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authormarkm <markm@FreeBSD.org>2002-05-25 19:36:09 +0000
committermarkm <markm@FreeBSD.org>2002-05-25 19:36:09 +0000
commitc23d71a3554dd96732f409c3956d8a2aed2ad182 (patch)
tree17fad420a0f24c8083026bd476e1e5efb525c392 /share
parentafb615dae09d963425b31a574aa890f275485cc9 (diff)
downloadFreeBSD-src-c23d71a3554dd96732f409c3956d8a2aed2ad182.zip
FreeBSD-src-c23d71a3554dd96732f409c3956d8a2aed2ad182.tar.gz
This directory (whis was supposed to do indexes etc for the printable
documentation) hasn't had its nappies changed since FreeBSD-2.0, and is now starting to smell rather ripe. Its dependant on ancient and removed tools, and the last maintainer can't remember looking at it 1 1/2 years ago. If we need it, its in the Attic. Discussed with: asmodai
Diffstat (limited to 'share')
-rw-r--r--share/man/man0/Makefile70
-rw-r--r--share/man/man0/README26
-rw-r--r--share/man/man0/break5
-rw-r--r--share/man/man0/cover63
-rw-r--r--share/man/man0/cshcmd54
-rw-r--r--share/man/man0/groff.sed22
-rw-r--r--share/man/man0/ignore98
-rw-r--r--share/man/man0/man1321
-rw-r--r--share/man/man0/man2109
-rw-r--r--share/man/man0/man3272
-rw-r--r--share/man/man0/man454
-rw-r--r--share/man/man0/man554
-rw-r--r--share/man/man0/man639
-rw-r--r--share/man/man0/man716
-rw-r--r--share/man/man0/man8182
-rw-r--r--share/man/man0/title.prm191
-rw-r--r--share/man/man0/title.urm1911
-rwxr-xr-xshare/man/man0/tocrc74
-rwxr-xr-xshare/man/man0/xrs.pl84
19 files changed, 0 insertions, 3645 deletions
diff --git a/share/man/man0/Makefile b/share/man/man0/Makefile
deleted file mode 100644
index 688c43f..0000000
--- a/share/man/man0/Makefile
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,70 +0,0 @@
-#
-# Copyright (c) 1986, 1993 Regents of the University of California.
-# All rights reserved.
-#
-# From: @(#)Makefile 8.2 (Berkeley) 1/29/94
-# $FreeBSD$
-#
-SRCS= man1 man2 man3 man4 man5 man6 man7 man8
-
-MACROS= -ms
-PRINTER=ps
-TBL= tbl
-TROFF= groff
-
-all: title.urm.${PRINTER} title.prm.${PRINTER}
-
-print: title.urm.${PRINTER} title.prm.${PRINTER}
- lpr -${PRINTER} title.urm.${PRINTER}
- lpr -${PRINTER} title.prm.${PRINTER}
-
-title.urm.${PRINTER}: title.urm ptxx
- ${TBL} title.urm | ${TROFF} ${MACROS} >title.urm.${PRINTER}
-
-title.prm.${PRINTER}: ${SRCS} title.prm ptxx
- ${TROFF} title.prm >title.prm.${PRINTER}
-
-ptxx:
- ./tocrc
-
-man1pages: man1
- rm -f man1.out
- for i in `cat man1`; do \
- sed -f groff.sed $$i | groff -man >>man1pages; \
- done;
-
-man2pages: man2
- rm -f man2.out
- for i in `cat man2`; do groff -man $$i >>man2pages; done;
-
-man3pages: man3
- rm -f man3.out
- for i in `cat man3`; do groff -man $$i >>man3pages; done;
-
-man4pages: man4
- rm -f man4.out
- for i in `cat man4`; do groff -man $$i >>man4pages; done;
-
-man5pages: man5
- rm -f man5.out
- for i in `cat man5`; do \
- sed -f groff.sed $$i | groff -man >>man5pages; \
- done;
-
-man6pages: man6
- rm -f man6.out
- for i in `cat man6`; do groff -man $$i >>man6pages; done;
-
-man7pages: man7
- rm -f man7.out
- for i in `cat man7`; do \
- sed -f groff.sed $$i | groff -man >>man7pages; \
- done;
-
-man8pages: man8
- rm -f man8.out
- for i in `cat man8`; do groff -man $$i >>man8pages; done;
-
-clean:
- rm -f title.urm.${PRINTER} title.prm.${PRINTER} toc? tocx? ptxx \
- *.spell errs Errs make.out
diff --git a/share/man/man0/README b/share/man/man0/README
deleted file mode 100644
index e85eef3..0000000
--- a/share/man/man0/README
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-These files have been somewhat updated so that they at least format
-without fatal errors under FreeBSD 2.0-current (and so presumably 2.1).
-Some parts are not very accurate, and quite a bit of extra verbiage
-should probably be added describing FreeBSD additions relative to 4.4.
-The formatting is not perfect, and groff generates copious errors which
-hopefully some [nt]roff expert will actually look into some day. The entire
-suite needs to be fixed to learn to live with obj directories, in line
-with our goal to have a completely read-only source tree, before it can
-be added to the top-level Makefile (if it is even then).
-
-The man[1-8] files were generated through the following process:
- locate *.1
- pipe through a long series of fgrep and sed commands to fix up
- sort-regexp ^.*/\([^/]*\)$ \1 in Emacs
- visually inspect the result for duplicates and false matches
-
-Garrett Wollman <wollman@lcs.mit.edu>
-11 January 1995
-
-
-
-Currently these files are in the prospect of being updated to work on newer
-FreeBSD releases again.
-
-Jeroen Ruigrok van der Werven <asmodai@FreeBSD.org>
-18 January 2001
diff --git a/share/man/man0/break b/share/man/man0/break
deleted file mode 100644
index 6db0726..0000000
--- a/share/man/man0/break
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-
-;
-:
-.
-,
diff --git a/share/man/man0/cover b/share/man/man0/cover
deleted file mode 100644
index 1fad428..0000000
--- a/share/man/man0/cover
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,63 +0,0 @@
-.\" Copyright (c) 1993 Regents of the University of California.
-.\" All rights reserved.
-.\"
-.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
-.\" are met:
-.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
-.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
-.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
-.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
-.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
-.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
-.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
-.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
-.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
-.\" without specific prior written permission.
-.\"
-.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
-.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
-.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
-.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
-.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
-.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
-.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
-.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
-.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
-.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
-.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
-.\"
-.\" @(#)cover 8.1 (Berkeley) 7/20/93
-.\"
-.ps 36
-.vs 40p
-.de t
-\&
-.sp |3.5i
-.ce 10
-\fBSection \\$1
-.sp 0.5
-\\$2
-\\$3
-\\$4
-\\$5\fP
-.ce 0
-.bp
-..
-.t 1 Commands and Application Programs
-.t 2 System Calls
-.t 3 C-Library Subroutines
-.t 4 Special Files
-.t 5 File Formats
-.t 6 Games
-.t 7 Miscellaneous
-.t 8 System Maintenance
-\&
-.sp |3.5i
-.ce 10
-\fBSystem
-Management
-Documents\fP
-.ce 1
diff --git a/share/man/man0/cshcmd b/share/man/man0/cshcmd
deleted file mode 100644
index 8c9ba3a..0000000
--- a/share/man/man0/cshcmd
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,54 +0,0 @@
-csh(1) alias: shell macros.
-csh(1) bg: place job in background.
-csh(1) break: exit while/foreach loop.
-csh(1) breaksw: exit from switch.
-csh(1) case: selector in switch.
-csh(1) cd: change directory.
-csh(1) chdir: change directory.
-csh(1) continue: cycle in loop.
-csh(1) default: catchall clause in switch.
-csh(1) echo: echo arguments.
-csh(1) else: alternative commands.
-csh(1) end: terminate loop.
-csh(1) endif: terminate conditional.
-csh(1) endsw: terminate switch.
-csh(1) eval: re-evaluate shell data.
-csh(1) exec: overlay shell with specified command.
-csh(1) exit: leave shell.
-csh(1) fg: bring job into foreground.
-csh(1) foreach: loop over list of names.
-csh(1) glob: filename expand argument list.
-csh(1) goto: command transfer.
-csh(1) hashstat: print command hashing statistics.
-csh(1) history: print history event list.
-csh(1) if: conditional statement.
-csh(1) jobs: print current job list.
-csh(1) kill: kill jobs and processes.
-csh(1) limit: alter per-process resource limitations.
-csh(1) login: login new user.
-csh(1) logout: end session.
-csh(1) nice: run low priority process.
-csh(1) nohup: run command immune to hangups.
-csh(1) notify: request immediate notification.
-csh(1) onintr: process interrupts in command scripts.
-csh(1) popd: pop shell directory stack.
-csh(1) pushd: push shell directory stack.
-csh(1) rehash: recompute command hash table.
-csh(1) repeat: execute command repeatedly.
-csh(1) set: change value of shell variable.
-csh(1) setenv: set variable in environment.
-csh(1) shift: manipulate argument list.
-csh(1) source: read commands from file.
-csh(1) stop: halt a job or process.
-csh(1) suspend: suspend a shell, resuming its superior.
-csh(1) switch: multi-way command branch.
-csh(1) time: time command.
-csh(1) umask: change or display file creation mask.
-csh(1) unalias: remove aliases.
-csh(1) unhash: discard command hash table.
-csh(1) unlimit: remove resource limitiations.
-csh(1) unsetenv: remove environment variables.
-csh(1) unset: discard shell variables.
-csh(1) wait: wait for background processes to complete.
-csh(1) while: repeat commands conditionally.
-csh(1) @: arithmetic on shell variables.
