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authorwollman <wollman@FreeBSD.org>1999-01-21 21:31:40 +0000
committerwollman <wollman@FreeBSD.org>1999-01-21 21:31:40 +0000
commitda04da706740eebf6b5fb0d3cbf78dbb857cdad4 (patch)
tree6532df1bf43c5ea524c9ccfa1101e05b9b1a0b2f /share/zoneinfo
parent1d53c0aa7cae24c699b13969c4b8857c268bc6fe (diff)
downloadFreeBSD-src-da04da706740eebf6b5fb0d3cbf78dbb857cdad4.zip
FreeBSD-src-da04da706740eebf6b5fb0d3cbf78dbb857cdad4.tar.gz
1999a revision of timezone data from Arthur Olson and friends.
Obtained from: ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/tzdata1999a.tar.gz
Diffstat (limited to 'share/zoneinfo')
-rw-r--r--share/zoneinfo/africa552
-rw-r--r--share/zoneinfo/antarctica243
-rw-r--r--share/zoneinfo/asia949
-rw-r--r--share/zoneinfo/australasia667
-rw-r--r--share/zoneinfo/backward26
-rw-r--r--share/zoneinfo/etcetera31
-rw-r--r--share/zoneinfo/europe2980
-rw-r--r--share/zoneinfo/factory2
-rw-r--r--share/zoneinfo/iso3166.tab16
-rw-r--r--share/zoneinfo/leapseconds7
-rw-r--r--share/zoneinfo/northamerica950
-rw-r--r--share/zoneinfo/pacificnew12
-rw-r--r--share/zoneinfo/solar8712
-rw-r--r--share/zoneinfo/solar8812
-rw-r--r--share/zoneinfo/solar8912
-rw-r--r--share/zoneinfo/southamerica703
-rwxr-xr-xshare/zoneinfo/yearistype.sh34
-rw-r--r--share/zoneinfo/zone.tab61
18 files changed, 4569 insertions, 2700 deletions
diff --git a/share/zoneinfo/africa b/share/zoneinfo/africa
index c3f74b1..b84d6dc 100644
--- a/share/zoneinfo/africa
+++ b/share/zoneinfo/africa
@@ -1,144 +1,139 @@
-# @(#)africa 7.5
+# @(#)africa 7.25
# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993):
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1997-10-05):
#
# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
-# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (3rd edition),
-# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991).
-# Except where otherwise noted, it is the source for the data below.
+# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (4th edition),
+# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1995).
+#
+# Gwillim Law <LAW@encmail.encompass.com> writes that a good source
+# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
+# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
+# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
+# of the IATA's data after 1990.
+#
+# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1990,
+# and IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
#
# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
# I found in the UCLA library.
#
-# I added so many Zone names that the old, mostly flat name space was unwieldy.
-# So I renamed the Zones to have the form AREA/LOCATION, where
-# AREA is the name of a continent or ocean, and
-# LOCATION is the name of a specific location within that region.
-# For example, the old zone name `Egypt' is now `Africa/Cairo'.
+# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
+# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and the discovery of the longitude,
+# Oxford University Press (1980).
+#
+# Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT
+# for +0:00 through +3:00, respectively,
+# but Mark R V Murray <markm@iafrica.com> reports that
+# `SAST' is the official abbreviation for +2:00 in the country of South Africa,
+# `CAT' is commonly used for +2:00 in countries north of South Africa, and
+# `WAT' is probably the best name for +1:00, as the common phrase for
+# the area that includes Nigeria is ``West Africa''.
+# He has heard of ``Western Sahara Time'' for +0:00 but can find no reference.
#
-# Here are the general rules I used for choosing location names,
-# in decreasing order of importance:
+# To make things confusing, `WAT' seems to have been used for -1:00 long ago;
+# I'd guess that this was because people needed _some_ name for -1:00,
+# and at the time, far west Africa was the only major land area in -1:00.
+# This usage is now obsolete, as the last use of -1:00 on the African
+# mainland seems to have been 1976 in Western Sahara.
#
-# Use only valid Posix file names. Use only Ascii letters, digits, `.',
-# `-' and `_'. Do not exceed 14 characters or start with `-'.
-# E.g. prefer `Brunei' to `Bandar_Seri_Begawan'.
-# Include at least one location per time zone rule set per country.
-# One such location is enough.
-# If a name is ambiguous, use a less ambiguous alternative;
-# e.g. many cities are named San Jose and Georgetown, so
-# prefer `Costa_Rica' to `San_Jose' and `Guyana' to `Georgetown'.
-# Keep locations compact. Use cities or small islands, not countries
-# or regions, so that any future time zone changes do not split
-# locations into different time zones. E.g. prefer `Paris'
-# to `France', since France has had multiple time zones.
-# Use traditional English spelling, e.g. prefer `Rome' to `Roma', and
-# prefer `Athens' to the true name (which uses Greek letters).
-# The Posix file name restrictions encourage this rule.
-# Use the most populous among locations in a country's time zone,
-# e.g. prefer `Shanghai' to `Beijing'. Among locations with
-# similar populations, pick the best-known location,
-# e.g. prefer `Rome' to `Milan'.
-# Use the singular form, e.g. prefer `Canary' to `Canaries'.
-# Omit common suffixes like `_Islands' and `_City', unless that
-# would lead to ambiguity. E.g. prefer `Cayman' to
-# `Cayman_Islands' and `Guatemala' to `Guatemala_City',
-# but prefer `Mexico_City' to `Mexico' because the country
-# of Mexico has several time zones.
-# Use `_' to represent a space.
-# Omit `.' from abbreviations in names, e.g. prefer `St_Helena'
-# to `St._Helena'.
+# To summarize, the following abbreviations seem to have some currency:
+# -1:00 WAT West Africa Time (no longer used)
+# 0:00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time
+# 2:00 CAT Central Africa Time
+# 2:00 SAST South Africa Standard Time
+# and Murray suggests the following abbreviation:
+# 1:00 WAT West Africa Time
+# I realize that this leads to `WAT' being used for both -1:00 and 1:00
+# for times before 1976, but this is the best I can think of
+# until we get more information.
#
-# I made up the following time zone abbreviations; corrections are welcome!
-# LMT Local Mean Time
-# -2:00 CVT Cape Verde Time (no longer used)
-# -1:00 AAT Atlantic Africa Time
-# 0:00 WAT West Africa Time
-# 1:00 CAT Central Africa Time
-# 2:00 SAT South Africa Time
+# I invented the following abbreviations; corrections are welcome!
+# 2:00 WAST West Africa Summer Time
+# 2:30 BEAT British East Africa Time (no longer used)
+# 2:45 BEAUT British East Africa Unified Time (no longer used)
+# 3:00 CAST Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
+# 3:00 SAST South Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
# 3:00 EAT East Africa Time
-# 4:00 SMT Seychelles and Mascarene Time
-# The final `T' is replaced by `ST' for summer time, e.g. `SAST'.
-# BEAT is British East Africa Time, which was 2:30 before 1948 and 2:45 after.
-
+# 4:00 EAST East Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
# Algeria
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Algeria 1911 only - Jan 1 0:00s 0 -
-Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun<=7 23:00s 0 -
-Rule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 -
-Rule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 -
-Rule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 -
-Rule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon<=7 2:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon<=7 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Algeria 1944 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 -
Rule Algeria 1945 only - Sep 16 1:00 0 -
-Rule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Algeria 1971 only - Sep 26 23:00s 0 -
-Rule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Algeria 1977 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 -
-Rule Algeria 1978 only - Mar 24 1:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Algeria 1978 only - Mar 24 1:00 1:00 S
Rule Algeria 1978 only - Sep 22 3:00 0 -
-Rule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 -
-# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Whitman's more precise 0:09:05.
+# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's more precise 0:09:21.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01
- 0:09:05 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
- 0:00 Algeria WET%s 1940 Feb 25 2:00
- 1:00 Algeria MET%s 1946 Oct 7
+ 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
+ 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1940 Feb 25 2:00
+ 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1946 Oct 7
0:00 - WET 1956 Jan 29
- 1:00 - MET 1963 Apr 14
- 0:00 Algeria WET%s 1977 Oct 21
- 1:00 Algeria MET%s 1979 Oct 26
- 0:00 Algeria WET%s 1981 May
- 1:00 - MET
+ 1:00 - CET 1963 Apr 14
+ 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1977 Oct 21
+ 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1979 Oct 26
+ 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1981 May
+ 1:00 - CET
# Angola
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Luanda 0:52:56 - LMT 1892
- 0:52 - LMT 1911 May 26 # Luanda Mean Time
- 1:00 - CAT
+ 0:52:04 - LMT 1911 May 26 # Luanda Mean Time?
+ 1:00 - WAT
# Benin
# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1946, not 1934; go with Shanks.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Porto-Novo 0:10:28 - LMT 1912
- 0:00 - WAT 1934 Feb 26
- 1:00 - CAT
+ 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26
+ 1:00 - WAT
# Botswana
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Gaborone 1:43:40 - LMT 1885
- 2:00 - SAT 1943 Sep 19 2:00
- 2:00 1:00 SAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00
- 2:00 - SAT
+ 2:00 - CAT 1943 Sep 19 2:00
+ 2:00 1:00 CAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00
+ 2:00 - CAT
# Burkina Faso
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Ouagadougou -0:06:04 - LMT 1912
- 0:00 - WAT
+ 0:00 - GMT
# Burundi
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Bujumbura 1:57:28 - LMT 1890
- 2:00 - SAT
+ 2:00 - CAT
# Cameroon
# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1920; go with Shanks.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Douala 0:38:48 - LMT 1912
- 1:00 - CAT
+ 1:00 - WAT
# Cape Verde
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
@@ -146,34 +141,41 @@ Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1907 # Praia
-2:00 - CVT 1942 Sep
-2:00 1:00 CVST 1945 Oct 15
-2:00 - CVT 1975 Nov 25 2:00
- -1:00 - AAT
+ -1:00 - CVT
# Central African Republic
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Bangui 1:14:20 - LMT 1912
- 1:00 - CAT
+ 1:00 - WAT
# Chad
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912
- 1:00 - CAT 1979 Oct 14
- 1:00 1:00 CAST 1980 Mar 8
- 1:00 - CAT
+ 1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14
+ 1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8
+ 1:00 - WAT
# Comoros
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Indian/Comoro 2:53:04 - LMT 1911 Jul # Moroni, Gran Comoro
3:00 - EAT
-# Congo
+# Democratic Republic of Congo
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Africa/Kinshasa 1:01:12 - LMT 1897 Nov 9
+ 1:00 - WAT
+Zone Africa/Lubumbashi 1:49:52 - LMT 1897 Nov 9
+ 2:00 - CAT
+
+# Republic of the Congo
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Brazzaville 1:01:08 - LMT 1912
- 1:00 - CAT
+ 1:00 - WAT
# Cote D'Ivoire
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912
- 0:00 - WAT
+ 0:00 - GMT
# Djibouti
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
@@ -184,83 +186,75 @@ Zone Africa/Djibouti 2:52:36 - LMT 1911 Jul
# Egypt
-# From Bob Devine (January 28, 1988):
-# Egypt: DST from first day of May to first of October (ending may
-# also be on Sept 30th not 31st -- you might want to ask one of the
-# soc.* groups, you might hit someone who could ask an embassy).
-# DST since 1960 except for 1981-82.
-
-# From U. S. Naval Observatory (January 19, 1989):
-# EGYPT 2 H AHEAD OF UTC
-# EGYPT 3 H AHEAD OF UTC MAY 17 - SEP 30 (AFTER
-# EGYPT RAMADAN)
-
-# From Shanks (1991):
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Egypt 1900 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Egypt 1941 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
-Rule Egypt 1942 1944 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Egypt 1942 1944 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Egypt 1942 only - Oct 27 0:00 0 -
Rule Egypt 1943 1945 - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Egypt 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Egypt 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Egypt 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
Rule Egypt 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
-Rule Egypt 1966 max - Oct 1 3:00 0 -
-Rule Egypt 1982 only - Jul 25 1:00 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Egypt 1990 max - May 1 1:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Egypt 1966 1994 - Oct 1 3:00 0 -
+Rule Egypt 1982 only - Jul 25 1:00 1:00 S
+Rule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 S
+Rule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
+Rule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 S
+Rule Egypt 1990 1994 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
+# IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00.
+# Go with IATA starting in 1995.
+Rule Egypt 1995 max - Apr Fri>=22 0:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Egypt 1995 max - Sep lastFri 23:00s 0 -
+
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:00 - LMT 1900 Oct
- 2:00 Egypt EET%s
+ 2:00 Egypt EE%sT
# Equatorial Guinea
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Malabo 0:35:08 - LMT 1912
- 0:00 - WAT 1963 Dec 15
- 1:00 - CAT
+ 0:00 - GMT 1963 Dec 15
+ 1:00 - WAT
# Eritrea
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Asmera 2:35:32 - LMT 1870
- 2:36 - AMT 1890 # Asmera Mean Time
- 2:35 - AAMT 1936 May 5 # Addis Ababa MT
+ 2:35:32 - AMT 1890 # Asmera Mean Time
+ 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT
3:00 - EAT
# Ethiopia
+# From Paul Eggert (1997-10-05):
+# Shanks writes that Ethiopia had six narrowly-spaced time zones between
+# 1870 and 1890, and that they merged to 38E50 (2:35:20) in 1890.
+# We'll guess that 38E50 is for Adis Dera.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Addis_Ababa 2:34:48 - LMT 1870
- 2:35 - AAMT 1936 May 5 # Addis Ababa MT
+ 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT
3:00 - EAT
# Gabon
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Libreville 0:37:48 - LMT 1912
- 1:00 - CAT
+ 1:00 - WAT
# Gambia
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Banjul -1:06:36 - LMT 1912
- -1:07 - BMT 1935 # Banjul Mean Time
- -1:00 - AAT 1964
- 0:00 - WAT
+ -1:06:36 - BMT 1935 # Banjul Mean Time
+ -1:00 - WAT 1964
+ 0:00 - GMT
# Ghana
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993):
-# WATDT is my invention for ``West Africa one-Third Daylight Time''.
-# From Shanks (1991):
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Ghana 1918 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 WAT
# Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to ``the present''; go with Shanks.
-Rule Ghana 1936 1942 - Sep 1 0:00 0:20 WATDT
-Rule Ghana 1936 1942 - Dec 31 0:00 0 WAT
+Rule Ghana 1936 1942 - Sep 1 0:00 0:20 GHST
+Rule Ghana 1936 1942 - Dec 31 0:00 0 GMT
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1918
0:00 Ghana %s
@@ -268,86 +262,78 @@ Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1918
# Guinea
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Conakry -0:54:52 - LMT 1912
- 0:00 - WAT 1934 Feb 26
- 1:00 - CAT 1960
- 0:00 - WAT
+ 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26
+ -1:00 - WAT 1960
+ 0:00 - GMT
# Guinea-Bissau
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1911 May 26
- 1:00 - CAT 1975
- 0:00 - WAT
+ -1:00 - WAT 1975
+ 0:00 - GMT
# Kenya
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993):
-# Shanks says the transition to 2:45 was in 1940, but it must have been 1948.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1928 Jul
3:00 - EAT 1930
- 2:30 - BEAT 1948
- 2:45 - BEAT 1960
+ 2:30 - BEAT 1940
+ 2:45 - BEAUT 1960
3:00 - EAT
# Lesotho
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Maseru 1:50:00 - LMT 1903 Mar
- 2:00 - SAT 1943 Sep 19 2:00
+ 2:00 - SAST 1943 Sep 19 2:00
2:00 1:00 SAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00
- 2:00 - SAT
+ 2:00 - SAST
# Liberia
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993):
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1993-11-18):
# In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch
-# from a GMT offset that was not a multiple of 15 minutes.
-# Time magazine reported that it was in honor of their leader's birthday.
-# For Liberia before 1972, Shanks reports -0:44, and Whitman reports -0:44:30;
-# go with Whitman.
+# from a UTC offset that was not a multiple of 15 minutes.
+# Howse reports that it was in honor of their president's birthday.
+# Shanks reports the date as May 1, whereas Howse reports Jan; go with Shanks.
+# For Liberia before 1972, Shanks reports -0:44, whereas Howse and Whitman
+# each report -0:44:30; go with the more precise figure.
#
-# From Shanks (1991), as corrected by Whitman:
+# From Shanks, as corrected by Whitman:
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882
-0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time
- -0:44:30 - LST 1972 May # Liberia Standard Time
- 0:00 - WAT
+ -0:44:30 - LRT 1972 May # Liberia Time
+ 0:00 - GMT
###############################################################################
# Libya
-# From Bob Devine (January 28 1988):
-# Libya: Since 1982 April 1st to September 30th (?)
-
-# From U. S. Naval Observatory (January 19, 1989):
-# LIBYAN ARAB 1 H AHEAD OF UTC JAMAHIRIYA/LIBYA
-# LIBYAN ARAB 2 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 1 - SEP 30 JAMAHIRIYA/LIBYA
-
-# From Shanks (1991):
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Libya 1920 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Libya 1952 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Libya 1953 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Libya 1953 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Libya 1954 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Libya 1955 only - Sep 30 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Libya 1955 only - Sep 30 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Libya 1956 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Libya 1982 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Libya 1982 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Libya 1982 1985 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Libya 1985 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Libya 1986 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Libya 1985 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Libya 1986 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Libya 1986 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
-Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Libya 1987 1990 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Libya 1990 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 " DST"
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993):
-# Here's a guess for years starting with 1991.
-Rule Libya 1991 max - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Libya 1991 max - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
-
+Rule Libya 1990 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Libya 1996 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Libya 1996 only - Sep 30 2:00s 0 -
+Rule Libya 1997 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Libya 1997 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920
- 1:00 Libya MET%s 1959
+ 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959
2:00 - EET 1982
- 1:00 Libya MET%s
+ 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1991
+ 2:00 - EET 1996 Mar 30 3:00
+ 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1997 Oct 4 0:00
+ 2:00 - EET
# Madagascar
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
@@ -359,241 +345,261 @@ Zone Indian/Antananarivo 3:10:04 - LMT 1911 Jul
# Malawi
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Blantyre 2:20:00 - LMT 1903 Mar
- 2:00 - SAT
+ 2:00 - CAT
# Mali
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Bamako -0:32:00 - LMT 1912
- 0:00 - WAT 1934 Feb 26
- -1:00 - AAT 1960 Jun 20
- 0:00 - WAT
+ 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26
+ -1:00 - WAT 1960 Jun 20
+ 0:00 - GMT
# no longer different from Bamako, but too famous to omit
Zone Africa/Timbuktu -0:12:04 - LMT 1912
- 0:00 - WAT
+ 0:00 - GMT
# Mauritania
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Nouakchott -1:03:48 - LMT 1912
- 0:00 - WAT 1934 Feb 26
- -1:00 - AAT 1960 Jun 20
- 0:00 - WAT
+ 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26
+ -1:00 - WAT 1960 Nov 28
+ 0:00 - GMT
# Mauritius
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis
- 4:00 - SMT
+ 4:00 - MUT # Mauritius Time
# Agalega Is, Rodriguez
# no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius
# Mayotte
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Indian/Mayotte 3:01:08 - LMT 1911 Jul # Dzaoudzi
+Zone Indian/Mayotte 3:00:56 - LMT 1911 Jul # Mamoutzou
3:00 - EAT
# Morocco
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Morocco 1913 only - Oct 26 0:00 0 -
-Rule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+# See the `europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta).
+# RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Morocco 1939 only - Nov 19 0:00 0 -
-Rule Morocco 1940 only - Feb 25 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Morocco 1940 only - Feb 25 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Morocco 1945 only - Nov 18 0:00 0 -
-Rule Morocco 1950 only - Jun 11 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Morocco 1950 only - Jun 11 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Morocco 1950 only - Oct 29 0:00 0 -
-Rule Morocco 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Morocco 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S
Rule Morocco 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Morocco 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Morocco 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Morocco 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Morocco 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Morocco 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Morocco 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Morocco 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
-Rule Morocco 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Morocco 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Morocco 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 Oct 26
- 0:00 Morocco WET%s 1984 Mar 16
- 1:00 - MET 1986
+ 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 1984 Mar 16
+ 1:00 - CET 1986
+ 0:00 - WET
+# Western Sahara
+Zone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan
+ -1:00 - WAT 1976 Apr 14
0:00 - WET
-# The following are controlled by Spain, and are like Europe/Madrid:
-# Alboran, Alhucemas Is, Ceuta, Chafarinas Is, Mellila.
# Mozambique
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Mar
- 2:00 - SAT
+ 2:00 - CAT
# Namibia
+# Shanks says DST transitions are at 0:00; go with IATA.
+# The 1994-04-03 transition is from Shanks.
+# RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Namibia 1994 max - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Namibia 1995 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8
1:30 - SWAT 1903 Mar # SW Africa Time
- 2:00 - SAT 1942 Sep 20 2:00
+ 2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00
2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00
- 2:00 - SAT
+ 2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence
+ 2:00 - CAT 1994 Apr 3
+ 1:00 Namibia WA%sT
# Niger
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Africa/Niamey 0:08:28 - LMT 1912
- 1:00 - CAT 1934 Feb 26
- 0:00 - WAT 1960
- 1:00 - CAT
+Zone Africa/Niamey 0:08:28 - LMT 1912
+ -1:00 - WAT 1934 Feb 26
+ 0:00 - GMT 1960
+ 1:00 - WAT
# Nigeria
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Lagos 0:13:36 - LMT 1919 Sep
- 1:00 - CAT
+ 1:00 - WAT
# Reunion
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # St Denis
- 4:00 - SMT
+Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis
+ 4:00 - RET # Reunion Time
+#
+# Scattered Islands (Iles Eparses) administered from Reunion are as follows.
+# The following information about them is taken from
+# <a href="http://www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm">
+# Iles Eparses
+# </a>
+# (1997-07-22, in French). We have no info about their time zone histories.
+#
+# Bassas da India - uninhabited
+# Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families
+# Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958
+# Juan de Nova - uninhabited
+# Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958
# Rwanda
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Kigali 2:00:16 - LMT 1935 Jun
- 2:00 - SAT
+ 2:00 - CAT
# St Helena
+# From Paul Eggert (1997-10-05):
+# Shanks says St Helena was 1W26 (-0:05:44) from 1890 to 1951,
+# but this is most likely a typo for 5W42, the longitude of Jamestown.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Atlantic/St_Helena -0:22:48 - LMT 1890 # Jamestown
- -0:06 - ?MT 1951 # a typo in Shanks?
+ -0:22:48 - JMT 1951 # Jamestown Mean Time
0:00 - GMT
-# Whitman says Tristan da Cunha is on GMT, like Atlantic/St_Helena.
-#
-# Ascension, Gough, Inaccessible, Nightingale
-# no information; probably like Atlantic/St_Helena
+# The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar:
+# Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA
+# Ascension: on GMT, says usno1995 and the CIA
+# Gough (scientific station since 1955): on GMT, says the CIA
+# Inaccessible, Nightingale: no information, but probably GMT
# Sao Tome and Principe
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Sao_Tome 0:26:56 - LMT 1884
- -0:37 - ?MT 1912 # a typo in Shanks?
- 0:00 - WAT
+ -0:36:32 - LMT 1912 # Lisbon Mean Time
+ 0:00 - GMT
# Senegal
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Dakar -1:09:44 - LMT 1912
- -1:00 - AAT 1941 Jun
- 0:00 - WAT
+ -1:00 - WAT 1941 Jun
+ 0:00 - GMT
# Seychelles
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1906 Jun # Victoria
- 4:00 - SMT
+ 4:00 - SCT # Seychelles Time
# Sierra Leone
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule SL 1913 only - Oct 26 0:00 0 -
# Whitman gives Mar 31 - Aug 31 for 1931 on; go with Shanks.
-Rule SL 1935 1942 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule SL 1935 1942 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule SL 1957 1962 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule SL 1957 1962 - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule SL 1935 1942 - Jun 1 0:00 0:40 SLST
+Rule SL 1935 1942 - Oct 1 0:00 0 WAT
+Rule SL 1957 1962 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 SLST
+Rule SL 1957 1962 - Sep 1 0:00 0 GMT
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Freetown -0:53:00 - LMT 1882
- -0:53 - FMT 1913 Jun
- -1:00 SL AA%sT 1957
- 0:00 SL WA%sT
+ -0:53:00 - FMT 1913 Jun # Freetown Mean Time
+ -1:00 SL %s 1957
+ 0:00 SL %s
# Somalia
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993):
-# Shanks omits the 1948 transition to 2:45; this is probably a typo.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Mogadishu 3:01:28 - LMT 1893 Nov
3:00 - EAT 1931
- 2:30 - BEAT 1948
- 2:45 - BEAT 1957 # not in Shanks
+ 2:30 - BEAT 1957
3:00 - EAT
# South Africa
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule SA 1892 only - Feb 8 0:00 0 -
-Rule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 -
Rule SA 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8
- 1:30 - SAT 1903 Mar
- 2:00 SA SA%sT
-# Prince Edward Is
+ 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar
+ 2:00 SA SAST
+# Shanks erroneously claims that most of South Africa switched to 1:00
+# on 1994-04-03 at 00:00.
+#
+# Marion and Prince Edward Is
+# weather station since 1947
# no information
# Sudan
+# From Michael Ross <mross@antigone.com> (1995-11-15):
+# Sudan no longer observes any form of daylight time change.
+# I verified this today by telephone with the Sudan Mission to the
+# United Nations: 212-573-6033
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Sudan 1931 only - Feb 8 0:00 0 -
-Rule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Sudan 1970 max - Oct 15 0:00 0 -
-Rule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Sudan 1972 max - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 -
+Rule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931
- 2:00 Sudan EET%s
+ 2:00 Sudan CA%sT
# Swaziland
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Mbabane 2:04:24 - LMT 1903 Mar
- 2:00 - SAT
+ 2:00 - SAST
# Tanzania
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 - LMT 1931
3:00 - EAT 1948
- 2:45 - BEAT 1961
+ 2:45 - BEAUT 1961
3:00 - EAT
# Togo
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Lome 0:04:52 - LMT 1893
- 0:00 - WAT
+ 0:00 - GMT
# Tunisia
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Tunisia 1911 only - Mar 9 0:00 0 -
-Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 -
-Rule Tunisia 1940 only - Feb 25 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Tunisia 1940 only - Feb 25 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Tunisia 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 -
-Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 -
-Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 17 2:00 0 -
-Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 25 2:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 25 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
-Rule Tunisia 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Tunisia 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Tunisia 1944 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
Rule Tunisia 1945 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
-Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Apr 30 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Apr 30 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Sep 24 0:00s 0 -
-Rule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Tunisia 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
-Rule Tunisia 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Tunisia 1988 max - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
-Rule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Tunisia 1991 max - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
-# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Whitman's more precise 0:09:05.
+Rule Tunisia 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Tunisia 1988 1990 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
+Rule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S
+# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's more precise 0:09:21.
+# Shanks says the 1911 switch occurred on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12
- 0:09:05 - PMT 1911 Mar 9 # Paris Mean Time
- 1:00 Tunisia MET%s
+ 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
+ 1:00 Tunisia CE%sT
# Uganda
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Kampala 2:09:40 - LMT 1928 Jul
3:00 - EAT 1930
2:30 - BEAT 1948
- 2:45 - BEAT 1957
+ 2:45 - BEAUT 1957
3:00 - EAT
-# Zaire
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Africa/Kinshasa 1:01:12 - LMT 1897 Nov 9
- 1:00 - CAT
-Zone Africa/Lumumbashi 1:49:52 - LMT 1897 Nov 9
- 2:00 - SAT
-
# Zambia
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Lusaka 1:53:08 - LMT 1903 Mar
- 2:00 - SAT
+ 2:00 - CAT
# Zimbabwe
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Harare 2:04:12 - LMT 1903 Mar
- 2:00 - SAT
+ 2:00 - CAT
diff --git a/share/zoneinfo/antarctica b/share/zoneinfo/antarctica
index f5ed313..f5422b2 100644
--- a/share/zoneinfo/antarctica
+++ b/share/zoneinfo/antarctica
@@ -1,19 +1,232 @@
-# @(#)antarctica 7.2
+# @(#)antarctica 7.14
-# From Arthur David Olson (February 13, 1988):
-# No data available.
+# From Paul Eggert (1997-03-28):
+# To keep things manageable, we list only locations occupied year-round;
+# see
+# <a href="http://earth.agu.org/amen/nations.html">
+# Antarctic Activities of Member Nations of the Antarctic Treaty (1996-05-24)
+# </a>
+# and
+# <a href="http://www.spri.cam.ac.uk/bob/periant.htm">
+# Summary of the Peri-Antarctic Islands (1996-09-05)
+# </a>
+# for information.
+# Unless otherwise specified, we have no time zone information.
+#
+# Except for the French entries,
+# I made up all time zone abbreviations mentioned here; corrections welcome!
+# FORMAT is `___' and GMTOFF is 0 for locations while uninhabited.
-# Balleny Is
+# These rules are stolen from the `southamerica' file.
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule ArgAQ 1964 1966 - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule ArgAQ 1964 1966 - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule ArgAQ 1967 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule ArgAQ 1967 1968 - Oct Sun<=7 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule ArgAQ 1968 1969 - Apr Sun<=7 0:00 0 -
+Rule ArgAQ 1974 only - Jan 23 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule ArgAQ 1974 only - May 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule ArgAQ 1974 1976 - Oct Sun<=7 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule ArgAQ 1975 1977 - Apr Sun<=7 0:00 0 -
+Rule ChileAQ 1969 max - Oct Sun>=9 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule ChileAQ 1970 max - Mar Sun>=9 0:00 0 -
-# British Antarctic Territories include
-# South Orkney Is
-# South Shetland Is
-# Amsterdam Island
-# Bouvet
-# Crozet Is
-# Heard and McDonald Is
-# Kerguelen Is
-# St Paul Island
-# Peter I Island
-# Scott Island
+# Argentina - 6 year-round bases
+# General Belgrano II
+# 5 others
+
+# Australia - territories
+# Heard Island, McDonald Islands (uninhabited)
+#
+# year-round bases
+# Casey, Bailey Peninsula, since 1969
+# Davis, Vestfold Hills, since 1957-01-13 (except 1964-11 - 1969-02)
+# Mawson, Holme Bay, since 1954-02-13
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Antarctica/Casey 0 - ___ 1969
+ 8:00 - WST # Western (Aus) Standard Time
+Zone Antarctica/Davis 0 - ___ 1957 Jan 13
+ 7:00 - DAVT 1964 Nov # Davis Time
+ 0 - ___ 1969 Feb
+ 7:00 - DAVT
+Zone Antarctica/Mawson 0 - ___ 1954 Feb 13
+ 6:00 - MAWT # Mawson Time
+# References:
+# <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/casey/casey_aws.html">
+# Casey Weather (1998-02-26)
+# </a>
+# <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/davis/video.html">
+# Davis Station, Antarctica (1998-02-26)
+# </a>
+# <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/mawson/video.html">
+# Mawson Station, Antarctica (1998-02-25)
+# </a>
+
+# Brazil - year-round base
+# Ferraz, King George Island, since 1983/4
+
+# Chile - 4 year-round bases
+
+# China - year-round bases
+# Great Wall, King George Island, since 1985-02-20
+# Zhongshan, Larsemann Hills, Prydz Bay, since 1989-02-26
+
+# Finland - year-round base
+# Aboa, Queen Maud Land, since 1988
+
+# France - year-round bases
+#
+# From Antoine Leca <Antoine.Leca@Renault.FR> (1997-01-20):
+# Time data are from Nicole Pailleau at the IFRTP
+# (French Institute for Polar Research and Technology).
+# She confirms that French Southern Territories and Terre Adelie bases
+# don't observe daylight saving time, even if Terre Adelie supplies came
+# from Tasmania.
+#
+# French Southern Territories with year-round inhabitants
+#
+# Martin-de-Vivies Base, Amsterdam Island, -374105+0773155, since 1950
+# Alfred-Faure Base, Crozet Islands, -462551+0515152, since 1964
+# Port-aux-Francais, Kerguelen Islands, -492110+0701303, since 1951;
+# a whaling and sealing station operated 1908-14, 1920-29, and 1951-56
+#
+# St Paul Island - near Amsterdam, uninhabited since 1931
+#
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Indian/Kerguelen 0 - ___ 1950 # Port-aux-Francais
+ 5:00 - TFT # ISO code TF Time
+#
+# year-round base in the main continent
+# Dumont-d'Urville, Terre Adelie (Adelie Land), -6640+14001, since 1956-11
+#
+# Another base at Port-Martin, 50km east, began operation in 1947.
+# It was destroyed by fire on 1952-01-14.
+#
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 - ___ 1947
+ 10:00 - PMT 1952 Jan 14 # Port-Martin Time
+ 0 - ___ 1956 Nov
+ 10:00 - DDUT # Dumont-d'Urville Time
+# Reference:
+# <a href="http://www.icair.iac.org.nz/science/reports/fr/IFRTP.html">
+# Support and Development of Polar Research and Technology (1997-02-03)
+# </a>
+
+
+# Germany - year-round base
+# Georg von Neumayer
+
+# India - year-round base
+# Dakshin Gangotri
+
+# Japan - year-round bases
+# Dome Fuji
+# Syowa
+
+# S Korea - year-round base
+# King Sejong, King George Island, since 1988
+
+# New Zealand - claims
+# Balleny Islands (never inhabited)
+# Scott Island (never inhabited)
+#
+# year-round base
+# Scott, Ross Island, since 1957-01, is like Antarctica/McMurdo.
+#
+# These rules for New Zealand are stolen from the `australasia' file.
