann, Scientific Computer Center, CIBA-GEIGY AG, -# 4002 Basle, Switzerland -# UUCP: ...!mcvax!cernvax!cgcha!wtho - -# ... -# Date: Wed, 4 Feb 87 22:35:22 +0100 -# From: seismo!mcvax!cwi.nl!dik (Dik T. Winter) -# ... -# -# The information from Tom Hofmann is (as far as I know) not entirely correct. -# After a request from chongo at amdahl I tried to retrieve all information -# about DST in Europe. I was able to find all from about 1969. -# -# ...standardization on DST in Europe started in about 1977 with switches on -# first Sunday in April and last Sunday in September... -# In 1981 UK joined Europe insofar that -# the starting day for both shifted to last Sunday in March. And from 1982 -# the whole of Europe used DST, with switch dates April 1 and October 1 in -# the Sov[i]et Union. In 1985 the SU reverted to standard Europe[a]n switch -# dates... -# -# It should also be remembered that time-zones are not constants; e.g. -# Portugal switched in 1976 from MET (or CET) to WET with DST... -# Note also that though there were rules for switch dates not -# all countries abided to these dates, and many individual deviations -# occurred, though not since 1982 I believe. Another note: it is always -# assumed that DST is 1 hour ahead of normal time, this need not be the -# case; at least in the Netherlands there have been times when DST was 2 hours -# in advance of normal time. -# -# ... -# dik t. winter, cwi, amsterdam, nederland -# INTERNET : dik@cwi.nl -# BITNET/EARN: dik@mcvax - -# From Bob Devine (January 28, 1988): -# ... -# Greece: Last Sunday in April to last Sunday in September (iffy on dates). -# Since 1978. Change at midnight. -# ... -# Monaco: has same DST as France. -# ... - -# Russia -# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993): -# Moscow and Novosibirsk time zone names, and Moscow rules after 1991, -# are from Andrew A. Chernov <ache@astral.msk.su>. -# I invented the other time zone names. -# The rest is from Shanks; it's probably wrong after 1991. -# We're not sure whether St Petersburg switched in step with Moscow after 1991; -# it might be a useless name, so we'll comment it out for now. -# -# From Shanks (1991): -# Western Russia switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar -# on 1918 Jan 14. Eatern Russia switched on 1920 Mar 18. -# In 1929 the Soviet Union instituted a 5 day week; in 1932 it instituted -# a 6 day week; on 1940 Jun 27 it returned to the Gregorian week. -# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -#Zone St_Petersburg 2:30:20 - LMT 1880 -# 2:01 Russia LST%s 1919 Jul 1 2:00 -# 3:00 Russia MS%s 1922 Oct -# 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 -# 3:00 Russia MS%s 1991 Sep 29 3:00 -# 2:00 Russia SPS%s -#Zone Moscow 2:30:20 - LMT 1880 -# 2:31 Russia LST%s 1919 Jul 1 2:00 -# 3:00 Russia MS%s 1922 Oct -Zone Moscow 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 - 3:00 Russia MS%s 1991 Mar lastSun 2:00s - 2:00 1:00 "EET DST" 1991 Sep lastSun 2:00s - 2:00 - EET 1992 Jan 19 2:00s - 3:00 Russia MS%s -Zone Sverdlovsk 4:02:34 - LMT 1924 May 2 - 4:00 - SSK 1957 Mar - 5:00 Russia SS%s 1991 Sep 29 3:00 - 4:00 Russia SS%s -Zone Omsk 4:53:36 - LMT 1924 May 2 - 5:00 - TSK 1957 Mar - 6:00 Russia TS%s 1991 Sep 29 3:00 - 5:00 Russia OS%s -Zone Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1924 May 2 - 6:00 - NSK 1957 Mar - 7:00 Russia NS%s 1991 Sep 29 3:00 - 6:00 Russia NS%s -#Zone Irkutsk 6:57:20 - LMT 1880 -Zone Irkutsk 6:57 - LST 1924 May 2 - 7:00 - ISK 1957 Mar - 8:00 Russia IS%s 1991 Sep 29 3:00 - 7:00 Russia IS%s -Zone Yakutsk 8:38:40 - LMT 1924 May 2 - 8:00 - YSK 1957 Mar - 9:00 Russia YS%s 1991 Sep 29 3:00 - 8:00 Russia YS%s -#Zone Vladivostok 8:47:44 - LMT 1880 -Zone Vladivostok 8:48 - LST 1924 May 2 - 9:00 - VSK 1957 Mar - 10:00 Russia VS%s 1991 Sep 29 3:00 - 9:00 Russia VS%s -# MSK is taken; settle for GSK. -Zone Magadan 10:03:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 - 10:00 - GSK 1957 Mar - 11:00 Russia GS%s 1991 Sep 29 3:00 - 10:00 Russia GS%s -# This name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski, but that's too long. -Zone Kamchatka 10:34:36 - LMT 1924 May 2 - 11:00 - PSK 1957 Mar - 12:00 Russia PS%s 1991 Sep 29 3:00 - 11:00 Russia PS%s -Zone Anadyr 11:49:56 - LMT 1924 May 2 - 12:00 - ASK 1957 Mar - 13:00 Russia AS%s 1991 Sep 29 3:00 - 12:00 Russia AS%s - |