diff --git a/share/man/man0/groff.sed b/share/man/man0/groff.sed
deleted file mode 100644
index fe8ea6e..0000000
--- a/share/man/man0/groff.sed
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-s/@MDATE@/June 30, 1993/
-s/@VERSION@/1.08/
-s,@DEFAULT_INDEX@,/usr/share/dict/papers/Ind,
-s,@DEFAULT_INDEX_NAME@,/usr/share/dict/papers/Ind,
-s,@COMMON_WORDS_FILE@,/usr/share/dict/papers/words,
-s,@INDEX_SUFFIX@,.i,
-s,@DEVICE@,/usr/share/groff_font,
-s,@FONTDIR@,/usr/share/groff_font,
-s,@FONTPATH@,/usr/share/groff_font,
-s,@MACRODIR@,/usr/share/tmac,
-s,@TMAC_M@,/usr/share/tmac/tmac.m,
-s,@TMAC_MDIR@,/usr/share/tmac,
-s/@g@//
-s/@G@//
-s/@MAN1EXT@/1/
-s/@MAN2EXT@/2/
-s/@MAN3EXT@/3/
-s/@MAN4EXT@/4/
-s/@MAN5EXT@/5/
-s/@MAN6EXT@/6/
-s/@MAN7EXT@/7/
-s/@MAN8EXT@/8/
diff --git a/share/man/man0/ignore b/share/man/man0/ignore
deleted file mode 100644
index 40dd96e..0000000
--- a/share/man/man0/ignore
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,98 +0,0 @@
--
-\-
-10
-11
-16
-144
-2
-201
-3
-4014
-6
-7
-77
-a
-about
-across
-after
-al
-all
-allow
-am
-among
-an
-and
-and/or
-any
-another
-are
-B
-back
-be
-been
-between
-bits
-by
-dialect
-do
-et
-extreme
-facts
-feeds
-fitting
-for
-from
-general
-get
-has
-head
-in
-integer
-integers
-interval
-into
-intro
-is
-it
-its
-knowledge
-large
-last
-later
-local
-long
-low
-map
-o
-of
-off
-on
-or
-other
-out
-package
-part
-periodically
-pieces
-prejudice
-problem
-service
-simple
-special
-system
-tac
-that
-the
-them
-they
-this
-to
-toe
-turn
-two
-until
-way
-with
-yet
-you
-your
diff --git a/share/man/man0/man1 b/share/man/man0/man1
deleted file mode 100644
index a2d8c43..0000000
--- a/share/man/man0/man1
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,321 +0,0 @@
-/usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/perl/perl/x2p/a2p.1
-/usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/perl/x2p/a2p.1
-/usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/groff/addftinfo/addftinfo.1
-/usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/groff/afmtodit/afmtodit.1
-/usr/src/usr.bin/apply/apply.1
-/usr/src/usr.bin/ar/ar.1
-/usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/as/as.1
-/usr/src/usr.bin/at/at.1
-/usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/awk/awk.1
-/usr/src/usr.bin/basename/basename.1
-/usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/bc/bc.1
-/usr/src/secure/usr.bin/bdes/bdes.1
-/usr/src/usr.bin/biff/biff.1
-/usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/perl/misc/c2ph.1
-/usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/perl/perl/misc/c2ph.1
-/usr/src/usr.bin/cal/cal.1
-/usr/src/usr.bin/calendar/calendar.1
-/usr/src/usr.bin/cap_mkdb/cap_mkdb.1
-/usr/src/bin/cat/cat.1
-/usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/cc/cc/cc.1
-/usr/src/share/man/man1/cd.1
-/usr/src/usr.bin/checknr/checknr.1
-/usr/src/usr.bin/chflags/chflags.1
-/usr/src/usr.sbin/chown/chgrp.1
-/usr/src/secure/lib/secure_rpc/man/chkey.1
-/usr/src/bin/chmod/chmod.1
-/usr/src/usr.bin/chpass/chpass.1
-/usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/rcs/ci/ci.1
-/usr/src/usr.bin/cksum/cksum.1
-/usr/src/usr.bin/cmp/cmp.1
-/usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/rcs/co/co.1
-/usr/src/usr.bin/col/col.1
-/usr/src/usr.bin/colcrt/colcrt.1
-/usr/src/usr.bin/colrm/colrm.1
-/usr/src/usr.bin/column/column.1
-/usr/src/usr.bin/comm/comm.1
-/usr/src/usr.bin/compress/compress.1
-/usr/src/bin/cp/cp.1
-/usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/cpio/cpio.1
-/usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/cc/cpp/cpp.1
-/usr/src/usr.sbin/cron/crontab/crontab.1
-/usr/src/usr.sbin/crunch/crunchgen/crunchgen.1
-/usr/src/usr.sbin/crunch/crunchide/crunchide.1
-/usr/src/bin/csh/csh.1
-/usr/src/bin/csh/USD.doc/csh.1
-/usr/src/usr.bin/ctags/ctags.1
-/usr/src/gnu/libexec/uucp/cu/cu.1
-/usr/src/usr.bin/cut/cut.1
-/usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/cvs/cvs/cvs.1
-/usr/src/bin/date/date.1
-/usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/dc/dc.1
-/usr/src/bin/dd/dd.1
-/usr/src/bin/df/df.1
-/usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/dialog/dialog.1
-/usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/diff/diff.1
-/usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/diff3/diff3.1
-/usr/src/usr.bin/dig/dig.1
-/usr/src/bin/domainname/domainname.1
-/usr/src/usr.bin/du/du.1
-/usr/src/bin/echo/echo.1
-/usr/src/bin/ed/ed.1
-/usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/groff/eqn/eqn.1
-/usr/src/usr.bin/error/error.1
-/usr/src/usr.bin/expand/expand.1
-/usr/src/bin/expr/expr.1
-/usr/src/usr.bin/f2c/f2c.1
-/usr/src/usr.bin/false/false.1
-/usr/src/usr.sbin/fdformat/fdformat.1
-/usr/src/usr.sbin/fdwrite/fdwrite.1
-/usr/src/usr.bin/file/file.1
-/usr/src/usr.bin/find/find.1
-/usr/src/usr.bin/finger/finger.1
-/usr/src/usr.bin/fmt/fmt.1
-/usr/src/usr.bin/fold/fold.1
-/usr/src/usr.bin/fpr/fpr.1
-/usr/src/usr.bin/from/from.1
-/usr/src/usr.bin/fsplit/fsplit.1
-/usr/src/usr.bin/fstat/fstat.1
-/usr/src/usr.bin/ftp/ftp.1
-/usr/src/usr.bin/gcore/gcore.1
-/usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/gdb/gdb/gdb.1
-/usr/src/usr.bin/getopt/getopt.1
-/usr/src/usr.bin/gprof/gprof.1
-/usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/grep/grep.1
-/usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/groff/grodvi/grodvi.1
-/usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/groff/groff/groff.1
-/usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/groff/grog/grog.1
-/usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/groff/grops/grops.1
-/usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/groff/grotty/grotty.1
-/usr/src/usr.bin/id/groups.1
-/usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/groff/xditview/gxditview.1
-/usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/gzip/gzexe.1
-/usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/gzip/gzip.1
-/usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/perl/perl/x2p/h2ph.1
-/usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/perl/x2p/h2ph.1
-/usr/src/usr.bin/head/head.1
-/usr/src/usr.bin/hexdump/hexdump.1
-/usr/src/usr.bin/host/host.1
-/usr/src/bin/hostname/hostname.1
-/usr/src/usr.bin/id/id.1
-/usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/rcs/ident/ident.1
-/usr/src/usr.bin/indent/indent.1
-/usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/groff/indxbib/indxbib.1
-/usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/texinfo/info/info.1
-/usr/src/usr.bin/xinstall/install.1
-/usr/src/share/man/man1/intro.1
-/usr/src/usr.bin/ipcrm/ipcrm.1
-/usr/src/usr.bin/ipcs/ipcs.1
-/usr/src/usr.bin/join/join.1
-/usr/src/usr.bin/jot/jot.1
-/usr/src/usr.sbin/kbdcontrol/kbdcontrol.1
-/usr/src/eBones/man/kdestroy.1
-/usr/src/kerberosIV/man/kdestroy.1
-/usr/src/usr.bin/kdump/kdump.1
-/usr/src/eBones/man/kerberos.1
-/usr/src/kerberosIV/man/kerberos.1
-/usr/src/usr.bin/key/key.1
-/usr/src/usr.bin/keyinfo/keyinfo.1
-/usr/src/usr.bin/keyinit/keyinit.1
-/usr/src/secure/lib/secure_rpc/man/keylogin.1
-/usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/kgdb/kgdb.1
-/usr/src/bin/kill/kill.1
-/usr/src/eBones/man/kinit.1
-/usr/src/kerberosIV/man/kinit.1
-/usr/src/eBones/man/klist.1
-/usr/src/kerberosIV/man/klist.1
-/usr/src/eBones/man/kpasswd.1
-/usr/src/eBones/man/ksrvtgt.1
-/usr/src/kerberosIV/man/ksrvtgt.1
-/usr/src/eBones/man/ksu.1
-/usr/src/usr.bin/ktrace/ktrace.1
-/usr/src/usr.bin/lam/lam.1
-/usr/src/usr.bin/last/last.1
-/usr/src/usr.bin/lastcomm/lastcomm.1
-/usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/ld/ld.1
-/usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/ld/ldd/ldd.1
-/usr/src/usr.bin/leave/leave.1
-/usr/src/usr.bin/lex/lex.1
-/usr/src/usr.bin/lex/lexdoc.1
-/usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/groff/lkbib/lkbib.1
-/usr/src/bin/ln/ln.1
-/usr/src/usr.bin/locate/locate/locate.1
-/usr/src/usr.bin/lock/lock.1
-/usr/src/usr.bin/logger/logger.1
-/usr/src/usr.bin/login/login.1
-/usr/src/usr.bin/logname/logname.1
-/usr/src/usr.bin/look/look.1
-/usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/groff/lookbib/lookbib.1
-/usr/src/usr.bin/lorder/lorder.1
-/usr/src/usr.sbin/lpr/lpq/lpq.1
-/usr/src/usr.sbin/lpr/lpr/lpr.1
-/usr/src/usr.sbin/lpr/lprm/lprm.1
-/usr/src/usr.sbin/lpr/lptest/lptest.1
-/usr/src/bin/ls/ls.1
-/usr/src/usr.bin/lsvfs/lsvfs.1
-/usr/src/usr.bin/m4/m4.1
-/usr/src/usr.bin/mail/mail.1
-/usr/src/usr.sbin/sendmail/src/mailq.1
-/usr/src/usr.bin/make/make.1
-/usr/src/sbin/md5/md5.1
-/usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/rcs/merge/merge.1
-/usr/src/usr.bin/mesg/mesg.1
-/usr/src/usr.bin/mkdep/mkdep.1
-/usr/src/bin/mkdir/mkdir.1
-/usr/src/usr.bin/mkfifo/mkfifo.1
-/usr/src/usr.bin/mklocale/mklocale.1
-/usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/cvs/mkmodules/mkmodules.1
-/usr/src/usr.bin/mkstr/mkstr.1
-/usr/src/usr.bin/more/more.1
-/usr/src/usr.bin/tn3270/mset/mset.1
-/usr/src/usr.bin/msgs/msgs.1
-/usr/src/usr.bin/mt/mt.1
-/usr/src/bin/mv/mv.1
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diff --git a/share/man/man0/man2 b/share/man/man0/man2
deleted file mode 100644
index 5a7810c..0000000
--- a/share/man/man0/man2
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,109 +0,0 @@
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diff --git a/share/man/man0/man3 b/share/man/man0/man3
deleted file mode 100644
index 60d5dce..0000000
--- a/share/man/man0/man3
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,272 +0,0 @@
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-/usr/src/lib/msun/man/rint.3
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-/usr/src/lib/libc/gen/setjmp.3
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-/usr/src/lib/libc/stdlib/strtoul.3
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-/usr/src/lib/libc/gen/syslog.3
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-/usr/src/lib/msun/man/tan.3
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-/usr/src/lib/libc/locale/tolower.3
-/usr/src/lib/libc/locale/toupper.3
-/usr/src/lib/libc/gen/ttyname.3
-/usr/src/lib/libc/gen/tzset.3
-/usr/src/lib/libc/gen/ualarm.3
-/usr/src/lib/libc/gen/uname.3
-/usr/src/lib/libc/stdio/ungetc.3
-/usr/src/lib/libc/gen/unvis.3
-/usr/src/lib/libc/gen/usleep.3
-/usr/src/lib/libc/gen/utime.3
-/usr/src/lib/libc/gen/valloc.3
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diff --git a/share/man/man0/man4 b/share/man/man0/man4
deleted file mode 100644
index 126ef0a..0000000
--- a/share/man/man0/man4
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,54 +0,0 @@
-/usr/src/share/man/man4/man4.i386/aha.4
-/usr/src/share/man/man4/man4.i386/ahb.4
-/usr/src/share/man/man4/amr.4
-/usr/src/share/man/man4/apm.4
-/usr/src/usr.sbin/arp/arp.4
-/usr/src/share/man/man4/man4.i386/bt.4
-/usr/src/share/man/man4/clnp.4
-/usr/src/share/man/man4/cltp.4
-/usr/src/share/man/man4/man4.i386/cx.4
-/usr/src/share/man/man4/man4.i386/ed.4
-/usr/src/share/man/man4/esis.4
-/usr/src/lib/libc/locale/euc.4
-/usr/src/share/man/man4/fd.4
-/usr/src/share/man/man4/man4.i386/fdc.4
-/usr/src/share/man/man4/icmp.4
-/usr/src/share/man/man4/idp.4
-/usr/src/share/man/man4/man4.i386/ie.4
-/usr/src/share/man/man4/inet.4
-/usr/src/share/man/man4/inet6.4
-/usr/src/share/man/man4/ip.4
-/usr/src/sbin/ipfw/ipfirewall.4
-/usr/src/share/man/man4/man4.i386/is.4
-/usr/src/share/man/man4/iso.4
-/usr/src/share/man/man4/man4.i386/keyboard.4
-/usr/src/share/man/man4/lkm.4
-/usr/src/share/man/man4/lo.4
-/usr/src/share/man/man4/man4.i386/lpt.4
-/usr/src/share/man/man4/man4.i386/mcd.4
-/usr/src/share/man/man4/man4.i386/mem.4
-/usr/src/share/man/man4/mlx.4
-/usr/src/share/man/man4/man4.i386/mse.4
-/usr/src/share/man/man4/netintro.4
-/usr/src/share/man/man4/man4.i386/npx.4
-/usr/src/share/man/man4/ns.4
-/usr/src/share/man/man4/nsip.4
-/usr/src/share/man/man4/null.4
-/usr/src/share/man/man4/pty.4
-/usr/src/share/man/man4/route.4
-/usr/src/share/man/man4/man4.i386/screen.4
-/usr/src/share/man/man4/man4.i386/sea.4
-/usr/src/share/man/man4/man4.i386/sio.4
-/usr/src/share/man/man4/man4.i386/spkr.4
-/usr/src/share/man/man4/spp.4
-/usr/src/share/man/man4/tcp.4
-/usr/src/share/man/man4/termios.4
-/usr/src/share/man/man4/tp.4
-/usr/src/share/man/man4/tty.4
-/usr/src/share/man/man4/man4.i386/tw.4
-/usr/src/share/man/man4/udp.4
-/usr/src/share/man/man4/man4.i386/uha.4
-/usr/src/share/man/man4/unix.4
-/usr/src/lib/libc/locale/utf2.4
-/usr/src/share/man/man4/man4.i386/wd.4
-/usr/src/share/man/man4/yp.4
diff --git a/share/man/man0/man5 b/share/man/man0/man5
deleted file mode 100644
index 38d3bee..0000000
--- a/share/man/man0/man5
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,54 +0,0 @@
-/usr/src/share/man/man5/a.out.5
-/usr/src/share/man/man5/acct.5
-/usr/src/usr.sbin/sendmail/src/aliases.5
-/usr/src/usr.bin/ar/ar.5
-/usr/src/libexec/bootpd/bootptab.5
-/usr/src/share/man/man5/core.5
-/usr/src/usr.sbin/cron/crontab/crontab.5
-/usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/cvs/cvs/cvs.5
-/usr/src/share/man/man5/dir.5
-/usr/src/sbin/disklabel/disklabel.5
-/usr/src/share/man/man5/disktab.5
-/usr/src/games/dm/dm.conf.5
-/usr/src/share/man/man5/fbtab.5
-/usr/src/share/man/man5/fs.5
-/usr/src/share/man/man5/fstab.5
-/usr/src/libexec/getty/gettytab.5
-/usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/groff/man/groff_font.5
-/usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/groff/man/groff_out.5
-/usr/src/share/man/man5/group.5
-/usr/src/share/man/man5/hosts.5
-/usr/src/eBones/man/krb.conf.5
-/usr/src/eBones/man/krb.realms.5
-/usr/src/share/man/man5/link.5
-/usr/src/usr.bin/login/login.access.5
-/usr/src/usr.bin/file/magic.5
-/usr/src/usr.bin/tn3270/mset/map3270.5
-/usr/src/sbin/mountd/netgroup.5
-/usr/src/share/man/man5/networks.5
-/usr/src/share/man/man5/passwd.5
-/usr/src/share/man/man5/phones.5
-/usr/src/share/man/man5/printcap.5
-/usr/src/share/man/man5/procfs.5
-/usr/src/share/man/man5/protocols.5
-/usr/src/secure/lib/secure_rpc/man/publickey.5
-/usr/src/usr.bin/ranlib/ranlib.5
-/usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/rcs/rcs/rcsfile.5
-/usr/src/share/man/man5/remote.5
-/usr/src/share/man/man5/resolver.5
-/usr/src/lib/libc/rpc/rpc.5
-/usr/src/share/man/man5/services.5
-/usr/src/share/man/man5/shells.5
-/usr/src/lib/libskey/skey.access.5
-/usr/src/share/man/man5/skey.access.5
-/usr/src/share/man/man5/stab.5
-/usr/src/usr.sbin/syslogd/syslog.conf.5
-/usr/src/lib/libncurses/term.5
-/usr/src/share/termcap/termcap.5
-/usr/src/lib/libncurses/terminfo.5