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule NZAQ 1974 only - Nov 3 2:00s 1:00 D
+Rule NZAQ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
+Rule NZAQ 1989 only - Oct 8 2:00s 1:00 D
+Rule NZAQ 1990 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
+Rule NZAQ 1975 only - Feb 23 2:00s 0 S
+Rule NZAQ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
+Rule NZAQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
+
+# Norway - territories
+# Bouvet (never inhabited)
+#
+# claims
+# Peter I Island (never inhabited)
+
+# Poland - year-round base
+# Arctowski, King George Island, since 1977
+
+# Russia - year-round bases
+# Bellingshausen, King George Island
+# Mirny
+# Molodezhnaya
+# Novolazarevskaya
+# Vostok
+
+# S Africa - year-round bases
+# Marion Island
+# Sanae
+
+# UK
+#
+# British Antarctic Territories (BAT) claims
+# South Orkney Islands
+# scientific station from 1903
+# whaling station at Signy I 1920-1926
+# South Shetland Islands
+# whaling station at Deception I 1912-1931
+# scientific station from 1943
+#
+# year-round bases
+# Halley, Coates Land, -7535-2619, since 1956-01-06
+# Rothera, Adelaide Island, -6734-6808, since 1976-12-01
+
+# Uruguay - year round base
+# Artigas, King George Island
+
+# USA - year-round bases
+#
+# Palmer, Anvers Island, since 1965 (moved 2 miles in 1968)
+#
+# From Ethan Dicks <erd@mcmsun5.mcmurdo.gov> (1996-10-06):
+# It keeps the same time as Punta Arenas, Chile, because, just like us
+# and the South Pole, that's the other end of their supply line....
+# I verified with someone who was there that since 1980,
+# Palmer has followed Chile. Prior to that, before the Falklands War,
+# Palmer used to be supplied from Argentina.
+#
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Antarctica/Palmer 0 - ___ 1965
+ -4:00 ArgAQ AR%sT 1969 Oct 5
+ -3:00 ArgAQ AR%sT 1982 May
+ -4:00 ChileAQ CL%sT
+#
+#
+# McMurdo, Ross Island, since 1956
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Antarctica/McMurdo 0 - ___ 1956
+ 12:00 NZAQ NZ%sT
+#
+# Amundsen-Scott, South Pole, since 1957-01-23
+# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
+# Normally it wouldn't have a separate entry, since it's like the
+# larger Antarctica/McMurdo since 1970, but it's too famous to omit.
+#
+# From Chris Carrier <72157.3334@CompuServe.COM> (1996-06-27):
+# Siple, the first commander of the South Pole station,
+# stated that he would have liked to have kept GMT at the station,
+# but that he found it more convenient to keep GMT+12
+# as supplies for the station were coming from McMurdo Sound,
+# which was on GMT+12 because New Zealand was on GMT+12 all year
+# at that time (1957). (Source: Siple's book 90 degrees SOUTH.)
+#
+# From Susan Smith
+# http://www.cybertours.com/whs/pole10.html
+# (1995-11-13 16:24:56 +1300, no longer available):
+# We use the same time as McMurdo does.
+# And they use the same time as Christchurch, NZ does....
+# One last quirk about South Pole time.
+# All the electric clocks are usually wrong.
+# Something about the generators running at 60.1hertz or something
+# makes all of the clocks run fast. So every couple of days,
+# we have to go around and set them back 5 minutes or so.
+# Maybe if we let them run fast all of the time, we'd get to leave here sooner!!
+#
+Link Antarctica/McMurdo Antarctica/South_Pole
diff --git a/share/zoneinfo/asia b/share/zoneinfo/asia
index 60166c1..9406aca8 100644
--- a/share/zoneinfo/asia
+++ b/share/zoneinfo/asia
@@ -1,16 +1,25 @@
-# @(#)asia 7.11
+# @(#)asia 7.40
# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (August 18, 1994):
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-11-22):
#
# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
-# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (3rd edition),
-# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991).
+# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (4th edition),
+# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1995).
# Except where otherwise noted, it is the source for the data below.
#
+# Gwillim Law <LAW@encmail.encompass.com> writes that a good source
+# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
+# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
+# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
+# of the IATA's data after 1990.
+#
+# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1990,
+# and IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
+#
# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
# I found in the UCLA library.
@@ -24,38 +33,18 @@
# Corrections are welcome!
# std dst
# LMT Local Mean Time
-# LST Local Star Time (Russian ``mestnoe zvezdnoe vremya'')
-# 2:00 EET EET DST Eastern European Time
+# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time
# 2:00 IST IDT Israel
# 3:00 AST ADT Arabia*
-# 3:00 MSK MSD Moscow
-# 3:30 IST IDT Iran
-# 4:00 BSK BSD Baku*
-# 4:00 GST GDT Gulf*
-# 4:30 AFT Afghanistan*
-# 5:00 ASK ASD Ashkhabad*
-# 5:00 PKT Pakistan*
-# 5:30 IST IST India
-# 5:45 NPT Nepal*
-# 6:00 BGT Bengal, Bangladesh*
-# 6:00 TSK TSD Tashkent*
-# 6:30 BMT Burma*
+# 4:00 GST Gulf*
+# 5:30 IST India
# 7:00 ICT Indochina*
-# 7:00 JVT Java*
-# 8:00 BNT Borneo, Brunei*
-# 8:00 CST CDT China
-# 8:00 HKT HKST Hong Kong
-# 8:00 PST PDT Philippines*
-# 8:00 SGT Singapore
-# 8:00 UST UDT Ulan Bator*
+# 8:00 CST China
# 9:00 JST Japan
-# 9:00 KST KDT Korea
-# 9:00 MLT Moluccas*
-# 9:30 CST Australian Central Standard Time
+# 9:00 KST Korea
+# 9:30 CST (Australian) Central Standard Time
#
-# See the `europe' file for Russia in Asia.
-#
-# See the `africa' file for Zone naming conventions.
+# See the `europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia.
# From Guy Harris:
# Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as
@@ -65,32 +54,63 @@
###############################################################################
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (May 28, 1994):
-# We don't know what happened to the clocks in the Caucausus and the ex-Soviet
-# Central Asia after 1990. Until we get more info, stick with the pre-1991 rules.
+# These rules are stolen from the `europe' file.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 K
-Rule Russia 1984 max - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 K
-Rule Russia 1985 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
+Rule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 -
+Rule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
+Rule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
+Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule RussiaAsia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
+Rule RussiaAsia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S
+Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 -
+Rule RussiaAsia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule RussiaAsia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
+Rule RussiaAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
# Afghanistan
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890
- 4:00 - GST 1945
+ 4:00 - AFT 1945
4:30 - AFT
# Armenia
+# From Paul Eggert (1998-??-??):
+# Shanks has Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST) in spring 1991,
+# but usno1995 has Armenia at 4:00 (with DST), and Edgar Der-Danieliantz
+# <edd@AIC.NET> reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST
+# in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995. IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that
+# Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991,
+# but started switching at 3:00s in 1998.
+# What a mess! We guess Yerevan DST stayed in sync with Moscow between 1990
+# and 1995, did not use DST in 1996, and started using DST again in 1997.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2
- 3:00 - MSK 1957 Mar
- 4:00 Russia BS%s
+ 3:00 - YERT 1957 Mar # Yerevan Time
+ 4:00 RussiaAsia YER%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 3:00 1:00 YERST 1991 Sep 23 # independence
+ 3:00 1:00 AMST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s # Armenia Time
+ 3:00 - AMT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+ 4:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 1996
+ 4:00 - AMT 1997
+ 4:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT
# Azerbaijan
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Azer 1997 max - Mar lastSun 1:00 1:00 S
+Rule Azer 1997 max - Oct lastSun 1:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
- 3:00 - MSK 1957 Mar
- 4:00 Russia BS%s
+ 3:00 - BAKT 1957 Mar # Baku Time
+ 4:00 RussiaAsia BAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 3:00 1:00 BAKST 1991 Aug 30 # independence
+ 3:00 RussiaAsia AZ%sT 1992 Sep lastSun 2:00s
+ 4:00 - AZT 1996 # Azerbaijan time
+ 4:00 EUAsia AZ%sT 1997
+ 4:00 Azer AZ%sT
# Bahrain
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
@@ -101,22 +121,23 @@ Zone Asia/Bahrain 3:22:20 - LMT 1920 # Al-Manamah
# Bangladesh
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Dacca 6:01:40 - LMT 1890
- 5:53 - CMT 1941 Oct # Calcutta Mean Time
- 6:30 - BMT 1942 May 15
+ 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
+ 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time
5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
- 6:30 - BMT 1951 Sep 30
- 6:00 - BGT
+ 6:30 - BURT 1951 Sep 30
+ 6:00 - DACT 1971 Mar 26 # Dacca Time
+ 6:00 - BDT # Bangladesh Time
# Bhutan
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Thimbu 5:58:36 - LMT 1947 Aug 15
5:30 - IST 1987 Oct
- 6:00 - BGT
+ 6:00 - BTT # Bhutan Time
# British Indian Ocean Territory
# From Whitman:
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Indian/Chagos 5:00 - PKT
+Zone Indian/Chagos 5:00 - IOT # BIOT Time
# Brunei
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
@@ -124,29 +145,29 @@ Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan
7:30 - BNT 1933
8:00 - BNT
-# Burma
+# Burma / Myanmar
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Rangoon 6:24:40 - LMT 1880
- 6:25 - RMT 1920
- 6:30 - BMT 1942 May
+Zone Asia/Rangoon 6:24:40 - LMT 1880 # or Yangon
+ 6:24:36 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon Mean Time?
+ 6:30 - BURT 1942 May # Burma Time
9:00 - JST 1945 May 3
- 6:30 - BMT
+ 6:30 - MMT # Myanmar Time
# Cambodia
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Phnom_Penh 6:59:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9
- 7:06 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT
+ 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
7:00 - ICT 1912 May
8:00 - ICT 1931 May
7:00 - ICT
-# People's Republic of China
+# China
# From Guy Harris:
# People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone.
-# From Bob Devine (January 28, 1988):
-# No they don't. See TIME mag, February 17, 1986 p.52. Even though
+# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
+# No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though
# China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the
# Peking (Bejing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China
# has two of 'em -- Peking's and Urumqi (named after the capital of
@@ -159,62 +180,47 @@ Zone Asia/Phnom_Penh 6:59:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9
# 1986 May 4 - Sept 14
# 1987 mid-April - ??
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993):
-# According to Shanks, China started using DST in 1986,
-# but it's still all one big happy time zone.
-
-# From U. S. Naval Observatory (January 19, 1989):
+# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
# CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN
# CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993):
-# Shanks writes that China switched from the Chinese calendar on 1912 Feb 12.
-# He also writes that China has had a single time zone since 1980 May 1,
-# and that they instituted DST on 1986 May 4; this contradicts Devine's
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1995-12-19):
+# Shanks writes that China has had a single time zone since 1980 May 1,
+# observing summer DST from 1986 through 1991; this contradicts Devine's
# note about Time magazine, though apparently _something_ happened in 1986.
+# Go with Shanks for now. I made up names for the other pre-1980 time zones.
-# From Shanks (1991):
+# From Shanks (1995):
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Shang 1928 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S
Rule Shang 1940 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Shang 1940 1941 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
Rule Shang 1941 only - Mar 16 0:00 1:00 D
Rule PRC 1949 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S
Rule PRC 1986 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule PRC 1986 max - Sep Sun>=11 0:00 0 S
-Rule PRC 1987 max - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 0:00 0 S
+Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Asia/Harbin 8:26:44 - LMT 1928
+ 8:30 - HART 1932 Mar # Harbin Time
+ 8:00 - CST 1940
+ 9:00 - HART 1966 May
+ 8:30 - HART 1980 May
+ 8:00 PRC C%sT
Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:52 - LMT 1928
8:00 Shang C%sT 1949
8:00 PRC C%sT
-
-###############################################################################
-
-# Republic of China
-
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Taiwan 1896 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Taiwan 1980 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Taiwan 1980 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896
- 8:00 Taiwan C%sT
-
-###############################################################################
+Zone Asia/Chungking 7:06:20 - LMT 1928
+ 7:00 - CHUT 1980 May # Chungking Time
+ 8:00 PRC C%sT
+Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928
+ 6:00 - URUT 1980 May # Urumqi Time
+ 8:00 PRC C%sT
+Zone Asia/Kashgar 5:03:56 - LMT 1928
+ 5:30 - KAST 1940 # Kashgar Time
+ 5:00 - KAST 1980 May
+ 8:00 PRC C%sT
# Hong Kong
-# Presumably Hong Kong will have DST again when it merges with China,
-# but it's too early to predict the details.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule HK 1904 only - Oct 30 0:00 0 -
Rule HK 1946 only - Apr 20 3:30 1:00 S
Rule HK 1946 only - Dec 1 3:30 0 -
Rule HK 1947 only - Apr 13 3:30 1:00 S
@@ -232,62 +238,96 @@ Rule HK 1979 1980 - May Sun>=8 3:30 1:00 S
Rule HK 1979 1980 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:36 - LMT 1904 Oct 30
- 8:00 HK HK%sT
+ 8:00 HK HK%sT 1997 Jul 1 # return to China
+ 8:00 PRC C%sT
+
+
+###############################################################################
+
+# Taiwan
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
+Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
+Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
+Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
+Rule Taiwan 1980 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Taiwan 1980 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896
+ 8:00 Taiwan C%sT
# Macao
-# Presumably Macao will have DST again when it merges with China,
-# but it's too early to predict the details.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Macao 1912 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Macao 1961 1962 - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 D
-Rule Macao 1961 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 S
-Rule Macao 1963 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Macao 1964 only - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 D
-Rule Macao 1965 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Macao 1965 only - Oct 31 0:00 0 S
-Rule Macao 1966 1971 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 D
-Rule Macao 1966 1971 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 S
-Rule Macao 1972 1974 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Macao 1972 1973 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 S
-Rule Macao 1974 1977 - Oct Sun>=15 3:30 0 S
-Rule Macao 1975 1977 - Apr Sun>=15 3:30 1:00 D
-Rule Macao 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Macao 1978 1980 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 S
+Rule Macao 1961 1962 - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
+Rule Macao 1961 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 -
+Rule Macao 1963 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Macao 1964 only - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
+Rule Macao 1965 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Macao 1965 only - Oct 31 0:00 0 -
+Rule Macao 1966 1971 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
+Rule Macao 1966 1971 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
+Rule Macao 1972 1974 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Macao 1972 1973 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
+Rule Macao 1974 1977 - Oct Sun>=15 3:30 0 -
+Rule Macao 1975 1977 - Apr Sun>=15 3:30 1:00 S
+Rule Macao 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Macao 1978 1980 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Macao 7:34:20 - LMT 1912
- 8:00 Macao C%sT
+ 8:00 Macao MO%sT 1999 Dec 20 # return to China
+ 8:00 PRC C%sT
###############################################################################
# Cyprus
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Cyprus 1921 only - Nov 14 0:00 0 -
-Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 -
-Rule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Cyprus 1976 only - Oct 11 0:00 0 -
-Rule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Cyprus 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 -
Rule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
Rule Cyprus 1979 max - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
-Rule Cyprus 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Cyprus 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Nicosia 2:13:28 - LMT 1921 Nov 14
- 2:00 Cyprus EET%s
+ 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT
# Georgia
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1994-11-19):
+# Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward
+# an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze,
+# an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it!
+# We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall.
+#
+# From Mathew Englander <mathew@io.org>, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04):
+# Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia
+# will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy,
+# President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:16 - LMT 1880
- 2:59 - LST 1924 May 2
- 3:00 - MSK 1957 Mar
- 4:00 Russia BS%s
+ 2:59:16 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time
+ 3:00 - TBIT 1957 Mar # Tbilisi Time
+ 4:00 RussiaAsia TBI%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 3:00 1:00 TBIST 1991 Apr 9 # independence
+ 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 1992 # Georgia Time
+ 3:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1994 Sep lastSun
+ 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1996 Oct lastSun
+ 5:00 - GET
# India
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Calcutta 5:53:28 - LMT 1880
- 5:53 - CMT 1941 Oct # Calcutta Mean Time
- 6:30 - BMT 1942 May 15
+ 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
+ 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time
5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15
5:30 - IST
@@ -299,51 +339,105 @@ Zone Asia/Calcutta 5:53:28 - LMT 1880
# Indonesia
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10
- 7:07 - JMT 1924 Jan 1 0:13
- 7:20 - JVT 1932 Nov
- 7:30 - JVT 1942 Mar 23
+ 7:07:12 - JMT 1924 Jan 1 0:13 # Jakarta MT
+ 7:20 - JAVT 1932 Nov # Java Time
+ 7:30 - JAVT 1942 Mar 23
9:00 - JST 1945 Aug
- 7:30 - JVT 1948 May
- 8:00 - JVT 1950 May
- 7:30 - JVT 1964
- 7:00 - JVT
+ 7:30 - JAVT 1948 May
+ 8:00 - JAVT 1950 May
+ 7:30 - JAVT 1964
+ 7:00 - JAVT
Zone Asia/Ujung_Pandang 7:57:36 - LMT 1920
- 7:58 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar Mean Time
- 8:00 - BNT 1942 Feb 9
+ 7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT
+ 8:00 - BORT 1942 Feb 9 # Borneo Time
9:00 - JST 1945 Aug
- 8:00 - BNT
+ 8:00 - BORT
Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov
- 9:00 - MLT 1944
+ 9:00 - JAYT 1944 # Jayapura Time
9:30 - CST 1964
- 9:00 - MLT
+ 9:00 - JAYT
# Iran
-
-# Shanks has no record of DST after 1980.
-
-# From Bob Devine (January 28, 1988):
-# Iran: Last Sunday in March to third (?) Sunday in
-# September. Since the revolution, the official calendar is Monarchic
-# calendar; I have no idea what the correspondence between dates are.
-
-# From U. S. Naval Observatory (January 19, 1989):
-# IRAN 3.5H AHEAD OF UTC
-
-# From Shanks (1991), with corrections from Devine:
+# From Paul Eggert (1996-12-17), following up a suggestion by Rich Wales:
+# Ahmea Alavi in
+# <a href="http://tehran.stanford.edu/Iran_Lib/Calendar/taghveem.txt">
+# TAGHVEEM (1993-08-04)
+# </a>
+# writes ``Daylight saving time in Iran starts from the first day
+# of Farvardin and ends the first day of Mehr.'' This disagrees with the SSIM:
+#
+# DST start DST end
+# year SSIM Alavi SSIM Alavi
+# 1991 05-03!= 03-21 09-20!= 09-23
+# 1992 03-22!= 03-21 09-23 09-23
+# 1993 03-21 03-21 09-23 09-23
+# 1994 03-21 03-21 09-22!= 09-23
+# 1995 03-21 03-21 09-22!= 09-23
+# 1996 03-21!= 03-20 09-21!= 09-22
+# 1997 03-21 03-21 09-21!= 09-23
+#
+# Go with Alavi starting with 1992.
+# I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 19.34 to compute Persian dates.
+# The Persian calendar is based on the sun, and dates after around 2050
+# are approximate; stop after 2037 when 32-bit time_t's overflow.
+#
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Iran 1977 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Iran 1978 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 S
-Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 19 0:00 0 S
-Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 23 0:00 0 S
-Rule Iran 1988 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Iran 1988 max - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 S
+Rule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Iran 1978 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 19 0:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 23 0:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 1991 only - May 3 0:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Iran 1991 only - Sep 20 0:00s 0 -
+Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Sep 23 0:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 1996 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Iran 1996 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Sep 23 0:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 2000 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Iran 2000 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Sep 23 0:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 2004 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Iran 2004 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 2005 2007 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Iran 2005 2007 - Sep 23 0:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 2008 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Iran 2008 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Sep 23 0:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 2012 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Iran 2012 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Sep 23 0:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 2016 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Iran 2016 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Sep 23 0:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 2020 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Iran 2020 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Sep 23 0:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 2024 2025 - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Iran 2024 2025 - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 2026 2027 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Iran 2026 2027 - Sep 23 0:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Sep 23 0:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Sep 23 0:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916
- 3:26 - TMT 1946
- 3:30 - IST 1977 Nov
- 4:00 Iran G%sT 1979
- 3:30 Iran I%sT
+ 3:25:44 - TMT 1946 # Tehran Mean Time
+ 3:30 - IRT 1977 Nov
+ 4:00 Iran IR%sT 1979
+ 3:30 Iran IR%sT
# Iraq
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
@@ -351,11 +445,14 @@ Rule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
Rule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Iraq 1985 max - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 S
-Rule Iraq 1986 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 D
+Rule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 S
+Rule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 D
+# IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the `:01' is a typo.
+Rule Iraq 1991 max - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 D
+Rule Iraq 1991 max - Oct 1 3:00s 0 D
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890
- 2:58 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time
+ 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time?
3:00 - AST 1982 May
3:00 Iraq A%sT
@@ -364,18 +461,12 @@ Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890
# Israel
-# From U. S. Naval Observatory (January 19, 1989):
+# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
# ISRAEL 2 H AHEAD OF UTC
# ISRAEL 3 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 10 - SEP 3
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993):
-#
-# Shanks gives the following rules for Jerusalem from 1918 through 1991.
-# After 1989 Shanks often disagrees with Silverberg; we go with Silverberg.
-
-# From Shanks (1991):
+# From Shanks (1995):
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Zion 1918 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S
Rule Zion 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Zion 1942 1944 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
Rule Zion 1943 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
@@ -416,15 +507,10 @@ Rule Zion 1987 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Zion 1987 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
Rule Zion 1988 only - Apr 9 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Zion 1988 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
-#Rule Zion 1989 only - Apr 29 0:00 1:00 D
-#Rule Zion 1989 only - Sep 2 0:00 0 S
-#Rule Zion 1990 only - Mar 25 0:00 1:00 D
-#Rule Zion 1990 only - Aug 26 0:00 0 S
-#Rule Zion 1991 only - Mar 10 0:00 1:00 D
-#Rule Zion 1991 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 S
-
-# From Ephraim Silverberg (September 5, 1993):
-#
+
+# From Ephraim Silverberg <ephraim@cs.huji.ac.il>
+# (1997-03-04 and 1998-03-16):
+
# According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of
# Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes.
# Each year they decide anew what havoc to wreak on the country. However,
@@ -432,35 +518,75 @@ Rule Zion 1988 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
# on the party the Minister of Interior, the size of the coalition
# government, the phase of the moon and the direction of the wind. Hence,
# changes may need to be made on a semi-annual basis. One thing is entrenched
-# in law, however: that there must be at least 150 days on daylight savings
-# time annually.
+# in law, however: that there must be at least 150 days of daylight savings
+# time annually. Ever since 1993, the change to daylight savings time is
+# on a Thursday night from midnight IST to 1 a.m IDT. The change back to
+# standard time is on a Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time
+# to 11 p.m. standard time. 1996 is an exception to this rule where the
+# change back to standard time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday
+# night to avoid conflicts with the Jewish New Year.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Zion 1989 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 1989 only - Sep 3 0:00 0:00 S
+Rule Zion 1989 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
Rule Zion 1990 only - Mar 25 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 1990 only - Aug 26 0:00 0:00 S
+Rule Zion 1990 only - Aug 26 0:00 0 S
Rule Zion 1991 only - Mar 24 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 1991 only - Sep 1 0:00 0:00 S
+Rule Zion 1991 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 S
Rule Zion 1992 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 1992 only - Sep 6 0:00 0:00 S
+Rule Zion 1992 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S
Rule Zion 1993 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0:00 S
+Rule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0 S
+
+# The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the
+# Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The spokeswoman can be reached by
+# calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448.
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0 S
+Rule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Zion 1995 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
-# The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for
-# the Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem. There are no dates yet for 1996 and
-# beyond so your guess is as good as theirs (those who are interested can
-# call 972-2-701411 and ask for the spokeswoman).
+# The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the
+# time, Haim Ramon. The official announcement regarding 1996-1998
+# (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at:
+#
+# ftp://ftp.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz
+#
+# The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa.
+# The official announcement for the year 1997 can be viewed at:
+#
+# ftp://ftp.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1997.ps.gz
+#
+# The official announcement for the year 1998 can be viewed at:
+#
+# ftp://ftp.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1998.ps.gz
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0:00 S
-Rule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Zion 1995 only - Aug 27 0:00 0:00 S
+Rule Zion 1996 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Zion 1996 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S
+Rule Zion 1997 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Zion 1997 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S
+Rule Zion 1998 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Zion 1998 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S
+
+# From Member of Knesset Avraham Poraz, as quoted in Ha'aretz (1998-09-02):
+# [The 1998-09-06 transition is to] serve the interests of a small minority
+# of ultra-Orthodox Sephardic Jews who, during the [Hebrew] month of Elul,
+# recite Slihot penitential prayers in the early morning hours
+# and thus find daylight time inconvenient.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (1998-01-12):
+# Here are guesses for rules after 1998.
+# They are probably wrong, but they are more likely than no DST at all.
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Zion 1999 max - Mar Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Zion 1999 max - Sep Sun>=1 0:00 0 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Tel_Aviv 2:19:04 - LMT 1880
- 2:21 - JMT 1918
+Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:56 - LMT 1880
+ 2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time?
2:00 Zion I%sT
@@ -470,66 +596,105 @@ Zone Asia/Tel_Aviv 2:19:04 - LMT 1880
# `9:00' and `JST' is from Guy Harris.
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993):
-# Shanks says that the far southern Ryukyu Is (Nansei-Shoto) are 8:00,
-# but we don't have a good location name for them;
-# we don't even know the name of the principal town.
-# There is no information for Marcus.
-# Other Japanese possessions are probably like Asia/Tokyo.
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1995-03-06):
+# Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had
+# daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but ``the system was discontinued
+# because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours.''
+# Shanks writes that daylight saving in Japan during those years was as follows:
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+#Rule Japan 1948 only - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
+#Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sat>=8 2:00 0 S
+#Rule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
+#Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
+# but the only locations using it were US military bases.
+# We go with Shanks and omit daylight saving in those years for Asia/Tokyo.
-# From Shanks (1991):
-# Japan switched from the Japanese calendar on 1893 Jan 1.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:19:04 - LMT 1896
9:00 - JST
-#Zone Asia/South_Ryukyu 8:14:44 - LMT 1896 # Amitori
-# 8:00 - CST
+Zone Asia/Ishigaki 8:16:36 - LMT 1896
+ 8:00 - CST
+# There is no information for Marcus.
+# Other Japanese possessions are probably like Asia/Tokyo.
# Jordan
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993):
-# Most likely Shanks is merely guessing dates from 1992 on.
-# From Shanks (1991):
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Jordan 1931 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Jordan 1974 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Jordan 1974 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Jordan 1976 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Jordan 1977 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Jordan 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Jordan 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Jordan 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
-Rule Jordan 1985 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Jordan 1985 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Jordan 1985 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Jordan 1986 1988 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Jordan 1986 1988 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Jordan 1986 1990 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Jordan 1989 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Jordan 1990 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Jordan 1991 only - Apr 19 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Jordan 1989 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Jordan 1990 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Jordan 1991 only - Apr 17 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Jordan 1991 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 -
-Rule Jordan 1992 max - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Jordan 1992 max - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Jordan 1992 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Jordan 1992 1993 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Jordan 1993 max - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Jordan 1994 only - Sep Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
+Rule Jordan 1995 max - Sep Fri>=15 0:00s 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931
- 2:00 Jordan EET%s
+ 2:00 Jordan EE%sT
# Kazakhstan
-# From Shanks (1991):
+# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
+# Andrew Evtichov <evti@chevron.com> (1996-04-13) writes that Kazakhstan
+# stayed in sync with Moscow after 1990, and that Aqtobe (formerly Aktyubinsk)
+# and Aqtau (formerly Shevchenko) are the largest cities in their zones.
+# Guess that Aqtau and Aqtobe diverged in 1995, since that's the first time
+# IATA SSIM mentions a third time zone in Kazakhstan.
+#
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Alma-Ata 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2
- 5:00 - TSK 1957 Mar
- 6:00 Russia TS%s
-
+Zone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Alma-Ata
+ 5:00 - ALMT 1957 Mar # Alma-Ata Time
+ 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 5:00 1:00 ALMST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
+ 5:00 - ALMT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+ 6:00 E-EurAsia ALM%sT
+Zone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2
+ 4:00 - AKT 1957 Mar # Aktyubinsk Time
+ 5:00 RussiaAsia AK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 4:00 1:00 AKTST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
+ 4:00 - AQTT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s # Aqtobe Time
+ 5:00 E-EurAsia AQT%sT
+Zone Asia/Aqtau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Aktau
+ 4:00 - SHET 1957 Mar # Fort Shevchenko Time
+ 5:00 RussiaAsia SHE%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 4:00 1:00 AQTST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
+ 4:00 - AQTT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s # Aqtau Time
+ 5:00 E-EurAsia AQT%sT 1995 Sep lastSun
+ 4:00 E-EurAsia AQT%sT
+
+# Kirgizstan
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Kirgiz 1992 1996 - Apr Sun>=7 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Kirgiz 1991 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
+Rule Kirgiz 1997 max - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 S
+Rule Kirgiz 1997 max - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 -
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
+ 5:00 - FRUT 1930 Jun 21 # Frunze Time
+ 6:00 RussiaAsia FRU%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 5:00 1:00 FRUST 1991 Aug 31 # independence
+ 5:00 Kirgiz KG%sT # Kirgizstan Time
###############################################################################
-# Korea
+# Korea (North and South)
# From Guy Harris:
# According to someone at the Korean Times in San Francisco,
# Daylight Savings Time was not observed until 1987. He did not know
# at what time of day DST starts or ends.
-# From Shanks (1991):
+# From Shanks (1995):
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule ROK 1960 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D
Rule ROK 1960 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
@@ -555,95 +720,106 @@ Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1890
###############################################################################
-
# Kuwait
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Kuwait 3:11:56 - LMT 1950
3:00 - AST
-# Kyrgyzstan
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Frunze 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
- 5:00 - TSK 1957 Mar
- 6:00 Russia TS%s
-
# Laos
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Vientiane 6:50:24 - LMT 1906 Jun 9
- 7:06 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT
+ 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
7:00 - ICT 1912 May
8:00 - ICT 1931 May
7:00 - ICT
# Lebanon
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Lebanon 1880 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 -
-Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
-Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
-Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
-Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - May 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Lebanon 1972 only - Jun 22 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Lebanon 1972 only - Jun 22 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Lebanon 1972 1977 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Lebanon 1973 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Lebanon 1973 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
-Rule Lebanon 1984 1987 - May 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Lebanon 1984 max - Oct 16 0:00 0 -
-Rule Lebanon 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Lebanon 1989 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Lebanon 1990 max - May 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Lebanon 1984 1987 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Lebanon 1984 1991 - Oct 16 0:00 0 -
+Rule Lebanon 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Lebanon 1989 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Lebanon 1990 1992 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Lebanon 1992 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
+Rule Lebanon 1993 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Lebanon 1993 max - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880
- 2:00 Lebanon EET%s
+ 2:00 Lebanon EE%sT
# Malaysia
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 TS
+Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:48 - LMT 1880
- 6:55 - SMT 1905 Jun
- 7:00 - SGT 1933
- 7:20 - SGT 1942 Feb 15
+ 6:55:24 - SMT 1905 Jun # Singapore Mean Time
+ 7:00 - MALT 1933 # Malaya Time
+ 7:20 - MALT 1942 Feb 15
9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 2
- 7:20 - SGT 1950
- 7:30 - SGT 1982 May
- 8:00 - SGT
+ 7:20 - MALT 1950
+ 7:30 - MALT 1982 May
+ 8:00 - MYT # Malaysia Time
+Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar
+ 7:30 - BORT 1933 # Borneo Time
+ 8:00 NBorneo BOR%sT 1942
+ 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 2
+ 8:00 - BORT 1982 May
+ 8:00 - MYT
# Maldives
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male
- 4:54 - MMT 1960
- 5:00 - PKT
+Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male
+ 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Male Mean Time
+ 5:00 - MVT # Maldives Time
# Mongolia
+# Shanks says that Mongolia has three time zones, but usno1995 and the CIA map
+# Standard Time Zones of the World (1997-01)
+# </a>
+# both say that it has just one.
# Let's comment out the western and eastern Mongolian time zones
# till we know what their principal towns are.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Mongol 1978 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Mongol 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 T
-Rule Mongol 1981 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Mongol 1985 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 T
-Rule Mongol 1985 max - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 S
+Rule Mongol 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Mongol 1981 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Mongol 1985 1990 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Mongol 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 -
+Rule Mongol 1991 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Mongol 1991 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
+Rule Mongol 1996 only - Oct Fri>=22 0:00 0 -
+Rule Mongol 1997 max - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
#Zone Asia/Dariv 6:14:32 - LMT 1905 Aug
-# 6:00 - DST 1978
-# 7:00 Mongol D%sT
+# 6:00 - DART 1978 # Dariv Time
+# 7:00 Mongol DAR%sT
Zone Asia/Ulan_Bator 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug
- 7:00 - UST 1978
- 8:00 Mongol U%sT
+ 7:00 - ULAT 1978 # Ulan Bator Time
+ 8:00 Mongol ULA%sT
#Zone Asia/Baruun-Urt 7:33:00 - LMT 1905 Aug
-# 8:00 - BST 1978
-# 9:00 Mongol B%sT
+# 8:00 - BART 1978 # Baruun-Urt Time
+# 9:00 Mongol BAR%sT
# Nepal
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Katmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920
5:30 - IST 1986
- 5:45 - NPT
+ 5:45 - NPT # Nepal Time
# Oman
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
@@ -656,41 +832,107 @@ Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907
5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15
5:30 - IST 1951 Sep 30
- 5:00 - PKT
+ 5:00 - KART 1971 Mar 26 # Karachi Time
+ 5:00 - PKT # Pakistan Time
# Palestine
+
+# From Amos Shapir <amos@nsof.co.il> (1998-02-15):
+#
+# From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now
+# known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule.
+# Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too...
+#
+# The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05
+# (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no
+# time zone was affected then). It was never formally annexed to Egypt,
+# though.
+#
+# The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally
+# annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from
+# the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the
+# Trans-Jordan"). So the rules for Jordan for that time apply. Major
+# towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and
+# East Jerusalem.
+#
+# Both areas were occupied by Israel in June 1967, but not annexed (except
+# for East Jerusalem). They were on Israel time since then; there might
+# have been a Military Governor's order about time zones, but I'm not aware
+# of any (such orders may have been issued semi-annually whenever summer
+# time was in effect, but maybe the legal aspect of time was just neglected).
+#
+# The Palestinian Authority was established in 1993, and got hold of most
+# towns in the West Bank and Gaza by 1995. I know that in order to
+# demonstrate...independence, they have been switching to
+# summer time and back on a different schedule than Israel's, but I don't
+# know when this was started, or what algorithm is used (most likely the
+# Jordanian one).