-/usr/src/libexec/getty/ttys.5
-/usr/src/share/man/man5/types.5
-/usr/src/lib/libc/stdtime/tzfile.5
-/usr/src/share/man/man5/utmp.5
-/usr/src/usr.bin/uuencode/uuencode.format.5
-/usr/src/usr.bin/vgrind/vgrindefs.5
diff --git a/share/man/man0/man6 b/share/man/man0/man6
deleted file mode 100644
index 309ea85..0000000
--- a/share/man/man0/man6
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-/usr/src/games/adventure/adventure.6
-/usr/src/games/arithmetic/arithmetic.6
-/usr/src/games/atc/atc.6
-/usr/src/games/backgammon/backgammon/backgammon.6
-/usr/src/usr.bin/banner/banner.6
-/usr/src/games/battlestar/battlestar.6
-/usr/src/games/bcd/bcd.6
-/usr/src/games/boggle/boggle/boggle.6
-/usr/src/games/bs/bs.6
-/usr/src/games/caesar/caesar.6
-/usr/src/games/canfield/canfield/canfield.6
-/usr/src/gnu/games/chess/chess.6
-/usr/src/games/cribbage/cribbage.6
-/usr/src/games/factor/factor.6
-/usr/src/games/fish/fish.6
-/usr/src/games/fortune/fortune/fortune.6
-/usr/src/games/grdc/grdc.6
-/usr/src/games/hack/hack.6
-/usr/src/games/hangman/hangman.6
-/usr/src/games/larn/larn.6
-/usr/src/games/mille/mille.6
-/usr/src/games/number/number.6
-/usr/src/games/phantasia/phantasia.6
-/usr/src/games/pig/pig.6
-/usr/src/games/pom/pom.6
-/usr/src/games/quiz/quiz.6
-/usr/src/games/rain/rain.6
-/usr/src/games/random/random.6
-/usr/src/games/robots/robots.6
-/usr/src/games/rogue/rogue.6
-/usr/src/games/sail/sail.6
-/usr/src/games/snake/snake/snake.6
-/usr/src/games/tetris/tetris.6
-/usr/src/games/trek/trek.6
-/usr/src/games/worm/worm.6
-/usr/src/games/worms/worms.6
-/usr/src/games/wump/wump.6
-/usr/src/games/x11/xneko/xneko.6
-/usr/src/games/x11/xroach/xroach.6
diff --git a/share/man/man0/man7 b/share/man/man0/man7
deleted file mode 100644
index 77de259..0000000
--- a/share/man/man0/man7
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-/usr/src/share/man/man7/ascii.7
-/usr/src/share/man/man7/environ.7
-/usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/groff/man/groff_char.7
-/usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/groff/mm/groff_mm.7
-/usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/groff/mm/groff_mmse.7
-/usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/groff/tmac/groff_ms.7
-/usr/src/share/man/man7/hier.7
-/usr/src/share/man/man7/hostname.7
-/usr/src/share/man/man7/intro.7
-/usr/src/share/man/man7/mailaddr.7
-/usr/src/share/man/man7/mdoc.7
-/usr/src/share/man/man7/mdoc.samples.7
-/usr/src/share/me/me.7
-/usr/src/share/man/man7/operator.7
-/usr/src/lib/libc/regex/re_format.7
-/usr/src/bin/ln/symlink.7
diff --git a/share/man/man0/man8 b/share/man/man0/man8
deleted file mode 100644
index 07d72e8..0000000
--- a/share/man/man0/man8
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,182 +0,0 @@
-/usr/src/share/man/man8/man8.i386/MAKEDEV.8
-/usr/src/usr.sbin/XNSrouted/XNSrouted.8
-/usr/src/usr.sbin/ac/ac.8
-/usr/src/usr.sbin/accton/accton.8
-/usr/src/share/man/man8/adding_user.8
-/usr/src/usr.sbin/adduser/adduser.8
-/usr/src/sbin/adjkerntz/adjkerntz.8
-/usr/src/usr.sbin/amd/amd/amd.8
-/usr/src/usr.sbin/amd/amq/amq.8
-/usr/src/usr.sbin/apm/apm.8
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-/usr/src/usr.sbin/arp/arp.8
-/usr/src/libexec/atrun/atrun.8
-/usr/src/usr.sbin/bad144/bad144.8
-/usr/src/sbin/badsect/badsect.8
-/usr/src/sbin/reboot/boot_hp300.8
-/usr/src/sbin/reboot/boot_i386.8
-/usr/src/sbin/reboot/boot_sparc.8
-/usr/src/sbin/reboot/boot_tahoe.8
-/usr/src/sbin/reboot/boot_vax.8
-/usr/src/libexec/bootpd/bootpd.8
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-/usr/src/libexec/bootpd/tools/bootptest/bootptest.8
-/usr/src/usr.bin/chat/chat.8
-/usr/src/usr.sbin/chown/chown.8
-/usr/src/usr.sbin/chroot/chroot.8
-/usr/src/sbin/clri/clri.8
-/usr/src/sbin/i386/comcontrol/comcontrol.8
-/usr/src/libexec/comsat/comsat.8
-/usr/src/usr.sbin/config/config.8
-/usr/src/usr.sbin/config.new/config.new.8
-/usr/src/usr.sbin/cron/cron/cron.8
-/usr/src/sbin/i386/cxconfig/cxconfig.8
-/usr/src/sbin/disklabel/disklabel.8
-/usr/src/usr.sbin/diskpart/diskpart.8
-/usr/src/games/dm/dm.8
-/usr/src/sbin/dmesg/dmesg.8
-/usr/src/sbin/dump/dump.8
-/usr/src/sbin/dumpfs/dumpfs.8
-/usr/src/sbin/dumplfs/dumplfs.8
-/usr/src/usr.sbin/edquota/edquota.8
-/usr/src/usr.sbin/eeprom/eeprom.8
-/usr/src/eBones/man/ext_srvtab.8
-/usr/src/usr.sbin/fdcontrol/fdcontrol.8
-/usr/src/sbin/i386/fdisk/fdisk.8
-/usr/src/libexec/fingerd/fingerd.8
-/usr/src/sbin/fsck/fsck.8
-/usr/src/usr.sbin/amd/fsinfo/fsinfo.8
-/usr/src/sbin/i386/ft/ft.8
-/usr/src/libexec/ftpd/ftpd.8
-/usr/src/libexec/getty/getty.8
-/usr/src/sbin/ifconfig/ifconfig.8
-/usr/src/usr.sbin/inetd/inetd.8
-/usr/src/sbin/init/init.8
-/usr/src/share/man/man8/intro.8
-/usr/src/usr.sbin/iostat/iostat.8
-/usr/src/sbin/ipfw/ipfw.8
-/usr/src/eBones/man/kadmin.8
-/usr/src/eBones/man/kadmind.8
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-/usr/src/eBones/man/kdb_edit.8
-/usr/src/eBones/man/kdb_init.8
-/usr/src/eBones/man/kdb_util.8
-/usr/src/usr.sbin/kgmon/kgmon.8
-/usr/src/eBones/man/klogind.8
-/usr/src/libexec/kpasswdd/kpasswdd.8
-/usr/src/eBones/man/kshd.8
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-/usr/src/sbin/umount/umount.8
-/usr/src/gnu/libexec/uucp/uucico/uucico.8
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diff --git a/share/man/man0/title.prm b/share/man/man0/title.prm
deleted file mode 100644
index 3444539..0000000
--- a/share/man/man0/title.prm
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,191 +0,0 @@
-.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1993 Regents of the University of California.
-.\" All rights reserved.
-.\"
-.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
-.\" are met:
-.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
-.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
-.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
-.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
-.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
-.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
-.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
-.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
-.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
-.\" without specific prior written permission.
-.\"
-.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
-.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
-.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
-.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
-.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
-.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
-.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
-.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
-.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
-.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
-.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
-.\"
-.\" @(#)title.prm 8.1 (Berkeley) 7/19/93
-.\"
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-<hackers@FreeBSD.ORG>
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-The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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-following conditions are met:
-.sp 0.5
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-3) All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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-``This product includes software developed by the University of
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-.ti -0.2i
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-without specific prior written permission.
-.in -0.2i
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-\fB\s-1THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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-FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
-DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
-OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
-HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
-LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
-OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
-SUCH DAMAGE.\s+1\fP
-.sp 2
-The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers and the American
-National Standards Committee X3, on Information Processing Systems have
-given us permission to reprint portions of their documentation.
-.sp
-In the following statement, the phrase ``this text'' refers to portions
-of the system documentation.
-.sp 0.5
-``Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in
-electronic form in 4.4BSD from IEEE Std 1003.1-1988, IEEE
-Standard Portable Operating System Interface for Computer Environments
-(POSIX), copyright 1988 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics
-Engineers, Inc. In the event of any discrepancy between these versions
-and the original IEEE Standard, the original IEEE Standard is the referee
-document.''
-.sp
-In the following statement, the phrase ``This material'' refers to portions
-of the system documentation.
-.sp 0.5
-``This material is reproduced with permission from American National
-Standards Committee X3, on Information Processing Systems. Computer and
-Business Equipment Manufacturers Association (CBEMA), 311 First St., NW,
-Suite 500, Washington, DC 20001-2178. The developmental work of
-Programming Language C was completed by the X3J11 Technical Committee.''
-.sp 2
-The views and conclusions contained in this manual are those of the
-authors and should not be interpreted as representing official policies,
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diff --git a/share/man/man0/title.urm b/share/man/man0/title.urm
deleted file mode 100644
index 6b094b5..0000000
--- a/share/man/man0/title.urm
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,1911 +0,0 @@
-.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1993 Regents of the University of California.
-.\" All rights reserved.
-.\"
-.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
-.\" are met:
-.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
-.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
-.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
-.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
-.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
-.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
-.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
-.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
-.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
-.\" without specific prior written permission.
-.\"
-.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
-.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
-.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
-.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
-.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
-.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
-.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
-.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
-.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
-.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
-.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
-.\"
-.\" @(#)title.urm 8.7 (Berkeley) 4/20/94
-.\" $FreeBSD$
-.\"
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-.nr LL 5.5i
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-This stiff doesn't really belong here...
-The USENIX Association,
-the UNIX and Advanced Computing Systems professional and technical organization,
-is a not-for-profit membership association of individuals and
-institutions with an interest in UNIX and UNIX-like systems,
-and, by extension, C++, X Window System, and other programming tools.
-It is dedicated to:
-.IP \(bu
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-.IP \(bu
-sharing ideas and experience relevant to UNIX,
-UNIX-related, and advanced computing systems, and
-.IP \(bu
-providing a neutral forum for the exercise of critical
-thought and airing of technical issues.
-.LP
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-Conference and Workshop Proceedings, and a Book Series.
-.nr LL 6i
-.nr PO 1i
-.bp
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-For FreeBSD version 2.1
-(March, 1995)
-.sp 3
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-.ce 2
-The FreeBSD Project
-<hackers@FreeBSD.ORG>
-.sp |8.2i
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-.ce 4
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-First Printing, 1995
-.sp 1
-.LP
-Copyright 1979, 1980, 1983, 1986, 1993
-The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
-.sp 1
-.LP
-Other than the specific manual pages and documents listed below
-as copyrighted by AT&T,
-redistribution and use of this manual in source and binary forms,
-with or without modification, are permitted provided that the
-following conditions are met:
-.IP 1)
-Redistributions of this manual must retain the copyright
-notices on this page, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-.IP 2)
-Software or documentation that incorporates part of this manual must
-reproduce the copyright notices on this page, this list of conditions and
-the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials
-provided with the distribution.
-.IP 3)
-All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
-must display the following acknowledgement:
-``This product includes software developed by the University of
-California, Berkeley and its contributors.''
-.IP 4)
-Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
-may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
-without specific prior written permission.
-.LP
-\fB\s-1THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
-ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
-IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
-ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
-FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
-DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
-OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
-HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
-LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
-OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
-SUCH DAMAGE.\s+1\fP
-.sp 1
-.LP
-The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers and the American
-National Standards Committee X3, on Information Processing Systems have
-given us permission to reprint portions of their documentation.
-.sp 0.5
-.LP
-In the following statement, the phrase ``this text'' refers to portions
-of the system documentation.
-.LP
-``Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in
-electronic form in 4.4BSD from IEEE Std 1003.1-1988, IEEE
-Standard Portable Operating System Interface for Computer Environments
-(POSIX), copyright 1988 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics
-Engineers, Inc. In the event of any discrepancy between these versions
-and the original IEEE Standard, the original IEEE Standard is the referee
-document.''
-.sp 0.5
-.LP
-In the following statement, the phrase ``This material'' refers to portions
-of the system documentation.
-.LP
-``This material is reproduced with permission from American National
-Standards Committee X3, on Information Processing Systems. Computer and
-Business Equipment Manufacturers Association (CBEMA), 311 First St., NW,
-Suite 500, Washington, DC 20001-2178. The developmental work of
-Programming Language C was completed by the X3J11 Technical Committee.''
-.sp 1
-.LP
-The views and conclusions contained in this manual are those of the
-authors and should not be interpreted as representing official policies,
-either expressed or implied, of the Regents of the University of California.
-.sp 1
-.LP
-This book was printed and bound in the United States of America.
-.bp
-\&
-.sp |1.5i
-.nr PS 11
-.nr VS 13
-.LP
-.ce 1
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-.sp 3
-.TS
-expand;
-l r.
-The Computer Systems Research Group, 1979\-1993 vii
-Prefaces xi
-Introduction xvii
-List of Manual Pages xxiii
-Permuted Index xli
-Reference Manual Sections 1, 6, 7 tabbed pages
-List of Documents inside back cover
-.TE
-.if o .bp
-\&
-.bp
-.\"
-.\" The contributor list below is derived from the file that resides in
-.\" vangogh:~admin/contrib/contrib:
-.\"
-.\" @(#)contrib 5.54 (Berkeley) 4/17/94
-.\"
-.\" This file should not be editted, rather the original contrib file
-.\" should be used to recrete this one following the directions at its top.
-.\" Contrib starts here and continues to the comment `END OF CONTRIB'.
-.\"
-\&
-.sp |1i
-.ps 16
-.ce
-\fBThe Computer Systems Research Group 1979 \- 1993\fP
-.sp 3
-.nr PS 11
-.nr VS 12
-.LP
-.nf
-.in +0.5i
-\fBCSRG Technical Staff\fP
-.sp 1
-.in +1i
-Jim Bloom
-Keith Bostic
-Ralph Campbell
-Kevin Dunlap
-William N. Joy
-Michael J. Karels
-Samuel J. Leffler
-Marshall Kirk McKusick
-Miriam Amos Nihart
-Keith Sklower
-Marc Teitelbaum
-Michael Toy
-.in -1i
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-\fBCSRG Administration and Support\fP
-.sp 1
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-Robert Fabry
-Domenico Ferrari
-Susan L. Graham
-Bob Henry
-Anne Hughes
-Bob Kridle
-David Mosher
-Pauline Schwartz
-Mark Seiden
-Jean Wood
-.in -1i
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-\fBOrganizations that funded the CSRG with grants,
-gifts, personnel, and/or hardware.\fP
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-Center for Advanced Aviation System Development, The MITRE Corp.
-Compaq Computer Corporation
-Cray Research Inc.
-Department of Defense Advance Research Projects Agency (DARPA)
-Digital Equipment Corporation
-The Hewlett-Packard Company
-NASA Ames Research Center
-The National Science Foundation
-The Open Software Foundation
-UUNET Technologies Inc.
-.in -1.5i
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-.nr PS 10
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-.LP
-\fBThe following are people and organizations that provided a
-large subsystem for the BSD releases.\fP
-.sp
-.TS
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-ANSI C library Chris Torek
-ANSI C prototypes Donn Seeley and John Kohl
-Autoconfiguration Robert Elz
-C library documentation American National Standards Committee X3
-CCI 6/32 support Computer Consoles Inc.
-DEC 3000/5000 support Ralph Campbell
-Disklabels Symmetric Computer Systems
-Documentation Cynthia Livingston and The USENIX Association
-Franz Lisp Richard Fateman, John Foderaro, Keith Sklower, Kevin Layer
-GCC, GDB The Free Software Foundation
-Groff James Clark (The FSF)
-HP300 support Jeff Forys, Mike Hibler, Jay Lepreau, Donn Seeley and the Systems
- Programming Group; University of Utah Computer Science Department
-ISODE Marshall Rose
-Ingres Mike Stonebraker, Gene Wong, and the Berkeley Ingres Research Group
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-Job control Jim Kulp
-Kerberos Project Athena and MIT
-Kernel support Bill Shannon and Sun Microsystems Inc.
-LFS Margo Seltzer, Mendel Rosenblum, Carl Staelin
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-Math library K.C. Ng, Zhishun Alex Liu, S. McDonald, P. Tang and W. Kahan
-NFS Rick Macklem
-NFS automounter Jan-Simon Pendry
-Network device drivers Micom-Interlan and Excelan
-Omron Luna support Akito Fujita and Shigeto Mochida
-Quotas Robert Elz
-RPC support Sun Microsystems Inc.
-Shared library support Rob Gingell and Sun Microsystems Inc.
-Sony News 3400 support Kazumasa Utashiro
-Sparc I/II support Computer Systems Engineering Group, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory
-Stackable filesystems John Heidemann
-Stdio Chris Torek
-System documentation The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
-TCP/IP Rob Gurwitz and Bolt Beranek and Newman Inc.
-Timezone support Arthur David Olson
-Transport/Network OSI layers IBM Corporation and the University of Wisconsin
-Kernel XNS assistance William Nesheim, J. Q. Johnson, Chris Torek, and James O'Toole
-User level XNS Cornell University
-VAX 3000 support Mt. Xinu and Tom Ferrin
-VAX BI support Chris Torek
-VAX device support Digital Equipment Corporation and Helge Skrivervik
-Versatec printer/plotter support University of Toronto
-Virtual memory implementation Avadis Tevanian, Jr., Michael Wayne Young,
- and the Carnegie-Mellon University Mach project
-X25 University of British Columbia
-.TE
-.bp
-.LP
-\fBThe following are people and organizations that provided a specific
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-.sp 0.4
-.nr PS 9
-.nr VS 10
-.ps 9
-.vs 10
-.TS
-l l.
-386 device drivers Carnegie-Mellon University Mach project
-386 device drivers Don Ahn, Sean Fagan and Tim Tucker
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-Kernel enhancements Robert Elz, Peter Ivanov, Ian Johnstone, Piers Lauder,
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-ISO-9660 filesystem Pace Willisson, Atsushi Murai
-.TE
-.TS
-l l l l.
-adventure(6) Don Woods log(3) Peter McIlroy
-adventure(6) Jim Gillogly look(1) David Hitz
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-bib(1) Gary M. Levin mprof(1) Ben Zorn
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-bitstring(3) Paul Vixie multicast Stephen Deering
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-cal(1) Kim Letkeman pascal(1) Peter Kessler
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-chess(6) Stuart Cracraft (The FSF) patch(1) Larry Wall
-ching(6) Guy Harris pax(1) Keith Muller
-cksum(1) James W. Williams phantasia(6) C. Robertson
-clri(8) Rich $alz phantasia(6) Edward A. Estes
-col(1) Michael Rendell ping(8) Mike Muuss
-comm(1) Case Larsen pom(6) Keith E. Brandt
-compact(1) Colin L. McMaster pr(1) Keith Muller
-compress(1) James A. Woods primes(6) Landon Curt Noll
-compress(1) Joseph Orost qsort(3) Doug McIlroy
-compress(1) Spencer Thomas qsort(3) Earl Cohen
-courier(1) Eric Cooper qsort(3) Jon Bentley
-cp(1) David Hitz quad(3) Chris Torek
-cpio(1) AT&T quiz(6) Jim R. Oldroyd
-crypt(3) Tom Truscott quiz(6) Keith Gabryelski
-csh(1) Christos Zoulas radixsort(3) Dan Bernstein
-csh(1) Len Shar radixsort(3) Peter McIlroy
-curses(3) Elan Amir rain(6) Eric P. Scott
-curses(3) Ken Arnold ranlib(1) Hugh A. Smith
-cut(1) Adam S. Moskowitz rcs(1) Walter F. Tichy
-cut(1) Marciano Pitargue rdist(1) Michael Cooper
-dbx(1) Mark Linton regex(3) Henry Spencer
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-des(1) Jim Gillogly rs(1) John Kunze
-des(1) Phil Karn sail(6) David Riggle
-des(1) Richard Outerbridge sail(6) Edward Wang
-dipress(1) Xerox Corporation sccs(1) Eric Allman
-disklabel(8) Symmetric Computer Systems scsiformat(1) Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory
-du(1) Chris Newcomb sdb(1) Howard Katseff
-dungeon(6) R.M. Supnik sed(1) Diomidis Spinellis
-ed(1) Rodney Ruddock sendmail(8) Eric Allman
-emacs(1) Richard Stallman setmode(3) Dave Borman
-erf(3) Peter McIlroy, K.C. Ng sh(1) Kenneth Almquist
-error(1) Robert R. Henry slattach(8) Rick Adams
-ex(1) Mark Horton slip(8) Rick Adams
-factor(6) Landon Curt Noll spms(1) Peter J. Nicklin
-file(1) Ian Darwin strtod(3) David M. Gay
-find(1) Cimarron Taylor swab(3) Jeffrey Mogul
-finger(1) Tony Nardo sysconf(3) Sean Eric Fagan
-fish(6) Muffy Barkocy sysline(1) J.K. Foderaro
-fmt(1) Kurt Schoens syslog(3) Eric Allman
-fnmatch(3) Guido van Rossum systat(1) Bill Reeves
-fold(1) Kevin Ruddy systat(1) Robert Elz
-fortune(6) Ken Arnold tail(1) Edward Sze-Tyan Wang
-fpr(1) Robert Corbett talk(1) Clem Cole
-fsdb(8) Computer Consoles Inc. talk(1) Kipp Hickman
-fsplit(1) Asa Romberger talk(1) Peter Moore
-fsplit(1) Jerry Berkman telnet(1) Dave Borman
-gcc/groff integration UUNET Technologies, Inc. telnet(1) Paul Borman
-gcore(1) Eric Cooper termcap(5) John A. Kunze
-getcap(3) Casey Leedom termcap(5) Mark Horton
-glob(3) Guido van Rossum test(1) Kenneth Almquist
-gprof(1) Peter Kessler tetris(6) Chris Torek
-gprof(1) Robert R. Henry tetris(6) Darren F. Provine
-hack(6) Andries Brouwer (and a cast of thousands) timed(8) Riccardo Gusella
-hangman(6) Ken Arnold timed(8) Stefano Zatti
-hash(3) Margo Seltzer tn3270(1) Gregory Minshall
-heapsort(3) Elmer Yglesias tr(1) Igor Belchinskiy
-heapsort(3) Kevin Lew traceroute(8) Van Jacobson
-heapsort(3) Ronnie Kon trek(6) Eric Allman
-hunt(6) Conrad Huang tset(1) Eric Allman
-hunt(6) Greg Couch tsort(1) Michael Rendell
-icon(1) Bill Mitchell unifdef(1) Dave Yost
-icon(1) Ralph Griswold uniq(1) Case Larsen
-indent(1) David Willcox uucpd(8) Rick Adams
-indent(1) Eric Schmidt uudecode(1) Mark Horton
-indent(1) James Gosling uuencode(1) Mark Horton
-indent(1) Sun Microsystems uuq(1) Lou Salkind
-init(1) Donn Seeley uuq(1) Rick Adams
-j0(3) Sun Microsystems, Inc. uusnap(8) Randy King
-j1(3) Sun Microsystems, Inc. uusnap(8) Rick Adams
-jn(3) Sun Microsystems, Inc. vacation(1) Eric Allman
-join(1) David Goodenough vi(1) Steve Kirkendall
-join(1) Michiro Hikida which(1) Peter Kessler
-join(1) Steve Hayman who(1) Michael Fischbein
-jot(1) John Kunze window(1) Edward Wang
-jove(1) Jonathon Payne worm(6) Michael Toy
-kermit(1) Columbia University worms(6) Eric P. Scott
-kvm(3) Peter Shipley write(1) Craig Leres
-kvm(3) Steven McCanne write(1) Jef Poskanzer
-lam(1) John Kunze wump(6) Dave Taylor
-larn(6) Noah Morgan X25/Ethernet Univ. of Erlangen-Nuremberg
-lastcomm(1) Len Edmondson X25/LLC2 Dirk Husemann
-lex(1) Vern Paxson xargs(1) John B. Roll Jr.
-libm(3) Peter McIlroy xneko(6) Masayuki Koba
-libm(3) UUNET Technologies, Inc. XNSrouted(1) Bill Nesheim
-locate(1) James A. Woods xroach(6) J.T. Anderson
-lock(1) Bob Toxen yacc(1) Robert Paul Corbett
-.TE
-.\"
-.\" END OF CONTRIB: Contrib ends here.
-.\"
-.if o .bp
-\&
-.bp
-.nr PS 10
-.nr VS 12
-\&
-.sp |1.5i
-.LP
-.ce
-\fB\s+4PREFACE\s-4\fP
-.sp 3
-.NH 1
-Introduction
-.PP
-The major new facilities available in the 4.4BSD release are
-a new virtual memory system,
-the addition of ISO/OSI networking support,
-a new virtual filesystem interface supporting filesystem stacking,
-a freely redistributable implementation of NFS,
-a log-structured filesystem,
-enhancement of the local filesystems to support
-files and filesystems that are up to 2^63 bytes in size,
-enhanced security and system management support,
-and the conversion to and addition of the IEEE Std1003.1 (``POSIX'')
-facilities and many of the IEEE Std1003.2 facilities.