+#
+# To summarize, the table should probably look something like that:
+#
+# Area \ when | 1918-1947 | 1948-1967 | 1967-1995 | 1996-
+# ------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------
+# Israel | Zion | Zion | Zion | Zion
+# West bank | Zion | Jordan | Zion | Jordan
+# Gaza | Zion | Egypt | Zion | Jordan
+#
+# I guess more info may be available from the PA's web page (if/when they
+# have one).
+
+# From Paul Eggert (1998-02-25):
+# Shanks writes that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but we'll go
+# with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947,
+# and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996.
+# We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since
+# the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about
+# occurred before our cutoff date of 1970.
+# However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries
+# for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules
+# to Palestine's rules. If you have more info about this, please
+# send it to tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for incorporation into future editions.
+
+# From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time,
+# forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg:
+#
+# Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time
+# last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks
+# one-hour forward at this time. As a sign of independence from Israeli rule,
+# the PA has decided to implement DST in April.
+
# These rules for Egypt are stolen from the `africa' file.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Egypt 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Egypt 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
-Rule Egypt 1966 max - Oct 1 3:00 0 -
+Rule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule EgyptAsia 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1967 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
+Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
+Rule EgyptAsia 1966 only - Oct 1 3:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct
- 2:00 - EET 1957 May 10
- 2:00 Egypt EET%s 1967 Jun 30
- 2:00 Zion I%sT
-# This will undoubtedly change soon.
+ 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15
+ 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5
+ 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996
+ 2:00 Jordan EE%sT
+
+# Paracel Is
+# no information
# Philippines
# Howse writes (p 162) that until 1844 the Philippines kept American date.
# The rest of this data is from Shanks.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Phil 1899 only - May 11 0:00 0 S
-Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
+Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Manila -15:56:00 - LMT 1844
8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11
- 8:00 Phil P%sT 1942 May
+ 8:00 Phil PH%sT 1942 May
9:00 - JST 1944 Nov
- 8:00 Phil P%sT
+ 8:00 Phil PH%sT
# Qatar
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
@@ -706,70 +948,111 @@ Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1950
# Singapore
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:24 - LMT 1880
- 6:55 - SMT 1905 Jun
- 7:00 - SGT 1933
- 7:20 - SGT 1942 Feb 15
+ 6:55:24 - SMT 1905 Jun # Singapore Mean Time
+ 7:00 - MALT 1933 # Malaya Time
+ 7:20 - MALT 1942 Feb 15
9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 2
- 7:20 - SGT 1950
- 7:30 - SGT 1982 May
+ 7:20 - MALT 1950
+ 7:30 - MALT 1965 Aug 9 # independence
+ 7:30 - SGT 1982 May # Singapore Time
8:00 - SGT
+# Spratly Is
+# no information
+
# Sri Lanka
+# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
+# <a href="http://www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html">
+# Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout (1996-05-24)
+# </a>
+# reported ``the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at
+# midnight Friday (1830 GMT) `in the light of the present power crisis'.''
+# Transitions before 1996 are from Shanks (1995).
+#
+# From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted
+# by Shamindra in
+# <a href="news:54rka5$m5h@mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net">
+# Daily News - Hot News Section (1996-10-26)
+# </a>:
+# With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996
+# Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT.
+
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Colombo 5:19:24 - LMT 1880
- 5:20 - JMT 1906
+ 5:19:32 - MMT 1906 # Moratuwa Mean Time
5:30 - IST 1942 Jan 5
5:30 0:30 IHST 1942 Sep
5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 16 2:00
- 5:30 - IST
+ 5:30 - IST 1996 May 25 0:00
+ 6:30 - LKT 1996 Oct 26 0:30
+ 6:00 - LKT
# Syria
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Syria 1920 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
-Rule Syria 1962 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Syria 1962 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Syria 1962 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
-Rule Syria 1963 1965 - May 1 2:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Syria 1963 1965 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Syria 1963 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
Rule Syria 1964 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
Rule Syria 1965 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
-Rule Syria 1966 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Syria 1966 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Syria 1966 1976 - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
-Rule Syria 1967 1978 - May 1 2:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Syria 1967 1978 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Syria 1977 1978 - Sep 1 2:00 0 -
-Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Apr 9 2:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Apr 9 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
-Rule Syria 1986 only - Feb 16 2:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Syria 1986 only - Feb 16 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Syria 1986 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 -
-Rule Syria 1987 only - Mar 1 2:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Syria 1987 only - Mar 1 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Syria 1987 1988 - Oct 31 2:00 0 -
-Rule Syria 1988 only - Mar 15 2:00 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Syria 1989 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Syria 1988 only - Mar 15 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Syria 1989 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Syria 1989 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
-Rule Syria 1990 max - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Syria 1990 max - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
+Rule Syria 1990 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Syria 1990 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
+Rule Syria 1991 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Syria 1991 1992 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Syria 1992 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Syria 1993 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Syria 1993 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 -
+# IATA SSIM (1996-09) says 1997-03-31; (1998-02) says 1998-04-02,
+# 1999-03-29, and 1999-09-29; ignore all these claims for now.
+Rule Syria 1994 max - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Syria 1994 max - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920
- 2:00 Syria EET%s
+ 2:00 Syria EE%sT
# Tajikistan
+# From Shanks (1995), who writes ``date of change uncertain'' for 1991.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
- 5:00 - TSK 1957 Mar
- 6:00 Russia TS%s
+ 5:00 - DUST 1930 Jun 21 # Dushanbe Time
+ 6:00 RussiaAsia DUS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 5:00 1:00 DUSST 1991 Sep 9 # independence
+ 5:00 RussiaAsia TJ%sT 1992
+ 5:00 - TJT # Tajikistan Time
# Thailand
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880
- 6:42 - BMT 1920 Apr
+ 6:42:04 - BMT 1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time
7:00 - ICT
# Turkmenistan
+# From Shanks (1995):
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Ashkhabad 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2
- 4:00 - ASK 1957 Mar
- 5:00 Russia AS%s
+Zone Asia/Ashkhabad 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashgabat
+ 4:00 - ASHT 1930 Jun 21 # Ashkhabad Time
+ 5:00 - ASHT 1981 Apr 1
+ 5:00 1:00 ASHST 1981 Oct 1
+ 6:00 - ASHT 1982 Apr 1
+ 5:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991
+ 5:00 - ASHT 1991 Oct 27 # independence
+ 5:00 RussiaAsia TM%sT 1993 # Turkmenistan Time
+ 5:00 - TMT
# United Arab Emirates
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
@@ -777,19 +1060,33 @@ Zone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920
4:00 - GST
# Uzbekistan
+# From Shanks (1995):
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
+ 4:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21 # Samarkand Time
+ 5:00 - SAMT 1981 Apr 1
+ 5:00 1:00 SAMST 1981 Oct 1
+ 6:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00 # Tashkent Time
+ 5:00 - TAST 1991 Sep 1 # independence
+ 5:00 - UZT 1992
+ 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1993
+ 5:00 - UZT
Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
- 5:00 - TSK 1957 Mar
- 6:00 Russia TS%s
+ 5:00 - TAST 1930 Jun 21 # Tashkent Time
+ 6:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 5:00 - TAST 1991 Sep 1 # independence
+ 5:00 - UZT 1992
+ 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1993
+ 5:00 - UZT
# Vietnam
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993):
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1993-11-18):
# Saigon's official name is Thanh-Pho Ho Chi Minh, but it's too long.
# We'll stick with the traditional name for now.
# From Shanks (1991):
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Saigon 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9
- 7:06 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT
+ 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
7:00 - ICT 1912 May
8:00 - ICT 1931 May
7:00 - ICT
diff --git a/share/zoneinfo/australasia b/share/zoneinfo/australasia
index 15f520a..7e52f18 100644
--- a/share/zoneinfo/australasia
+++ b/share/zoneinfo/australasia
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# @(#)australasia 7.20
+# @(#)australasia 7.44
# This file also includes Pacific islands.
# Notes are at the end of this file
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
# Australia
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Aus 1895 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
# Shanks gives 1917 Jan 1 0:01; go with Whitman (and guess 2:00).
Rule Aus 1916 only - Oct 1 2:00 1:00 -
Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 -
@@ -21,186 +20,259 @@ Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 -
# 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944; go with Shanks.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Northern Territory
Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
+ 9:00 - CST 1899 May
9:30 - CST 1917 Jan 1 0:01
9:30 Aus CST
+# Western Australia
Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec
8:00 - WST 1917 Jan 1 0:01
- 8:00 Aus WST 1974 Oct lastSun 2:00
- 8:00 1:00 WST 1975 Mar Sun>=1 3:00
- 8:00 - WST 1983 Oct lastSun 2:00
- 8:00 1:00 WST 1984 Mar Sun>=1 3:00
- 8:00 - WST 1991 Nov 17 2:00
- 8:00 1:00 WST 1992 Mar Sun>=1 3:00
+ 8:00 Aus WST 1974 Oct lastSun 2:00s
+ 8:00 1:00 WST 1975 Mar Sun>=1 2:00s
+ 8:00 - WST 1983 Oct lastSun 2:00s
+ 8:00 1:00 WST 1984 Mar Sun>=1 2:00s
+ 8:00 - WST 1991 Nov 17 2:00s
+ 8:00 1:00 WST 1992 Mar Sun>=1 2:00s
8:00 - WST
+# Queensland
+#
+# From Alex Livingston <alex@agsm.unsw.edu.au> (1996-11-01):
+# I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast
+# of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after
+# Queensland ceased to.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
+# IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman,
+# Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped.
+# Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria,
+# so use Lindeman.
+#
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
+Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
+Rule Holiday 1989 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
+Rule Holiday 1990 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895
10:00 - EST 1917 Jan 1 0:01
- 10:00 Aus EST 1971 Oct lastSun 2:00
- 10:00 1:00 EST 1972 Feb lastSun 3:00
- 10:00 - EST 1989 Oct lastSun 2:00
- 10:00 1:00 EST 1990 Mar Sun>=1 3:00
- 10:00 - EST 1990 Oct lastSun 2:00
- 10:00 1:00 EST 1991 Mar Sun>=1 3:00
- 10:00 - EST 1991 Oct lastSun 2:00
- 10:00 1:00 EST 1992 Mar Sun>=1 3:00
- 10:00 - EST
+ 10:00 Aus EST 1971 Oct lastSun 2:00s
+ 10:00 1:00 EST 1972 Feb lastSun 2:00s
+ 10:00 AQ EST
+Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895
+ 10:00 - EST 1917 Jan 1 0:01
+ 10:00 Aus EST 1971 Oct lastSun 2:00s
+ 10:00 1:00 EST 1972 Feb lastSun 2:00s
+ 10:00 Holiday EST
+# South Australia
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 -
-Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 1:00 -
-Rule AS 1987 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 -
-Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 3:00 0 -
-Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 -
-Rule AS 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 -
-Rule AS 1990 max even Mar Sun>=18 3:00 0 -
-Rule AS 1990 max odd Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 -
+Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
+Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 -
+Rule AS 1987 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
+Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 -
+Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
+Rule AS 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
+Rule AS 1990 1994 even Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 -
+Rule AS 1990 1994 odd Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
+Rule AS 1995 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
9:00 - CST 1899 May
9:30 - CST 1917 Jan 1 0:01
- 9:30 Aus CST 1971 Oct lastSun 2:00
+ 9:30 Aus CST 1971 Oct lastSun 2:00s
9:30 AS CST
+# Tasmania
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule AT 1967 only - Oct 1 2:00 1:00 -
-Rule AT 1968 only - Mar 31 3:00 0 -
-Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 -
-Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 3:00 0 -
-Rule AT 1972 only - Feb 27 3:00 0 -
-Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 -
-Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 -
-Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 -
-Rule AT 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 1:00 -
-Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 -
-Rule AT 1987 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 -
-Rule AT 1991 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 -
-Rule AT 1991 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 -
+Rule AT 1967 only - Oct 1 2:00s 1:00 -
+Rule AT 1968 only - Mar 31 2:00s 0 -
+Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
+Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 -
+Rule AT 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 -
+Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
+Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
+Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
+Rule AT 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 -
+Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
+Rule AT 1987 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
+Rule AT 1991 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
+Rule AT 1991 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep
10:00 - EST 1917 Jan 1 0:01
- 10:00 Aus EST 1967 Oct 1 2:00
+ 10:00 Aus EST 1967 Oct 1 2:00s
10:00 AT EST
+# Victoria
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 -
-Rule AV 1972 only - Feb 27 3:00 0 -
-Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 -
-Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 -
-Rule AV 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 1:00 -
-Rule AV 1987 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 -
-Rule AV 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 -
+Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
+Rule AV 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 -
+Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
+Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
+Rule AV 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 -
+Rule AV 1987 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
+Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
+Rule AV 1995 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
10:00 - EST 1917 Jan 1 0:01
- 10:00 Aus EST 1971 Oct 31 2:00
+ 10:00 Aus EST 1971 Oct 31 2:00s
10:00 AV EST
+# New South Wales
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 -
-Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 3:00 0 -
-Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 -
-Rule AN 1982 only - Apr 4 3:00 0 -
-Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 -
-Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 -
-Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 1:00 -
-Rule AN 1987 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 -
-Rule AN 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 -
+Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
+Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 -
+Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
+Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
+Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
+Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
+Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 -
+Rule AN 1987 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
+Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
+Rule AN 1996 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
10:00 - EST 1917 Jan 1 0:01
- 10:00 Aus EST 1971 Oct 31 2:00
+ 10:00 Aus EST 1971 Oct 31 2:00s
10:00 AN EST
Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb
10:00 - EST 1896 Aug 23
9:00 - CST 1899 May
9:30 - CST 1917 Jan 1 0:01
- 9:30 Aus CST 1971 Oct 31 2:00
+ 9:30 Aus CST 1971 Oct 31 2:00s
9:30 AN CST
+
+# Lord Howe Island
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
+Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
+Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0:30 -
+Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
+Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 0:30 -
+Rule LH 1987 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0:30 -
+Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
+Rule LH 1996 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
10:00 - EST 1981 Mar
- 10:30 AN LHST
-Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
- 7:00 - JVT
+ 10:30 LH LHST
+# Australian miscellany
#
# Ashmore Is, Cartier
+# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers
# no information; probably like Australia/Perth
#
-# Macquarie, Manihiki, Penrhyn, Rakehanga
+# Coral Sea Is
+# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists
+# no information
+#
+# Macquarie
+# permanent occupation (scientific station) since 1948;
+# sealing and penguin oil station operated 1888-1917
+# no information
+#
+# Manihiki, Penrhyn, Rakehanga
# no information
-
-# Belau
-Zone Pacific/Belau 8:58:00 - LMT 1901
- 9:00 - BLT
+# Christmas
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
+ 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time
# Cook Is
+# From Shanks (1995):
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HD
-Rule Cook 1979 max - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 H
-Rule Cook 1979 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HD
+Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS
+Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua
- -10:30 - CIST 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is ST
- -10:00 Cook T%sT
+ -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time
+ -10:00 Cook CK%sT
# Cocos
# From USNO (1989):
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Pacific/Cocos 6:30 - CCT
+Zone Indian/Cocos 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time
# Fiji
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:53:40 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva
- 12:00 - NZST
+ 12:00 - FJT # Fiji Time
# French Polynesia
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea
- -9:00 - GBT
+ -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time
Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct
- -9:30 - MQT
+ -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time
Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete
- -10:00 - THT
+ -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time
+# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia;
+# it is uninhabited.
# Guam
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Guam 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana
10:00 - GST
-# Howland, Baker
-# no information; probably like Pacific/Samoa
-
-# Jarvis
-# no information; probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
-
-# Johnston
-# no information; probably like Pacific/Honolulu
-
# Kiribati
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki
- 12:00 - NZST
+ 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time
Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901
- -12:00 - KJT 1979 Oct
- -11:00 - SST
+ -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time
+ -11:00 - PHOT 1995
+ 13:00 - PHOT
Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901
- -10:40 - LIT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time
- -10:00 - THT
+ -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time
+ -10:00 - LINT 1995
+ 14:00 - LINT
+
+# N Mariana Is
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Pacific/Saipan 9:43:00 - LMT 1901
+ 9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time
+ 10:00 - MPT
+
+# Marshall Is
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901
+ 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time
+ 12:00 - MHT
+Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901
+ 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct
+ -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time
+ 12:00 - MHT
+
+# Micronesia
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Pacific/Yap 9:12:32 - LMT 1901 # Colonia
+ 9:00 - YAPT 1969 Oct # Yap Time
+ 10:00 - YAPT
+Zone Pacific/Truk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901
+ 10:00 - TRUT # Truk Time
+Zone Pacific/Ponape 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia
+ 11:00 - PONT # Ponape Time
+Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901
+ 11:00 - PONT 1969 Oct
+ 12:00 - KOST # Kosrae Time
# Nauru
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe
- 11:30 - NST 1942 Mar 15
+ 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time
9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15
- 11:30 - NST 1979 May
- 12:00 - NZST
+ 11:30 - NRT 1979 May
+ 12:00 - NRT
# New Caledonia
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule NC 1912 only - Jan 13 0:00 0 S
-Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 S
+Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 -
+Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13
11:00 NC NC%sT
@@ -211,36 +283,41 @@ Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13
# New Zealand
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule NZ 1868 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S
# Shanks gives 1927 Nov 6 - 1928 Mar 4, 1928 Oct 14 - 1929 Mar 17,
# 1929 Oct 13 - 1930 Mar 16; go with Whitman.
-Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 26 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 26 2:00 0:30 HD
Rule NZ 1928 1929 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
-Rule NZ 1928 only - Nov 4 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule NZ 1929 only - Oct 30 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule NZ 1928 only - Nov 4 2:00 0:30 HD
+Rule NZ 1929 only - Oct 30 2:00 0:30 HD
Rule NZ 1930 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 S
-Rule NZ 1930 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
-# Shanks says DST stopped 1940 Sep lastSun; go with Whitman for war years.
-Rule NZ 1934 1944 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule NZ 1934 1944 - Sep lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov 3 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct 8 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule NZ 1990 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb 23 3:00 0 S
-Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S
-Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 S
+Rule NZ 1930 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 HD
+# Whitman says DST went on and off during war years, and the base UT offset
+# didn't change until 1945 Apr 30; go with Shanks.
+Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule NZ 1934 1939 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 HD
+Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov 3 2:00s 1:00 D
+Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
+Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct 8 2:00s 1:00 D
+Rule NZ 1990 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
+Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb 23 2:00s 0 S
+Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
+Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
+Rule Chatham 1990 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D
+Rule Chatham 1991 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868
- # Shanks gives 1940 Sep 29 2:00;
- # go with Whitman.
- 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1945 Apr 29 2:00
+ 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1940 Sep 29 2:00
12:00 NZ NZ%sT
-Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:45 - NZ-CHAT
+Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT
+
+# Auckland Is
+# uninhabited
-# Antipodes Is, Kermadec Is
-# no information; probably like Pacific/Auckland
+# Campbell I
+# minor whaling stations operated 1909-14
+# scientific station operated 1941-1995
+# was probably like Pacific/Auckland
###############################################################################
@@ -248,93 +325,117 @@ Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:45 - NZ-CHAT
# Niue
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi
- -11:20 - NIT 1951 # Niue I Time
- -11:30 - NIT 1978 Oct 1
- -11:00 - SST
+ -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time
+ -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1
+ -11:00 - NUT
# Norfolk
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston
- 11:12 - NMT 1951
- 11:30 - NST
+ 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time
+ 11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time
-# Pacific Islands Trust Territories
+# Palau
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901
- 11:00 - NCST 1969 Oct
- 12:00 - NZST
-Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901
- 11:00 - NCST 1969 Oct
- -12:00 - KJT 1993 Aug 20
- 12:00 - NZST
-Zone Pacific/Truk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901
- 10:00 - GST 1978 Oct
- 11:00 - NCST
-Zone Pacific/Ponape 10:33:00 - LMT 1901
- 11:00 - NCST
-Zone Pacific/Yap 9:12:24 - LMT 1901
- 9:00 - BLT 1969 Oct
- 10:00 - GST
-
-# Palmyra
-# no information; probably like Pacific/Kiritmati
+Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror
+ 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time
# Papua New Guinea
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880
- 9:49 - PMMT 1895
- 10:00 - EST
+ 9:48:40 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time
+ 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time
# Pitcairn
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown
- -8:30 - PIT
+ -8:30 - PNT # Pitcairn Time
+
+# American Samoa
+Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5
+ -11:22:48 - LMT 1911
+ -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time
+ -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome
+ -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering
+ -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa
+
+# W Samoa
+Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5
+ -11:26:56 - LMT 1911
+ -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time
+ -11:00 - WST # W Samoa Time
# Solomon Is
# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara
- 11:00 - NCST
+ 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time
# Tokelau Is
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901
- -10:00 - THT
+ -10:00 - TKT # Tokelau Time
# Tonga
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901
- 12:20 - TMT 1968 Oct
- 13:00 - TGT
+ 12:20 - TOT 1968 Oct # Tonga Time
+ 13:00 - TOT
# Tuvalu
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901
- 12:00 - NZST
+ 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time
-# Vanuatu
-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Vanuatu 1912 only - Jan 13 0:00 0 S
-Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Vanuatu 1984 max - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 S
-Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Vanuatu 1985 max - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 D
+
+# US minor outlying islands
+
+# Howland, Baker
+# uninhabited since World War II
+# no information; was probably like Pacific/Pago_Pago
+
+# Jarvis
+# uninhabited since 1958
+# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
+
+# Johnston
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila
- 11:00 - NCST
+Zone Pacific/Johnston -10:00 - HST
+
+# Kingman
+# uninhabited
+
+# Midway
+Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901
+ -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome
+ -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering
+ -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa
+
+# Palmyra
+# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
# Wake
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901
- 12:00 - NZST
+ 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time
+
+
+# Vanuatu
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 -
+Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 -
+Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila
+ 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time
# Wallis and Futuna
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
- 12:00 - NZST
-
-# Western Samoa
-# See Pacific/Samoa in the `northamerica' file, of all places.
+ 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time
###############################################################################
@@ -344,11 +445,19 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (August 18, 1994):
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-11-22):
# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
-# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (3rd edition),
-# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991).
-# Except where noted, it is the source for the data above.
+# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (4th edition),
+# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1995).
+#
+# Gwillim Law <LAW@encmail.encompass.com> writes that a good source
+# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
+# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
+# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
+# of the IATA's data after 1990.
+#
+# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1990,
+# and IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
#
# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
@@ -363,35 +472,25 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
# Corrections are welcome!
# std dst
# LMT Local Mean Time
-# 6:30 CCT Cocos*
-# 7:00 JVT Java*
# 8:00 WST WST Western Australia
-# 9:00 BLT Belau*
# 9:00 JST Japan
# 9:30 CST CST Central Australia
# 10:00 EST EST Eastern Australia
-# 10:00 GST Guam*
+# 10:00 GST Guam
# 10:30 LHST LHST Lord Howe*
-# 11:00 NCST NCDT New Caledonia*
-# 11:30 NRT Norfolk*
# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand
-# 12:45 NZ-CHAT Chatham
-# 13:00 TGT Tongatapu*
-# -12:00 KJT Kwajalein (no longer used)*
+# 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham*
# -11:00 SST Samoa
-# -10:40 LIT Line Is (no longer used)*
-# -10:00 THT Tahiti*
-# - 9:30 MQT Marquesas*
-# - 9:00 GBT Gambier*
-# - 8:30 PIT Pitcairn*
+# -10:00 HST Hawaii
#
-# See the `africa' file for Zone naming conventions.
+# See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii.
+# See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is.
###############################################################################
# Australia
-# From John Mackin (March 6, 1991):
+# From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time.
# It is called `summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, `summer'
# and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the
@@ -415,22 +514,49 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
# WST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00
# EST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00
-# Australia/North
-
-# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (March 6, 1991):
+# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
+# Shanks reports 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and New Zealand.
+# Mark Prior <mrp@itd.adelaide.edu.au> writes that his newspaper
+# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00,
+# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970
+# and perhaps the newspaper's `2:00' is referring to standard time.
+# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960.
+
+# From Eric Ulevik <eau@zip.com.au> (1998-01-05):
+#
+# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable,
+# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more
+# relevant entries in this database.
+#
+# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill):
+# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html">
+# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04)
+# </a>
+# ACT
+# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html">
+# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972
+# </a>
+# SA
+# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html">
+# Standard Time Act, 1898
+# </a>
+
+# Northern Territory
+
+# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ]
# # [ Nov 1990 ]
# # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location.
# ...
-# Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST
+# Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST
-# From Bradley White (March 4, 1991):
+# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving.
-# Australia/West
+# Western Australia
-# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (March 6, 1991):
+# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
# # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ]
# # [ Nov 1990 ]
# # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to
@@ -445,24 +571,23 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
# Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
# Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W
-# From Bradley White (March 4, 1991):
+# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
# Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving.
-# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (November 2, 1991):
+# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02):
# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney
# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at
# work at 9.00am.)
# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse
# everybody again.
-# From Arthur David Olson (March 8, 1992):
+# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess;
# it matches what was used in the past.
-# Australia/Queensland
-
-# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (March 6, 1991):
+# Queensland
+# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ]
# # [ Dec 1990 ]
# ...
@@ -473,21 +598,21 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
# Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
# Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E
-# From Bradley White (December 24, 1989):
+# From Bradley White (1989-12-24):
# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from
# October 1989).
-# From Bradley White (March 4, 1991):
+# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving
# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
-# From John Mackin (March 6, 1991):
+# From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact
# end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised
# me.)
-# From Bradley White (March 8, 1992):
+# From Bradley White (1992-03-08):
# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted
# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ...
# ...
@@ -495,12 +620,12 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
# Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S
# ...
-# From Arthur David Olson (March 8, 1992):
+# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes.
-# Australia/Tasmania, Australia/South, and Australia/Victoria
+# South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria
-# From Arthur David Olson (March 8, 1992):
+# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
# The rules from version 7.1 follow.
# There are lots of differences between these rules and
# the Shepherd et al. rules. Since the Shepherd et al. rules
@@ -518,7 +643,7 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
# 10:00 1:00 EST 1986 Mar Sun<=21 3:00
# 10:00 Oz EST
-# From Robert Elz (March 6, 1991):
+# From Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
# I believe that the current start date for DST is "lastSun" in Oct...
# that changed Oct 89. That is, we're back to the
# original rule, and that rule currently applies in all the states
@@ -526,14 +651,14 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
# The file I'm including says that happened in 1988, I think
# that's incorrect, but I'm not 100% certain.
-# Australia/South
+# South Australia
-# From Bradley White (March 4, 1991):
+# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
# ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving
# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
-# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (March 6, 1991):
+# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
# # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ]
# # [ Nov 1990 ]
# ...
@@ -544,34 +669,39 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
# Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun<=21 3:00 0 C
# Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C
-# From Bradley White (March 11, 1992):
+# From Bradley White (1992-03-11):
# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide
# contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival,
# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks."
-# From Robert Elz (March 13, 1992):
+# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13):
# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that)
# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even
# numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival
# is on...
-# From Robert Elz (March 16, 1992, 00:57:07 +1000):
+# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000):
# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday)....
# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever...
# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...).
-# From Bradley White (April 11, 1994):
+# From Bradley White (1994-04-11):
# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March,
# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can
# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated....
-# Australia/Tasmania
+# From John Warburton <jwarb@SACBH.com.au> (1994-10-07):
+# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ...
+# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994....
+# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March.
-# From Bradley White (March 4, 1991):
+# Tasmania
+
+# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
# ...Tasmania will revert to Australian Eastern Standard Time on March 31...
-# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (March 6, 1991):
+# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
# # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ]
# # [ Nov 1990 ]
# ...
@@ -592,7 +722,7 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
# Rule AT 1991 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
# Rule AT 1991 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 E
-# From Bill Hart via Alexander Dupuy and Guy Harris (October 10, 1991):
+# From Bill Hart via Alexander Dupuy and Guy Harris (1991-10-10):
# My state Government in there eagerness to get a few more bucks for the
# tourist industry industry decided to change the daylight savings times
# yet again (we now have almost 6 months per year)...
@@ -603,18 +733,18 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
# Rule Oz 1987 1990 - Mar Sun<=21 3:00 0 -
# Rule Oz 1991 max - Mar Sun<=31 3:00 0 -
-# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (October 10, 1991):
+# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10):
# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have
# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia
# (but nothing new about that).
-# Australia/Victoria
+# Victoria
-# From Bradley White (March 4, 1991):
+# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
# ...Victoria...[has] agreed to end daylight saving at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
-# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (March 6, 1991):
+# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
# # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ]
# # [ Nov 1990 ]
# ...
@@ -628,7 +758,7 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
# Rule AV 1988 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
# Rule AV 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E
-# Australia/NSW
+# New South Wales
# From Arthur David Olson:
# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time.
@@ -641,39 +771,49 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
# legislation. This is very important to understand.
# I have researched New South Wales time only...
-# From Dave Davey (March 3, 1990):
+# From Dave Davey (1990-03-03):
# Rule NSW 1988 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 -
# Rule NSW 1989 only - Mar Sun<=21 3:00 0 -
-# From Bradley White (March 4, 1991):
+# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
# NSW...[has] agreed to end daylight saving at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
-# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (March 6, 1991):
+# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
# # The state of NEW SOUTH WALES.. [confirmed by Attorney General's Dept N.S.W]
# # [ Dec 1990 ]
# ...
# Rule AN 1988 1989 - Mar Sun<=21 3:00 0 E
# ...
-# From John Mackin (March 9, 1991)
+# From John Mackin (1991-03-09)
# I have confirmed the accuracy of the historical data for NSW in the
# file Robert forwarded
-# From Arthur David Olson (March 8, 1992):
+# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
# Sources differ on whether DST ended March 6 or March 20 in 1988;
# March 20 (the "confirmed" date) is in the chosen rules.
-# Australia/Yancowinna
+# From Bradley White (1995-05-20):
+# Prem Bob Carr announced NSW will fall into line with other E states
+# and SA and continue daylight savings to the last Sun in Mar.
+
+# From Eric Ulevik <eau@ozemail.com.au> (1997-06-12):
+# The NSW state government in Australia is talking about bringing the start
+# of daylight savings time forward in the year 2000 to cater for the Olympics.
+# This is going to take some time to be negotiated, because the plan is to do
+# this in multiple states due to soccer games (which are not just in Sydney).
+
+# Yancowinna
-# From John Basser (January 4, 1989):
+# From John Basser (1989-01-04):
# `Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna.
-# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (March 6, 1991):
+# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
# # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ]
# # [ Dec 1990 ]
# ...
-# # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite it's location on the
+# # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the
# # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings
# # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government
# # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have
@@ -685,26 +825,32 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
# Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C
# [followed by other Rules]
-# Australia/LHI
+# Lord Howe Island
-# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (March 6, 1991):
+# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
# LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen.. pauline@Aus ]
# [ Dec 1990 ]
# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an
# hour ahead of NSW time.
+# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
+# For Lord Howe we use Shanks through 1991.
+# Lord Howe is part of NSW, so we'll guess it has used the same transition
+# times as NSW since 1991, even though Shanks writes that Lord Howe went
+# with Victoria when NSW and Victoria disagreed in 1982.
+
###############################################################################
# New Zealand, from Elz' asia 1.1
# Elz says "no guarantees"
-# From Mark Davies (October 3, 1990):
+# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03):
# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period.
# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for
# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start).
# source -- phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office.
-# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (March 6, 1991):
+# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that!
# # or is Australia the west island of N.Z.
# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Geofft@Aus.. Auckland N.Z. ]
@@ -718,10 +864,23 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
# Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand
# Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island
-# From Arthur David Olson (March 8, 1992):
+# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
# The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989
# rather than the October 1 value.
+# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19);
+# Shanks reports 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and New Zealand.
+# Robert Uzgalis <buz@cs.aukuni.ac.nz> writes that the New Zealand Daylight
+# Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard
+# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March.
+# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
+# Shanks gives no data for Chatham; usno1989 says it's +12:45,
+# usno1995 says it's +12:45/+13:45, and IATA SSIM (1991/1996)
+# gives the NZ rules but with transitions at 2:45 local standard time.
+# Guess that they adopted DST in 1990.
+
###############################################################################
# Fiji
@@ -730,17 +889,51 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on +12:00.
# Perhaps it didn't take. We go with Shanks's more precise date in 1915.
+# Johnston
+
+# Johnston data is from usno1995.
+
+# Kiribati
+
+# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
+# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati
+# ``declared it the same day throught the country as of Jan. 1, 1995''
+# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century.
+
# Kwajalein
# In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes:
# I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday,
-# August 20, 1993. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with
+# 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with
# respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands,
# going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink.
-# Pacific Islands Trust Territories
+# N Mariana Is, Guam
# Howse writes (p 162) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the
# Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones
# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time.
# Ignore this for now, as we have no hard data. See also Asia/Manila.
+
+# Micronesia
+
+# Alan Eugene Davis <adavis@kuentos.guam.net> writes (1996-03-16),
+# ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk"
+# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.''
+#
+# Shanks writes that Truk switched from GMT+10 to GMT+11 on 1978-10-01;
+# ignore this for now.
+
+# Samoa
+
+# Howse writes that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change
+# ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system,
+# ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that
+# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.''
+
+# Tonga
+
+# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
+# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting
+# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.''
+# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do.
diff --git a/share/zoneinfo/backward b/share/zoneinfo/backward
index 9298788..84f3de5 100644
--- a/share/zoneinfo/backward
+++ b/share/zoneinfo/backward
@@ -1,9 +1,15 @@
-# @(#)backward 7.6
+# @(#)backward 7.15
-# This file provides links between late-1993-vintage names for time zones
-# and their previous names.
+# This file provides links between current names for time zones
+# and their old names. Many names changed in late 1993.