-In addition, many new utilities and additions have been made to the C-library.
-The kernel sources have been reorganized to collect all machine-dependent
-files for each architecture under one directory,
-and most of the machine-independent code is now free of code
-conditional on specific machines.
-The user structure and process structure have been reorganized
-to eliminate the statically-mapped user structure and to make most
-of the process resources shareable by multiple processes.
-The system and include files have been converted to be compatible
-with ANSI C, including function prototypes for most of the exported
-functions.
-There are numerous other changes throughout the system.
-.NH 1
-Changes in the Kernel
-.PP
-This release includes several important structural kernel changes.
-The kernel uses a new internal system call convention;
-the use of global (``u-dot'') variables for parameters and error returns
-has been eliminated,
-and interrupted system calls no longer abort using non-local goto's (longjmp's).
-A new sleep interface separates signal handling from scheduling priority,
-returning characteristic errors to abort or restart the current system call.
-This sleep call also passes a string describing the process state,
-which is used by the ps(1) program.
-The old sleep interface can be used only for non-interruptible sleeps.
-.PP
-Many data structures that were previously statically allocated
-are now allocated dynamically.
-These structures include mount entries, file entries,
-user open file descriptors, the process entries, the vnode table,
-the name cache, and the quota structures.
-.PP
-The 4.4BSD distribution adds support for several new architectures including
-SPARC-based Sparcstations 1 and 2,
-MIPS-based Decstation 3100 and 5000 and Sony NEWS,
-68000-based Hewlett-Packard 9000/300 and Omron Luna, and
-386-based Personal Computers.
-Both the HP300 and SPARC ports feature the ability to run binaries
-built for the native operating system (HP-UX or SunOS) by emulating
-their system calls.
-Though this native operating system compatibility was provided by the
-developers as needed for their purposes and is by no means complete,
-it is complete enough to run several non-trivial applications including
-those that require HP-UX or SunOS shared libraries.
-For example, the vendor supplied X11 server and windowing environment
-can be used on both the HP300 and SPARC.
-.NH 2
-Virtual memory changes
-.PP
-The new virtual memory implementation is derived from the MACH
-operating system developed at Carnegie-Mellon,
-and was ported to the BSD kernel at the University of Utah.
-The MACH virtual memory system call interface has been replaced with the
-``mmap''-based interface described in the ``Berkeley Software
-Architecture Manual''.
-The interface is similar to the interfaces shipped
-by several commercial vendors such as Sun, USL, and Convex Computer Corp.
-The integration of the new virtual memory is functionally complete,
-but, like most MACH-based virtual memory systems,
-still has serious performance problems under heavy memory load.
-.NH 2
-Networking additions and changes
-.PP
-The ISO/OSI Networking consists of a kernel implementation of
-transport class 4 (TP-4),
-connectionless networking protocol (CLNP),
-and 802.3-based link-level support (hardware-compatible with Ethernet*).
-.FS
-*Ethernet is a trademark of the Xerox Corporation.
-.FE
-We also include support for ISO Connection-Oriented Network Service,
-X.25, TP-0.
-The session and presentation layers are provided outside
-the kernel by the ISO development environment (ISODE).
-Included in this development environment are file
-transfer and management (FTAM), virtual terminals (VT),
-a directory services implementation (X.500), and miscellaneous other utilities.
-.PP
-Several important enhancements have been added to the TCP/IP
-protocols including TCP header prediction and
-serial line IP (SLIP) with header compression.
-The routing implementation has been completely rewritten
-to use a hierarchical routing tree with a mask per route
-to support the arbitrary levels of routing found in the ISO protocols.
-The routing table also stores and caches route characteristics
-to speed the adaptation of the throughput and congestion avoidance
-algorithms.
-.NH 2
-Additions and changes to filesystems
-.PP
-The 4.4BSD distribution contains most of the interfaces
-specified in the IEEE Std1003.1 system interface standard.
-Filesystem additions include IEEE Std1003.1 FIFOs,
-byte-range file locking, and saved user and group identifiers.
-.PP
-A new virtual filesystem interface has been added to the
-kernel to support multiple filesystems.
-In comparison with other interfaces,
-the Berkeley interface has been structured for more efficient support
-of filesystems that maintain state (such as the local filesystem).
-The interface has been extended with support for stackable
-filesystems done at UCLA.
-These extensions allow for filesystems to be layered on top of each
-other and allow new vnode operations to be added without requiring
-changes to existing filesystem implementations.
-For example, the umap filesystem
-is used to mount a sub-tree of an existing filesystem
-that uses a different set of uids and gids than the local system.
-Such a filesystem could be mounted from a remote site via NFS or it
-could be a filesystem on removable media brought from some foreign
-location that uses a different password file.
-.PP
-In addition to the local ``fast filesystem'',
-we have added an implementation of the network filesystem (NFS)
-that fully interoperates with the NFS shipped by Sun and its licensees.
-Because our NFS implementation was implemented using only the
-publicly available NFS specification,
-it does not require a license from Sun to use in source or binary form.
-By default it runs over UDP to be compatible with Sun's implementation.
-However, it can be configured on a per-mount basis to run over TCP.
-Using TCP allows it to be used quickly and efficiently through
-gateways and over long-haul networks.
-Using an extended protocol, it supports Leases to allow a limited
-callback mechanism that greatly reduces the network traffic necessary
-to maintain cache consistency between the server and its clients.
-.PP
-A new log-structured filesystem has been added that provides
-near disk-speed output and fast crash recovery.
-It is still experimental in the 4.4BSD release,
-so we do not recommend it for production use.
-We have also added a memory-based filesystem that runs in
-pageable memory, allowing large temporary filesystems without
-requiring dedicated physical memory.
-.PP
-The local ``fast filesystem'' has been enhanced to do
-clustering which allows large pieces of files to be
-allocated contiguously resulting in near doubling
-of filesystem throughput.
-The filesystem interface has been extended to allow
-files and filesystems to grow to 2^63 bytes in size.
-The quota system has been rewritten to support both
-user and group quotas (simultaneously if desired).
-Quota expiration is based on time rather than
-the previous metric of number of logins over quota.
-This change makes quotas more useful on fileservers
-onto which users seldom login.
-.PP
-The system security has been greatly enhanced by the
-addition of additional file flags that permit a file to be
-marked as immutable or append only.
-Once set, these flags can only be cleared by the super-user
-when the system is running single user.
-To protect against indiscriminate reading or writing of kernel
-memory, all writing and most reading of kernel data structures
-must be done using a new ``sysctl'' interface.
-The information to be access is described through an extensible
-``Management Information Base'' (MIB).
-.NH 2
-POSIX terminal driver changes
-.PP
-The biggest area of change is a new terminal driver.
-The terminal driver is similar to the System V terminal driver
-with the addition of the necessary extensions to get the
-functionality previously available in the 4.3BSD terminal driver.
-4.4BSD also adds the IEEE Std1003.1 job control interface,
-which is similar to the 4.3BSD job control interface,
-but adds a security model that was missing in the
-4.3BSD job control implementation.
-A new system call, \fIsetsid\fP,
-creates a job-control session consisting of a single process
-group with one member, the caller, that becomes a session leader.
-Only a session leader may acquire a controlling terminal.
-This is done explicitly via a \s-1TIOCSCTTY\s+1 \fIioctl\fP call,
-not implicitly by an \fIopen\fP call.
-The call fails if the terminal is in use.
-.PP
-For backward compatibility,
-both the old \fIioctl\fP
-calls and old options to \fIstty\fP
-are emulated.
-.NH 1
-Changes to the utilities
-.PP
-There are several new tools and utilities included in this release.
-A new version of ``make'' allows much-simplified makefiles for the
-system software and allows compilation for multiple architectures
-from the same source tree (which may be mounted read-only).
-Notable additions to the libraries include functions to traverse a
-filesystem hierarchy, database interfaces to btree and hashing functions,
-a new, fast implementation of stdio and a radix sort function.
-The additions to the utility suite include greatly enhanced versions of
-programs that display system status information, implementations of
-various traditional tools described in the IEEE Std1003.2 standard,
-and many others.
-.PP
-We have been tracking the IEEE Std1003.2 shell and utility work
-and have included prototypes of many of the proposed utilities.
-Most of the traditional utilities have been replaced
-with implementations conformant to the POSIX standards.
-Almost the entire manual suite has been rewritten to
-reflect the POSIX defined interfaces.
-In rewriting this software, we have generally
-been rewarded with significant performance improvements.
-Most of the libraries and header files have been converted
-to be compliant with ANSI C.
-The system libraries and utilities all compile
-with either ANSI or traditional C.
-.PP
-The Kerberos (version 4) authentication software has been
-integrated into much of the system (including NFS) to provide
-the first real network authentication on BSD.
-.PP
-A new implementation of the \fIex/vi\fP text editors is available
-in this release.
-It is intended as a bug-for-bug compatible version of the editors.
-It also has a few new features: 8-bit clean data, lines and files
-limited only by memory and disk space, split screens, tags stacks
-and left-right scrolling among them.
-\fINex/nvi\fP
-is not yet production quality; future versions of this software may
-be retrieved by anonymous ftp from ftp.cs.berkeley.edu, in the
-directory ucb/4bsd.
-.PP
-The \fIfind\fP
-utility has two new options that are important to be aware of if you
-intend to use NFS.
-The ``fstype'' and ``prune'' options can be used together to prevent
-find from crossing NFS mount points.
-.NH 2
-Additions and changes to the libraries
-.PP
-The \fIcurses\fP
-library has been largely rewritten.
-Important additional features include support
-for scrolling and \fItermios\fP.
-.PP
-An application front-end editing library, named libedit, has been
-added to the system.
-.PP
-A superset implementation of the SunOS kernel memory interface library,
-\fIlibkvm\fP, has been integrated into the system.
-.PP
-Nearly the entire C-library has been rewritten.
-Some highlights of the changes to the 4.4BSD C-library:
-.IP \(bu
-The newly added \fIfts\fP
-functions will do either physical or logical traversal of
-a file hierarchy as well as handle essentially infinite depth
-filesystems and filesystems with cycles.
-All the utilities in 4.4BSD that traverse file hierarchies
-have been converted to use \fIfts\fP.
-The conversion has always resulted in a significant performance
-gain, often of four or five to one in system time.
-.IP \(bu
-The newly added \fIdbopen\fP
-functions are intended to be a family of database access methods.
-Currently, they consist of \fIhash\fP,
-an extensible, dynamic hashing scheme,
-\fIbtree\fP, a sorted, balanced tree structure (B+tree's), and
-\fIrecno\fP, a flat-file interface for fixed or variable length records
-referenced by logical record number.
-Each of the access methods stores associated key/data pairs and
-uses the same record oriented interface for access.
-Future versions of this software may be retrieved by anonymous ftp
-from ftp.cs.berkeley.edu, in the directory ucb/4bsd.
-.IP \(bu
-The \fIqsort\fP
-function has been rewritten for additional performance.
-In addition, three new types of sorting functions,
-\fIheapsort\fP, \fImergesort\fP, and \fIradixsort\fP
-have been added to the system.
-The \fImergesort\fP
-function is optimized for data with pre-existing order,
-in which case it usually significantly outperforms \fIqsort\fP.
-The \fIradixsort\fP
-functions are variants of most-significant-byte radix sorting.
-They take time linear to the number of bytes to be
-sorted, usually significantly outperforming \fIqsort\fP
-on data that can be sorted in this fashion.
-An implementation of the POSIX 1003.2 standard \fIsort\fP
-based on \fIradixsort\fP is included in 4.4BSD.
-.IP \(bu
-The floating point support in the C-library has been replaced
-and is now accurate.
-.IP \(bu
-The C functions specified by both ANSI C, POSIX 1003.1 and
-1003.2 are now part of the C-library.
-This includes support for file name matching, shell globbing
-and both basic and extended regular expressions.
-.IP \(bu
-ANSI C multibyte and wide character support has been integrated.
-The rune functionality from the Bell Labs' Plan 9 system is provided
-as well.
-.IP \(bu
-The \fItermcap\fP
-functions have been generalized and replaced with a general
-purpose interface named \fIgetcap\fP.
-.IP \(bu
-The \fIstdio\fP
-routines have been replaced, and are usually much faster.
-In addition, the \fIfunopen\fP
-interface permits applications to provide their own I/O stream
-function support.
-.NH 1
-Acknowledgements
-.PP
-We were greatly assisted by the past employees of the Computer Systems
-Research Group: Mike Karels, Keith Sklower, and Marc Tietelbaum.
-Our distribution coordinator, Pauline Schwartz, has reliably managed
-the finances and the mechanics of shipping distributions for
-nearly the entire fourteen years of the group's existence.
-Without the help of lawyers Mary MacDonald, Joel Linzner,
-and Carla Shapiro, the 4.4BSD-Lite distribution would never
-have seen the light of day.
-Much help was provided by Chris Demetriou in getting bug fixes
-from NetBSD integrated back into the 4.4BSD-Lite distribution.
-.PP
-The vast majority of the 4.4BSD distribution comes from the numerous
-people in the UNIX community that provided their time and energy in
-creating the software contained in this release.
-We dedicate this distribution to them.
-.sp 1
-.in 4i
-.nf
-M. K. McKusick
-K. Bostic
-.fi
-.in 0
-.sp 3
-.nr PS 9
-.nr VS 10
-.LP
-.ne 1i
-.ce
-\fIPreface to the 4.3 Berkeley distribution\fP
-.sp 1
-.LP
-This update to the 4.2 distribution of August 1983 provides
-substantially improved performance, reliability, and security,
-the addition of Xerox Network System (NS) to the set of networking domains,
-and partial support for the VAX 8600 and MICROVAXII.
-.LP
-We were greatly assisted by the DEC UNIX Engineering group who
-provided two full time employees, Miriam Amos and Kevin Dunlap,
-to work at Berkeley. They were responsible for developing and
-debugging the distributed domain based name server
-and integrating it into the mail system.
-Mt Xinu provided the bug list distribution service as well as
-donating their MICROVAXII port to 4.3BSD.
-Drivers for the MICROVAXII were done by Rick Macklem
-at the University of Guelph.
-Sam Leffler provided valuable assistance and advice with many projects.
-Keith Sklower coordinated with William Nesheim and J. Q. Johnson at Cornell,
-and Chris Torek and James O'Toole at the University of Maryland
-to do the Xerox Network Systems implementation.
-Robert Elz at the University of Melbourne contributed greatly
-to the performance work in the kernel.
-Donn Seeley and Jay Lepreau at the University of Utah
-relentlessly dealt with a myriad of details;
-Donn completed the unfinished performance work on Fortran 77
-and fixed numerous C compiler bugs.
-Ralph Campbell handled innumerable questions and problem reports
-and had time left to write rdist.
-George Goble was invaluable in shaking out the bugs on his
-production systems long before we were confident enough to
-inflict it on our users.
-Bill Shannon at Sun Microsystems has been helpful in
-providing us with bug fixes and improvements.
-Tom Ferrin, in his capacity as Board Member of Usenix Association,
-handled the logistics of large-scale reproduction
-of the 4.2BSD and 4.3BSD manuals.
-Mark Seiden helped with the typesetting and indexing of the 4.3BSD manuals.
-Special mention goes to Bob Henry for keeping ucbvax running
-in spite of new and improved software and
-an ever increasing mail, news, and uucp load.
-.LP
-Numerous others contributed their time and energy in creating
-the user contributed software for the release.
-As always, we are grateful to the UNIX user community for
-encouragement and support.
-.LP
-Once again, the financial support of the Defense Advanced Research
-Projects Agency is gratefully acknowledged.
-.sp 1
-.in 4i
-.nf
-M. K. McKusick
-M. J. Karels
-J. M. Bloom
-.fi
-.in 0
-.sp 2
-.ne 2i
-.ce
-\fIPreface to the 4.2 Berkeley distribution\fP
-.sp 1
-This update to the 4.1 distribution of June 1981 provides support
-for the VAX 11/730, full networking and interprocess communication
-support, an entirely new filesystem, and many other new features.
-It is certainly the most ambitious release of software ever prepared
-here and represents many man-years of work.
-Bill Shannon (both at DEC and at Sun Microsystems)
-and Robert Elz of the University
-of Melbourne contributed greatly to this distribution
-through new device drivers and painful debugging episodes.
-Rob Gurwitz of BBN wrote the initial version of the code upon
-which the current networking support is based.
-Eric Allman of Britton-Lee donated countless hours to the mail system.
-Bill Croft (both at SRI and Sun Microsystems) aided in the
-debugging and development of the networking facilities.
-Dennis Ritchie of Bell Laboratories also
-contributed greatly to this distribution, providing
-valuable advise and guidance. Helge Skrivervik
-worked on the device drivers which enabled
-the distribution to be delivered with a TU58
-console cassette and RX01 console flopppy disk, and
-rewrote major portions of the standalone i/o system
-to support formatting of non-DEC peripherals.
-.LP
-Numerous others contributed their time and energy in organizing
-the user software for release, while many groups of people on
-campus suffered patiently through the low spots of development.
-As always, we are grateful to the UNIX user community for
-encouragement and support.
-.LP
-Once again, the financial support of the Defense Advanced Research
-Projects Agency is gratefully acknowledged.
-.sp 1
-.in 4i
-.nf
-S. J. Leffler
-W. N. Joy
-M. K. McKusick
-.fi
-.in 0
-.sp 2
-.ne 1i
-.ce
-\fIPreface to the 4.1 Berkeley distribution\fP
-.sp 1
-This update to the fourth distribution of November 1980 provides
-support for the VAX 11/750 and for the full interconnect architecture
-of the VAX 11/780. Robert Elz of the University of Melbourne contributed
-greatly to this distribution especially in the boot-time system
-configuration code; Bill Shannon of DEC supplied us with the
-implementation of DEC standard bad block handling. The research
-group at Bell Laboratories and DEC Merrimack provided us with access
-to 11/750's in order to debug its support.
-.LP
-Other individuals too numerous to mention provided us with bug reports,
-fixes and other enhancements which are reflected in the system. We
-are grateful to the UNIX user community for encouragement and
-support.
-.LP
-The financial support of the Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency
-in support of this work is gratefully acknowledged.
-.sp 1
-.in 4i
-.nf
-W. N. Joy
-R. S. Fabry
-K. Sklower
-.fi
-.in 0
-.sp 2
-.ne 1i
-.ce
-\fIPreface to the Fourth Berkeley distribution\fP
-.sp 1
-This manual reflects the Berkeley system mid-October, 1980.
-A large amount of tuning has been done in the system since the last release;
-we hope this provides as noticeable an improvement for you as it did for us.
-This release finds the system in transition; a number of facilities
-have been added in experimental versions (job control, resource limits)
-and the implementation of others is imminent (shared-segments, higher
-performance from the filesystem, etc.).
-Applications which use facilities that are in transition should be aware
-that some of the system calls and library routines will change
-in the near future. We have tried to be conscientious and make it
-very clear where this is likely.
-.LP
-A new group has been formed
-at Berkeley, to assume responsibility for the future
-development and support of a version of UNIX on the VAX.
-The group has received funding from the
-Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)
-to supply a standard version of the system to DARPA contractors.
-The same version of the system will be made available to other licensees
-of UNIX on the VAX for a duplication charge.
-We gratefully acknowledge
-the support of this contract.
-.LP
-We wish to acknowledge the contribution of a number of individuals to
-the system.
-.LP
-We would especially like to thank
-Jim Kulp of IIASA,
-Laxenburg Austria and his colleagues,
-who first put job control facilities into UNIX;
-Eric Allman, Robert Henry, Peter Kessler and Kirk McKusick, who
-contributed major new pieces of software;
-Mark Horton, who contributed to the improvement of facilities and
-substantially improved the quality of our bit-mapped fonts,
-our hardware support staff:
-Bob Kridle,
-Anita Hirsch,
-Len Edmondson
-and
-Fred Archibald,
-who helped us to debug a number of new peripherals;
-Ken Arnold who did much of the leg-work in getting this version of the
-manual prepared, and did the final editing of sections 2-6,
-some special individuals within Bell Laboratories:
-Greg Chesson,
-Stuart Feldman,
-Dick Haight,
-Howard Katseff,
-Brian Kernighan,
-Tom London,
-John Reiser,
-Dennis Ritchie,
-Ken Thompson,
-and
-Peter Weinberger
-who helped out by answering questions;
-our excellent local DEC field service people,
-Kevin Althaus and Frank Chargois
-who kept our machine running virtually all the time, and fixed it quickly
-when things broke;
-and,
-Mike Accetta of Carnegie-Mellon University,
-Robert Elz of the University of Melbourne,
-George Goble of Purdue University,
-and
-David Kashtan of the Stanford Research Institute
-for their technical advice and support.
-.LP
-Special thanks to Bill Munson of DEC who helped by augmenting
-our computing facility
-and to Eric Allman for carefully proofreading the
-``last'' draft of the manual and finding the bugs which we knew were
-there but couldn't see.
-.LP
-We dedicate this to the memory of David Sakrison, late chairman of our
-department, who gave his support to the establishment of our VAX
-computing facility, and to our department as a whole.
-.sp 1
-.in 4i
-.nf
-W. N. Joy
-\v'-3p'\h'2p'\*:\v'3p'\h'-2p'O. Babao\*~glu
-R. S. Fabry
-K. Sklower
-.fi
-.in 0
-.sp 2
-.ne 1i
-.ce
-\fIPreface to the Third Berkeley distribution\fP
-.sp 1
-This manual reflects the state of the Berkeley system, December 1979.
-We would like to thank all the people at Berkeley who have contributed to
-the system, and particularly thank
-Prof. Richard Fateman for creating and administrating a hospitable environment,
-Mark Horton who helped prepare this manual, and
-Eric Allman, Bob Kridle, Juan Porcar
-and Richard Tuck for their contributions to the kernel.
-.LP
-The cooperation of Bell Laboratories in providing us with an early version of
-\s-2UNIX\s0/32V is greatly appreciated. We would especially like to thank
-Dr. Charles Roberts of Bell Laboratories for helping us obtain this release,
-and acknowledge
-T. B. London,
-J. F. Reiser,
-K. Thompson,
-D. M. Ritchie,
-G. Chesson and
-H. P. Katseff
-for their advice and support.
-.sp 1
-.in 4i
-W. N. Joy
-.br
-\v'-3p'\h'2p'\*:\v'3p'\h'-2p'O. Babao\*~glu
-.in 0
-.sp 2
-.ne 1i
-.ce
-\fIPreface to the UNIX/32V distribution\fP
-.sp 1
-The
-.UX
-operating system for the VAX*-11
-.FS
-*VAX and PDP are Trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation.
-.FE
-provides substantially the same facilities as the
-\s-2UNIX\s0
-system for the PDP*-11.
-.LP
-We acknowledge the work of many who came before us, and particularly thank
-G. K. Swanson, W. M. Cardoza, D. K. Sharma, and J. F. Jarvis for assistance
-with the implementation for the VAX-11/780.
-.sp 1
-.in 4i
-T. B. London
-.br
-J. F. Reiser
-.in 0
-.sp 2
-.ne 1i
-.ce
-\fIPreface to the Seventh Edition\fP
-.sp 1
-.LP
-Although this Seventh Edition no longer bears their byline,
-Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie remain the fathers
-and preceptors of the
-\s-2UNIX\s0
-time-sharing system.
-Many of the improvements here described bear their mark.
-Among many, many other people who have contributed to
-the further flowering of
-\s-2UNIX\s0,
-we wish especially to
-acknowledge the contributions of
-A. V. Aho,
-S. R. Bourne,
-L. L. Cherry,
-G. L. Chesson,
-S. I. Feldman,
-C. B. Haley,
-R. C. Haight,
-S. C. Johnson,
-M. E. Lesk,
-T. L. Lyon,
-L. E. McMahon,
-R. Morris,
-R. Muha,
-D. A. Nowitz,
-L. Wehr,
-and
-P. J. Weinberger.
-We appreciate also
-the effective advice and criticism of
-T. A. Dolotta,
-A. G. Fraser,
-J. F. Maranzano,
-and
-J. R. Mashey;
-and we remember the important work of
-the late Joseph F. Ossanna.
-.sp 1
-.in 4i
-B. W. Kernighan
-.br
-M. D. McIlroy
-.in 0
-.if o .bp
-\&
-.bp
-.de IR
-\fI\\$1\^\fR\\$2
-..
-.de RI
-\fR\\$1\fI\\$2\^\fR\\$3
-..
-.ce
-\fB\s+4INTRODUCTION\s-4\fP
-.sp 1
-.nr PS 10
-.nr VS 12
-.LP
-The documentation for 4.4BSD is in a format similar
-to the one used for the 4.2BSD and 4.3BSD manuals.
-It is divided into three sets; each set consists of one or more volumes.
-The abbreviations for the volume names are listed in square brackets;
-the abbreviations for the manual sections are listed in parenthesis.
-.DS
-I. User's Documents
- User's Reference Manual [URM]
- Commands (1)
- Games (6)
- Macro packages and language conventions (7)
- User's Supplementary Documents [USD]
- Getting Started
- Basic Utilities
- Communicating with the World
- Text Editing
- Document Preparation
- Amusements
-
-II. Programmer's Documents
- Programmer's Reference Manual [PRM]
- System calls (2)
- Subroutines (3)
- Special files (4)
- File formats and conventions (5)
- Programmer's Supplementary Documents [PSD]
- Documents of Historic Interest
- Languages in common use
- Programming Tools
- Programming Libraries
- General Reference
-
-III. System Manager's Manual [SMM]
- Maintenance commands (8)
- System Installation and Administration
-.DE
-.LP
-References to individual documents are given as ``volume:document'',
-thus USD:1 refers to the first document in the ``User's Supplementary
-Documents''.
-References to manual pages are given as ``\fIname\fP(section)'' thus
-.IR sh (1)
-refers to the shell manual entry in section 1.
-.LP
-The manual pages give descriptions of the features of the
-4.4BSD system, as developed at the University of California at Berkeley.
-They do not attempt to provide perspective or tutorial information about the
-4.4BSD operating system, its facilities, or its implementation.
-Various documents on those topics are contained in the
-``\s-1UNIX\s+1 User's Supplementary Documents'' (USD), the
-``\s-1UNIX\s+1 Programmer's Supplementary Documents'' (PSD),
-and ``\s-1UNIX\s+1 System Manager's Manual'' (SMM).