+Link America/Adak America/Atka
+Link America/Indianapolis America/Fort_Wayne
+Link America/Indiana/Knox America/Knox_IN
+Link America/St_Thomas America/Virgin
+Link Asia/Jerusalem Asia/Tel_Aviv
Link Australia/Sydney Australia/ACT
+Link Australia/Sydney Australia/Canberra
Link Australia/Lord_Howe Australia/LHI
Link Australia/Sydney Australia/NSW
Link Australia/Darwin Australia/North
@@ -32,7 +38,6 @@ Link America/Havana Cuba
Link Africa/Cairo Egypt
Link Europe/Dublin Eire
Link Europe/London GB
-Link Etc/GMT GMT
Link Etc/GMT+0 GMT+0
Link Etc/GMT-0 GMT-0
Link Etc/GMT0 GMT0
@@ -40,7 +45,7 @@ Link Etc/Greenwich Greenwich
Link Asia/Hong_Kong Hongkong
Link Atlantic/Reykjavik Iceland
Link Asia/Tehran Iran
-Link Asia/Tel_Aviv Israel
+Link Asia/Jerusalem Israel
Link America/Jamaica Jamaica
Link Asia/Tokyo Japan
Link Pacific/Kwajalein Kwajalein
@@ -48,8 +53,10 @@ Link Africa/Tripoli Libya
Link America/Tijuana Mexico/BajaNorte
Link America/Mazatlan Mexico/BajaSur
Link America/Mexico_City Mexico/General
+Link America/Denver Navajo
Link Pacific/Auckland NZ
Link Pacific/Chatham NZ-CHAT
+Link Pacific/Pago_Pago Pacific/Samoa
Link Asia/Shanghai PRC
Link Europe/Warsaw Poland
Link Europe/Lisbon Portugal
@@ -59,17 +66,18 @@ Link Asia/Singapore Singapore
Link Europe/Istanbul Turkey
Link Etc/UCT UCT
Link America/Anchorage US/Alaska
-Link America/Atka US/Aleutian
+Link America/Adak US/Aleutian
Link America/Phoenix US/Arizona
Link America/Chicago US/Central
-Link America/Fort_Wayne US/East-Indiana
+Link America/Indianapolis US/East-Indiana
Link America/New_York US/Eastern
Link Pacific/Honolulu US/Hawaii
-Link America/Knox_IN US/Indiana-Starke
+Link America/Indiana/Knox US/Indiana-Starke
Link America/Detroit US/Michigan
Link America/Denver US/Mountain
Link America/Los_Angeles US/Pacific
-Link Pacific/Samoa US/Samoa
+Link Pacific/Pago_Pago US/Samoa
Link Etc/UTC UTC
Link Etc/Universal Universal
+Link Europe/Moscow W-SU
Link Etc/Zulu Zulu
diff --git a/share/zoneinfo/etcetera b/share/zoneinfo/etcetera
index ed619ae..4fb27ac 100644
--- a/share/zoneinfo/etcetera
+++ b/share/zoneinfo/etcetera
@@ -1,22 +1,32 @@
-# @(#)etcetera 7.4
+# @(#)etcetera 7.10
-# All of these are set up just so people can "zic -l" to a timezone
-# that's right for their area, even if it doesn't have a name or DST rules
-# (half hour zones are too much to bother with -- when someone asks!)
+# These entries are mostly present for historical reasons, so that
+# people in areas not otherwise covered by the tz files could "zic -l"
+# to a time zone that was right for their area. These days, the
+# tz files cover almost all the inhabited world, so there's little
+# need now for the entries that are not on UTC.
Zone Etc/GMT 0 - GMT
-Link Etc/GMT Etc/UTC
-Link Etc/GMT Etc/UCT
-Link Etc/GMT Etc/Universal
+Zone Etc/UTC 0 - UTC
+Zone Etc/UCT 0 - UCT
+
+# The following link uses older naming conventions,
+# but it belongs here, not in the file `backward',
+# as functions like gmtime load the "GMT" file to handle leap seconds properly.
+# We want this to work even on installations that omit the other older names.
+Link Etc/GMT GMT
+
+Link Etc/UTC Etc/Universal
+Link Etc/UTC Etc/Zulu
+
Link Etc/GMT Etc/Greenwich
-Link Etc/GMT Etc/Zulu
Link Etc/GMT Etc/GMT-0
Link Etc/GMT Etc/GMT+0
Link Etc/GMT Etc/GMT0
# We use POSIX-style signedness in the names and output,
# internal-style signedness in the specifications.
-# For example, TZ=Etc/GMT+4 corresponds to 4 hours _behind_ GMT;
+# For example, TZ=Etc/GMT+4 corresponds to 4 hours _behind_ UTC;
# it is equivalent to TZ=GMT+4, which is implemented directly as per POSIX.
# Earlier incarnations of this package were not POSIX-compliant,
@@ -27,7 +37,8 @@ Link Etc/GMT Etc/GMT0
# zic -l GMT-12
# so we moved the names into the Etc subdirectory.
-Zone Etc/GMT-13 13 - GMT-13 # 12 hours ahead of GMT, plus DST
+Zone Etc/GMT-14 14 - GMT-14 # 14 hours ahead of GMT
+Zone Etc/GMT-13 13 - GMT-13
Zone Etc/GMT-12 12 - GMT-12
Zone Etc/GMT-11 11 - GMT-11
Zone Etc/GMT-10 10 - GMT-10
diff --git a/share/zoneinfo/europe b/share/zoneinfo/europe
index 9abf677..9e90832 100644
--- a/share/zoneinfo/europe
+++ b/share/zoneinfo/europe
@@ -1,14 +1,22 @@
-# @(#)europe 7.16
+# @(#)europe 7.57
# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993):
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-11-22):
# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
-# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (3rd edition),
-# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991).
-# Except where otherwise noted, it is the source for the data below.
+# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (4th edition),
+# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1995).
+#
+# Gwillim Law <LAW@encmail.encompass.com> writes that a good source
+# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
+# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
+# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
+# of the IATA's data after 1990.
+#
+# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1990,
+# and IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
#
# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
@@ -16,48 +24,51 @@
#
# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
-# The starred Russian names are dubious. Corrections are welcome!
+# Corrections are welcome!
# std dst
# LMT Local Mean Time
-# LST Local Star Time (Russian ``mestnoe zvezdnoe vremya'')
# -4:00 AST Atlantic
-# -3:00 WGT+DST Western Greenland*
-# -2:00 MGT+DST Middle Greenland*
-# -1:00 EGT+DST Eastern Greenland*
-# -1:00 ACT+DST Azores and Canaries*
-# -1:00 IST IDT Iceland (no longer used)*
+# -3:00 WGT WGST Western Greenland*
+# -1:00 EGT EGST Eastern Greenland*
# 0:00 GMT BST Greenwich, British Summer
-# 0:00 WET+DST Western Europe
-# 1:00 MET+DST Middle Europe
-# 2:00 EET+DST Eastern Europe
+# 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer
+# 0:00 WET WEST Western Europe
+# 1:00 CET CEST Central Europe
+# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe
# 3:00 MSK MSD Moscow
-# 3:00 TUR+DST Turkey (no longer used)*
-# 4:00 KSK KSD Kuybyshev*
-# 5:00 ESK ESD Yekaterinburg*
-# 6:00 OSK OSD Omsk*
-# 6:00 NSK NSD Novosibirsk (was 7:00 until 1994)
-# 7:00 TSK TSD Tomsk*
-# 8:00 ISK ISD Irkutsk*
-# 9:00 YSK YSD Yakutsk*
-# 10:00 VSK VSD Vladivostok*
-# 11:00 GSK GSD Magadan*
-# 12:00 PSK PSD Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski*
-# 13:00 ASK ASD Anadyr*
-#
-# See the `africa' file for Zone naming conventions.
#
# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones, especially in Britain,
# is Derek Howse, Greenwich time and the discovery of the longitude,
# Oxford University Press (1980).
-# From Andrew A. Chernov <ache@astral.msk.su> (November 12, 1993):
-# LST is Local Star Time (``mestnoe zvezdnoe vremya'').
+# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-12-04),
+# The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy,
+# Luxembourg, the Netherlands.
+# Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom.
+# Plus, from 1 Jan 81: Greece.
+# Plus, from 1 Jan 86: Spain, Portugal.
+# Plus, from 1 Jan 95: Austria, Finland, Sweden. (Norway negotiated terms for
+# entry but in a referendum on 28 Nov 94 the people voted No by 52.2% to 47.8%
+# on a turnout of 88.6%. This was almost the same result as Norway's previous
+# referendum in 1972, they are the only country to have said No twice.
+# Referendums in the other three countries voted Yes.)
+# ...
+# Estonia ... uses EU dates but not at 01:00 GMT, they use midnight GMT.
+# I don't think they know yet what they will do from 1996 onwards.
+# ...
+# There shouldn't be any [current members who are not using EU rules].
+# A Directive has the force of law, member states are obliged to enact
+# national law to implement it. The only contentious issue was the
+# different end date for the UK and Ireland, and this was always allowed
+# in the Directive.
+
###############################################################################
-# United Kingdom
+# Britain (United Kingdom) and Ireland (Eire)
+# The UK and its colonies adopted the Gregorian calendar on 1752-09-14.
-# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (July 6, 1994):
+# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-07-06):
#
# On 17 Jan 1994 the Independent, a UK quality newspaper, had a piece about
# historical vistas along the Thames in west London. There was a photo
@@ -65,7 +76,7 @@
# of the text said:
#
# `An old stone obelisk marking a forgotten terrestrial meridian stands
-# beside the river at Kew. In the 18th century, before time and longditude
+# beside the river at Kew. In the 18th century, before time and longitude
# was standardised by the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, scholars observed
# this stone and the movement of stars from Kew Observatory nearby. They
# made their calculations and set the time for the Horse Guards and Parliament,
@@ -73,12 +84,12 @@
# along the towpath within a few yards of it.'
#
# I have a one inch to one mile map of London and my estimate of the stone's
-# position is 51 deg. 28' 30" N, 0 deg. 18' 45" W. The longditude should
+# position is 51 deg. 28' 30" N, 0 deg. 18' 45" W. The longitude should
# be within about +-2". The Ordnance Survey grid reference is TQ172761.
#
# [This yields GMTOFF = -0:01:15 for London LMT in the 18th century.]
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993):
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1993-11-18):
#
# Howse writes that Britain was the first country to use standard time.
# The railways cared most about the inconsistencies of local mean time,
@@ -104,7 +115,22 @@
# transition date for London, namely 1847 Sep 22. We don't know as much
# about Dublin, so we use 1880 Aug 2, the legal transition time.
-# From Arthur David Olson (January 19, 1989):
+# From Paul Eggert (1996-06-12):
+# Summer Time was first seriously proposed by William Willett (1857-1915),
+# a London builder who circulated a pamphlet ``Waste of Daylight'' (1907)
+# that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April,
+# and retarding them by the same amount on four Sundays in September.
+# A bill was drafted in 1909 and introduced in Parliament several times,
+# but it met with ridicule and opposition, especially from farming interests.
+# One-hour Summer Time was eventually adopted as a wartime measure in 1916.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
+# The OED Supplement says that the English originally said ``Daylight Saving''
+# when they were debating the adoption of DST in 1908; but by 1916 this
+# term appears only in quotes taken from DST's opponents, whereas the
+# proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using ``Summer''.
+
+# From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-19):
#
# A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's
# known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom.
@@ -115,487 +141,574 @@
# If you can predict what Parliament will do, you should be in
# politics making a fortune, not computing.
-# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (September 3, 1993):
-#
-# I have some more up to date info.
-#
-# Our Government...couldn't...make a decision after the 1989 consultation
-# exercise about the UK changing its timezone so it just let things drift
-# (different from deciding to keep the status quo). According to the
-# Summer Time Order 1992 (SI 1992/1729) the dates of Summer Time for 1993
-# and 1994 are:
-# Start End
-# 1993 28 March 24 October
-# 1994 27 March 23 October
-# All start and end times are at 01:00 GMT.
-#
-# There [was] an error in your tables for the start and end times prior to 1981.
-# The UK always used to change at 02:00 GMT. In 1981 it changed to 01:00 GMT
-# as a part of EC harmonisation and has remained at that time since.
-#
-# I have found the default algorithm for UK Summer Time, it is in the
-# Summer Time Act 1972. Section 1 states that in the absence of an Order
-# in Council Summer Time starts at 02:00 GMT on the morning of the day
-# after the third Saturday in March, unless that day is Easter Day, in
-# which case it is the morning of the day after the second Saturday.
-# It ends at 02:00 GMT on the morning of the day after the fourth Saturday
-# in October. (All the redundant `morning of the day ...' is in the Act.)
-# This is only of passing interest now as it will always be overridden by
-# an Order in Council (a Statutary Instrument, the SI thing mentioned above)
-# to specify the EC specified dates.
-
-# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (October 18, 1993):
-#
-# My contact in the Ministry of Defence Public Relations department
-# accepted the challenge of looking into this and produced the following,
-# from Hansard (the official record of the UK Parliament), Oral Answers,
-# 1 March 1945, cols 1559--60:
-#
-# `58. Major Sir Goronwy Owen asked the Secretary of State for the Home
-# Department if he is now able to state the Government's proposals
-# regarding double summer time.
-#
-# [two other similar questions omitted]
-#
-# Mr. H. Morrison: The Government, in reviewing the matter, have
-# considered, [...] the conclusion has been reached that the adoption of
-# double summer time from the beginning of April is essential to the
-# maintenance of the war effort. [...] As 1st April is Easter Sunday,
-# when very early services are held in many churches, it is proposed that
-# double summer time shall start not in the night preceding Easter
-# Sunday, but in the night of Sunday- Monday so that it will operate from
-# Monday, 2nd April.'
-
-# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (September 3, 1993):
-#
-# > # Current rules
-# > Rule GB-Eire 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 BST
-# > Rule GB-Eire 1981 max - Oct Sun>=23 1:00s 0 GMT
-#
-# The ending rule here doesn't match the EC rules, which specify the fourth
-# Sunday in October for the UK and Eire. The `fourth Sunday' rule wasn't
-# followed in 1989, but then the sixth EC directive wasn't in force then
-# and I don't know what previous ones said. 1995 is the next year with
-# the 4th Sun on 22 Oct, but that year isn't covered by the UK Summer Time
-# Order or the sixth EC directive. Your Oct Sun>=23 rule matches history
-# and with things only announced for 2 years or so in advance who knows
-# what will happen.
-#
-# There are renewed rumours that the Government here will make another
-# attempt at resolving this issue, which is what prompted me to start
-# asking the Home Office and the EC about it again. The EC categorically
-# state they are not asking anybody to change timezone, they only want
-# common start/end dates. The UK Govt. seem to want to change our zone
-# and blame the resulting fuss on the EC. Me, I think we should scrap
-# summer time completely, noon is when the Sun is overhead, and that should
-# be the end of it.
-
-# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (October 22, 1993):
-#
-# I now have the text of the Summer Time Act 1916, the granddaddy of them all.
-# It is headed: `An Act to provide for the Time in Great Britain and Ireland
-# being in advance of Greenwich and Dublin mean time respectively in the
-# summer months'.
-#
-# It specifies 21 May and 1 October for 1916 (both at 02:00 GMT) and whatever
-# dates an Order in Council may specify for subsequent years.
-#
-# Section 4 states: `This act shall apply to Ireland in like manner as it
-# applies to Great Britain, with the substitution however of references
-# to Dublin mean time for references to Greenwich mean time.'
-#
-# Lorna, my learned legal friend who supplied it, also offers this quote
-# from Halsbury's Statutes on the extent of Acts:
-#
-# `An Act of the United Kingdom Parliament is to be construed prima facie
-# to apply to the whole of the United Kingdom and not to any place outside.
-# [...] The expression "United Kingdom" for this purpose includes (since
-# 1922) Great Britain (ie. England, Wales and Scotland) and Northern Ireland,
-# but it does not include the Channel Islands or the Isle of Man.'
-#
-# She goes on to say the seminal event of 1922 was the establishment of
-# the Irish Free State, now called Eire.
-#
-# The Act doesn't say anything about Wales (or Scotland) so I would assert
-# that Shanks is wrong here. I would like to know why he thinks Wales
-# was different.
-#
-# It also confirms the fact that Ireland followed Dublin time back then,
-# and 25 minutes behind Greenwich, as Shanks has it, would be correct.
-
-# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (October 28, 1993):
-#
-# I now have before me, thanks to my learned legal friend Lorna, the text of
-# the Time (Ireland) Act 1916.
-#
-# It says that as from 2 AM Dublin Mean Time on 1 October 1916 the time
-# for general purposes in Ireland shall be the same as the rest of Great
-# Britain (ie. GMT with the Summer Time periods specified by the Summer Time
-# Act 1916).... As Ireland was behind GMT/BST at 02:00 DMT on 1 Oct GB would
-# have already put the clocks back. Using DST as Dublin Summer Time the
-# sequence would have been:
-# Dublin London
-# 02:34 DST 02:59 BST
-# 02:35 DST 02:00 GMT
-# 02:59 DST 02:24 GMT
-# 02:25 GMT 02:25 GMT
-# with the transition 03:00 DST -> 02:00 DMT -> 02:25 GMT all at once.
-#
-# In a table of repeals in the Schedule to the Act it mentions the
-# Statutes (Definition of Time) Act 1880. This is presumably the source
-# of the 1880 date in Shanks. The little bit of it that is repealed
-# also refers solely to Ireland and Dublin Mean Time.
-
-# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (October 29, 1993):
-#
-# My case is that, with the sole exception of Ireland in 1916 using Dublin
-# Mean Time, Summer Time has been uniform throughout the United Kingdom
-# ever since it first started in 1916.
-#
-# The United Kingdom is England, Wales and Scotland plus all of Ireland from
-# 1916 up to and including 1921, or plus Northern Ireland from 1922 to date.
-#
-# The dates used are those specified in the table in Summer Time: A Consultation
-# Document (Cm 722, 1989) that are now included in the europe file, with a
-# change to a single date, the start in 1924. I made a typo in my 1989 mail
-# and the table itself is also wrong. The correct date is 13 April.
-# The times were 02:00 GMT up to and including 1980, 01:00 GMT from 1981 on,
-# except for wartime double summer time.
-#
-# As evidence I would cite:
-#
-# - The Summer Time Act, 1916.
+# From Chris Carrier <72157.3334@CompuServe.COM> (1996-06-14):
+# I remember reading in various wartime issues of the London Times the
+# acronym BDST for British Double Summer Time. Look for the published
+# time of sunrise and sunset in The Times, when BDST was in effect, and
+# if you find a zone reference it will say, "All times B.D.S.T."
+
+# From Peter Ilieve <peter@aldie.co.uk> (1998-04-19):
+# The following list attempts to show the complete history of Summer Time
+# legislation in the United Kingdom, and has quite a bit to say about
+# the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands as well.
+#
+# Things that I have not personally seen are marked (???). Things that
+# I haven't seen but Joseph Myers has are marked (jsm). The problem
+# with finding old Orders (rather than Acts) is that nobody seems to
+# keep the actual documents themselves, not even the Government. They
+# get bound into annual volumes, which are published, but by the time
+# this happens the Orders are mainly spent as the years they refer
+# to have come and gone, so they don't get included in the annual
+# volumes.
+#
+# Thanks are due to my learned legal friend Lorna Montgomerie, who dug out
+# the dusty old statutes, to Melanie Allison of the Ministry of Defence,
+# who provided the wartime regulations and a snippet of Hansard explaining
+# why double summer time started on a Monday in 1945 (it was Easter),
+# and to Joseph Myers <jsm28@cam.ac.uk>, who tracked down the Orders
+# up to 1945, some of the old Acts, and the first five EC Directives.
+#
+# Some definitions:
+#
+# Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wales
+# United Kingdom: Great Britain plus Ireland (up to 1922) or Northern
+# Ireland (since 1922)
+# S.I.: Statutory Instrument, the modern name for secondary legislation
+# S.R.&O.: Statutory Rules and Orders, the older name for secondary legislation
+#
+# Unless otherwise specified, Acts and secondary legislation are assumed
+# to apply throughout the United Kingdom, but not to the Isle of Man
+# or the Channel Islands.
+#
+# Some of the Acts and Orders I found in various libraries, and I don't
+# have copies. When I looked at them I was looking for dates and not things
+# like whether they applied to the Bailiwick of Jersey. I will try to
+# check these documents again.
+#
+# ---
+#
+# - The Statutes (Definition of Time) Act, 1880 (43 & 44 Vict. c. 9)
+#
+# Defined Greenwich mean time to be the standard time in Great Britain
+# and Dublin mean time to be the standard time in Ireland, superseding
+# various forms of local mean time.
+#
+# - The Statutory Time Act, 1883 (???)
+#
+# An Act of Tynwald, the Isle of Man Parliament. It appears to have
+# defined the standard time on the Isle of Man as GMT but as I haven't
+# seen it I don't know if it used Greenwich mean time, some other definition,
+# or just said that Isle of Man time would be the same as in Great Britain.
+#
+# - The Isle of Man (War Legislation) Act, 1914 (4 & 5 Geo. 5. c. 62)
+#
+# Gives the power, by Order in Council, to extend wartime legislation
+# to the Isle of Man.
+#
+# - The Summer Time Act, 1916 (6 & 7 Geo. 5. c. 14)
+#
+# Introduced Summer Time for the first time, in Great Britain and Ireland.
+# Specified a one hour offset from GMT (DMT in Ireland), dates of
+# Sunday 21 May and Sunday 1 October and times of 02:00 (GMT/DMT).
+# Gave a power to make Orders in subsequent years, for the duration
+# of the then current war.
+#
+# - The Time (Ireland) Act, 1916 (6 & 7 Geo. 5. c. 45)
+#
+# This abolished Dublin mean time at 02:00 DMT on Sunday 1 October 1916,
+# bringing the whole of the United Kingdom onto GMT. As Ireland was behind
+# GMT/BST at 02:00 DMT on 1 Oct Great Britain had already put the clocks back.
+# Using Paul Eggert's suggestion of IST for Irish Summer Time and the figure
+# derived from Whitman for the offset of IST from GMT (00:34:39) the sequence
+# would have been:
+# Dublin London
+# 02:34:38 IST 02:59:59 BST
+# 02:34:39 IST 02:00:00 GMT
+# 02:59:59 IST 02:25:20 GMT
+# 02:25:21 GMT 02:25:21 GMT
+# with the transition 03:00:00 IST -> 02:00:00 DMT -> 02:25:21 GMT all at once.
+#
+# - S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382
+#
+# An Order made under the Isle of Man (War Legislation) Act, 1914
+# extending the Summer Time Act, 1916 to the Isle of Man. Dated
+# 23 May 1916, two days after the start of Summer Time, but it says that
+# the Act is deemed to have taken effect in the Isle of Man at the same
+# time as it took effect in the United Kingdom.
+#
+# - S.R.&O. 1917, No. 362
+#
+# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1916 giving dates
+# for Summer Time in 1917 of Sunday 8 April to Monday 17 September,
+# both at 02:00 GMT. Note that Summer Time ends on a Monday.
+#
+# - S.R.&O. 1917, No. 358
+#
+# An Order made under the Summer Time (Isle of Man) Act, 1916
+# (the thing created by S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382) specifying the same
+# dates of 8 April to 17 September, at 02:00 GMT for the Isle of Man.
+#
+# - S.R.&O. 1918, No. 274
+#
+# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1916 giving dates
+# for Summer Time in 1918 of Sunday 24 March to Monday 30 September,
+# both at 02:00 GMT.
+#
+# - S.R.&O. 1918, No. 429
+#
+# The matching Isle of Man Order for 1918 with the same dates and times.
+#
+# - The Termination of the Present War (Definition) Act, 1918
+# (8 & 9 Geo. 5. c. 59)
+#
+# This gave power to specify a legal end date for the war just ended,
+# which would affect things like the Summer Time Act, 1916, which applied
+# only in wartime. This date was to be close to the date of formal
+# ratification of the treaty or treaties of peace.
+#
+# - S.R.&O. 1919, No. 297
+#
+# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1916 giving dates
+# for Summer Time in 1919 of Sunday 30 March to Monday 29 September,
+# both at 02:00 GMT.
+#
+# - S.R.&O. 1919, No. 366
+#
+# The matching Isle of Man Order for 1919 with the same dates and times.
+#
+# - S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458
+#
+# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1916 giving dates
+# for Summer Time in 1920 of Sunday 28 March to Monday 27 September,
+# both at 02:00 GMT.
+#
+# - S.R.&O. 1920, No. 573
+#
+# The matching Isle of Man Order for 1920 with the same dates and times.
#
-# This specifically states that it applies to Ireland, specifies dates of
-# 21 May and 1 October and times of 02:00, and says that in Ireland the
-# times relate to Dublin mean time. It specifies an offset of 1 hour.
-#
-# - The Time (Ireland) Act, 1916
-#
-# This abolishes Dublin mean time on 02:00 DMT 1 October 1916.
-# It repeals that section of the Statutes (Definition of Time) Act, 1880
-# that specifies DMT. It is therefore a safe bet that DMT existed at least
-# from 1880 and was the only alternative standard time in the UK.
+# - S.R.&O. 1920, No. 1844
#
-# - The Summer Time Act, 1922
+# An Order modifying both S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458 and S.R.&O. 1920, No. 573 to
+# change the end date for Summer Time from Monday 27 September to
+# Monday 25 October (the time remaining 02:00 GMT). The 1989 Green
+# Paper (Cm 722) says this was done because of a coal strike.
+#
+# - The War Emergency Laws (Continuance) Act, 1920 (10 Geo. 5. c. 5)
+#
+# This extends the power to make Orders under the Summer Time Act, 1916
+# for a period of 12 months after the termination of the war.
+# Came into force on 31 March 1920. Although the war had been over for more
+# than 12 months by then the legal end date had not yet been set.
+#
+# - S.R.&O. 1921, No. 363
+#
+# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1916 and the War
+# Emergency Laws (Continuance) Act, 1920 giving dates for Summer Time
+# in 1921 of Sunday 3 April to Monday 3 October, both at 02:00 GMT.
+#
+# - S.R.&O. 1921, No. 364
+#
+# The matching Isle of Man Order for 1921 with the same dates and times.
+#
+# - S.R.&O. 1922, No. 264
+#
+# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1916 and the War
+# Emergency Laws (Continuance) Act, 1920 giving dates for Summer Time
+# in 1921 of Sunday 26 March to Sunday 8 October, both at 02:00 GMT.
+# It also mentions the arrangements for defining the legal end date
+# for the late war. An Order was made on 10 August 1921, under the
+# Termination of the Present War (Definition) Act, 1918, setting
+# a date of 31 August 1921. This means the powers of the Summer Time
+# Act, 1916 would finally expire on 31 August 1922.
+#
+# - S.R.&O. 1922, No. 290 (???)
+#
+# This is probably the matching Isle of Man Order.
+#
+# - The Summer Time Act, 1922 (12 & 13 Geo. 5. c. 22)
#
# This specifies an offset of 1 hour and dates of the day after the third
# Saturday in April, unless that be Easter, in which case it is the day after
# the second Saturday, and the day after the third Saturday in September.
# The time is 02:00 GMT. It applied in 1922 and 1923, and longer if Parliament
-# so approved.
+# so approved. It applied to the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands as well.
+# Came into Force on 20 July 1920. Note the reversion to ending on a Sunday.
#
-# It specifically states that it applies to Northern Ireland, the Channel
-# Islands, and the Isle of Man.
+# - S.R.&O. 1922, No. 1205
#
-# - The Summer Time Act, 1925
+# An Order made under the War Emergency Laws (Continuance) Act, 1920
+# dated 13 October 1922. It revokes (among other things) the Order extending
+# the Summer Time Act, 1916 to the Isle of Man.
+#
+# - The Expiring Laws Continuance Act, 1923 (13 & 14 Geo. 5. c. 37)
+#
+# This extended the Summer Time Act, 1922 (among other things) until
+# 31 December 1924.
+#
+# - The Expiring Laws Continuance Act, 1924 (15 Geo. 5. c. 1) (jsm)
+#
+# This further extended the Summer Time Act, 1922 (among other things) until
+# 31 December 1925.
+#
+# - The Time Act (Northern Ireland), 1924 (14 & 15 Geo. 5. c. 24 (N.I.))
+#
+# This Act says that while it remains in force, any Act or Order relating
+# to the time for general purposes in Great Britain shall also apply
+# in Northern Ireland, and the Time (Ireland) Act, 1916 shall have effect
+# accordingly.
+#
+# - The Summer Time Act, 1925 (15 & 16 Geo. 5. c. 64)
#
# This makes the 1922 Act permanent, with a change to the end date to the
-# day after the first Saturday in October. It says nothing about extent,
-# so that part of the 1922 Act will still apply.
+# day after the first Saturday in October. Came into force on 7 August 1925.
+#
+# - The Emergency Powers (Defence) Act, 1939 (2 & 3 Geo. 6. c. 62) (???)
+#
+# I haven't seen this one. It presumably gave the Government powers to
+# do all manner of things during the newly started war.
#
-# - The Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939, SR&O 1939 No. 1379
-# [SR&O == Statutary Regulation and Order]
+# - The Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939, S.R.&O. 1939, No. 1379
#
# These were made under the Emergency Powers (Defence) Act, 1939.
-# It changes the end date to be the day after the third Saturday in November.
-# It makes consequential changes to some vehicle lighting legislation,
-# which includes the Motor Vehicles and Road Traffic (Northern Ireland) Act,
-# 1934, so it seems clear it applies in Northern Ireland.
+# They change the end date to be the day after the third Saturday in November.
+#
+# - S.R.&O. 1940, No. 172
+#
+# An Order in Council amending the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939.
+# It changed the start date to the day after the fourth Saturday in February
+# (ie. 25 Feb 1940).
#
-# - An Order in Council amending the The Defence (Summer Time) Regulations,
-# 1939, SR&O 1940 No. 1883
+# - S.R.&O. 1940, No. 1883
#
+# Another Order amending the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939.
# This continues summer time throughout the year after it starts in 1940.
-# It says nothing about extent and has no consequential changes.
#
-# - An Order in Council amending the The Defence (Summer Time) Regulations,
-# 1939, SR&O 1941 No. 476
+# - S.R.&O. 1941, No. 476
#
+# Another Order amending the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939.
# This introduces double summer time, starting at 01:00 GMT on the day after
# the first Saturday in May and ending at 01:00 GMT on the day after the
# second Saturday in August, offset another hour from normal summer time,
-# which continues throughout the rest of the year. It goes on a lot about
-# consequential changes to agricultural wages legislation, and says in part
-# `... and in its application to Northern Ireland have effect as
-# if for the references to the Agricultural Wages (Regulation) Acts, 1924 and
-# 1940, there were substituted references to the Agricultural Wages (Regulation)
-# Acts (Northern Ireland), 1939 and 1940, ...'. It also has a similar section
-# for Scotland. Both sections substitute the local Agricultural Wages Board
-# for the Agricultural Wages Board for England and Wales, showing that
-# England and Wales were indivisible.
+# which continues throughout the rest of the year.
#
-# - An Order in Council amending the The Defence (Summer Time) Regulations,
-# 1939, SR&O 1942 No. 506
+# - S.R.&O. 1942, No. 506
#
-# This changes the start date of double summer time to the day after the first
-# Saturday in April. It says nothing about extent.
+# Another Order amending the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939.
+# This changes the start date of Double Summer Time to the day after the first
+# Saturday in April, bringing it forward from May.
#
-# - An Order in Council amending the The Defence (Summer Time) Regulations,
-# 1939, SR&O 1944 No. 932
+# - S.R.&O. 1944, No. 932
#
-# This changed the end date of double summer time to 17 September 1944.
-# (I don't have the text of this, just a note of what it did, the text almost
-# certainly had the `day after the nth Saturday' form.)
+# Another Order amending the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939.
+# This changed the end date of Double Summer Time to the day after the
+# third Saturday in September (ie. 17 September 1944).
#
-# (I am missing whatever regulations there were to change things in 1945
-# and the Summer Time Act, 1947.)
+# - S.R.&O. 1945, No. 312
#
-# - The British Standard Time Act, 1968
+# Another Order amending the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939.
+# This changes the start and end dates of Double Summer Time to the
+# day after the first Sunday in April and the day after the second Saturday
+# in July (ie. Mon 2 April to Sun 15 July).
#
-# This came into force on 27 October 1968 and continued summer time throughout
-# the year as an experiment until it expired on 31 October 1971.
-# There was no double summer time so we didn't have to change the clocks at all.
-# It specifically said it applied to Northern Ireland. It also said it
-# applied to Jersey, Guernsey and the Isle of Man unless they passed
-# measures saying it didn't.
+# I have this quote from Hansard (the official record of the United Kingdom
+# Parliament), Oral Answers, 1 March 1945, cols 1559--60, explaining the
+# unusual start on a Monday:
+#
+# `58. Major Sir Goronwy Owen asked the Secretary of State for the Home
+# Department if he is now able to state the Government's proposals
+# regarding double summer time.
+#
+# [two other similar questions omitted]
+#
+# Mr. H. Morrison: The Government, in reviewing the matter, have
+# considered, [...] the conclusion has been reached that the adoption of
+# double summer time from the beginning of April is essential to the
+# maintenance of the war effort. [...] As 1st April is Easter Sunday,
+# when very early services are held in many churches, it is proposed that
+# double summer time shall start not in the night preceding Easter
+# Sunday, but in the night of Sunday-Monday so that it will operate from
+# Monday, 2nd April.'
+#
+# - S.R.&O. 1945, No. 1208
+#
+# An Order under the Emergency Powers (Defence) Acts, 1939 and 1940 revoking
+# a long list of things, including the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939.
+# This meant that Summer Time reverted to being set by the 1922 and 1925 Acts.
+# It was made on 28 September, early enough to end Summer Time on the
+# date defined by the 1925 Act: 7 October.
+#
+# - The Summer Time Act, 1947 (10 & 11 Geo. 6. c. 16)
+#
+# Came into force on 11 March 1947. Amended the Summer Time Acts, 1922 and
+# 1925 to change the dates of Summer Time and to introduce Double Summer Time
+# (although it doesn't give this, or any, name for this period of 2 hour
+# offset from GMT). Dates are given for 1947 only and are: 02:00 GMT Sunday
+# 16 March, 01:00 GMT Sunday 13 April, 01:00 GMT Sunday 10 August, and 02:00
+# Sunday 2 November. It gave a power to make Orders for subsequent years,
+# both to vary the dates and to continue Double Summer Time. It applied
+# to the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands.
+#
+# - Summer Time Order, 1948 (S.I. 1948/495)
+#
+# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1947. Gave dates for 1948 of
+# 14 March and 31 October, both at 02:00 GMT.
+#
+# Although the 1947 Act had legislated for Double Summer Time, this was
+# not continued after 1947.