-In particular, for an overview see ``The \s-1UNIX\s+1 Time-Sharing System'' (PSD:1)
-by Ritchie and Thompson; for a tutorial see
-``\s8\s-1UNIX\s+1\s10 for Beginners'' (USD:1) by Kernighan,
-and for an guide to the new features of this latest version, see
-``Berkeley Software Architecture Manual (4.4 Edition)'' (PSD:5).
-.LP
-Within the area it surveys, this volume attempts to be timely, complete
-and concise. Where the latter two objectives conflict,
-the obvious is often left unsaid in favor of brevity.
-It is intended that each program be described as it is, not as it should be.
-Inevitably, this means that various sections will soon be out of date.
-.LP
-Commands are programs intended to be invoked directly by
-the user, in contrast to subroutines, that are
-intended to be called by the user's programs.
-User commands are described in URM section 1.
-Commands generally reside in directory
-.I /bin
-(for
-.IR bin \|ary
-programs).
-Some programs also reside in
-.I
-/\|usr/\|bin,
-.R
-to save space in
-.I /\|bin.
-.R
-These directories are searched automatically by the command interpreters.
-Additional directories that may be of interest include
-.I
-/\|usr/\|contrib/\|bin,
-.R
-which has contributed software
-.I
-/\|usr/\|old/\|bin,
-.R
-which has old but sometimes still useful software and
-.I
-/\|usr/\|local/\|bin,
-.R
-which contains software local to your site.
-.LP
-Games have been relegated to URM section 6 and
-.I
-/\|usr/\|games,
-.R
-to keep them from contaminating
-the more staid information of URM section 1.
-.LP
-Miscellaneous collection of information necessary for
-writing in various specialized languages such as character codes,
-macro packages for typesetting, etc is contained in URM section 7.
-.LP
-System calls are entries into the BSD kernel.
-The system call interface is identical to a C language
-procedure call; the equivalent C procedures are described in PRM section 2.
-.LP
-An assortment of subroutines is available;
-they are described in PRM section 3.
-The primary libraries in which they are kept are described in
-.IR intro (3).
-The functions are described in terms of C.
-.LP
-PRM section 4 discusses the characteristics of
-each system ``file'' that refers to an I/O device.
-The names in this section refer to the HP300 device names for the hardware,
-instead of the names of the special files themselves.
-.LP
-The file formats and conventions (PRM section 5)
-documents the structure of particular kinds of files;
-for example, the form of the output of the loader and
-assembler is given. Excluded are files used by only one command,
-for example the assembler's intermediate files.
-.LP
-Commands and procedures intended for use primarily by the
-system administrator are described in SMM section 8.
-The files described here are almost all kept in the directory
-.I /\|etc.
-The system administration binaries reside in
-.I
-/\|sbin,
-.R
-and
-.I
-/\|usr/\|sbin.
-.LP
-Each section consists of independent entries of a page or so each.
-The name of the entry is in the upper corners of its pages,
-together with the section number.
-Entries within each section are alphabetized.
-The page numbers of each entry start at 1;
-it is infeasible to number consecutively the pages of
-a document like this that is republished in many variant forms.
-.LP
-All entries are based on a common format;
-not all subsections always appear.
-.RS
-.LP
-The
-.I name
-subsection lists the exact names of the commands and subroutines
-covered under the entry and gives a short description of their purpose.
-.LP
-The
-.IR synopsis ""
-summarizes the use of the program being described.
-A few conventions are used, particularly in the Commands subsection:
-.LP
-.RS
-.B Boldface
-words are considered literals, and are typed just as they appear.
-.LP
-Square brackets [ ] around an argument show that the argument is optional.
-When an argument is given as ``name'', it always refers to a file name.
-.LP
-Ellipses ``.\|.\|.'' are used to show that the previous argument-prototype
-may be repeated.
-.LP
-A final convention is used by the commands themselves.
-An argument beginning with a minus sign ``\-'' usually means that it is an
-option-specifying argument, even if it appears in a position where
-a file name could appear. Therefore, it is unwise to have files whose
-names begin with ``\-''.
-.LP
-.RE
-The
-.IR description ""
-subsection discusses in detail the subject at hand.
-.LP
-The
-.IR files ""
-subsection gives the names of files that are built into the program.
-.LP
-A
-.I
-see also
-.R
-subsection gives pointers to related information.
-.LP
-A
-.I diagnostics
-subsection discusses the diagnostic indications that may be produced.
-Messages that are intended to be self-explanatory are not listed.
-.LP
-The
-.IR bugs ""
-subsection gives known bugs and sometimes deficiencies.
-Occasionally the suggested fix is also described.
-.LP
-.RE
-At the beginning of URM is a table of contents,
-organized by section and alphabetically within each section.
-There is also a permuted index derived from the table of contents.
-Within each index entry, the title of the writeup to which
-it refers is followed by the appropriate section number in parentheses.
-This fact is important because there is considerable
-name duplication among the sections, arising principally from commands that
-exist only to exercise a particular system call.
-Finally, there is a list of documents on the inside back cover of each volume.
-.SH
-HOW TO GET STARTED
-.LP
-This section sketches the basic information you need to get started on \s-1UNIX\s+1;
-how to log in and log out, how to communicate through your terminal,
-and how to run a program.
-See ``\s-1UNIX\s+1 for Beginners'' in (USD:1) for a
-more complete introduction to the system.
-.LP
-.I
-Logging in.\ \
-.R
-Almost any ASCII terminal capable of
-full duplex operation and generating
-the entire character set can be used.
-You must have a valid user name,
-which may be obtained from the system administration.
-If you will be accessing \s-1UNIX\s+1 remotely, you will also
-need to obtain the telephone number for the system that you will be using.
-.LP
-After a data connection is established,
-the login procedure depends on what type of terminal you are using
-and local system conventions.
-If your terminal is directly connected to the computer,
-it generally runs at 9600 or 19200 baud.
-If you are using a modem running over a phone line,
-the terminal must be set at the speed appropriate for the modem you are using,
-typically 1200, 2400, or 9600 baud.
-The half/full duplex switch should always be set at full-duplex.
-(This switch will often have to be changed
-since many other systems require half-duplex).
-.LP
-When a connection is established, the system types ``login:'';
-you type your user name, followed by the ``return'' key.
-If you have a password, the system asks for it
-and suppresses echo to the terminal so the password will not appear.
-After you have logged in, the ``return'', ``new line'', or ``linefeed'' keys
-will give exactly the same results.
-A message-of-the-day usually greets you before your first prompt.
-.LP
-If the system types out a few garbage characters
-after you have established a data connection
-(the ``login:'' message at the wrong speed),
-depress the ``break'' (or ``interrupt'') key.
-This is a speed-independent signal to \s-1UNIX\s+1
-that a different speed terminal is in use.
-The system then will type ``login:,'' this time at another speed.
-Continue depressing the break key until ``login:'' appears clearly,
-then respond with your user name.
-.LP
-For all these terminals, it is important
-that you type your name in lower-case if possible; if you type
-upper-case letters,
-\s-1UNIX\s+1 will assume that your terminal cannot generate lower-case
-letters and will translate all subsequent lower-case letters to upper case.
-.LP
-The evidence that you have successfully logged in is that a shell program
-will type a prompt (``$'' or ``%'') to you.
-(The shells are described below under ``How to run a program.'')
-.LP
-For more information, consult
-.IR tset (1),
-and
-.IR stty (1),
-which tell how to adjust terminal behavior;
-.IR getty (8)
-discusses the login sequence in more detail, and
-.IR tty (4)
-discusses terminal I/O.
-.LP
-.I
-Logging out.\ \
-.R
-There are three ways to log out:
-.IP
-By typing ``logout'' or an end-of-file
-indication (EOT character, control-D) to the shell.
-The shell will terminate and the ``login:'' message will appear again.
-.IP
-You can log in directly as another user by giving a
-.IR login (1)
-command.
-.IP
-If worse comes to worse,
-you can simply hang up the phone; but beware \- some machines may
-lack the necessary hardware to detect that the phone has been hung up.
-Ask your system administrator if this is a problem on your machine.
-.LP
-.I
-How to communicate through your terminal.\ \
-.R
-When you type characters, a gnome deep in the system
-gathers your characters and saves them in a secret place.
-The characters will not be given to a program
-until you type a return (or newline), as described above in
-.I
-Logging in.
-.R
-.LP
-\s-1UNIX\s+1 terminal I/O is full-duplex.
-It has full read-ahead, which means that you can type at any time,
-even while a program is typing at you.
-Of course, if you type during output, the printed output will
-have the input characters interspersed.
-However, whatever you type will be saved up and interpreted in correct sequence.
-There is a limit to the amount of read-ahead,
-but it is generous and not likely to be exceeded unless
-the system is in trouble.
-When the read-ahead limit is exceeded, the system
-throws away all the saved characters (or beeps, if your prompt was a ``%'').
-.LP
-The ^U (control-U) character in typed input kills all the
-preceding characters in the line,
-so typing mistakes can be repaired on a single line.
-Also, the delete character (DEL) or sometimes the
-backspace character (control-H) erases the last character typed.
-.IR Tset (1)
-or
-.IR stty (1)
-can be used to change these defaults.
-Successive uses of delete (or backspace) erases characters back to, but
-not beyond, the beginning of the line.
-DEL and ^U (control-U) can be transmitted to a program by preceding them with
-^V (control-V).
-(So, to erase ^V (control-V), you need two deletes or backspaces).
-.LP
-An
-.I
-interrupt signal
-.R
-is sent to a program by typing ^C (control-C) or the ``break'' key
-which is not passed to programs.
-This signal generally causes whatever program you are running to terminate.
-It is typically used to stop a long printout that you do not want.
-However, programs can arrange either to ignore this signal altogether,
-or to be notified when it happens (instead of being terminated).
-The editor, for example, catches interrupts and stops what it is doing,
-instead of terminating, so that an interrupt can
-be used to halt an editor printout without losing the file being edited.
-The interrupt character can also be changed with
-.IR tset (1)
-or
-.IR stty (1).
-.LP
-It is also possible to suspend output temporarily using ^S (control-S)
-and later resume output with ^Q (control-Q).
-Output can be thrown away without interrupting
-the program by typing ^O (control-O); see
-.IR tty (4).
-.LP
-The
-.IR quit ""
-signal is generated by typing the \s8ASCII\s10 FS character.
-(FS appears many places on different terminals, most commonly
-as control-\e or control-\^|\^.)
-It not only causes a running program to terminate
-but also generates a file with the core image of the terminated process.
-Quit is useful for debugging.
-.LP
-Besides adapting to the speed of the terminal,
-\s-1UNIX\s+1 tries to be intelligent about whether
-you have a terminal with the newline function
-or whether it must be simulated with carriage-return and line-feed.
-In the latter case, all input carriage returns
-are turned to newline characters (the standard line delimiter)
-and both a carriage return and a line feed are echoed to the terminal.
-If you get into the wrong mode, the
-.IR reset (1)
-command will rescue you.
-If the terminal does not appear to be echoing anything that you type,
-it may be stuck in ``no-echo'' or ``raw'' mode.
-Try typing ``(control-J)reset(control-J)'' to recover.
-.LP
-Tab characters are used freely in \s-1UNIX\s+1 source programs.
-If your terminal does not have the tab function,
-you can arrange to have them turned into spaces
-during output, and echoed as spaces during input.
-The system assumes that tabs are set every eight columns.
-Again, the
-.IR tset (1)
-or
-.IR stty (1)
-command can be used to change these defaults.
-.IR Tset (1)
-can be used to set the tab stops automatically when necessary.
-.LP
-.I
-How to run a program; the shells.\ \
-.R
-When you have successfully logged in, a program
-called a shell is listening to your terminal.
-The shell reads typed-in lines, splits them up
-into a command name and arguments, and executes the command.
-A command is simply an executable program.
-The shell looks in several system directories to find the command.
-You can also place commands in your own directory and
-have the shell find them there.
-There is nothing special about system-provided
-commands except that they are kept in a directory where the shell can find them.
-.LP
-The command name is always the first word on an input line;
-it and its arguments are separated from one another by spaces.
-.LP
-When a program terminates, the shell will ordinarily regain control and type
-a prompt at you to show that it is ready for another command.
-.LP
-The shells have many other capabilities, that are described in detail in
-sections
-.IR sh (1)
-and
-.IR csh (1).
-If the shell prompts you with ``$'', then it is an instance of
-.IR sh (1),
-the original \s-1UNIX\s+1 shell.
-If it prompts with ``%'' then it is an instance of
-.IR csh (1),
-a shell written at Berkeley.
-The shells are different for all but the most simple terminal usage.
-Most users at Berkeley choose
-.IR csh (1)
-because of the
-.I history
-mechanism and the
-.I alias
-feature, that greatly enhance its power when used interactively.
-.I Csh
-also supports the job-control facilities;
-see
-.IR csh (1)
-or the Csh introduction in USD:4 for details.
-.LP
-You can change from one shell to the other by using the
-.I chpass (1)
-command, which takes effect at your next login.
-.LP
-.I
-The current directory.\ \
-.R
-\s-1UNIX\s+1 has a filesystem arranged as a hierarchy of directories.
-When the system administrator gave you a user name,
-they also created a directory for you (ordinarily
-with the same name as your user name).