+#
+# - Summer Time Order, 1949 (S.I. 1949/373)
+#
+# Another Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1947. Gave dates for 1949
+# of 3 April and 30 October, both at 02:00 GMT.
+#
+# - Summer Time Order, 1950 (S.I. 1950/518)
+#
+# Another Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1947. Gave dates for 1950
+# of 16 April and 22 October, both at 02:00 GMT.
+#
+# - Summer Time Order, 1951 (S.I. 1951/430)
+#
+# Another Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1947. Gave dates for 1951
+# of 15 April and 21 October, both at 02:00 GMT.
+#
+# - Summer Time Order, 1952 (S.I. 1952/451)
+#
+# Another Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1947. Gave dates for 1952
+# of 20 April and 26 October, both at 02:00 GMT.
+#
+# This is the last of this run of Orders, so for 1953 things reverted
+# to the 1922 and 1925 Acts.
+#
+# - The Interpretation Act (Northern Ireland), 1954 (1954 c. 33 (N.I.)) (???)
+#
+# I presume that section 39 of this Act is similar to section 9 of the
+# Interpretation Act, 1978 (listed below) in specifying GMT as the
+# legal time in Northern Ireland, replacing the Time (Ireland) Act, 1916.
#
-# - The Manx Time Act, 1968
+# - Summer Time Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/71)
+#
+# Specified dates of 26 March and 29 October (02:00 GMT) for 1961
+#
+# - Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/2465)
+#
+# Specified dates of 25 March to 28 October (02:00 GMT) for 1962.
+#
+# - Summer Time Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/81)
+#
+# Specified dates of 31 March to 27 October (02:00 GMT) for 1963.
+#
+# - Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/2101)
+#
+# Specified dates of 22 March to 25 October (02:00 GMT) for 1964.
+#
+# - Summer Time Order, 1964 (S.I. 1964/1201)
+#
+# Specified dates for three years (all 02:00 GMT):
+# 1965: 21 March to 24 October
+# 1966: 20 March to 23 October
+# 1967: 19 March to 29 October
+#
+# - Summer Time Order, 1967 (S.I. 1967/1148)
+# - Summer Time Order, 1968 (S.I. 1968/117)
+#
+# The first of these specifies dates for 1968 of 18 February for the United
+# Kingdom but 7 April for the Isle of Man, both ending on 27 October,
+# all at 02:00 GMT. The second Order changes the Isle of Man start date
+# to 18 February to match the United Kingdom.
+#
+# - The British Standard Time Act 1968 (1968 c. 45)
+#
+# This came into force on 27 October 1968 and continued summer time throughout
+# the year. It expired at 02:00 GMT on 31 October 1971, as specified in the
+# Act, as Parliament did not move to make this experment permanent.
+# It applied to the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands.
+#
+# Interestingly, it says baldly `This Act shall come into force on
+# 27 October 1968', without giving a time. As S1 of the Act merely
+# stated that `The time for general purposes in the United Kingdom
+# (to be known as British standard time) shall be one hour in
+# advance of Greenwich mean time throughout the year; ...' you could
+# possibly argue that the start time of BStandardT was 00:00 1968-10-27,
+# especially as the Act repealed the Summer Time Acts 1916--1947 in toto,
+# thereby destroying the authority of the Summer Time Order specifying
+# summer time in 1968.
+#
+# - The Manx Time Act 1968
#
# This is an Act of Tynwald (the Isle of Man Parliament) that said that
# henceforth Manx time would be the same as the time in Great Britain.
#
-# - The Summer Time Act, 1972
+# - The Summer Time Act 1972 (1972 c. 6)
#
-# This specified a reversion to normal summer time behaviour with a start
+# This specified a reversion to normal Summer Time behaviour with a start
# date of the day after the third Saturday in March, unless that is Easter,
# when it is the day after the second Saturday, and an end date of the day
# after the fourth Saturday in October. Times are at 02:00 GMT, offset is
-# 1 hour.
+# 1 hour. It gives the power to make Orders to vary these dates and
+# times. This Act is still in force and is the legal authority for
+# implementing the EC Directives in the United Kingdom.
+#
+# - The Interpretation Act 1978 (1978 c. 30)
#
-# It has the same wording about extent as the British Standard Time Act, 1968,
-# applying to Northern Ireland unconditionally and to Jersey, Guernsey and the
-# Isle of Man if they don't do something about it.
+# Section 9 of this Act replaces section 1 of the Statutes (Definition of
+# Time) Act, 1880 with very similar wording maintaining GMT as the legal
+# time in Great Britain. This does not apply in Northern Ireland (it
+# has its own Interpretation Act listed above).
#
-# (I am missing various Summer Time Orders that modified the 1972 Act to
-# harmonise with the EC since 1981. The major change is that the time changes
-# to 01:00 GMT.)
+# - Council Directive of 22 July 1980 on summertime arrangements (80/737/EEC)
#
-# - The Summer Time Order, 1992, SI 1992/1729 [SI == Statutary Instrument]
+# The first of the European Directives on Summer Time. It specified start
+# dates for 1981 and 1982. No agreement had been reached on end dates.
+# Only dates were given, there was no rule like `last Sunday in March'.
+# The main change for the United Kingdom was a move to a 01:00 GMT change
+# time. The dates:
+# 1981: 29 March
+# 1982: 28 March
#
-# This specifies dates of:
-# Start End
-# 1993 28 March 24 October
-# 1994 27 March 23 October
-# All start and end times are at 01:00 GMT.
-# This is as far as it goes at present. A new EC directive is expected soon
-# and this will lead to a new Summer Time Order implementing it in the UK.
+# - Summer Time Order, 1980 (S.I. 1980/1089)
#
-# - Some text on the extent of Acts, from Halsbury's Statutes
+# Specified dates for 1981 and 1982, with the start dates as in the
+# EC Directive and all times 01:00 GMT:
+# 1981: 29 March to 25 October
+# 1982: 28 March to 24 October
+#
+# - Second Council Directive of 10 June 1982 on summertime arrangements
+# (82/399/EEC)
+#
+# The next European Directive. Specified dates for three years, 1983 to 1985.
+# Agreement still hadn't been reached on a common end date, and wouldn't
+# be until 1994 with the appeareance of the seventh Directive with a common
+# date for 1996 and beyond, but this time the Directive gave two sets of
+# end dates. The start date was specified by rule: the last Sunday in March.
+# All times were 01:00 GMT. The end dates were given without rule, as:
+# 1983: 25 September or 23 October
+# 1984: 30 September or 28 october
+# 1985: 29 September or 27 October
+#
+# - Summer Time Order, 1982 (S.I. 1982/1673)
+#
+# Implemented the second EC Directive, using the October end dates.
+# 1983: 27 March to 23 October
+# 1984: 25 March to 28 october
+# 1985: 31 March to 27 October
+#
+# - Third Council Directive of 12 December 1984 on summertime arrangements
+# (84/634/EEC)
+#
+# Specified start dates of the last Sunday in March and two sets of end
+# dates, last Sunday in September and fourth Sunday in October, all at
+# 01:00 GMT. The end dates were also specified as dates:
+# 1986: 28 September or 26 October
+# 1987: 27 September or 25 October
+# 1988: 25 September or 23 October
+#
+# - Summer Time Order, 1986 (S.I. 1986/223)
+#
+# Implemented the third EC Directive, using the October end dates.
+# 1986: 30 March to 26 October
+# 1987: 29 March to 25 October
+# 1988: 27 March to 23 October
+#
+# - Council Directive of 20 December 1985 amending Directive 84/634/EEC
+# on summertime arrangements (85/582/EEC)
+#
+# This was to do with the accession of Spain and Portugal to the EEC.
+# The previous directve had used wording like `Member States belonging
+# to the zero (Greenwich) time zone' when refering to the different
+# sets of end dates. Portugal was in that time zone but was not going
+# to follow the United Kingdom and Ireland dates, so the text was reworded
+# without any change to the dates themselves.
+#
+# - Fourth Council Directive of 22 December 1987 on summertime arrangements
+# (88/14/EEC)
+#
+# This Directive covered only a single year: 1989. My guess is that
+# this was because 1989 was one of the years when the historic United Kingdom
+# end date of the Sunday after the fourth Saturday in October differed from
+# the rule in the previous Directive of the fourth Sunday in October.
+# All times are 01:00 GMT. No rule was specified, specific dates were given:
+# 1989: 26 March to 24 September or 29 October
+#
+# - Summer Time Order, 1988 (S.I. 1988/931)
+#
+# Implemented the dates of 26 March to 29 October for 1989.
+#
+# - Fifth Council Directive of 21 December 1988 on summertime arrangements
+# (89/47/EEC)
+#
+# Covered the three years 1990 to 1992. All times are 01:00 GMT. Gave both
+# rules (last Sunday in March, last Sunday in September or fourth Sunday
+# in October) and specific dates:
+# 1990: 25 March to 30 September or 28 October
+# 1991: 31 March to 29 September or 27 October
+# 1992: 29 March to 27 September or 25 October
+#
+# - Summer Time Order, 1989 (S.I. 1989/985)
+#
+# Implemented the fifth Directive using the October end dates.
#
-# `An Act of the United Kingdom Parliament is to be construed prima facie
-# to apply to the whole of the United Kingdom and not to any place outside.
-# [...] The expression "United Kingdom" for this purpose includes (since
-# 1922) Great Britain (ie. England, Wales and Scotland) and Northern Ireland,
-# but it does not include the Channel Islands or the Isle of Man.'
+# - Sixth Council Directive 92/20/EEC of 26 March 1992 on summertime
+# arrangements
+#
+# Covered the two years 1993 and 1994. All times are 01:00 GMT. Specified
+# both rules (same as the fifth Directive) and specific dates:
+# 1993: 28 March to 26 September or 24 October
+# 1994: 27 March to 25 September or 23 October
#
-# So, many of these measures specifically include Northern Ireland,
-# the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man. None of them exclude any
-# part of the UK. The default interpretation of Acts is that they apply
-# throughout the UK.
+# - Summer Time Order, 1992 (S.I. 1992/1729)
+#
+# Implemented the sixth Directive using the October end dates.
+#
+# - Seventh Directive 94/21/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council
+# of 30 May 1994 on summer-time arrangements
+#
+# Covered the three years 1995 to 1997. Agreement had finally been reached
+# on a common end date, to start in 1996. Both rules and dates were given.
+# The rules were the same last Sunday in March to last Sunday in September
+# or fourth Sunday in October for 1995, with the end rule changing to the
+# last Sunday in October for 1996 and 1997. The year 1995 was another of
+# the tricky ones where the EC and traditional United Kingdom rules differed
+# but this time the UK changed on the fourth Sunday, 22 October, earlier
+# than usual. All times are 01:00 GMT. Specific dates were also given:
+# 1995: 26 March to 24 September or 22 October
+# 1996: 31 March to 27 October
+# 1997: 30 March to 26 October
+#
+# - Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798)
+#
+# Implements the seventh Directive using the October end date in 1995.
+# Applies also to the Bailiwick of Guernsey but not to the Bailiwick of
+# Jersey or the Isle of Man, which have their own (unspecified) legislation
+# on the subject.
#
-# With that, I rest my case Milud :-)
+# - Eighth Directive 97/44/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council
+# of 22 July 1997 on summer-time arrangements
#
-# Thanks are due to my learned legal friend Lorna Montgomerie, who dug out
-# the dusty old statutes, and to Melanie Allison of the Ministry of Defence,
-# who provided the wartime regulations and a snippet of Hansard explaining
-# why double summer time started on a Monday in 1945 (it was Easter).
-
-# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (November 18, 1993)
-#
-# Here is a revised version of my tabrules file for the perl script I sent
-# before. I have personally verified the various Orders back to 1953 and
-# all the Acts.
-#
-# There are no changes to the dates we already have.
-#
-# My doubt about an early start in 1967 on 18 Feb was misplaced, the Order
-# does say 18 Feb. This is an interesting case as the first Order gave a
-# different date of 7 April 1967 for the Isle of Man but this was changed
-# before it came into effect by another Order for the Isle of Man alone.
-#
-# I don't think I will be able to find any more of the earlier Orders.
-# The annual volumes for 1949--52 do not contain the various Summer Time
-# Orders. They therefore don't appear in the index. They rate a mention in
-# italics in the numerical list at the start but that is all.
-# I think what happens is that the annual volume is produced well after the
-# end of the year in question, by which time the Summer Time Order is spent.
-# They assume that nobody would ever be stupid enough to want to see it
-# again so they leave it out.
-#
-# It might be a good idea to put this table, or the output of tabscript
-# showing all the moves because of Easter, in the europe file comments in
-# place of my old transcription of the Green Paper table [the UK Government
-# paper "Summer Time: A Consultation Document" (HMSO Cm722 June 1989)].
-#
-# The next thing on the horizon is the 7th EC/EU directive and the matching
-# UK Order. I expect I will keep quiet until then.
-#
-#
-# Peter Ilieve peter@memex.co.uk
-#
-#
-# ## control file for tabscript, a program to generate UK summer time dates
-# ## matching the table in Cm 722, the 1989 Green Paper.
-# ## Lines like this are comments.
-# ## Lines with a single # at the start are copied into the output
-# ## Control lines are of the form
-# ## <years> <start date> <end date> <flags> <double start> <double end>
-# ## <years> is either a single year or a hyphen separated range, with --
-# ## also accepted as I use this in TeX a lot.
-# ## <start date> and <end date> are a digit followed bu a month name.
-# ## It is either an nth Saturday or an explicit date, depending on <flags>.
-# ## 0 and/or none are used when there is no date, as during 1968--71.
-# ## <flags> can contain `fixed' to indicate explicit dates and `double'
-# ## to indicate double summer time dates are present.
-# ## At present double requires fixed as well.
-# ## <double start> and <double end> are like the start and end dates, with
-# ## the exception of the 0 and/or none feature.
-#
-# ## Blank lines are also ignored.
-#
-# ## Places where I am uncertain, not having personally verified the dates
-# ## against the Act or Order, are marked ???
-# ## These dates are taken from the Cm 722 table.
-#
-# # Summer Time Act, 1916
-# 1916 21 May 1 October fixed
-#
-# ## I haven't yet looked for Orders for 1916--22 and I doubt I will find them.
-# # unknown Order or Orders ???
-# 1917 8 apr 17 sep fixed
-# 1918 24 mar 30 sep fixed
-# 1919 30 mar 29 sep fixed
-# # end date extended in 1920 from 27 Sep because of coal strike (from Cm 722)
-# 1920 28 mar 25 oct fixed
-# 1921 3 apr 3 oct fixed
-#
-# # Summer Time Act, 1922
-# # came into force 22 July 1922, too late for 1922, so missing Order ???
-# 1922 26 mar 8 oct fixed
-# 1923-1924 3 April 3 September
-#
-# # Summer Time Act, 1925
-# 1925--1938 3 April 1 October
-#
-# # Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939
-# 1939 3 April 3 November
-# # 1940 amendment (SR&O 1940 Nos. 172 & 1883)
-# 1940 4 feb 0 none
-# # 1941 amendment (SR&O 1941 No. 476)
-# 1941 0 none 0 none fixed,double 4 may 10 aug
-# # 1942 amendment (SR&O 1942 No. 506)
-# 1942 0 none 0 none fixed,double 5 apr 9 aug
-# 1943 0 none 0 none fixed,double 4 apr 15 aug
-# # 1944 amendment (SR&O 1944 No. 932)
-# 1944 0 none 0 none fixed,double 2 apr 17 sep
-# # 1945 dates from Hansard, Oral Answers, 1 March 1945
-# 1945 0 none 7 oct fixed,double 2 apr 15 jul
-#
-# # reversion to Summer Time Act, 1925
-# 1946 3 April 1 October
-#
-# # Summer Time Act, 1947
-# # Fixed dates for 1947 only, gives power to have double summer time
-# 1947 16 mar 2 nov fixed,double 13 apr 10 aug
-# ## I can't find any trace of the Order for 1948.
-# # Unknown Order ???
-# 1948 14 mar 31 oct fixed
-# ## I know the numbers for the 1949--52 ones but the text is missing from the
-# ## annual volumes. I also don't know if the 49 Order was for 49 or 50, etc.
-# # Summer Time Order, 1949 (SI1949/373) ???
-# 1949 3 apr 30 oct fixed
-# # Summer Time Order, 1950 (SI1950/518) ???
-# 1950 16 apr 22 oct fixed
-# # Summer Time Order, 1951 (SI1951/430) ???
-# 1951 15 apr 21 oct fixed
-# # Summer Time Order, 1952 (SI1952/451) ???
-# 1952 20 apr 26 oct fixed
-#
-# # reversion to Summer Time Act, 1925
-# 1953--1960 3 April 1 October
-#
-# ## All Orders from here on specify fixed dates, not day after nth Sunday
-# ## Start pattern looks like Mar lastSun up to 1963, Mar Sun>=19 up to 1967.
-# ## End pattern looks like Oct Sun>=23 up to 1967.
-# # Summer Time Order, 1961 (SI1961/71)
-# 1961 26 March 29 October fixed
-# # Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (SI1961/2465)
-# 1962 25 Mar 28 Oct fixed
-# # Summer Time Order, 1963 (SI1963/81)
-# 1963 31 March 27 October fixed
-# # Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (SI1963/2101)
-# 1964 22 March 25 October fixed
-# # Summer Time Order, 1964 (SI1964/1201)
-# 1965 21 Mar 24 Oct fixed
-# 1966 20 Mar 23 Oct fixed
-# 1967 19 Mar 29 Oct fixed
-# # Summer Time Order, 1967 (SI1967/1148)
-# # Specifies different start date of 7 April for Isle of Man
-# # Summer Time Order, 1968 (SI1968/117)
-# # Changes Isle of Man start date to 18 Feb to match rest of UK
-# # British Standard Time Act, 1968
-# 1968 18 feb 0 none fixed
-# 1969--1970 0 none 0 none
-# 1971 0 none 31 oct fixed
-#
-# # Summer Time Act, 1972
-# 1972-1980 3 March 4 October
-#
-# # The pattern here looks like Last Sun in Mar, day after 4th Sat in Oct
-# # First EC Directive ???
-# # Summer Time Order, 1980 (SI1980/1089)
-# 1981 29 Mar 25 Oct fixed
-# 1982 28 Mar 24 Oct fixed
-# # Second EC Directive ???
-# # Summer Time Order, 1982 (SI1982/1673)
-# 1983 27 Mar 23 Oct fixed
-# 1984 25 Mar 28 Oct fixed
-# 1985 31 Mar 27 Oct fixed
-# # Third EC Directive ???
-# # Summer Time Order, 1986 (SI1986/223)
-# 1986 30 Mar 26 Oct fixed
-# 1987 29 Mar 25 Oct fixed
-# 1988 27 Mar 23 Oct fixed
-# # Fourth EC Directive ???
-# # Summer Time Order, 1988 (SI1988/931)
-# 1989 26 Mar 29 Oct fixed
-# # Fifth EC Directive ???
-# # Summer Time Order, 1989 (SI1989/985)
-# 1990 25 Mar 28 Oct fixed
-# 1991 31 Mar 27 Oct fixed
-# 1992 29 Mar 25 Oct fixed
-# # Sixth EC Directive
-# # Summer Time Order, 1992 (SI1992/1729)
-# 1993 28 Mar 24 Oct fixed
-# 1994 27 Mar 23 Oct fixed
-
-# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (June 8, 1994):
-# The European Union bureaucracy has edged a step closer to a 7th Directive
-# on summer-time arrangements. I have the text of a Common Position
-# (EC No 9/94) and a statement of the Council's reasons dated 4 March 94,
-# reported in the Official Journal of the EC, No. C 137/38--41....
-# The dates again:
-# Year Start End End (UK & Eire, 1995 only)
-# (rule) (last Sun) (last Sun) (4th Sun)
-# 1995 26 March 24 September 22 October
-# 1996 31 March 27 October
-# 1997 30 March 26 October
-
-# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (March 28, 1994):
-# The UK/Eire end date of 22 October [1995] conflicts with your current rule of
-# Oct Sun>=23, and the historical UK formula of Sun after 4th Sat.
-# The last time 4th Sun and Sun after 4th Sat differed was in 1989,
-# when 29 October was used. That year was covered by a UK Summer Time Order
-# for only a single year and it looks as though there was a matching 4th EC
-# directive for just this year. I don't have the text of the 5th EC
-# directive (for 1990--92) but my guess would be it said 4th Sun.
-# To maintain strict historical accuracy you could start a new UK ending rule
-# of Oct Sun>=22 in 1990.
-
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993):
-#
-# As Ilieve remarks, the date `20 April 1924' in the table of ``Summer Time: A
+# Covers four years: 1998 to 2001. All times are 01:00 GMT. Specifies both
+# rules, last Sunday in March and last Sunday in October, and specific dates:
+# 1998: 29 March to 25 October
+# 1999: 28 March to 31 October
+# 2000: 26 March to 29 October
+# 2001: 25 March to 28 October
+#
+# <a href="http://www.hmso.gov.uk/si/si1997/97298201.htm">
+# - Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982)
+# </a>
+#
+# Implements the eighth Directive. Has the same text about the Isle of Man,
+# Guernsey and Jersey as the 1994 Order.
+
+# From Joseph S. Myers <jsm28@hermes.cam.ac.uk> (1998-01-06):
+#
+# The legal time in the UK outside of summer time is definitely GMT, not UTC;
+# see Lord Tanlaw's speech
+# <a href="http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/ld199697/ldhansrd/pdvn/lds97/text/70611-20.htm#70611-20_head0">
+# (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976)
+# </a>.
+
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-06-12):
+#
+# The date `20 April 1924' in the table of ``Summer Time: A
# Consultation Document'' (Cm 722, 1989) table is a transcription error;
# 20 April was an Easter Sunday. Shanks has 13 April, the correct date.
# Also, the table is not quite right for 1925 through 1938; the correct rules
@@ -606,384 +719,473 @@
# Also, for lack of other data, we'll follow Shanks for Eire in 1940-1948.
#
# Given Peter Ilieve's comments, the following claims by Shanks are incorrect:
-# * Wales did not switch from GMT to daylight savings time until
+# * Wales did not switch from GMT to daylight saving time until
# 1921 Apr 3, when they began to conform with the rest of Great Britain.
# Actually, Wales was identical after 1880.
# * Eire had two transitions on 1916 Oct 1.
# It actually just had one transition.
-# * Northern Ireland used single daylight savings time throughout WW II.
+# * Northern Ireland used single daylight saving time throughout WW II.
# Actually, it conformed to Britain.
+# * GB-Eire changed standard time to 1 hour ahead of GMT on 1968-02-18.
+# Actually, that date saw the usual switch to summer time.
+# Standard time was not changed until 1968-10-27 (the clocks didn't change).
#
-# The following claim by Shanks is possible though doubtful;
-# we'll ignore it for now.
+# The following claims by Shanks are possible though doubtful;
+# we'll ignore them for now.
# * Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man did not switch from GMT
-# to daylight savings time until 1921 Apr 3, when they began to
+# to daylight saving time until 1921 Apr 3, when they began to
# conform with Great Britain.
+# * Dublin's 1971-10-31 switch was at 02:00, even though London's was 03:00.
+#
#
# Whitman says Dublin Mean Time was -0:25:21, which is more precise than Shanks.
+# From an anonymous contributor (1996-06-02):
+# The law governing time in Ireland is under Statutory Instrument SI 395/94,
+# which gives force to European Union 7th Council Directive # 94/21/EC.
+# Under this directive, the Minister for Justice in Ireland makes appropriate
+# regulations. I spoke this morning with the Secretary of the Department of
+# Justice (tel +353 1 678 9711) who confirmed to me that the correct name is
+# "Irish Summer Time", abbreviated to "IST".
+
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule GB-Eire 1847 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 GMT
-# 1916 to 1925--irregular
+# Summer Time Act, 1916
Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - May 21 2:00s 1:00 BST
Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 GMT
+# S.R.&O. 1917, No. 358
Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 BST
Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 GMT
+# S.R.&O. 1918, No. 274
Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Mar 24 2:00s 1:00 BST
Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Sep 30 2:00s 0 GMT
+# S.R.&O. 1919, No. 297
Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 BST
Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Sep 29 2:00s 0 GMT
+# S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458
Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Mar 28 2:00s 1:00 BST
+# S.R.&O. 1920, No. 1844
Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Oct 25 2:00s 0 GMT
+# S.R.&O. 1921, No. 363
Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST
Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 GMT
+# S.R.&O. 1922, No. 264
Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 BST
+# The Summer Time Act, 1922
Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Oct 8 2:00s 0 GMT
Rule GB-Eire 1923 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
Rule GB-Eire 1923 1924 - Sep Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT
-Rule GB-Eire 1924 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 BST
-# 1925 to 1939 start--regular, except for avoiding Easter
+Rule GB-Eire 1924 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
Rule GB-Eire 1925 1926 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
+# The Summer Time Act, 1925
Rule GB-Eire 1925 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT
-Rule GB-Eire 1927 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 BST
+Rule GB-Eire 1927 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
Rule GB-Eire 1928 1929 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
-Rule GB-Eire 1930 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 BST
+Rule GB-Eire 1930 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
Rule GB-Eire 1931 1932 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
-Rule GB-Eire 1933 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 BST
+Rule GB-Eire 1933 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
Rule GB-Eire 1934 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
-Rule GB-Eire 1935 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 BST
+Rule GB-Eire 1935 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
Rule GB-Eire 1936 1937 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
-Rule GB-Eire 1938 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 BST
+Rule GB-Eire 1938 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
-# 1939 end to 1947--irregular, and with double summer time
-Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Nov 19 2:00s 0 GMT
-Rule GB-Eire 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00s 1:00 BST
-Rule GB-Eire 1941 only - May Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 DST
+# S.R.&O. 1939, No. 1379
+Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Nov Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT
+# S.R.&O. 1940, No. 172 and No. 1883
+Rule GB-Eire 1940 only - Feb Sun>=23 2:00s 1:00 BST
+# S.R.&O. 1941, No. 476
+Rule GB-Eire 1941 only - May Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST
Rule GB-Eire 1941 1943 - Aug Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST
-Rule GB-Eire 1942 1944 - Apr Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 DST
+# S.R.&O. 1942, No. 506
+Rule GB-Eire 1942 1944 - Apr Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST
+# S.R.&O. 1944, No. 932
Rule GB-Eire 1944 only - Sep Sun>=16 1:00s 1:00 BST
-# Double daylight starts on a Monday in 1945--see above.
-Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Apr 2 1:00s 2:00 DST
-Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Jul 15 1:00s 1:00 BST
-Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 GMT
-Rule GB-Eire 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 BST
-Rule GB-Eire 1946 only - Oct 6 2:00s 0 GMT
+# S.R.&O. 1945, No. 312
+Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Apr Mon>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST
+Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Jul Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST
+# S.R.&O. 1945, No. 1208
+Rule GB-Eire 1945 1946 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT
+Rule GB-Eire 1946 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
+# The Summer Time Act, 1947
Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Mar 16 2:00s 1:00 BST
-Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Apr 13 1:00s 2:00 DST
+Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Apr 13 1:00s 2:00 BDST
Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Aug 10 1:00s 1:00 BST
Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 GMT
-# So much for double saving time. 1948 and 1949, irregular.
+# Summer Time Order, 1948 (S.I. 1948/495)
Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Mar 14 2:00s 1:00 BST
-Rule GB-Eire 1948 1949 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 GMT
+Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Oct 31 2:00s 0 GMT
+# Summer Time Order, 1949 (S.I. 1949/373)
Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST
-# 1950 through start of 1953, regular.
-Rule GB-Eire 1950 1953 - Apr Sun>=14 2:00s 1:00 BST
+Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Oct 30 2:00s 0 GMT
+# Summer Time Order, 1950 (S.I. 1950/518)
+# Summer Time Order, 1951 (S.I. 1951/430)
+# Summer Time Order, 1952 (S.I. 1952/451)
+Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Apr Sun>=14 2:00s 1:00 BST
Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00s 0 GMT
-# 1954 to 1980, starting rules
-Rule GB-Eire 1954 only - Apr 11 2:00s 1:00 BST
+# revert to the rules of the Summer Time Act, 1925
+Rule GB-Eire 1953 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
+Rule GB-Eire 1953 1960 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT
+Rule GB-Eire 1954 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
Rule GB-Eire 1955 1956 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
-Rule GB-Eire 1957 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 BST
+Rule GB-Eire 1957 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
Rule GB-Eire 1958 1959 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
-Rule GB-Eire 1960 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 BST
+Rule GB-Eire 1960 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
+# Summer Time Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/71)
+# Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/2465)
+# Summer Time Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/81)
Rule GB-Eire 1961 1963 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 BST
+Rule GB-Eire 1961 1968 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT
+# Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/2101)
+# Summer Time Order, 1964 (S.I. 1964/1201)
+# Summer Time Order, 1967 (S.I. 1967/1148)
Rule GB-Eire 1964 1967 - Mar Sun>=19 2:00s 1:00 BST
+# Summer Time Order, 1968 (S.I. 1968/117)
+Rule GB-Eire 1968 only - Feb 18 2:00s 1:00 BST
+# The British Standard Time Act, 1968
+# (no summer time)
+# The Summer Time Act, 1972
Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
-# 1953 to 1980, ending rules
-Rule GB-Eire 1953 1960 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 GMT
-Rule GB-Eire 1961 1967 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT
-Rule GB-Eire 1971 only - Oct 31 3:00 0 GMT
Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT
-# Current rules
-Rule GB-Eire 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 BST
-Rule GB-Eire 1981 max - Oct Sun>=23 1:00s 0 GMT
-# Under the 7th EU proposal, replace the above line with the following three:
-#Rule GB-Eire 1981 1989 - Oct Sun>=23 1:00s 0 GMT
-#Rule GB-Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 GMT
-#Rule GB-Eire 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 GMT
+# Summer Time Order, 1980 (S.I. 1980/1089)
+# Summer Time Order, 1982 (S.I. 1982/1673)
+# Summer Time Order, 1986 (S.I. 1986/223)
+# Summer Time Order, 1988 (S.I. 1988/931)
+Rule GB-Eire 1981 1995 - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 BST
+Rule GB-Eire 1981 1989 - Oct Sun>=23 1:00u 0 GMT
+# Summer Time Order, 1989 (S.I. 1989/985)
+# Summer Time Order, 1992 (S.I. 1992/1729)
+# Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798)
+Rule GB-Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u 0 GMT
+# Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982)
+# See EU for rules starting in 1996.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Sep 22
- 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Feb 18 2:00
- 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00
- 0:00 GB-Eire %s
+ 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27
+ 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
+ 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996
+ 0:00 EU GMT/BST
Zone Europe/Belfast -0:23:40 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
-0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 # Dublin MT
- -0:25:21 1:00 DST 1916 Oct 1 3:00
- 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Feb 18 2:00
- 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 3:00
- 0:00 GB-Eire %s
+ -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s # Irish Summer Time
+ 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27
+ 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
+ 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996
+ 0:00 EU GMT/BST
Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:21 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
-0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 # Dublin MT
- -0:25:21 1:00 DST 1916 Oct 1 3:00
- 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1940 Feb 25 2:00
- 0:00 1:00 BST 1946 Oct 6 2:00
+ -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s
+ 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1921 Dec 6 # independence
+ 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00
+ 0:00 1:00 IST 1946 Oct 6 2:00
0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00
- 0:00 1:00 BST 1947 Nov 2 2:00
+ 0:00 1:00 IST 1947 Nov 2 2:00
0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00
- 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Feb 18 2:00
- 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 3:00
- 0:00 GB-Eire %s
+ 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1968 Oct 27
+ 1:00 - IST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
+ 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1996
+ 0:00 EU GMT/IST
###############################################################################
# Continental Europe
-Rule W-Eur 1800 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule W-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 " DST"
+# EU rules are for the European Union, previously known as the EC, EEC,
+# Common Market, etc.
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule EU 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00u 1:00 S
+Rule EU 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
+Rule EU 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00u 0 -
+Rule EU 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
+Rule EU 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
+Rule EU 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 -
+
+# W-Eur differs from EU only in that W-Eur uses standard time.
+Rule W-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S
Rule W-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
Rule W-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00s 0 -
-Rule W-Eur 1979 max - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
-Rule W-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 " DST"
-
-Rule M-Eur 1800 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule M-Eur 1916 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 " DST"
-Rule M-Eur 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
-Rule M-Eur 1917 1918 - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule M-Eur 1917 1918 - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 -
-Rule M-Eur 1940 only - Apr 1 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
-# Shanks says DST was continuous from 1940 Apr 1 to 1942 Nov 2; go with Whitman.
-Rule M-Eur 1940 only - Dec 31 2:00s 0 -
-Rule M-Eur 1941 only - Feb 25 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule M-Eur 1941 only - Oct 5 2:00s 0 -
-Rule M-Eur 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule M-Eur 1942 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 -
-Rule M-Eur 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule M-Eur 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00s 0 -
-Rule M-Eur 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule W-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
+Rule W-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
+Rule W-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 -
+
+# Older C-Eur rules are for convenience in the tables.
+# From 1977 on, C-Eur differs from EU only in that C-Eur uses standard time.
+Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S
+Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
+Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 -
+Rule C-Eur 1940 only - Apr 1 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule C-Eur 1942 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 -
+Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00s 0 -
+Rule C-Eur 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S
# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 7; go with Shanks.
-Rule M-Eur 1944 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 -
-Rule M-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule M-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
-Rule M-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 -
-Rule M-Eur 1979 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
-# Under the 7th EU proposal, replace the above line with the following two:
-#Rule M-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
-#Rule M-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
-Rule M-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
-
-Rule E-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 3:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule E-Eur 1981 max - Sep lastSun 3:00s 0 -
+Rule C-Eur 1944 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 -
+Rule C-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule C-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
+Rule C-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 -
+Rule C-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
+Rule C-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule C-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
+
+# E-Eur differs from EU only in that E-Eur switches at midnight local time.
+Rule E-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule E-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
+Rule E-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule E-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
+Rule E-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule E-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Russia 1880 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 -
-Rule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 " DDST"
-Rule Russia 1918 only - Sep 17 0:00 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Russia 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 " DDST"
-Rule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 K
-Rule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 D
+Rule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 MST # Moscow Summer Time
+Rule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 MMT # Moscow Mean Time
+Rule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 MDST # Moscow Double Summer Time
+Rule Russia 1918 only - Sep 17 0:00 1:00 MST
+Rule Russia 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 MDST
+Rule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 -
+Rule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S
# Shanks gives 1921 Mar 21 for the following transition.
-# From Andrew A. Chernov <ache@astral.msk.su> (November 12, 1993):
+# From Andrey A. Chernov <ache@astral.msk.su> (1993-11-12):
# My sources says, that it is Mar 20, not 21.
-Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 DD
-Rule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 K
-Rule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 K
-Rule Russia 1984 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 K
-Rule Russia 1985 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
+Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 M # Midsummer
+Rule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
+# Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1980-10-24):
+Rule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
+# Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1984-09-13), repeated in
+# Act No.227 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1989-03-14):
+Rule Russia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
+Rule Russia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
+#
+Rule Russia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S
+Rule Russia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 -
+Rule Russia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Russia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
+Rule Russia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
# These are for backward compatibility with older versions.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone WET 0:00 W-Eur WET%s
-Zone MET 1:00 M-Eur MET%s
-Zone EET 2:00 E-Eur EET%s
-Zone W-SU 3:00 M-Eur ????
+Zone WET 0:00 EU WE%sT
+Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT
+Zone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT
+Zone EET 2:00 EU EE%sT
-# Tom Hoffman says that MET is also known as Central European Time
+# Previous editions of this database used abbreviations like MET DST
+# for Central European Summer Time, but this didn't agree with common usage.
+
+# From Markus Kuhn <mskuhn@unrza3.dialin.rrze.uni-erlangen.de> (1996-07-12):
+# The official German names ... are
+#
+# Mitteleuropaeische Zeit (MEZ) = UTC+01:00
+# Mitteleuropaeische Sommerzeit (MESZ) = UTC+02:00
+#
+# as defined in the German Time Act (Gesetz ueber die Zeitbestimmung (ZeitG),
+# 1978-07-25, Bundesgesetzblatt, Jahrgang 1978, Teil I, S. 1110-1111)....
+# I wrote ... to the German Federal Physical-Technical Institution
+#
+# Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB)
+# Laboratorium 4.41 "Zeiteinheit"
+# Postfach 3345
+# D-38023 Braunschweig
+# phone: +49 531 592-0
+#
+# ... I received today an answer letter from Dr. Peter Hetzel, head of the PTB
+# department for time and frequency transmission. He explained that the
+# PTB translates MEZ and MESZ into English as
+#
+# Central European Time (CET) = UTC+01:00
+# Central European Summer Time (CEST) = UTC+02:00
-Link MET CET
# Albania
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Albania 1940 only - Jun 16 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Albania 1940 only - Jun 16 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Albania 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 -
-Rule Albania 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Albania 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Albania 1943 only - Apr 10 3:00 0 -
-Rule Albania 1974 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Albania 1974 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Albania 1974 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
-Rule Albania 1975 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Albania 1975 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Albania 1975 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
-Rule Albania 1976 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Albania 1976 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Albania 1976 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
-Rule Albania 1977 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Albania 1977 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Albania 1977 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
-Rule Albania 1978 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Albania 1978 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Albania 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Albania 1979 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Albania 1979 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Albania 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
-Rule Albania 1980 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Albania 1980 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Albania 1980 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
-Rule Albania 1981 only - Apr 26 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Albania 1981 only - Apr 26 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Albania 1981 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 -
-Rule Albania 1982 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Albania 1982 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Albania 1982 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
-Rule Albania 1983 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Albania 1983 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Albania 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Albania 1984 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Albania 1984 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Albania 1984 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Tirane 1:19:20 - LMT 1914
- 1:00 - MET 1940 Jun 16
- 1:00 Albania MET%s 1985 Mar 31 1:00
- 1:00 W-Eur MET%s
+ 1:00 - CET 1940 Jun 16
+# The following transition is from Shanks's 4th edition (1995).
+ 1:00 Albania CE%sT 1984 Jul
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
# Andorra
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Andorra 0:06:04 - LMT 1901
0:00 - WET 1946 Sep 30
- 1:00 - MET 1985 Mar 31 2:00
- 1:00 M-Eur MET%s
+ 1:00 - CET 1985 Mar 31 2:00
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
# Austria
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Austria 1918 only - Jun 16 3:00 0 -
-Rule Austria 1920 only - Apr 5 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Austria 1920 only - Apr 5 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Austria 1920 only - Sep 13 2:00s 0 -
-Rule Austria 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Austria 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Austria 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 -
-Rule Austria 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Austria 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Austria 1946 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
-Rule Austria 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Austria 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Austria 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Austria 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Vienna 1:05:20 - LMT 1893 Apr
- 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1918 Jun 16 3:00
- 1:00 Austria MET%s 1940 Apr 1 2:00
- 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 Apr 2 2:00
- 1:00 Austria MET%s 1981 Mar 29 2:00
- 1:00 M-Eur MET%s
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Jun 16 3:00
+ 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1940 Apr 1 2:00
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
+ 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1981
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
# Belarus
+# Transitions before 1991 are from Shanks (1995).
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880
- 2:31 Russia LST%s 1919 Jul 1 2:00
- 3:00 Russia MS%s 1922 Oct
+ 1:50 - MMT 1924 May 2 # Minsk Mean Time
2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
- 3:00 Russia MS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (May 28, 1994): A guess at recent dates:
- 2:00 1:00 "EET DST" 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
- 2:00 - EET 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
- 3:00 Russia MS%s
+ 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 28
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul 3
+ 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
+ 2:00 - EET 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
+ 2:00 1:00 EEST 1992 Sep 27 2:00s
+ 2:00 Russia EE%sT
# Belgium
-# Whitman and Shanks disagree; go with Shanks, usually.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (1997-07-02):
+# Entries from 1918 through 1991 are taken from:
+# Annuaire de L'Observatoire Royal de Belgique,
+# Avenue Circulaire, 3, B-1180 BRUXELLES, CLVIIe annee, 1991
+# (Imprimerie HAYEZ, s.p.r.l., Rue Fin, 4, 1080 BRUXELLES, MCMXC),
+# pp 8-9.
+# LMT before 1892 was 0:17:30, according to the official journal of Belgium:
+# Moniteur Belge, Samedi 30 Avril 1892, N.121.
+# Thanks to Pascal Delmoitie <pascal@belnet.be> for these references.
+# The 1918 rules are listed for completeness; they apply to unoccupied Belgium.
+# Assume Brussels switched to WET in 1918 when the armistice took effect.
+#
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-# From Whitman:
-Rule Belgium 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Belgium 1919 only - Oct 4 23:00s 0 -
-# Shanks gives 1920 Feb 14 23:00s; go with Whitman.
-Rule Belgium 1920 1921 - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Belgium 1918 only - Mar 9 0:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Belgium 1918 1919 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
+Rule Belgium 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Belgium 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Belgium 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 -
+Rule Belgium 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Belgium 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 -
-Rule Belgium 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
-# Whitman gives 1927 Oct 1 2:00s and 1928 Oct 7 2:00s; go with Shanks.
-Rule Belgium 1922 1928 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
-Rule Belgium 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Belgium 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Belgium 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Belgium 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Belgium 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Belgium 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Belgium 1929 only - Apr 21 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Belgium 1929 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 -
-Rule Belgium 1930 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Belgium 1931 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Belgium 1932 only - Apr 17 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Belgium 1933 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Belgium 1934 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Belgium 1935 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Belgium 1936 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
-# Whitman says 1937 Apr 18 2:00s; go with Shanks.
-Rule Belgium 1937 only - Apr 4 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
-# Whitman says 1938 Apr 10 2:00s; go with Shanks.
-Rule Belgium 1938 only - Mar 27 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Belgium 1939 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Belgium 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Belgium 1922 1927 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
+Rule Belgium 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Belgium 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Belgium 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Belgium 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Belgium 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Belgium 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Belgium 1928 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 -
+Rule Belgium 1929 only - Apr 21 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Belgium 1930 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Belgium 1931 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Belgium 1932 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Belgium 1933 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Belgium 1934 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Belgium 1935 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Belgium 1936 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Belgium 1937 only - Apr 4 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Belgium 1938 only - Mar 27 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Belgium 1939 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Belgium 1939 only - Nov 19 2:00s 0 -
-Rule Belgium 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Belgium 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Belgium 1944 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 -
+Rule Belgium 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
-Rule Belgium 1946 only - May 19 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Belgium 1946 only - May 19 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Belgium 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Europe/Brussels 0:17:20 - LMT 1880
- 0:17 - BST 1892 May 1 12:00
- 0:00 - WET 1914 Aug 4
- 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1919 Mar 1 23:00
- 0:00 Belgium WET%s 1940 Feb 24 23:00
- 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 Apr 2 2:00
- 1:00 Belgium MET%s 1977 Apr 3 2:00
- 1:00 M-Eur MET%s
+Zone Europe/Brussels 0:17:30 - LMT 1880
+ 0:17:30 - BMT 1892 May 1 12:00 # Brussels MT
+ 0:00 - WET 1914 Nov 8
+ 1:00 - CET 1916 May 1 0:00
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Nov 11 11:00u
+ 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 20 2:00s
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 3
+ 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
# Bosnia and Herzegovina
-# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1918 Mar 18.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Europe/Sarajevo 1:13:40 - LMT 1884
- 1:00 - MET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
- 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 May 8 2:00s
- 1:00 1:00 "MET DST" 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
- 1:00 - MET 1983 Mar 27 2:00s
- 1:00 M-Eur MET%s
+# see Yugoslavia
# Bulgaria
-# Part switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1915 Nov 14;
-# the rest switched on 1920 Sep 17.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Bulg 1979 only - Mar 31 23:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Bulg 1979 only - Mar 31 23:00 1:00 S
Rule Bulg 1979 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
-Rule Bulg 1980 1982 - Apr Sat<=7 23:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Bulg 1980 1982 - Apr Sat<=7 23:00 1:00 S
Rule Bulg 1980 only - Sep 29 1:00 0 -
Rule Bulg 1981 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Sofia 1:33:16 - LMT 1880
- 1:57 - TST 1894 Nov 30
+ 1:56:56 - IMT 1894 Nov 30 # Istanbul MT?
2:00 - EET 1942 Nov 2 3:00
- 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 Apr 2 3:00
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 3:00
2:00 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23:00
- 2:00 Bulg EET%s 1982 Sep 26 2:00
- 2:00 M-Eur EET%s
+ 2:00 Bulg EE%sT 1982 Sep 26 2:00
+ 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991
+ 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT
# Croatia
-# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1918 Mar 18.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Europe/Zagreb 1:03:52 - LMT 1884
- 1:00 - MET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
- 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 May 8 2:00s
- 1:00 1:00 "MET DST" 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
- 1:00 - MET 1983 Mar 27 2:00s
- 1:00 M-Eur MET%s
+# see Yugosloavia
# Czech Republic
+# Gregorian calendar adopted 1584-01-17.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Czech 1944 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 -
-Rule Czech 1945 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Czech 1945 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Czech 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 -
-Rule Czech 1946 only - May 6 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Czech 1946 only - May 6 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Czech 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
-Rule Czech 1947 only - Apr 20 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Czech 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Czech 1949 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Czech 1947 only - Apr 20 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Czech 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Czech 1949 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850
- 0:58 - PMT 1891 Oct # Prague Mean Time
- 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1944 Sep 17 2:00s
- 1:00 Czech MET%s 1979 Apr 1 2:00
- 1:00 M-Eur MET%s
+ 0:57:44 - PMT 1891 Oct # Prague Mean Time
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 17 2:00s
+ 1:00 Czech CE%sT 1979
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
-# Denmark
+# Denmark, Faeroe Islands, and Greenland
+# Gregorian calendar adopted 1700-03-01.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Denmark 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Denmark 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S
Rule Denmark 1916 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 -
-Rule Denmark 1940 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Denmark 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Denmark 1940 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Denmark 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Denmark 1945 only - Aug 15 2:00s 0 -
-Rule Denmark 1946 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Denmark 1946 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Denmark 1946 only - Sep 1 2:00s 0 -
-Rule Denmark 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Denmark 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Denmark 1947 only - Aug 10 2:00s 0 -
-Rule Denmark 1948 only - May 9 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Denmark 1948 only - May 9 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Denmark 1948 only - Aug 8 2:00s 0 -
# Whitman also gives 1949 Apr 9 to 1949 Oct 1, and disagrees in minor ways
# about many of the above dates; go with Shanks.
@@ -991,212 +1193,272 @@ Rule Denmark 1948 only - Aug 8 2:00s 0 -
# For 1894, Shanks says Jan, Whitman Apr; go with Whitman.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890
- 0:50 - CMT 1894 Apr # Copenhagen Mean Time
- 1:00 Denmark MET%s 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
- 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 Apr 2 2:00
- 1:00 Denmark MET%s 1980 Apr 6 2:00
- 1:00 M-Eur MET%s
+ 0:50:20 - CMT 1894 Apr # Copenhagen Mean Time
+ 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
+ 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1980
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
Zone Atlantic/Faeroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # Torshavn
- 0:00 - WET 1981 Mar 29 1:00
- 0:00 W-Eur WET%s
-Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:29:00 - LMT 1916 Jul 28
- -2:00 - MGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
- -2:00 M-Eur MGT%s 1981 Mar 29
- -1:00 M-Eur EGT%s
-Zone America/Godthab -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28
+ 0:00 - WET 1981
+ 0:00 EU WE%sT
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
+# Greenland joined the EU as part of Denmark, obtained home rule on 1979-05-01,
+# and left the EU on 1985-02-01. It therefore should have been using EU
+# rules at least through 1984. Shanks says Scoresbysund and Godthab
+# used C-Eur rules after 1980, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says they use EU
+# rules since at least 1991. Assume EU rules since 1980.
+
+#
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Thule 1993 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Thule 1993 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
+#
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:29:00 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormit
+ -2:00 - CGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
+ -2:00 C-Eur CG%sT 1981 Mar 29
+ -1:00 EU EG%sT
+Zone America/Godthab -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Nuuk
-3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
- -3:00 M-Eur WGT%s
-Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28
- -4:00 - AST
+ -3:00 EU WG%sT
+Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik
+ -4:00 Thule A%sT
# Estonia
-# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1918 Feb 15.
+# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-10-15):
+# A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards
+# [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it,
+# a regulation of the Government of Estonia, No. 111 of 1989....
+#
+# From Peter Ilieve <peter@aldie.co.uk> (1996-10-28):
+# [IATA SSIM (1992/1996) claims that the Baltic republics switch at 01:00s,
+# but a relative confirms that Estonia still switches at 02:00s, writing:]
+# ``I do not [know] exactly but there are some little different
+# (confusing) rules for International Air and Railway Transport Schedules
+# conversion in Sunday connected with end of summer time in Estonia....
+# A discussion is running about the summer time efficiency and effect on
+# human physiology. It seems that Estonia maybe will not change to
+# summer time next spring.''
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880
- 1:39 - LST 1918 Feb
- 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1919 Jul
- 1:39 - LST 1921 May
+ 1:39:00 - TMT 1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1919 Jul
+ 1:39:00 - TMT 1921 May
2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 6
3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 15
- 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1944 Sep 22
- 3:00 Russia MS%s 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
- 2:00 1:00 "EET DST" 1989 Sep 24 2:00s
- 2:00 M-Eur EET%s
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 22
+ 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
+ 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep 24 2:00s
+ 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998
+ 2:00 EU EE%sT
# Finland
+# See Sweden for when the Gregorian calendar was adopted.
+#
+# From Hannu Strang <chs@apu.fi> (25 Sep 1994 06:03:37 UTC):
+# Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one,
+# and it's supposed to change at 4am...
+#
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (25 Sep 1994):
+# Shanks says Finland has switched at 02:00 standard time since 1981.
+# Go with Strang instead.
+#
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Finland 1921 only - May 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Finland 1942 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Finland 1942 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Finland 1942 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Helsinki 1:39:52 - LMT 1878 May 31
- 1:40 - HMT 1921 May # Helsinki Mean Time
- 2:00 Finland EET%s 1981 Mar 29 2:00
- 2:00 M-Eur EET%s
+ 1:39:52 - HMT 1921 May # Helsinki Mean Time
+ 2:00 Finland EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00
+ 2:00 EU EE%sT
# France
+# Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-12-20.
+# French Revolutionary calendar used 1793-11-24 through 1805-12-31,
+# and (in Paris only) 1871-05-06 through 1871-05-23.
+#
# Shanks seems to use `24:00' ambiguously; we resolve it with Whitman.
# From Shanks (1991):
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule France 1911 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule France 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule France 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
-Rule France 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule France 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule France 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule France 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule France 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule France 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 -
+Rule France 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule France 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule France 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule France 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule France 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 -
-Rule France 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule France 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule France 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 -
-Rule France 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule France 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule France 1922 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
-Rule France 1923 only - May 26 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule France 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule France 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule France 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule France 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule France 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule France 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule France 1930 only - Apr 12 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule France 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule France 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule France 1933 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule France 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule France 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule France 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule France 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule France 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule France 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule France 1923 only - May 26 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule France 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule France 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule France 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule France 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule France 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule France 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule France 1930 only - Apr 12 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule France 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule France 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule France 1933 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule France 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule France 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule France 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule France 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule France 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule France 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule France 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 -
-Rule France 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule France 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S
# The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris,
# but were used in other places (e.g. Monaco).
-Rule France 1941 only - May 5 0:00 2:00 " DDST"
-Rule France 1941 only - Oct 6 1:00 1:00 " DST"
-Rule France 1942 only - Mar 8 0:00 2:00 " DDST"
-Rule France 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 1:00 " DST"
-Rule France 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 2:00 " DDST"
-Rule France 1943 only - Nov 4 3:00 1:00 " DST"
-Rule France 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00 2:00 " DDST"
-Rule France 1944 only - Oct 8 1:00 1:00 " DST"
-Rule France 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 2:00 " DDST"
+Rule France 1941 only - May 5 0:00 2:00 M # Midsummer
+# Shanks says this transition occurred at Oct 6 1:00,
+# but go with Denis.Excoffier@ens.fr (1997-12-12),
+# who quotes the Ephemerides Astronomiques for 1998 from Bureau des Longitudes
+# as saying 5/10/41 22hUT.
+Rule France 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule France 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 2:00 M
+Rule France 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 1:00 S
+Rule France 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 2:00 M
+Rule France 1943 only - Oct 4 3:00 1:00 S
+Rule France 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00 2:00 M
+Rule France 1944 only - Oct 8 1:00 1:00 S
+Rule France 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 2:00 M
Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 -
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com) (November 18, 1993):
-# Shanks gives no times for 1975, but according to Cm722,
-# France introduced summer time in 1975 from 20 March to 22 September.
-Rule France 1975 only - Mar 20 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule France 1975 only - Sep 22 2:00s 0 -
-Rule France 1976 only - Mar 28 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule France 1976 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
-# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Whitman's more precise 0:09:05.
+# Shanks gives Mar 28 2:00 and Sep 26 3:00;
+# go with Excoffier's 28/3/76 0hUT and 25/9/76 23hUT.
+Rule France 1976 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 S
+Rule France 1976 only - Sep 26 1:00 0 -
+# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time, and Whitman gives 0:09:05,
+# but Howse quotes the actual French legislation as saying 0:09:21.
+# Go with Howse. Howse writes that the time in France was officially based
+# on PMT-0:09:21 until 1978-08-09, when the time base finally switched to UTC.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:05 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01
- 0:09:05 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
- 0:00 France WET%s 1940 Jun 14
- 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1944 Aug 25
- 0:00 France WET%s 1945 Sep 16 3:00
- 1:00 France MET%s 1977 Apr Sun>=1 2:00
- 1:00 M-Eur MET%s
+Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01
+ 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
+# Shanks gives 1940 Jun 14 0:00; go with Excoffier's 14/6/40 22hUT.
+ 0:00 France WE%sT 1940 Jun 14 23:00
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 25
+ 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
+ 1:00 France CE%sT 1977
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
# Germany
+
+# From Markus Kuhn <Markus.Kuhn@cl.cam.ac.uk> (1998-09-29):
+# The German time zone web site by the Physikalisch-Technische
+# Bundesanstalt contains DST information back to 1916.
+#
+# <a href="http://www.ptb.de/english/org/4/43/432/lega.htm">
+# Realisation of Legal Time in Germany
+# </a>
+
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Germany 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Germany 1945 only - May 24 2:00 2:00 " DDST"
-Rule Germany 1945 only - Sep 24 3:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Germany 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
+# Shanks says 05-24 2:00 to 09-24 3:00 for DDST; go with the PTB, who quotes
+# the Archiv fuer publizist. Arbeit (Munzinger-Archiv) 652 (Zeitsystem)
+# (1961-11-25), which gives dates only. Guess 3:00 transition times.
+Rule Germany 1945 only - May 31 3:00 2:00 M # Midsummer
+Rule Germany 1945 only - Sep 23 3:00 1:00 S
Rule Germany 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 -
-Rule Germany 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
-# Whitman gives 1948 Oct 31; go with Shanks.
-Rule Germany 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
-Rule Germany 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Germany 1947 only - May 11 2:00s 2:00 " DDST"
-Rule Germany 1947 only - Jun 29 3:00 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Germany 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Germany 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Germany 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S
+# Shanks gives 1946-10-06; go with the PTB.
+Rule Germany 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 -
+Rule Germany 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
+Rule Germany 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S
+# The PTB gives 3:00 CET and 3:00 CEST for the midsummer transition times;
+# go with Shanks.
+Rule Germany 1947 only - May 11 2:00s 2:00 M
+Rule Germany 1947 only - Jun 29 3:00 1:00 S
+Rule Germany 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Germany 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Berlin 0:53:28 - LMT 1893 Apr
- 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 Apr 2 2:00
- 1:00 Germany MET%s 1980 Apr 6 2:00
- 1:00 M-Eur MET%s
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
+ 1:00 Germany CE%sT 1980
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
# Gibraltar
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Gibraltar -0:21:24 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
0:00 GB-Eire %s 1957 Apr 14 2:00
- 1:00 - MET 1982 Mar 28 2:00
- 1:00 M-Eur MET%s
+ 1:00 - CET 1982
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
# Greece
-# They adopted the Julian calendar in 1846.
-# Part switched to the Gregorian calendar on 1916 Jul 28.
-# The rest switched on 1920 Mar 18.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Greece 1916 only - July 28 0:01 0 -
# Whitman gives 1932 Jul 5 - Nov 1; go with Shanks.
-Rule Greece 1932 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Greece 1932 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Greece 1932 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
# Whitman gives 1941 Apr 25 - ?; go with Shanks.
-Rule Greece 1941 only - Apr 7 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Greece 1941 only - Apr 7 0:00 1:00 S
# Whitman gives 1942 Feb 2 - ?; go with Shanks.
Rule Greece 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 -
-Rule Greece 1943 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Greece 1943 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Greece 1943 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 3 - Oct 31; go with Shanks.
-Rule Greece 1952 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Greece 1952 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Greece 1952 only - Nov 2 0:00 0 -
-Rule Greece 1975 only - Apr 12 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Greece 1975 only - Apr 12 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Greece 1975 only - Nov 26 0:00s 0 -
-Rule Greece 1976 only - Apr 11 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Greece 1976 only - Apr 11 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Greece 1976 only - Oct 10 2:00s 0 -
-Rule Greece 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Greece 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Greece 1977 only - Sep 26 2:00s 0 -
Rule Greece 1978 only - Sep 24 4:00 0 -
-Rule Greece 1979 only - Apr 1 9:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Greece 1979 only - Apr 1 9:00 1:00 S
Rule Greece 1979 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 -
-Rule Greece 1980 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Greece 1980 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Greece 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Athens 1:34:52 - LMT 1895 Sep 14
- 1:35 - AMT 1916 Jul 28 0:01 # Athens MT
- 2:00 Greece EET%s 1941 Apr 30
- 1:00 Greece MET%s 1944 Apr 4
- 2:00 Greece EET%s 1981 Mar 29 2:00
- 2:00 M-Eur EET%s
+ 1:34:52 - AMT 1916 Jul 28 0:01 # Athens MT
+ 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1941 Apr 30
+ 1:00 Greece CE%sT 1944 Apr 4
+ 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1981
+ # Shanks says they switched to C-Eur in 1981;
+ # go with EU instead, since Greece joined it on Jan 1.
+ 2:00 EU EE%sT
# Hungary
+# Gregorian calendar adopted 1587-11-01.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Hungary 1918 only - Sep 29 2:00s 0 -
-Rule Hungary 1919 only - Apr 15 3:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Hungary 1918 only - Apr 1 3:00 1:00 S
+Rule Hungary 1918 only - Sep 29 3:00 0 -
+Rule Hungary 1919 only - Apr 15 3:00 1:00 S
Rule Hungary 1919 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 -
-Rule Hungary 1920 only - Apr 5 3:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Hungary 1920 only - Apr 5 3:00 1:00 S
Rule Hungary 1920 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
-Rule Hungary 1945 only - May 1 23:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Hungary 1945 only - May 1 23:00 1:00 S
Rule Hungary 1945 only - Nov 3 0:00 0 -
-Rule Hungary 1946 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Hungary 1946 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Hungary 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
-Rule Hungary 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=4 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Hungary 1950 only - Apr 17 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Hungary 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=4 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Hungary 1950 only - Apr 17 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Hungary 1950 only - Oct 23 2:00s 0 -
-Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - May 23 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - May 23 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
-Rule Hungary 1956 only - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Hungary 1956 only - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Hungary 1956 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
-Rule Hungary 1957 only - Jun Sun>=1 1:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Hungary 1957 only - Jun Sun>=1 1:00 1:00 S
Rule Hungary 1957 only - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 -
-Rule Hungary 1980 only - Apr 6 1:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Hungary 1980 only - Apr 6 1:00 1:00 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Budapest 1:16:20 - LMT 1890 Oct
- 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1918 Jul
- 1:00 Hungary MET%s 1941 Apr 6 2:00
- 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 May 1 23:00
- 1:00 Hungary MET%s 1980 Sep 28 2:00s
- 1:00 M-Eur MET%s
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918
+ 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1941 Apr 6 2:00
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 1 23:00
+ 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1980 Sep 28 2:00s
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
# Iceland
#
-# From Adam David <adam@veda.is> (November 6, 1993):
+# From Adam David <adam@veda.is> (1993-11-06):
# The name of the timezone in Iceland for system / mail / news purposes is GMT.
#
-# (December 5, 1993):
+# (1993-12-05):
# This material is paraphrased from the 1988 edition of the University of
# Iceland Almanak.
#
@@ -1210,7 +1472,7 @@ Zone Europe/Budapest 1:16:20 - LMT 1890 Oct
# time the norsemen first settled Iceland. The first day of winter is always
# Saturday, but is not dependent on the Julian or Gregorian calendars.
#
-# (December 10, 1993):
+# (1993-12-10):
# I have a reference from the Oxford Icelandic-English dictionary for the
# beginning of winter, which ties it to the ecclesiastical calendar (and thus
# to the julian/gregorian calendar) over the period in question.
@@ -1218,214 +1480,281 @@ Zone Europe/Budapest 1:16:20 - LMT 1890 Oct
# (old style), or on St. Luke's day, if a Saturday.
# St. Luke's day ought to be traceable from ecclesiastical sources. "old style"
# might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it
-# might mean something else (???). The Gregorian calendar was not introduced
-# in Iceland until 1700.
+# might mean something else (???).
#
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (December 9, 1993):
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1993-12-09):
# The Iceland Almanak, Shanks and Whitman disagree on many points.
# We go with the Almanak, except for one claim from Shanks, namely that
# Reykavik was -1:28 from 1837 to 1908, local mean time before that.
#
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Iceland 1908 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Iceland 1917 1918 - Feb 19 23:00 1:00 D
-Rule Iceland 1917 only - Oct 21 1:00 0 S
-Rule Iceland 1918 only - Nov 16 1:00 0 S
-Rule Iceland 1939 only - Apr 29 23:00 1:00 D
-Rule Iceland 1939 only - Nov 29 2:00 0 S
-Rule Iceland 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Iceland 1940 only - Nov 3 2:00 0 S
-Rule Iceland 1941 only - Mar 2 1:00s 1:00 D
-Rule Iceland 1941 only - Nov 2 1:00s 0 S
-Rule Iceland 1942 only - Mar 8 1:00s 1:00 D
-Rule Iceland 1942 only - Oct 25 1:00s 0 S
+Rule Iceland 1917 1918 - Feb 19 23:00 1:00 S
+Rule Iceland 1917 only - Oct 21 1:00 0 -
+Rule Iceland 1918 only - Nov 16 1:00 0 -
+Rule Iceland 1939 only - Apr 29 23:00 1:00 S
+Rule Iceland 1939 only - Nov 29 2:00 0 -
+Rule Iceland 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Iceland 1940 only - Nov 3 2:00 0 -
+Rule Iceland 1941 only - Mar 2 1:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Iceland 1941 only - Nov 2 1:00s 0 -
+Rule Iceland 1942 only - Mar 8 1:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Iceland 1942 only - Oct 25 1:00s 0 -
# 1943-1946 - first Sunday in March until first Sunday in winter
-Rule Iceland 1943 1946 - Mar Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 D
-Rule Iceland 1943 1948 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 S
+Rule Iceland 1943 1946 - Mar Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Iceland 1943 1948 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 -
# 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter
-Rule Iceland 1947 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 D
+Rule Iceland 1947 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S
# 1949 Oct transition delayed by 1 week
-Rule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 S
-Rule Iceland 1950 1966 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 S
-Rule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 S
+Rule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 -
+Rule Iceland 1950 1966 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 -
+Rule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:27:24 - LMT 1837
- -1:28 - RMT 1908 # Reykjavik Mean Time
- -1:00 Iceland I%sT 1968 Apr 7 1:00s
+ -1:27:48 - RMT 1908 # Reykjavik Mean Time?
+ -1:00 Iceland IS%sT 1968 Apr 7 1:00s
0:00 - GMT
# Italy
+# Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-10-15.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (1996-05-06):
+# For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks, Whitman, and F. Pollastri
+# <a href="http://pisolo.cstv.to.cnr.it/toi/uk/ienitlt.html">
+# Day-light Saving Time in Italy (1996-03-14)
+# </a>
+# (`FP' below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute
+# publication. When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows:
+#
+# year FP Shanks (S) Whitman (W) Go with:
+# 1916 06-03 06-03 24:00 06-03 00:00 FP & W
+# 09-30 09-30 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s
+# 1917 04-01 03-31 24:00 03-31 00:00 FP & S
+# 09-30 09-29 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP & W
+# 1918 03-09 03-09 24:00 03-09 00:00 FP & S
+# 10-06 10-05 24:00 10-06 01:00 FP & W
+# 1919 03-01 03-01 24:00 03-01 00:00 FP & S
+# 10-04 10-04 24:00 10-04 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s
+# 1920 03-20 03-20 24:00 03-20 00:00 FP & S
+# 09-18 09-18 24:00 10-01 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s
+# 1944 04-02 04-03 02:00 S (see C-Eur)
+# 09-16 10-02 03:00 FP; guess 24:00s
+# 1945 09-14 09-16 24:00 FP; guess 24:00s
+# 1970 05-21 05-31 00:00 S
+# 09-20 09-27 00:00 S
+#
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Italy 1893 only - Nov 1 0:00s 0 S
-# Shanks gives transition times of 1916-1920 as 24:00; go with Whitman.
-Rule Italy 1916 only - Jun 3 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Italy 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 -
-Rule Italy 1917 only - Mar 31 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Italy 1916 only - Jun 3 0:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Italy 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
+Rule Italy 1917 only - Apr 1 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Italy 1917 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 -
-Rule Italy 1918 only - Mar 9 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Italy 1918 only - Mar 10 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Italy 1918 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 -
-Rule Italy 1919 only - Mar 1 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Italy 1920 only - Mar 20 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
-# Shanks gives 1920 Sep 18; go with Whitman.
-Rule Italy 1920 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
-Rule Italy 1940 only - Jun 15 0:00 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Italy 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Italy 1945 only - Sep 17 0:00 0 -
-Rule Italy 1946 only - Mar 17 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Italy 1919 only - Mar 2 0:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Italy 1920 only - Mar 21 0:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Italy 1920 only - Sep 19 0:00s 0 -
+Rule Italy 1940 only - Jun 15 0:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Italy 1944 only - Sep 17 0:00s 0 -
+Rule Italy 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Italy 1945 only - Sep 15 0:00s 0 -
+Rule Italy 1946 only - Mar 17 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Italy 1946 only - Oct 6 2:00s 0 -
-Rule Italy 1947 only - Mar 16 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Italy 1947 only - Mar 16 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Italy 1947 only - Oct 5 0:00s 0 -
-Rule Italy 1948 only - Feb 29 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Italy 1948 only - Feb 29 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Italy 1948 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 -
-Rule Italy 1966 1968 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Italy 1966 1968 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Italy 1966 1969 - Sep Sun>=22 0:00 0 -
-Rule Italy 1969 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Italy 1970 only - May 31 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Italy 1969 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Italy 1970 only - May 31 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Italy 1970 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
-Rule Italy 1971 1972 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Italy 1971 1972 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Italy 1971 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
Rule Italy 1972 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Italy 1973 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Italy 1973 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Italy 1973 1974 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
-Rule Italy 1974 only - May 26 0:00 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Italy 1975 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Italy 1974 only - May 26 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Italy 1975 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Italy 1975 1977 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
-Rule Italy 1976 only - May 30 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Italy 1977 1979 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Italy 1976 only - May 30 0:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Italy 1977 1979 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Italy 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
Rule Italy 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Rome 0:49:56 - LMT 1866 Sep 22
- 0:50 - RMT 1893 Nov # Rome Mean Time
- 1:00 Italy MET%s 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
- 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 Apr 2 2:00s
- 1:00 Italy MET%s 1980 Apr 6 2:00
- 1:00 M-Eur MET%s
-# Vatican is identical to Europe/Rome; San Marino is like Europe/Rome.
+ 0:49:56 - RMT 1893 Nov # Rome Mean Time
+ 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul
+ 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1980
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
+
+Link Europe/Rome Europe/Vatican
+Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino
# Latvia
-# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1918 Feb 15.