-When you log in, any file name you type is by default in this directory.
-Since you are the owner of this directory, you have
-full permission to read, write, alter, or destroy its contents.
-Permissions to have your will with other directories
-and files will have been granted or denied to you by their owners.
-As a matter of observed fact, few \s-1UNIX\s+1
-users protect their files from perusal by other users.
-.LP
-To change the current directory (but not the set of permissions you
-were endowed with at login) use
-.IR cd (1).
-.LP
-.I
-Path names.\ \
-.R
-To refer to files not in the current directory, you must use a path name.
-Full path names begin with ``/\|'', the name of the root directory of the
-whole filesystem.
-After the slash comes the name of each directory containing the next
-sub-directory (followed by a ``/\|'') until finally the file name is reached.
-For example,
-.I
-/\^var/\^tmp/\^filex
-.R
-refers to the file
-.I
-filex
-.R
-in the directory
-.I
-tmp; tmp
-.R
-is itself a subdirectory of
-.I
-var; var
-.R
-springs directly from the root directory.
-.LP
-If your current directory has subdirectories,
-the path names of files therein begin with
-the name of the subdirectory with no prefixed ``/\|''.
-.LP
-A path name may be used anywhere a file name is required.
-.LP
-Important commands that modify the contents of files are
-.IR cp (1),
-.IR mv (1),
-and
-.IR rm (1),
-which respectively copy, move (i.e. rename) and remove files.
-To find out the status of files or directories, use
-.IR ls (1).
-See
-.IR mkdir (1)
-for making directories and
-.IR rmdir (1)
-for destroying them.
-.LP
-For a fuller discussion of the filesystem, see
-``A Fast File System for \s-1UNIX\s+1'' (SMM:5)
-by McKusick, Joy, Leffler, and Fabry.
-It may also be useful to glance through PRM section 2,
-that discusses system calls, even if you do not intend
-to deal with the system at that level.
-.LP
-.I
-Writing a program.\ \
-.R
-To enter the text of a source program into a \s-1UNIX\s+1 file,
-use the standard display editor
-.IR vi (1)
-or its \s-1WYSIWYG\s+1 counterparts
-.IR jove (1)
-and
-.IR emacs (1).
-(The old standard editor
-.IR ed (1)
-is also available.)
-The principle language in \s-1UNIX\s+1 is provided by the C compiler
-.IR cc (1).
-User contributed software in the latest
-release of the system supports the programming languages perl and C++.
-After the program text has been entered through the editor
-and written to a file, you can give the file
-to the appropriate language processor as an argument.
-The output of the language processor
-will be left on a file in the current directory named ``a.out''.
-If the output is precious, use
-.IR mv (1)
-to move it to a less exposed name after successful compilation.
-.LP
-When you have finally gone through this entire process
-without provoking any diagnostics, the resulting program
-can be run by giving its name to the shell
-in response to the shell (``$'' or ``%'') prompt.
-.LP
-Your programs can receive arguments from the command line
-just as system programs do,
-see ``\s-1UNIX\s+1 Programming - Second Edition'' (PSD:4),
-or for a more terse description
-.IR execve (2).
-.LP
-.I
-Text processing.\ \
-.R
-Almost all text is entered through an editor such as
-.IR vi (1),
-.IR jove (1),
-or
-.IR emacs (1).
-The commands most often used to write text on a terminal are:
-.IR cat (1),
-.IR more (1),
-and
-.IR nroff (1).
-.LP
-The
-.IR cat (1)
-command simply dumps \s8ASCII\s10 text
-on the terminal, with no processing at all.
-.IR More (1)
-is useful for preventing the output of a command from
-scrolling off the top of your screen.
-It is also well suited to perusing files.
-.IR Nroff (1)
-is an elaborate text formatting program.
-Used naked, it requires careful forethought, but for
-ordinary documents it has been tamed; see
-.IR me (7)
-and
-.IR ms (7).
-.LP
-.IR Groff (1)
-converts documents to postscript for output to a
-Laserwriter or Phototypesetter.
-It is similar to
-.IR nroff (1),
-and often works from exactly the same source text.
-It was used to produce this manual.
-.LP
-.IR Script (1)
-lets you keep a record of your session in a file,
-which can then be printed, mailed, etc.
-It provides the advantages of a hard-copy terminal
-even when using a display terminal.
-.LP
-.I
-Status inquiries.\ \
-.R
-Various commands exist to provide you with useful information.
-.IR w (1)
-prints a list of users currently logged in, and what they are doing.
-.IR date (1)
-prints the current time and date.
-.IR ls (1)
-will list the files in your directory or give
-summary information about particular files.
-.LP
-.I
-Surprises.\ \
-.R
-Certain commands provide inter-user communication.
-Even if you do not plan to use them, it would be
-well to learn something about them, because someone else may aim them at you.
-.LP
-To communicate with another user currently logged in,
-.IR write (1)
-or
-.IR talk (1)
-is used;
-.IR mail (1)
-will leave a message whose presence will be announced
-to another user when they next log in.
-The write-ups in the manual also suggest how to respond to
-the these commands if you are a target.
-.LP
-If you use
-.IR csh (1)
-the key ^Z (control-Z) will cause jobs to ``stop''.
-If this happens before you learn about it,
-you can simply continue by saying ``fg'' (for foreground) to bring
-the job back.
-.LP
-We hope that you will come to enjoy using the BSD system.
-Although it is very large and contains many commands,
-you can become very productive using only a small subset of them.
-As your needs expand to doing new tasks,
-you will almost always find that the system has the facilities
-that you need to accomplish them easily and quickly.
-.LP
-Most importantly, the source code to the BSD system
-is cheaply available to anyone that wants it.
-On many BSD systems, it can be found in the directory
-.IR /\|usr/\|src .
-You may simply want to find out how something works
-or fix some important bug without waiting months for
-your vendor to respond.
-It is also particularly useful if you
-want to grab another piece of code to bootstrap a new project.
-Provided that you retain the copyrights and acknowledgements
-at the top of each file, you are free to redistribute your
-work for fun or profit.
-Naturally, we hope that you will allow others to also redistribute
-your code, though you are not required to do so unless you
-use copyleft code (which is primarily found in the software
-contributed from the Free Software Foundation and is
-clearly identified).
-.LP
-Good luck and enjoy BSD.
-.OH '''\s10- % -\s0'
-.EH '\s10- % -\s0'''
-.if o .bp
-\&
-.bp
-.EF '\s9\\\\*(Dt''\\\\*(Ed\s0'
-.OF '\s9\\\\*(Ed''\\\\*(Dt\s0'
-.ce
-\s+4\fBLIST \|OF \|MANUAL \|PAGES\fP\s-4
-.nr x 0.5
-.in +\nxi
-.nf
-.ta \n(.lu-\nxuR
-.de xx
-\\$1\f3 \a \fP\\$2
-..
-.de t
-.sp 1v
-.ne .5i
-.cs 3
-.ti -\\nxi
-.ss 18
-\f3\s9\\$2. \\$3\s0\fP
-.ss 12
-.if t .sp .5v
-.cs 3 36
-.ds Ed Section \\$2
-.ds Dt \\$3
-.so \\$1
-..
-.t toc1 1 "Commands and Application Programs"
-.t toc2 2 "System Calls"
-.t toc3 3 "C Library Subroutines"
-.t toc4 4 "Special Files"
-.t toc5 5 "File Formats"
-.t toc6 6 "Games"
-.t toc7 7 "Miscellaneous"
-.t toc8 8 "System Maintenance"
-.in -\nxi
-.cs 3
-.ta .5i 1i 1.5i 2i 2.5i 3i 3.5i 4i 4.5i 5i 5.5i 6i 6.5i
-.if o .bp
-\&
-.bp
-\&
-.OH '\s9\fIPermuted Index\fP''- % -\s0'
-.EH '\s9- % -''\fIPermuted Index\fP\s0'
-.ds Ed 4.4BSD
-.ds Dt June \|1993
-.ce
-\s+4\fBPERMUTED \|INDEX\fP\s-4
-.sp 1
-.nr PS 8
-.nr VS 9
-.LP
-.\" backup from slotput 1, slot, 2
-.tr ~
-.nf
-.cs 3 36
-.de xx
-.ds s1\"
-.if \w\\$2 .ds s1 ~~\"
-.ds s2 ~~~\"
-.ds s3\"
-.if \w\\$4 .ds s3 ~~\"
-.ds s4 ~~\"
-.ds s5 ~~\"
-.ds y \\*(s4\f3\fP\\*(s5
-.ta 6i-\w\\*(s5u
-\h"3i-\w\\$1\\*(s1\\$2\\*(s2u"\\$1\\*(s1\\$2\\*(s2\\$3\\*(s3\\$4\\*y\\$5
-..
-.so ptxx
-.cs 3
-.ta .5i 1i 1.5i 2i 2.5i 3i 3.5i 4i 4.5i 5i 5.5i 6i 6.5i
diff --git a/share/man/man0/tocrc b/share/man/man0/tocrc
deleted file mode 100755
index 41b43f7..0000000
--- a/share/man/man0/tocrc
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,74 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh -
-#
-# Copyright (c) 1993
-# The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
-#
-# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
-# are met:
-# 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-# 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
-# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
-# documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
-# 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
-# must display the following acknowledgement:
-# This product includes software developed by the University of
-# California, Berkeley and its contributors.
-# 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
-# may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
-# without specific prior written permission.
-#
-# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
-# ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
-# IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
-# ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
-# FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
-# DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
-# OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
-# HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
-# LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
-# OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
-# SUCH DAMAGE.
-#
-# @(#)tocrc 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/29/93
-#
-tmp=/tmp/toc$$
-trap "rm $tmp ; exit" 2 3 15
-: tocx files for all sections and everything else
-
-if [ ! -f tocx8 ]; then
- for x in 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8; do
- /usr/libexec/getNAME -t `cat man$x` |
- sed \
- -e 's/.s-2//g' \
- -e 's/.s-1//g' \
- -e 's/.s0//g' \
- -e 's/.s+1//g' \
- -e 's/ *.- */: /' \
- -e 's/ *$/./' \
- -e 's/.TH.* //' \
- > tocx$x
- done
-fi
-: permuted index and toc files
-
-cat tocx* cshcmd > /tmp/cattoc
-
-ptx -G -r -t -b break -f -w 108 -i ignore /tmp/cattoc ptxx
-
-for x in 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8; do
- grep '^intro' <tocx$x >$tmp
- sed \
- -e '2,${' \
- -e '/^intro/d' \
- -e '}' \
- -e 's/ .*://' \
- -e 's/.$//' \
- -e 's/([^)]*) /" "/' \
- -e 's/.*/.xx "&"/' \
- -e '/""/d' \
- $tmp tocx$x \
- >toc$x
-done
-exit
diff --git a/share/man/man0/xrs.pl b/share/man/man0/xrs.pl
deleted file mode 100755
index feb6b5f..0000000
--- a/share/man/man0/xrs.pl
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,84 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/perl
-# Copyright (c) 1996 Wolfram Schneider <wosch@FreeBSD.org>. Berlin.
-# All rights reserved.
-#
-# xrs - detect unsorted cross references in section SEE ALSO
-#
-# Cross references in the SEE ALSO section should
-# be sorted by section number, and then placed in alphabetical
-# order and comma separated. For example:
-#
-# ls(1), ps(1), group(5), passwd(5).
-#
-# The last entry may be finished with a dot `.'
-#
-# or a source example:.
-# .Sh SEE ALSO
-# .Xr foo 1 ,
-# .Xr bla 2 ,
-# .Xr foobar 8
-# .Sh HISTORY
-#
-# usage: xrs manpages ...
-#
-# $FreeBSD$
-
-sub mysort {
-
- local(@c) = split($",$a);
- local(@d) = split($",$b);
-
- local($ret) = ($c[2] <=> $d[2]);
-
- return $ret if $ret;
- return $c[1] cmp $d[1];
-}
-
-sub usage { die "usage: xrs manpages ...\n"; }
-
-sub compare {
- local(*a, *b) = @_;
-
- return 1 if ($#a != $#b);
-
- for($i = 0; $i <= $#a; $i++) {
- return 1 if
- $a[$i] ne $b[$i];
- }
-
- for ($i = 0; $i < $#a; $i++) {
- return 1 if $a[$i] !~ /\s,\s*$/;
- }
-
- return 1 if $a[$#a] =~ /\s,\s*$/;
- return 1 if $a[$#a] =~ /^.Xr\s+\S+\s+\S+\s+[^.\s]/;
- return 0;
-}
-
-&usage if $#ARGV >= 0 && $ARGV[0] =~ /^-\?|h/;
-
-while(<>) {
- if (/^\.Sh\s/ && /"?SEE\s+ALSO"?/) {
- $file = $ARGV;
- @a = ();
- while(<>) {
- last if $file ne $ARGV;
-
- next if /^\.\\"\s/; # " ignore comments
- # next if m%^/[^/]+/%; # ignore absolute path names
- if (!/^\.(Xr|Fn)\s/) {
- if (!/^\.(Sh|Rs|\\"|Pp|br)\s*/ && !/^\s*$/) {
- warn "Oops: $ARGV $_";
- }
- last;
- }
- tr/A-Z/a-z/;
- push(@a, $_);
- }
- @b = sort mysort @a;
- if (&compare(*a,*b)) {
- print "$file\n";
- }
- }
- last if eof();
-}
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