+
+# From Liene Kanepe <Liene_Kanepe@lm.gov.lv> (1998-09-17):
+
+# I asked about this matter Scientific Secretary of the Institute of Astronomy
+# of The University of Latvia Dr. paed Mr. Ilgonis Vilks. I also searched the
+# correct data in juridical acts and I found some juridical documents about
+# changes in the counting of time in Latvia from 1981....
+#
+# Act No.35 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1981-01-22 ...
+# according to the Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1980-10-24
+# ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning
+# the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on 1 April at 00:00 (GMT 31 March 21:00)
+# and 1 hour backward on the 1 October at 00:00 (GMT 30 September 20:00).
+#
+# Act No.592 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1984-09-24 ...
+# according to the Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1984-09-13
+# ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning
+# the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on the last Sunday of March at 02:00
+# (GMT 23:00 on the previous day) and 1 hour backward on the last Sunday of
+# September at 03:00 (GMT 23:00 on the previous day).
+#
+# Act No.81 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1989-03-22 ...
+# according to the Act No.227 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1989-03-14
+# ...: since the last Sunday of March 1989 in Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR,
+# Estonian SSR and Kaliningrad region of Russian Federation all year round the
+# time of 2nd time zone (Moscow time minus one hour). On the territory of Latvia
+# transition to summer time is performed on the last Sunday of March at 02:00
+# (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour forward. The end of
+# daylight saving time is performed on the last Sunday of September at 03:00
+# (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour backward. Exception is
+# 1989-03-26, when we must not turn the hands of the clock....
+#
+# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Latvia of
+# 1997-01-21 on transition to Summer time ... established the same order of
+# daylight savings time settings as in the States of the European Union.
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Riga 1:36:24 - LMT 1880
- 1:36 - LST 1918 Apr 15 2:00
- 1:36 M-Eur LST%s 1919 Apr 1 2:00
- 1:36 1:00 "LST DST" 1919 May 22 3:00
- 1:36 - LST 1926 May 11
+ 1:36:24 - RMT 1918 Apr 15 2:00 #Riga Mean Time
+ 1:36:24 1:00 LST 1918 Sep 16 3:00 #Latvian Summer
+ 1:36:24 - RMT 1919 Apr 1 2:00
+ 1:36:24 1:00 LST 1919 May 22 3:00
+ 1:36:24 - RMT 1926 May 11
2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 5
3:00 - MSK 1941 Jul
- 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1944 Aug 8
- 3:00 Russia MS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 2:00 1:00 "EET DST" 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
- 2:00 M-Eur EET%s
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 13
+ # Shanks says 1944-08-08, but
+ # Riga fell to the Red Army on 1944-10-13.
+ 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar lastSun 2:00s
+ 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep lastSun 2:00s
+ 2:00 Latvia EE%sT 1997 Jan 21
+ 2:00 EU EE%sT
# Liechtenstein
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Vaduz 0:38:04 - LMT 1894 Jun
- 1:00 - MET 1981 Mar 29 2:00
- 1:00 M-Eur MET%s
+ 1:00 - CET 1981
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
# Lithuania
-# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1918 Feb 15.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880
- 1:24 - LST 1917 # Kaunas
- 1:36 - LST 1919 Oct 10
- 1:00 - MET 1920 Jul 12
+ 1:24:00 - WMT 1917 # Warsaw Mean Time
+ 1:35:36 - KMT 1919 Oct 10 # Kaunas Mean Time
+ 1:00 - CET 1920 Jul 12
2:00 - EET 1920 Oct 9
- 1:00 - MET 1940 Aug 3
+ 1:00 - CET 1940 Aug 3
3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 24
- 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1944 Aug
- 3:00 Russia MS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 2:00 1:00 "EET DST" 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
- 2:00 M-Eur EET%s
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug
+ 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
+ 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998
+ 2:00 - EET 1998 Mar 29 1:00u
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
+# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
+# IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is
+# known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too.
+
+# From Marius Gedminas <mgedmin@pub.osf.lt> (1998-08-07):
+# I would like to inform that in this year Lithuanian time zone
+# (Europe/Vilnius) was changed.
# Luxembourg
# Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways; go with Shanks.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Lux 1904 only - Jun 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S
Rule Lux 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
-Rule Lux 1917 only - Apr 28 23:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Lux 1917 only - Apr 28 23:00 1:00 S
Rule Lux 1917 only - Sep 17 1:00 0 -
-Rule Lux 1918 only - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Lux 1918 only - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Lux 1918 only - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 -
-Rule Lux 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Lux 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00 1:00 S
Rule Lux 1919 only - Oct 5 3:00 0 -
-Rule Lux 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Lux 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S
Rule Lux 1920 only - Oct 24 2:00 0 -
-Rule Lux 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Lux 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00 1:00 S
Rule Lux 1921 only - Oct 26 2:00 0 -
-Rule Lux 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Lux 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00 1:00 S
Rule Lux 1922 only - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 -
-Rule Lux 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Lux 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00 1:00 S
Rule Lux 1923 only - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 -
-Rule Lux 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Lux 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00 1:00 S
Rule Lux 1924 1928 - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 -
-Rule Lux 1925 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Lux 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Lux 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Lux 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Lux 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Lux 1925 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S
+Rule Lux 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 S
+Rule Lux 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 S
+Rule Lux 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00 1:00 S
+Rule Lux 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Luxembourg 0:24:36 - LMT 1904 Jun
- 1:00 Lux MET%s 1918 Nov 25
- 0:00 Lux WET%s 1929 Oct 6 2:00s
- 0:00 Belgium WET%s 1940 May 14 3:00
- 1:00 M-Eur WET%s 1944 Sep 18 3:00
- 1:00 Belgium MET%s 1979 Apr 1 2:00
- 1:00 M-Eur MET%s
+ 1:00 Lux CE%sT 1918 Nov 25
+ 0:00 Lux WE%sT 1929 Oct 6 2:00s
+ 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 14 3:00
+ 1:00 C-Eur WE%sT 1944 Sep 18 3:00
+ 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
# Macedonia
-# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1918 Mar 18.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Europe/Skopje 1:25:44 - LMT 1884
- 1:00 - MET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
- 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 May 8 2:00s
- 1:00 1:00 "MET DST" 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
- 1:00 - MET 1983 Mar 27 2:00s
- 1:00 M-Eur MET%s
+# see Yugoslavia
# Malta
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Malta 1973 only - Mar 31 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Malta 1973 only - Mar 31 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Malta 1973 only - Sep 29 0:00s 0 -
-Rule Malta 1974 only - Apr 21 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Malta 1974 only - Apr 21 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Malta 1974 only - Sep 16 0:00s 0 -
-Rule Malta 1975 1979 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Malta 1975 1979 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Malta 1975 1980 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
-Rule Malta 1980 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Malta 1980 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 # Valletta
- 1:00 Italy MET%s 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
- 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 Apr 2 2:00s
- 1:00 Italy MET%s 1973 Mar 31
- 1:00 Malta MET%s 1981 Mar 29 2:00s
- 1:00 M-Eur MET%s
+ 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s
+ 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1973 Mar 31
+ 1:00 Malta CE%sT 1981
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
# Moldova
-# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1919 Mar 18.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1924 May 2
2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
- 3:00 Russia MS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 2:00 1:00 "EET DST" 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
- 2:00 M-Eur EET%s
+ 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
+ 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT
# Monaco
-# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Whitman's more precise 0:09:05.
+# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's more precise 0:09:21.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15
- 0:09:05 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
- 0:00 France WET%s 1945 Sep 16 3:00
- 1:00 France MET%s 1977 Apr Sun>=1 2:00
- 1:00 M-Eur MET%s
+ 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
+ 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
+ 1:00 France CE%sT 1977
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
# Netherlands
+# Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940,
+# but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Neth 1892 only - May 1 0:00 0 AMT
# Shanks gives 1916 May 1 0:00 and 1916 Oct 1 0:00; go with Whitman.
-Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 NST
-Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 AMT
+Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time
+Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time
Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST
Rule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT
# Whitman gives 1918 Apr 14, 1918 Oct 31, and 1921 Sep 28; go with Shanks.
@@ -1433,7 +1762,7 @@ Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep Mon>=24 2:00s 0 AMT
Rule Neth 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 NST
# Whitman gives 1939 Oct 1; go with Shanks.
-Rule Neth 1922 1939 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT
+Rule Neth 1922 1936 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT
Rule Neth 1923 only - Jun 1 2:00s 1:00 NST
Rule Neth 1924 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 NST
# Whitman gives 1925 Apr 5; go with Shanks.
@@ -1443,484 +1772,593 @@ Rule Neth 1926 1931 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
Rule Neth 1932 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST
Rule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
Rule Neth 1937 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST
+Rule Neth 1937 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Neth 1937 1939 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 -
# Whitman gives 1939 Apr 15 and 1940 Apr 19; go with Shanks.
-Rule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
-Rule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 -
-Rule Neth 1945 only - May 20 2:00s 0 " DST"
+Rule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Neth 1945 only - May 20 2:00s 0 -
# Before 1937, Shanks says just `0:20'; we use Whitman's more precise figure.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:28 - LMT 1892 May
0:19:28 Neth %s 1937 Jul
- 0:20 Neth %s 1940 May 16 0:40
- 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 Apr 2 2:00
- 1:00 Neth MET%s 1977 Apr Sun>=1 2:00
- 1:00 M-Eur MET%s
+ 0:20 Neth NE%sT 1940 May 16 0:40
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
+ 1:00 Neth CE%sT 1977
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
# Norway
+# Gregorian calendar adopted 1700-03-01.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Norway 1892 only - May 1 0:00 0 -
# Whitman gives 1916 May 21 - 1916 Oct 21; go with Shanks.
-Rule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 S
Rule Norway 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
# Shanks omits the following transition; go with Whitman.
-Rule Norway 1935 only - Aug 11 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Norway 1935 only - Aug 11 0:00 1:00 S
# Whitman says DST observed until 1942 Nov 1, then 1943 Mar 29 - Oct 4,
# 1944 Apr 3 - Oct 2, and 1945 Apr 1 - Oct 1; go with Shanks after 1940.
-Rule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Norway 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 -
-Rule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Norway 1959 1965 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
-Rule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895
- 1:00 Norway MET%s 1940 Aug 10 23:00
- 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 Apr 2 2:00
- 1:00 Norway MET%s 1980 Apr 6 2:00
- 1:00 M-Eur MET%s
-# Svalbard is like Europe/Oslo.
-#
+ 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1940 Aug 10 23:00
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
+ 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1980
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
+
+# Svalbard & Jan Mayen
+Link Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen
# From Whitman:
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Atlantic/Jan_Mayen -1:00 - EGT
# Poland
-# Austrian and German Poland switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar
-# on 1582 Oct 15. Russian Poland switched on 1918 Jan 14.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Poland 1918 1919 - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
-Rule Poland 1919 only - Apr 15 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Poland 1919 only - Apr 15 2:00s 1:00 S
# Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks.
Rule Poland 1944 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
# For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks.
-Rule Poland 1945 only - Apr 29 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Poland 1945 only - Apr 29 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Poland 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Poland 1946 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Poland 1946 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Poland 1946 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 -
-Rule Poland 1947 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Poland 1947 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Poland 1947 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Poland 1948 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Poland 1948 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 S
# Whitman also gives 1949 Apr 9 - 1949 Oct 1; go with Shanks.
-Rule Poland 1957 only - Jun 2 1:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Poland 1957 only - Jun 2 1:00s 1:00 S
Rule Poland 1957 1958 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
-Rule Poland 1958 only - Mar 30 1:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Poland 1959 only - May 31 1:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Poland 1958 only - Mar 30 1:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Poland 1959 only - May 31 1:00s 1:00 S
Rule Poland 1959 1961 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00s 0 -
-Rule Poland 1960 only - Apr 3 1:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Poland 1961 1964 - May Sun>=25 1:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Poland 1960 only - Apr 3 1:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Poland 1961 1964 - May Sun>=25 1:00s 1:00 S
Rule Poland 1962 1964 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Warsaw 1:24:00 - LMT 1880
- 1:24 - WMT 1915 Aug 5 # Warsaw Mean Time
- 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1918 Sep 16 3:00
- 2:00 Poland EET%s 1922 Jun
- 1:00 Poland MET%s 1940 Jun 23 2:00
- 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1944 Oct
- 1:00 Poland MET%s 1977 Apr 3 1:00
- 1:00 W-Eur MET%s
+ 1:24:00 - WMT 1915 Aug 5 # Warsaw Mean Time
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Sep 16 3:00
+ 2:00 Poland EE%sT 1922 Jun
+ 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1940 Jun 23 2:00
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct
+ 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1977 Apr 3 1:00
+ 1:00 W-Eur CE%sT
+# IATA SSIM (1991/1996) gives EU rules, but the _The Warsaw Voice_
+# <a href="http://www.contact.waw.pl/voice/v361/NewsInBrief.shtml">
+# http://www.contact.waw.pl/voice/v361/NewsInBrief.shtml (1995-09-24)
+# </a>
+# says the autumn 1995 switch was at 02:00.
+# Stick with W-Eur for now.
# Portugal
+# Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-10-15.
+#
+# From Rui Pedro Salgueiro <rps@inescca.inescc.pt> (1992-11-12):
+# Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone
+# (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC.
+#
+# Martin Bruckmann <martin@ua.pt> (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve
+# that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring.
+# The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-12):
+# IATA SSIM (1991-09) reports several 1991-09 and 1992-09 transitions
+# at 02:00u, not 01:00u. Assume that these are typos.
+# IATA SSIM (1991/1992) reports that the Azores were at -1:00.
+# IATA SSIM (1993-02) says +0:00; later issues (through 1996-09) say -1:00.
+# Guess that the Azores changed to EU rules in 1992 (since that's when Portugal
+# harmonized with the EU), and that they stayed +0:00 that winter.
+#
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Port 1911 only - May 24 0:00 0 -
-Rule Port 1916 only - Jun 17 23:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Port 1916 only - Jun 17 23:00 1:00 S
# Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks.
Rule Port 1916 only - Nov 1 1:00 0 -
-Rule Port 1917 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Port 1917 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Port 1917 1921 - Oct 14 23:00s 0 -
-Rule Port 1918 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Port 1919 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Port 1920 only - Feb 29 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Port 1921 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Port 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Port 1918 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Port 1919 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Port 1920 only - Feb 29 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Port 1921 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Port 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Port 1924 only - Oct 14 23:00s 0 -
-Rule Port 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Port 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Port 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
-Rule Port 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Port 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Port 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Port 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Port 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Port 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Port 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Port 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
# Whitman gives 1931 Oct 8; go with Shanks.
Rule Port 1931 1932 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
-Rule Port 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Port 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S
# Shanks gives 1934 Apr 4; go with Whitman.
-Rule Port 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Port 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S
# Whitman gives 1934 Oct 5; go with Shanks.
Rule Port 1934 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
# Shanks gives 1935 Apr 30; go with Whitman.
-Rule Port 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Port 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Port 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Port 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
# Whitman gives 1937 Apr 2; go with Shanks.
-Rule Port 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Port 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Port 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Port 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Port 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Port 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
# Whitman gives 1939 Oct 7; go with Shanks.
Rule Port 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 -
-Rule Port 1940 only - Feb 24 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Port 1940 only - Feb 24 23:00s 1:00 S
# Shanks gives 1940 Oct 7; go with Whitman.
Rule Port 1940 1941 - Oct 5 23:00s 0 -
-Rule Port 1941 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Port 1942 1945 - Mar Sat>=8 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Port 1942 only - Apr 25 22:00s 2:00 " DDST"
-Rule Port 1942 only - Aug 15 22:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Port 1941 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Port 1942 1945 - Mar Sat>=8 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Port 1942 only - Apr 25 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer
+Rule Port 1942 only - Aug 15 22:00s 1:00 S
Rule Port 1942 1945 - Oct Sat>=24 23:00s 0 -
-Rule Port 1943 only - Apr 17 22:00s 2:00 " DDST"
-Rule Port 1943 1945 - Aug Sat>=25 22:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Port 1944 1945 - Apr Sat>=21 22:00s 2:00 " DDST"
-Rule Port 1946 only - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Port 1943 only - Apr 17 22:00s 2:00 M
+Rule Port 1943 1945 - Aug Sat>=25 22:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Port 1944 1945 - Apr Sat>=21 22:00s 2:00 M
+Rule Port 1946 only - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Port 1946 only - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
-Rule Port 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Port 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Port 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
# Shanks says DST was observed in 1950; go with Whitman.
# Whitman gives Oct lastSun for 1952 on; go with Shanks.
-Rule Port 1951 1965 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Port 1951 1965 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Port 1951 1965 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
-Rule Port 1977 only - Mar 27 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Port 1977 only - Mar 27 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Port 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00s 0 -
-Rule Port 1978 1979 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Port 1978 1979 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Port 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
Rule Port 1979 1982 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
-Rule Port 1980 only - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Port 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Port 1983 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Port 1980 only - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Port 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Port 1983 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:32 - LMT 1884
- -0:37 - LMT 1911 May 24 # Lisbon Mean Time
- 0:00 Port WET%s 1966 Apr 3 2:00
- 1:00 - MET 1976 Sep 26 1:00
- 0:00 Port WET%s 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
- 0:00 W-Eur WET%s 1992 Sep 27 1:00s
-# From Rui Pedro Salgueiro <rps@inescca.inescc.pt> (November 12, 1992):
-# Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone
-# (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC.
- 1:00 M-Eur MET%s
-# We don't know what happened to Madeira or the Azores,
-# so we'll just use Shanks for now.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+ -0:36:32 - LMT 1911 May 24 # Lisbon Mean Time
+ 0:00 Port WE%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00
+ 1:00 - CET 1976 Sep 26 1:00
+ 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
+ 0:00 W-Eur WE%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT 1996 Mar 31 1:00u
+ 0:00 EU WE%sT
Zone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada
-1:55 - HMT 1911 May 24 # Horta Mean Time
- -2:00 Port ACT%s 1966 Apr 3 2:00
- -1:00 - ACT 1977 Mar 27
- -1:00 - ACT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
- -1:00 W-Eur ACT%s
+ -2:00 Port AZO%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Azores Time
+ -1:00 Port AZO%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
+ -1:00 W-Eur AZO%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s
+ 0:00 EU WE%sT 1993 Mar 28 1:00u
+ -1:00 EU AZO%sT
Zone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal
-1:08 - FMT 1911 May 24 # Funchal Mean Time
- -1:00 Port ACT%s 1966 Apr 3 2:00
- 0:00 - WET 1977 Mar 27
- 0:00 Port WET%s 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
- 0:00 W-Eur WET%s
-
-# Slovakia
-Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava
+ -1:00 Port MAD%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Madeira Time
+ 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
+ 0:00 EU WE%sT
# Romania
-# Catholic Romania switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on
-# on 1919 Mar 18. Greek Orthodox Romania switched on 1920 Mar 18.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Romania 1931 only - Jul 24 0:00 0 -
-Rule Romania 1932 only - May 21 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Romania 1932 only - May 21 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Romania 1932 1939 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 -
-Rule Romania 1933 1939 - Apr Sun>=2 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Romania 1979 only - May 27 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Romania 1933 1939 - Apr Sun>=2 0:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Romania 1979 only - May 27 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Romania 1979 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
-Rule Romania 1980 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Romania 1980 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S
Rule Romania 1980 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
+Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct
- 1:44 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
- 2:00 Romania EET%s 1981 Mar 29 2:00s
- 2:00 M-Eur EET%s
+ 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
+ 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00s
+ 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991
+ 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1994
+ 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT
# Russia
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (May 28, 1994):
-# Moscow and Novosibirsk time zone names, and Moscow rules after 1991,
-# are from Andrew A. Chernov <ache@astral.msk.su>.
-# I invented the other time zone names, and (unless otherwise specified)
-# guessed what happened after 1991; the clocks were chaotic, and we know little.
-# The rest is from Shanks.
+
+# From Chris Carrier <72157.3334@CompuServe.COM> (1996-12-02):
+# On 1929-10-01 the Soviet Union instituted an ``Eternal Calendar''
+# with 30-day months plus 5 holidays, with a 5-day week.
+# On 1931-12-01 it changed to a 6-day week; in 1934 it reverted to the
+# Gregorian calendar while retaining the 6-day week; on 1940-06-27 it
+# reverted to the 7-day week. With the 6-day week the usual days
+# off were the 6th, 12th, 18th, 24th and 30th of the month.
+# (Source: Evitiar Zerubavel, _The Seven Day Circle_)
+#
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-11-22):
+# Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations,
+# and (unless otherwise specified) guessed what happened after 1991.
+# Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991,
+# are from Andrey A. Chernov. The rest is from Shanks and the IATA.
+#
+# From Andrey A. Chernov <ache@nagual.ru> (1996-10-04):
+# `MSK' and `MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with
+# Unix-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group)....
+# The next step was the UUCP network, the Relcom predecessor
+# (used mainly for mail), and MSK/MSD was actively used there.
+#
+# From Chris Carrier <72157.3334@CompuServe.COM> (1996-10-30):
+# According to a friend of mine who rode the Trans-Siberian Railroad from
+# Moscow to Irkutsk in 1995, public air and rail transport in Russia ...
+# still follows Moscow time, no matter where in Russia it is located.
#
-# From Shanks (1991):
-# Western Russia switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar
-# on 1918 Jan 14. Eastern Russia switched on 1920 Mar 18.
-# In 1929 the Soviet Union instituted a 5 day week; in 1932 it instituted
-# a 6 day week; on 1940 Jun 27 it returned to the Gregorian week.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Europe/Kaliningrad 1:22:00 - LMT 1893 Apr
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945
+ 2:00 Poland CET 1946
+ 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
+ 2:00 - EET 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+ 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1994
+# IATA SSIM (1994-02) says Kaliningrad is at UTC+2; guess 1994 change.
+ 2:00 Russia EE%sT
Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:20 - LMT 1880
- 2:31 Russia LST%s 1919 Jul 1 2:00
- 3:00 Russia MS%s 1922 Oct
+ 2:30:20 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 2:00
+ 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1922 Oct
2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
- 3:00 Russia MS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 2:00 1:00 "EET DST" 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
+ 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
2:00 - EET 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
- 3:00 Russia MS%s
-Zone Europe/Kuybyshev 3:20:36 - LMT 1924 May 2
- 3:00 - KSK 1957 Mar
- 4:00 Russia KS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 3:00 1:00 KSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
- 3:00 - KSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
- 4:00 Russia KS%s
+ 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD
+Zone Europe/Samara 3:20:36 - LMT 1924 May 2
+ 3:00 - KUYT 1957 Mar # Kuybyshev Time
+ 4:00 Russia KUY%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 3:00 1:00 KUYST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
+ 3:00 - SAMT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s # Samara Time
+ 4:00 Russia SAM%sT
Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:34 - LMT 1924 May 2
- 4:00 - SSK 1957 Mar
- 5:00 Russia SS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 4:00 1:00 SSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
- 4:00 - SSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
- 5:00 Russia ES%s # name change from Sverdlovsk
+ 4:00 - SVET 1957 Mar # Sverdlovsk Time
+ 5:00 Russia SVE%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 4:00 1:00 SVEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
+ 4:00 - SVET 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+ 5:00 Russia YEK%sT # Yekaterinburg Time
Zone Asia/Omsk 4:53:36 - LMT 1924 May 2
- 5:00 - OSK 1957 Mar
- 6:00 Russia OS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 5:00 1:00 OSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
- 5:00 - OSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
- 6:00 Russia OS%s
-# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski <S.A.Kuz@iae.nsk.su> (June 29, 1994):
+ 5:00 - OMST 1957 Mar # Omsk Time
+ 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 5:00 1:00 OMSST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
+ 5:00 - OMST 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+ 6:00 Russia OMS%sT
+# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski <S.A.Kuz@iae.nsk.su> (1994-06-29):
# But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow!
# I do not know why they have decided to make this change;
# as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching
# so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch.
-# Tomsk is still 4 hours ahead of Moscow.
Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1924 May 2
- 6:00 - NSK 1957 Mar
- 7:00 Russia NS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 6:00 1:00 NSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
- 6:00 - NSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
- 7:00 Russia NS%s 1994 Mar 27 2:00s
- 6:00 1:00 NSD 1994 Sep 25 2:00s
- 6:00 Russia NS%s
-Zone Asia/Tomsk 5:39:52 - LMT 1924 May 2
- 6:00 - TSK 1957 Mar
- 7:00 Russia TS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 6:00 1:00 TSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
- 6:00 - TSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
- 7:00 Russia TS%s
+ 6:00 - NOVT 1957 Mar # Novosibirsk Time
+ 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 6:00 1:00 NOVST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
+ 6:00 - NOVT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+ 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1994 Mar 27 2:00s
+ 6:00 1:00 NOVST 1994 Sep 25 2:00s
+ 6:00 Russia NOV%sT
+Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk 6:11:20 - LMT 1924 May 2
+ 6:00 - KRAT 1957 Mar # Krasnoyarsk Time
+ 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 6:00 1:00 KRAST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
+ 6:00 - KRAT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+ 7:00 Russia KRA%sT
Zone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:20 - LMT 1880
- 6:57 - LST 1924 May 2
- 7:00 - ISK 1957 Mar
- 8:00 Russia IS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 7:00 1:00 ISD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
- 7:00 - ISK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
- 8:00 Russia IS%s
+ 6:57:20 - IMT 1924 May 2 # Irkutsk Mean Time
+ 7:00 - IRKT 1957 Mar # Irkutsk Time
+ 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 7:00 1:00 IRKST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
+ 7:00 - IRKT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+ 8:00 Russia IRK%sT
Zone Asia/Yakutsk 8:38:40 - LMT 1924 May 2
- 8:00 - YSK 1957 Mar
- 9:00 Russia YS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 8:00 1:00 YSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
- 8:00 - YSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
- 9:00 Russia YS%s
+ 8:00 - YAKT 1957 Mar # Yakutsk Time
+ 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 8:00 1:00 YAKST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
+ 8:00 - YAKT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+ 9:00 Russia YAK%sT
Zone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:44 - LMT 1880
- 8:48 - LST 1924 May 2
- 9:00 - VSK 1957 Mar
- 10:00 Russia VS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 9:00 1:00 VSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
- 9:00 - VSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
- 10:00 Russia VS%s
-# MSK is taken; settle for GSK.
+ 8:47:44 - VMT 1924 May 2 # Vladivostok MT
+ 9:00 - VLAT 1957 Mar # Vladivostok Time
+ 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 9:00 1:00 VLAST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
+ 9:00 - VLAT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+ 10:00 Russia VLA%sT
Zone Asia/Magadan 10:03:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
- 10:00 - GSK 1957 Mar
- 11:00 Russia GS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 10:00 1:00 GSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
- 10:00 - GSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
- 11:00 Russia GS%s
+ 10:00 - MAGT 1957 Mar # Magadan Time
+ 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 10:00 1:00 MAGST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
+ 10:00 - MAGT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+ 11:00 Russia MAG%sT
# This name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski, but that's too long.
Zone Asia/Kamchatka 10:34:36 - LMT 1924 May 2
- 11:00 - PSK 1957 Mar
- 12:00 Russia PS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 11:00 1:00 PSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
- 11:00 - PSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
- 12:00 Russia PS%s
+ 11:00 - PETT 1957 Mar # P-K Time
+ 12:00 Russia PET%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 11:00 1:00 PETST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
+ 11:00 - PETT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+ 12:00 Russia PET%sT
Zone Asia/Anadyr 11:49:56 - LMT 1924 May 2
- 12:00 - ASK 1957 Mar
- 13:00 Russia AS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 12:00 1:00 ASD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
- 12:00 - ASK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
- 13:00 Russia AS%s
-
-# Serbia
-# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1918 Mar 18.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884
- 1:00 - MET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
- 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 May 8 2:00s
- 1:00 1:00 "MET DST" 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
- 1:00 - MET 1983 Mar 27 2:00s
- 1:00 M-Eur MET%s
+ 12:00 - ANAT 1957 Mar # Anadyr Time
+ 13:00 Russia ANA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 12:00 1:00 ANAST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
+ 12:00 - ANAT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+ 13:00 Russia ANA%sT
+
+# Slovakia
+Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava
# Slovenia
-# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1918 Mar 18.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Europe/Ljubljana 0:58:04 - LMT 1884
- 1:00 - MET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
- 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 May 8 2:00s
- 1:00 1:00 "MET DST" 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
- 1:00 - MET 1983 Mar 27 2:00s
- 1:00 M-Eur MET%s
+# see Yugoslavia
# Spain
+# Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-10-15.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Spain 1901 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
# For 1917-1919 Whitman gives Apr Sat>=1 - Oct Sat>=1; go with Shanks.
-Rule Spain 1917 only - May 5 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Spain 1917 only - May 5 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Spain 1917 1919 - Oct 6 23:00s 0 -
-Rule Spain 1918 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Spain 1919 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Spain 1918 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Spain 1919 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S
# Whitman gives 1921 Feb 28 - Oct 14; go with Shanks.
-Rule Spain 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Spain 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S
# Whitman gives 1924 Oct 14; go with Shanks.
Rule Spain 1924 only - Oct 4 23:00s 0 -
-Rule Spain 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Spain 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
# Whitman says no DST in 1929; go with Shanks.
Rule Spain 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
-Rule Spain 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Spain 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Spain 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Spain 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Spain 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Spain 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S
# Whitman gives 1937 Jun 16, 1938 Apr 16, 1940 Apr 13; go with Shanks.
-Rule Spain 1937 only - May 22 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Spain 1937 only - May 22 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Spain 1937 1939 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
-Rule Spain 1938 only - Mar 22 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Spain 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Spain 1940 only - Mar 16 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Spain 1938 only - Mar 22 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Spain 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Spain 1940 only - Mar 16 23:00s 1:00 S
# Whitman says no DST 1942-1945; go with Shanks.
-Rule Spain 1942 only - May 2 22:00s 2:00 " DDST"
-Rule Spain 1942 only - Sep 1 22:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Spain 1943 1946 - Apr Sat>=13 22:00s 2:00 " DDST"
-Rule Spain 1943 only - Oct 3 22:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Spain 1944 only - Oct 10 22:00s 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Spain 1945 only - Sep 30 1:00 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Spain 1949 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Spain 1942 only - May 2 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer
+Rule Spain 1942 only - Sep 1 22:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Spain 1943 1946 - Apr Sat>=13 22:00s 2:00 M
+Rule Spain 1943 only - Oct 3 22:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Spain 1944 only - Oct 10 22:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Spain 1945 only - Sep 30 1:00 1:00 S
+Rule Spain 1946 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
+Rule Spain 1949 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S
Rule Spain 1949 only - Sep 30 1:00 0 -
-Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Apr Sat>=13 23:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Apr Sat>=13 23:00 1:00 S
Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 -
-Rule Spain 1976 only - Mar 27 23:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Spain 1976 only - Mar 27 23:00 1:00 S
Rule Spain 1976 1977 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
-Rule Spain 1977 1978 - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Spain 1977 1978 - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 S
Rule Spain 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
+# The following rules are copied from Morocco from 1967 through 1978.
+Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S
+Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule SpainAfrica 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule SpainAfrica 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule SpainAfrica 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
+Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Madrid -0:14:44 - LMT 1901
- 0:00 Spain WET%s 1946 Sep 30
- 1:00 Spain MET%s 1979 Apr 1 2:00
- 1:00 M-Eur MET%s
+ 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1946 Sep 30
+ 1:00 Spain CE%sT 1979
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
+Zone Africa/Ceuta -0:21:16 - LMT 1901
+ 0:00 - WET 1918 May 6 23:00
+ 0:00 1:00 WEST 1918 Oct 7 23:00
+ 0:00 - WET 1924
+ 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1929
+ 0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT 1984 Mar 16
+ 1:00 - CET 1986
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C.
- -1:00 - ACT 1946 Sep 30 1:00
+ -1:00 - CANT 1946 Sep 30 1:00 # Canaries Time
0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s
- 0:00 1:00 "WET DST" 1980 Sep 28 0:00s
- 0:00 W-Eur WET%s
+ 0:00 1:00 WEST 1980 Sep 28 0:00s
+ 0:00 EU WE%sT
+# IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u.
+# Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU.
# Sweden
+
+# From: msb@sq.com (Mark Brader)
+# <a href="news:1996Jul6.012937.29190@sq.com">
+# Subject: Re: Gregorian reform -- a part of locale?
+# </a>
+# Date: 1996-07-06
+#
+# In 1700, Denmark made the transition from Julian to Gregorian. Sweden
+# decided to *start* a transition in 1700 as well, but rather than have one of
+# those unsightly calendar gaps :-), they simply decreed that the next leap
+# year after 1696 would be in 1744 -- putting the whole country on a calendar
+# different from both Julian and Gregorian for a period of 40 years.
+#
+# However, in 1704 something went wrong and the plan was not carried through;
+# they did, after all, have a leap year that year. And one in 1708. In 1712
+# they gave it up and went back to Julian, putting 30 days in February that
+# year!...
+#
+# Then in 1753, Sweden made the transition to Gregorian in the usual manner,
+# getting there only 13 years behind the original schedule.
+#
+# (A previous posting of this story was challenged, and Swedish readers
+# produced the following references to support it: "Tiderakning och historia"
+# by Natanael Beckman (1924) and "Tid, en bok om tiderakning och
+# kalendervasen" by Lars-Olof Lode'n (no date was given).)
+
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1878 May 31
- 1:12 - SMT 1900 Jan 1 1:00 # Stockholm MT
- 1:00 - MET 1916 Apr 14 23:00s
- 1:00 1:00 "MET DST" 1916 Sep 30 23:00s
- 1:00 - MET 1980 Apr 6 2:00
- 1:00 M-Eur MET%s
+ 1:12:12 - SMT 1900 Jan 1 1:00 # Stockholm MT
+ 1:00 - CET 1916 Apr 14 23:00s
+ 1:00 1:00 CEST 1916 Sep 30 23:00s
+ 1:00 - CET 1980
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
# Switzerland
+# The Gregorian calendar was introduced gradually in Switzerland,
+# by omitting leap years during 1583-1812.
# From Howse (1988), p 82:
# By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace
# and their performance improved enormously. Communities began to keep
# mean time in preference to apparent time -- Geneva from 1780 ....
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Swiss 1894 only - Jun 1 0:00 0 -
# From Whitman (who writes ``Midnight?''):
-Rule Swiss 1940 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Swiss 1940 only - Dec 31 0:00 0 " DST"
+Rule Swiss 1940 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Swiss 1940 only - Dec 31 0:00 0 -
# From Shanks (1991):
-Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 " DST"
+Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1848 Sep 12
- 0:30 - SST 1894 Jun # Swiss Standard Time
- 1:00 Swiss MET%s 1981 Mar 29 2:00
- 1:00 M-Eur MET%s
+ 0:29:44 - BMT 1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time
+ 1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
# Turkey
-# European Turkey switched to the Gregorian calendar in 1908.
-# Asian Turkey switched in 1914.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Turkey 1910 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Turkey 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Turkey 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Turkey 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Turkey 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Turkey 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Turkey 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 -
-Rule Turkey 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Turkey 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Turkey 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
-Rule Turkey 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Turkey 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Turkey 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
# Whitman gives 1923 Apr 28 - Sep 16 and no DST in 1924-1925; go with Shanks.
-Rule Turkey 1924 only - May 13 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Turkey 1924 only - May 13 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Turkey 1924 1925 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Turkey 1925 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Turkey 1925 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
# Shanks omits the first two transitions in 1940; go with Whitman.
-Rule Turkey 1940 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Turkey 1940 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Turkey 1940 only - Oct 5 0:00 0 -
-Rule Turkey 1940 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Turkey 1940 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Turkey 1941 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
-Rule Turkey 1942 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Turkey 1942 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
# Whitman omits the next two transition and gives 1945 Oct 1; go with Shanks.
Rule Turkey 1942 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Turkey 1945 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Turkey 1945 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Turkey 1945 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
-Rule Turkey 1946 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Turkey 1946 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Turkey 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Turkey 1947 1948 - Apr Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Turkey 1947 1948 - Apr Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Turkey 1947 1950 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 -
-Rule Turkey 1949 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Turkey 1950 only - Apr 19 0:00 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Turkey 1951 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Turkey 1949 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Turkey 1950 only - Apr 19 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Turkey 1951 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Turkey 1951 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
-Rule Turkey 1962 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Turkey 1962 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Turkey 1962 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
-Rule Turkey 1964 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Turkey 1964 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Turkey 1964 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - May Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - May Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 -
-Rule Turkey 1973 only - Jun 3 1:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Turkey 1973 only - Jun 3 1:00 1:00 S
Rule Turkey 1973 only - Nov 4 3:00 0 -
-Rule Turkey 1974 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Turkey 1974 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Turkey 1974 only - Nov 3 5:00 0 -
-Rule Turkey 1975 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Turkey 1975 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Turkey 1975 1976 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
-Rule Turkey 1976 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Turkey 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Turkey 1976 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Turkey 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Turkey 1977 only - Oct 16 0:00 0 -
-Rule Turkey 1979 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 3:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Turkey 1979 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 3:00 1:00 S
Rule Turkey 1979 1982 - Oct Mon>=11 0:00 0 -
-Rule Turkey 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 3:00 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Turkey 1983 only - Jul 31 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Turkey 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 3:00 1:00 S
+Rule Turkey 1983 only - Jul 31 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Turkey 1983 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
-Rule Turkey 1985 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 " DST"
+Rule Turkey 1985 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Turkey 1985 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Istanbul 1:55:52 - LMT 1880
- 1:57 - OMT 1910 Oct # Ottoman Mean Time
- 2:00 Turkey EET%s 1978 Oct 15
- 3:00 Turkey TUR%s 1985 Apr 20
- 2:00 Turkey EET%s 1986
- 2:00 M-Eur EET%s
+ 1:56:56 - IMT 1910 Oct # Istanbul Mean Time?
+ 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1978 Oct 15
+ 3:00 Turkey TR%sT 1985 Apr 20 # Turkey Time
+ 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1986
+ 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991
+ 2:00 EU EE%sT
Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents.
# Ukraine
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Ukraine 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Ukraine 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 -
-Rule Ukraine 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Ukraine 1921 only - Mar 21 23:00 2:00 " DDST"
-Rule Ukraine 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
-Rule Ukraine 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Ukraine 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 UST # Ukrainian Summer Time
+Rule Ukraine 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 KMT # Kiev Mean Time
+Rule Ukraine 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 UDST # Ukrainian Double Summer Time
+Rule Ukraine 1918 only - Sep 17 0:00 1:00 UST
+Rule Ukraine 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 UDST
+Rule Ukraine 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 UST
+Rule Ukraine 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 KMT
+Rule Ukraine 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 UST
+Rule Ukraine 1921 only - Mar 21 23:00 2:00 UDST
+Rule Ukraine 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 UST
+Rule Ukraine 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 KMT
+Rule Crimea 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 CST # Crimean Summer Time
+Rule Crimea 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 NMT # Nikolayev Mean Time
+Rule Crimea 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 CDST # Crimean Double Summer Time
+Rule Crimea 1918 only - Sep 17 0:00 1:00 CST
+Rule Crimea 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 CDST
+Rule Crimea 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 CST
+Rule Crimea 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 NMT
+Rule Crimea 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 CST
+Rule Crimea 1921 only - Mar 21 23:00 2:00 CDST
+Rule Crimea 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 CST
+Rule Crimea 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 NMT
+Rule Crimea 1996 only - Mar lastSun 0:00u 1:00 -
+Rule Crimea 1996 only - Oct lastSun 0:00u 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Kiev 2:02:04 - LMT 1880
- 2:02 Russia LST%s 1919 Jul 1 2:00
- 2:02 Ukraine LST%s 1924 May 2
+ 2:02:04 Ukraine %s 1924 May 2
2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
- 3:00 Russia MS%s 1990 Jul 17
- 2:00 M-Eur EET%s
+ 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 Jul 17
+ 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1996
+ 2:00 EU EE%sT
Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880
- 2:08 Russia LST%s 1919 Jul 1 2:00
- 2:08 Ukraine LST%s 1924 May 2
+ 2:08:00 Crimea %s 1924 May 2
2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
- 3:00 Russia MS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
- 2:00 1:00 "EET DST" 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (May 28, 1994):
-# Today's _Economist_ (p 45) reports that Crimea switched
-# from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January elections.
-# For now, we'll guess that there was a 2-hour leap forward on March 27.
- 2:00 M-Eur EET%s 1994 Mar 27 2:00s
- 3:00 Russia MS%s
+ 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-10-21):
+# The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that most of Crimea switched
+# from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections.
+# For now, guess it changed Feb 1.
+ 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1994 Feb
+# From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev.
+ 3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996
+# IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST.
+# Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks.
+ 3:00 Crimea MSK/MSD 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u
+ 2:00 EU EE%sT
+
+# Yugoslavia
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884
+ 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s
+ 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
+# Metod Kozelj <metod.kozelj@rzs-hm.si> reports that the legal date of
+# transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time.
+# Shanks doesn't give as much detail, so go with Kozelj.
+ 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
+Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana # Slovenia
+Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo # Bosnia and Herzegovina
+Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje # Macedonia
+Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Zagreb # Croatia
###############################################################################
@@ -1990,28 +2428,10 @@ Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880
# INTERNET : dik@cwi.nl
# BITNET/EARN: dik@mcvax
-# From Bob Devine (January 28, 1988):
+# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
# ...
# Greece: Last Sunday in April to last Sunday in September (iffy on dates).
# Since 1978. Change at midnight.
# ...
# Monaco: has same DST as France.
# ...
-
-# ...
-# Date: Fri, 3 Sep 93 13:43:41 BST
-# From: Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk>
-# ...
-# Turning to Europe, I now have a copy of the `Sixth Council Directive 92/20/EEC
-# of 26 March 1992 on summertime arrangements'. This only covers 1993 and
-# 1994, a seventh one is in the works but I doubt that the algorithm will
-# change. This says summertime starts at 01:00 GMT on the last Sunday in March
-# and ends at 01:00 GMT on the last Sunday in September, except for the UK
-# and Eire where it ends at 01:00 GMT on the fourth Sunday in October.
-# It says the arrangements for 1995 onwards will be decided by 1 January 1994,
-# but as the sixth directive was supposed to appear by 1 Jan 92 and didn't
-# arrive til March I wouldn't hold your breath.
-#
-# The first summertime directive was adopted in 1980, although the UK didn't
-# seem to use it until 1981. I suspect it would be safe to move your start
-# dates for the -Eur rules back to 1981.
diff --git a/share/zoneinfo/factory b/share/zoneinfo/factory
index d95df23..ba27c63 100644
--- a/share/zoneinfo/factory
+++ b/share/zoneinfo/factory
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# @(#)factory 7.1
+# @(#)factory 7.3
# For companies who don't want to put time zone specification in
# their installation procedures. When users run date, they'll get the message.
diff --git a/share/zoneinfo/iso3166.tab b/share/zoneinfo/iso3166.tab
index 3daf4ab..a3b2bee 100644
--- a/share/zoneinfo/iso3166.tab
+++ b/share/zoneinfo/iso3166.tab
@@ -3,9 +3,16 @@
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-09-03):
#
# This file contains a table with the following columns:
-# 1. ISO 3166 2-character country code.
+# 1. ISO 3166-1:1997 2-character country code. See:
# 2. The usual English name for the country,
# chosen so that alphabetic sorting of subsets produces helpful lists.
+# This is not the same as the English name in the ISO 3166 tables.
+#
+# The PS code below has been reserved for Palestine by the ISO;
+# however, the code is not yet officially assigned to Palestine. Please see
+# <a href="ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-erlangen.de/pub/doc/ISO/ISO-3166-background">
+# Cord Wischhoefer, Country Code Elements for Palestine (1996-07-24)
+# </a>.
#
# Columns are separated by a single tab.
# The table is sorted by country code.
@@ -51,8 +58,9 @@ BY Belarus
BZ Belize
CA Canada
CC Cocos (Keeling) Islands
+CD Congo (Dem. Rep.)
CF Central African Rep.
-CG Congo
+CG Congo (Rep.)
CH Switzerland
CI Cote d'Ivoire
CK Cook Islands
@@ -85,6 +93,7 @@ FK Falkland Islands
FM Micronesia
FO Faeroe Islands
FR France
+FX France, Metropolitan
GA Gabon
GB Britain (UK)
GD Grenada
@@ -103,7 +112,6 @@ GT Guatemala
GU Guam
GW Guinea-Bissau
GY Guyana
-HK Hong Kong
HM Heard Island & McDonald Islands
HN Honduras
HR Croatia
@@ -187,6 +195,7 @@ PL Poland
PM St Pierre & Miquelon
PN Pitcairn
PR Puerto Rico
+PS Palestine
PT Portugal
PW Palau
PY Paraguay
@@ -250,5 +259,4 @@ YT Mayotte
YU Yugoslavia
ZA South Africa
ZM Zambia
-ZR Zaire
ZW Zimbabwe
diff --git a/share/zoneinfo/leapseconds b/share/zoneinfo/leapseconds
index d610692..1cd114b 100644
--- a/share/zoneinfo/leapseconds
+++ b/share/zoneinfo/leapseconds
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# @(#)leapseconds 7.7
+# @(#)leapseconds 7.11
# Allowance for leapseconds added to each timezone file.
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
# Leap YEAR MON DAY 23:59:59 - R/S
# If the leapsecond is Rolling (R) the given time is local time
-# If the leapsecond is Stationary (S) the given time is GMT
+# If the leapsecond is Stationary (S) the given time is UTC
# Leap YEAR MONTH DAY HH:MM:SS CORR R/S
Leap 1972 Jun 30 23:59:60 + S
@@ -39,3 +39,6 @@ Leap 1990 Dec 31 23:59:60 + S
Leap 1992 Jun 30 23:59:60 + S
Leap 1993 Jun 30 23:59:60 + S
Leap 1994 Jun 30 23:59:60 + S
+Leap 1995 Dec 31 23:59:60 + S
+Leap 1997 Jun 30 23:59:60 + S
+Leap 1998 Dec 31 23:59:60 + S
diff --git a/share/zoneinfo/northamerica b/share/zoneinfo/northamerica
index 9cd74b1..150ba3d 100644
--- a/share/zoneinfo/northamerica
+++ b/share/zoneinfo/northamerica
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
-# @(#)northamerica 7.11
+# @(#)northamerica 7.41
# also includes Central America and the Caribbean
# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (August 17, 1994):
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1994-08-17):
# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and the discovery of the longitude,
# Oxford University Press (1980).
@@ -14,25 +14,42 @@
# United States
-# From Arthur David Olson:
-# US Daylight Saving Time ended on the last Sunday of *October* in 1974.
-# See, for example, the front page of the Saturday, October 26, 1974
-# and Sunday, October 27, 1974 editions of the Washington Post.
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1995-12-19):
+# A good source for time zone historical data in the US is
+# Thomas G. Shanks, The American Atlas (5th edition),
+# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991).
+# Make sure you have the errata sheet; the book is somewhat useless without it.
+# It is the source for the US and Puerto Rico entries below.
-# From seismo!munnari!kre:
-# I recall also being told by someone once that Canada didn't have
-# the DST variations in 74/75 that the US did, but I am not nearly
-# sure enough of this to add anything.
+# From Paul Eggert (1996-06-12):
+# Daylight Saving Time was first suggested as a joke by Benjamin Franklin
+# in his whimsical essay ``Turkey vs Eagle, McCauley is my Beagle'' (1784).
+# Not everyone is happy with the results:
+#
+# I don't really care how time is reckoned so long as there is some
+# agreement about it, but I object to being told that I am saving
+# daylight when my reason tells me that I am doing nothing of the kind.
+# I even object to the implication that I am wasting something
+# valuable if I stay in bed after the sun has risen. As an admirer
+# of moonlight I resent the bossy insistence of those who want to
+# reduce my time for enjoying it. At the back of the Daylight Saving
+# scheme I detect the bony, blue-fingered hand of Puritanism, eager
+# to push people into bed earlier, and get them up earlier, to make
+# them healthy, wealthy and wise in spite of themselves.
+#
+# -- Robertson Davies, The Diary of Samuel Marchbanks (1947), XIX, Sunday
# From Arthur David Olson:
-# The above has been confirmed by Bob Devine; we'll go with it here.
+# US Daylight Saving Time ended on the last Sunday of *October* in 1974.
+# See, for example, the front page of the Saturday, 1974-10-26
+# and Sunday, 1974-10-27 editions of the Washington Post.
# From Arthur David Olson:
# Before the Uniform Time Act of 1966 took effect in 1967, observance of
# Daylight Saving Time in the US was by local option, except during wartime.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule US 1918 1919 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule US 1918 1919 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 W # War
Rule US 1918 1919 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
Rule US 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W # War
Rule US 1945 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S
@@ -43,7 +60,7 @@ Rule US 1975 only - Feb 23 2:00 1:00 D
Rule US 1976 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
Rule US 1987 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
-# From Bob Devine (January 28, 1988):
+# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
# ...Alaska (and Hawaii) had the timezone names changed in 1967.
# old new
# Pacific Standard Time(PST) -same-
@@ -55,7 +72,11 @@ Rule US 1987 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
# The YST zone now covers nearly all of the state, AHST just part
# of the Aleutian islands. No DST.
-# From U. S. Naval Observatory (January 19, 1989):
+# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
+# The tables below use `NST', not `NT', for Nome Standard Time.
+# I invented `CAWT' for Central Alaska War Time.
+
+# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
# USA EASTERN 5 H BEHIND UTC NEW YORK, WASHINGTON
# USA EASTERN 4 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 30
# USA CENTRAL 6 H BEHIND UTC CHICAGO, HOUSTON
@@ -71,16 +92,16 @@ Rule US 1987 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
# USA HAWAII 10 H BEHIND UTC
# USA BERING 11 H BEHIND UTC SAMOA, MIDWAY
-# From Arthur David Olson (January 21, 1989):
+# From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-21):
# The above dates are for 1988.
# Note the "AKST" and "AKDT" abbreviations, the claim that there's
# no DST in Samoa, and the claim that there is DST in Alaska and the
# Aleutians.
-# From Arthur David Olson (February 13, 1988):
+# From Arthur David Olson (1988-02-13):
# Legal standard time zone names, from United States Code (1982 Edition and
# Supplement III), Title 15, Chapter 6, Section 260 and forward. First, names
-# up to April 1, 1967 (when most provisions of the Uniform Time Act of 1966
+# up to 1967-04-01 (when most provisions of the Uniform Time Act of 1966
# took effect), as explained in sections 263 and 261:
# (none)
# United States standard eastern time
@@ -90,7 +111,7 @@ Rule US 1987 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
# (none)
# United States standard Alaska time
# (none)
-# Next, names from April 1, 1967 until November 30, 1983 (the date for
+# Next, names from 1967-04-01 until 1983-11-30 (the date for
# public law 98-181):
# Atlantic standard time
# eastern standard time
@@ -100,7 +121,7 @@ Rule US 1987 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
# Yukon standard time
# Alaska-Hawaii standard time
# Bering standard time
-# And after November 30, 1983:
+# And after 1983-11-30:
# Atlantic standard time
# eastern standard time
# central standard time
@@ -110,90 +131,316 @@ Rule US 1987 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
# Hawaii-Aleutian standard time
# Samoa standard time
# The law doesn't give abbreviations.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
+# Shanks uses 1983-10-30, not 1983-11-30, for the 1983 transitions.
+# Go with Shanks.
+
+# US Eastern time, represented by New York
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
+Rule NYC 1920 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule NYC 1920 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule NYC 1921 1966 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule NYC 1921 1954 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule NYC 1955 1966 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone America/New_York -4:56:02 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:00
+ -5:00 US E%sT 1920
+ -5:00 NYC E%sT 1942
+ -5:00 US E%sT 1946
+ -5:00 NYC E%sT 1967
+ -5:00 US E%sT
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (August 16, 1994):
-# Howse writes that Alaska switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar,
-# and from east-of-GMT to west-of-GMT days, in 1867 when the US purchased it
-# from Russia. We don't have this data pinned down yet, though.
-
-# Easy stuff first--including Alaska, where we ignore history (since we
-# can't tell if we should give Yukon time or Alaska-Hawaii time for "old"
-# times).
+# US Central time, represented by Chicago
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
+Rule Chicago 1920 only - Jun 13 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Chicago 1920 1921 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule Chicago 1921 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Chicago 1922 1966 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Chicago 1922 1954 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule Chicago 1955 1966 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone America/Chicago -5:50:36 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:00
+ -6:00 US C%sT 1920
+ -6:00 Chicago C%sT 1936 Mar 1 2:00
+ -5:00 - EST 1936 Nov 15 2:00
+ -6:00 Chicago C%sT 1942
+ -6:00 US C%sT 1946
+ -6:00 Chicago C%sT 1967
+ -6:00 US C%sT
+
+# US Mountain time, represented by Denver
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
+Rule Denver 1920 1921 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Denver 1920 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule Denver 1921 only - May 22 2:00 0 S
+Rule Denver 1965 1966 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Denver 1965 1966 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone America/Denver -6:59:56 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:00
+ -7:00 US M%sT 1920
+ -7:00 Denver M%sT 1942
+ -7:00 US M%sT 1946
+ -7:00 Denver M%sT 1967
+ -7:00 US M%sT
+
+# US Pacific time, represented by Los Angeles
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
+Rule CA 1948 only - Mar 14 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule CA 1949 only - Jan 1 2:00 0 S
+Rule CA 1950 1966 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule CA 1950 1961 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule CA 1962 1966 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone America/Los_Angeles -7:52:58 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:00
+ -8:00 US P%sT 1946
+ -8:00 CA P%sT 1967
+ -8:00 US P%sT
+# Alaska
+# AK%sT is the modern abbreviation for -9:00 per USNO.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
+# Howse writes that Alaska switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar,
+# and from east-of-GMT to west-of-GMT days, when the US bought it from Russia.
+# This was on 1867-10-18. We omit this transition, since we can't represent
+# changes from Julian to Gregorian.
+#
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/New_York -5:00 US E%sT
-Zone America/Chicago -6:00 US C%sT
-Zone America/Denver -7:00 US M%sT
-Zone America/Los_Angeles -8:00 US P%sT
-Zone America/Anchorage -9:00 US AK%sT
- # AK%sT is the abbreviation per USNO
+Zone America/Juneau -8:57:41 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00
+ -8:00 - PST 1942
+ -8:00 US P%sT 1946
+ -8:00 - PST 1969
+ -8:00 US P%sT 1983 Oct 30 2:00
+ -9:00 US AK%sT
+Zone America/Yakutat -9:18:55 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00
+ -9:00 - YST 1942
+ -9:00 US Y%sT 1946
+ -9:00 - YST 1969
+ -9:00 US Y%sT 1983 Oct 30 2:00
+ -9:00 US AK%sT
+Zone America/Anchorage -9:59:36 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00
+ -10:00 - CAT 1942
+ -10:00 US CAT/CAWT 1946
+ -10:00 - CAT 1967 Apr
+ -10:00 - AHST 1969
+ -10:00 US AH%sT 1983 Oct 30 2:00
+ -9:00 US AK%sT
+Zone America/Nome -11:01:38 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00
+ -11:00 - NST 1942
+ -11:00 US N%sT 1946
+ -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr
+ -11:00 - BST 1969
+ -11:00 US B%sT 1983 Oct 30 2:00
+ -9:00 US AK%sT
+Zone America/Adak -11:46:38 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00
+ -11:00 - NST 1942
+ -11:00 US N%sT 1946
+ -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr
+ -11:00 - BST 1969
+ -11:00 US B%sT 1983 Oct 30 2:00
+ -10:00 US HA%sT
+# Shanks writes that part of southwest Alaska (e.g. Aniak)
+# switched from -11:00 to -10:00 on 1968-09-22 at 02:00,
+# and another part (e.g. Akiak) made the same switch five weeks later.
+# These switches don't quite make our 1970 cutoff.
-# Mainland US areas that are always Standard as of 1986.
+# Hawaii
+#
+# From Arthur David Olson:
+# And then there's Hawaii.
+# DST was observed for one day in 1933;
+# standard time was changed by half an hour in 1947;
+# it's always standard as of 1986.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert:
+# Shanks says the 1933 experiment lasted for three weeks. Go with Shanks.
+#
+Zone Pacific/Honolulu -10:31:26 - LMT 1900 Jan 1 12:00
+ -10:30 - HST 1933 Apr 30 2:00
+ -10:30 1:00 HDT 1933 May 21 2:00
+ -10:30 US H%sT 1947 Jun 8 2:00
+ -10:00 - HST
-Zone America/Fort_Wayne -5:00 US E%sT 1946
- -5:00 - EST # Always EST as of 1986
-# From Arthur David Olson (October 28, 1991):
-# An article on page A3 of the Sunday, October 27, 1991 Washington Post
-# notes that Starke County switched from Central time to Eastern time as of
-# October 27, 1991.
-Zone America/Knox_IN -6:00 US C%sT 1991 Oct 27 2:00
- -5:00 - EST # Always EST as of 1991
-Zone America/Phoenix -7:00 US M%sT 1946
- -7:00 - MST # Always MST as of 1986
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (February 13, 1988):
-# However. . .a writer from the Inter Tribal Council of Arizona, Inc.,
+# Now we turn to US areas that have diverged from the consensus since 1970.
+
+# Arizona mostly uses MST.
+Zone America/Phoenix -7:28:18 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:00
+ -7:00 US M%sT 1944 Jan 1 00:01
+ -7:00 - MST 1944 Mar 17 00:01
+ -7:00 US M%sT 1944 Oct 1 00:01
+ -7:00 - MST 1967
+ -7:00 US M%sT 1968
+ -7:00 - MST
+# From Arthur David Olson (1988-02-13):
+# A writer from the Inter Tribal Council of Arizona, Inc.,
# notes in private correspondence dated 12/28/87 that "Presently, only the
# Navajo Nation participates in the Daylight Saving Time policy, due to its
# large size and location in three states." (The "only" means that other
# tribal nations don't use DST.)
-Link America/Denver Navajo
-
-# From Bob Devine (January 28, 1988):
-# Michigan didn't observe DST from 1968 to 1973.
+Link America/Denver America/Shiprock
-Zone America/Detroit -5:00 US E%sT 1968
- -5:00 - EST 1973
- -5:00 US E%sT
+# Southern Idaho and eastern Oregon switched four weeks late in 1974.
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone America/Boise -7:44:49 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:00
+ -8:00 US P%sT 1923 May 13 2:00
+ -7:00 US M%sT 1974
+ -7:00 - MST 1974 Feb 3 2:00
+ -7:00 US M%sT
-# Samoa just changes names. No DST, per Naval Observatory.
+# Indiana
#
-# Howse writes that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change
-# ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system,
-# ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that
-# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.''
-
-Zone Pacific/Samoa 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5
- -11:22:48 - LMT 1911
- -11:30 - SST 1950
- -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome
- -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering
- -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa
-
-Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901
- -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome
- -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering
- -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa
-
-# Aleutian has a name change. DST, per Naval Observatory.
-
-Zone America/Atka -10:00 US AH%sT 1983 Nov 30
- -10:00 US HA%sT
+# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
+# Indiana generally observes either EST all year, or CST/CDT,
+# but areas near Cincinnati and Louisville use those cities' timekeeping
+# and in 1969 and 1970 the whole state observed daylight time;
+# and there are other exceptions as noted below.
+# Shanks partitions Indiana into 345 regions, each with its own time history,
+# and writes ``Even newspaper reports present contradictory information.''
+# Fortunately, most of the complexity occurred before our cutoff date of 1970.
+#
+# Since 1970, EST-only Indiana has been like America/Indianapolis,
+# with exceptions noted below for Crawford, Starke, and Switzerland counties.
+# The parts of Indiana not listed below have been like America/Chicago,
+# America/Louisville, or America/New_York.
+#
+# Other than Indianapolis, the Indiana place names are so nondescript
+# that they would be ambiguous if we left them at the `America' level.
+# So we reluctantly put them all in a subdirectory `America/Indiana'.
+#
+# Most of EST-only Indiana last observed DST in 1970.
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
+Rule Indianapolis 1941 only - Jun 22 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Indianapolis 1941 1954 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule Indianapolis 1946 1954 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone America/Indianapolis -5:44:38 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:00
+ -6:00 US C%sT 1920
+ -6:00 Indianapolis C%sT 1942
+ -6:00 US C%sT 1946
+ -6:00 Indianapolis C%sT 1955 Apr 24 2:00
+ -5:00 - EST 1957 Sep 29 2:00
+ -6:00 - CST 1958 Apr 27 2:00
+ -5:00 - EST 1969
+ -5:00 US E%sT 1971
+ -5:00 - EST
+Link America/Indianapolis America/Indiana/Indianapolis
+#
+# Part of Crawford County, Indiana, last observed DST in 1975,
+# and left its clocks alone in 1974.
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
+Rule Marengo 1951 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Marengo 1951 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule Marengo 1954 1960 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Marengo 1954 1960 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone America/Indiana/Marengo -5:45:23 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:00
+ -6:00 US C%sT 1951
+ -6:00 Marengo C%sT 1961 Apr 30 2:00
+ -5:00 - EST 1969
+ -5:00 US E%sT 1974 Jan 6 2:00
+ -6:00 1:00 CDT 1974 Oct 27 2:00
+ -5:00 US E%sT 1976
+ -5:00 - EST
+#
+# Starke County, Indiana
+# From Arthur David Olson (1991-10-28):
+# An article on page A3 of the Sunday, 1991-10-27 Washington Post
+# notes that Starke County switched from Central time to Eastern time as of
+# 1991-10-27.
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
+Rule Starke 1947 1961 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Starke 1947 1954 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule Starke 1955 1956 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule Starke 1957 1958 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule Starke 1959 1961 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone America/Indiana/Knox -5:46:30 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:00
+ -6:00 US C%sT 1947
+ -6:00 Starke C%sT 1962 Apr 29 2:00
+ -5:00 - EST 1963 Oct 27 2:00
+ -6:00 US C%sT 1991 Oct 27 2:00
+ -5:00 - EST
+#
+# Switzerland County, Indiana, last observed DST in 1972.
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone America/Indiana/Vevay -5:40:16 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:00
+ -6:00 US C%sT 1954 Apr 25 2:00
+ -5:00 - EST 1969
+ -5:00 US E%sT 1973
+ -5:00 - EST
-# From Arthur David Olson:
-# And then there's Hawaii.
-# DST was observed for one day in 1933;
-# Standard time was change by half an hour in 1947;
-# it's always standard as of 1986.
+# Part of Kentucky left its clocks alone in 1974.
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
+Rule Louisville 1921 only - May 1 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Louisville 1921 only - Sep 1 2:00 0 S
+Rule Louisville 1941 1961 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Louisville 1941 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule Louisville 1946 only - Jun 2 2:00 0 S
+Rule Louisville 1950 1955 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule Louisville 1956 1960 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone America/Louisville -5:43:02 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:00
+ -6:00 US C%sT 1921
+ -6:00 Louisville C%sT 1942
+ -6:00 US C%sT 1946
+ -6:00 Louisville C%sT 1961 Jul 23 2:00
+ -5:00 - EST 1968
+ -5:00 US E%sT 1974 Jan 6 2:00
+ -6:00 1:00 CDT 1974 Oct 27 2:00
+ -5:00 US E%sT
-Zone Pacific/Honolulu -10:30 US H%sT 1933 Apr 30 2:00
- -10:30 1:00 HDT 1933 May 1 2:00
- -10:30 US H%sT 1947 Jun 8 2:00
- -10:00 - HST
+# Michigan
+#
+# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
+# Michigan didn't observe DST from 1968 to 1973.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
+# Shanks writes that Michigan started using standard time on 1885 Sep 18,
+# but Howse (p 126) writes that Detroit kept
+#
+# local time until 1900 when the City Council decreed that clocks should
+# be put back twenty-eight minutes to Central Standard Time. Half the
+# city obeyed, half refused. After considerable debate, the decision
+# was rescinded and the city reverted to Sun time. A derisive offer to
+# erect a sundial in front of the city hall was referred to the
+# Committee on Sewers. Then, in 1905, Central time was adopted
+# by city vote.
+#
+# This story is too entertaining to be false, so go with Howse over Shanks.
+#
+# Most of Michigan observed DST from 1973 on, but was a bit late in 1975.
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
+Rule Detroit 1948 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Detroit 1948 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule Detroit 1967 only - Jun 14 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Detroit 1967 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone America/Detroit -5:32:11 - LMT 1905
+ -6:00 - CST 1915 May 15 2:00
+ -5:00 - EST 1942
+ -5:00 US E%sT 1946
+ -5:00 Detroit E%sT 1973
+ -5:00 US E%sT 1975
+ -5:00 - EST 1975 Apr 27 2:00
+ -5:00 US E%sT
+#
+# The Michigan border with Wisconsin switched from EST to CST/CDT in 1973.
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
+Rule Menominee 1946 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Menominee 1946 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule Menominee 1966 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Menominee 1966 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone America/Menominee -5:50:27 - LMT 1885 Sep 18 12:00
+ -6:00 US C%sT 1946
+ -6:00 Menominee C%sT 1969 Apr 27 2:00
+ -5:00 - EST 1973 Apr 29 2:00
+ -6:00 US C%sT
# Navassa
-# no information; probably like US/Eastern
+# uninhabited
# Old names, for S5 users
@@ -203,108 +450,83 @@ Link America/New_York EST5EDT
Link America/Chicago CST6CDT
Link America/Denver MST7MDT
Link America/Los_Angeles PST8PDT
-Link America/Fort_Wayne EST
+Link America/Indianapolis EST
Link America/Phoenix MST
Link Pacific/Honolulu HST
################################################################################
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993):
-# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
-# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (3rd edition),
-# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991).
-# Except where otherwise noted, it is the source for the data below.
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-11-22):
+# A good source for time zone historical data outside the US is
+# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (4th edition),
+# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1995).
+#
+# Gwillim Law <LAW@encmail.encompass.com> writes that a good source
+# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
+# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
+# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
+# of the IATA's data after 1990.
+#
+# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1990,
+# and IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
#
# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
# I found in the UCLA library.
#
-# I invented the abbreviation SPST for St Pierre Standard Time; SPDT likewise.
-# Corrections are welcome!
-#
-# See the `africa' file for Zone naming conventions.
-
-
+# See the `europe' file for Greenland.
# Canada
-# Canada is reportedly lots easier than the US--leastways since 1951.
-# I don't know what they did before then.
-# 4.3BSD claims that it's perfectly regular.
-# According to a posting in "comp.bugs.misc", "comp.unix.wizards", etc.
-# on February 8, 1987, by Dave Sherman of the Law Society of Upper Canada,
-# "...Canada (well, Ontario and at least some of the other provinces) are
-# adopting the new daylight savings time rules...". We assume all of
-# Canada is doing so.
-
-# From Bob Devine (January 28, 1988):
-# All of Canada did have DST from your first rule except Saskatchewan.
-# Which parts did not observe DST is hard to pinpoint but most of the
-# province follows the rules.
-# NOTE: those that didn't have DST for that rule, also
-# probably did not have it for several years previous.
-
-# From U. S. Naval Observatory (January 19, 1989):
-# CANADA NEW FDL 3.5H BEHIND UTC ST.JOHN'S
-# CANADA NEW FDL 1.5H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 29
-# CANADA ATLANTIC 4 H BEHIND UTC HALIFAX
-# CANADA ATLANTIC 3 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 29
-# CANADA EASTERN 5 H BEHIND UTC TORONTO, MONTREAL, OTTAWA
-# CANADA EASTERN 4 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 29
-# CANADA CENTRAL 6 H BEHIND UTC REGINA, WINNIPEG
-# CANADA CENTRAL 5 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 29
-# CANADA MOUNTAIN 7 H BEHIND UTC CALGARY, EDMONTON
-# CANADA MOUNTAIN 6 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 29
-# CANADA PACIFIC 8 H BEHIND UTC VANCOUVER
-# CANADA PACIFIC 7 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 29
-# CANADA YUKON SAME AS PACIFIC DAWSON
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (January 21, 1989):
-# April 3 fell on a Sunday in 1988; October 29 fell on a Sunday in 1989. Ahem.
-# Note claim that there's double DST in Newfoundland and that Yukon should
-# be same as Pacific.
-
-# From W. Jones (jones@skdad.usask.ca) (November 6, 1992):
-# The. . .below is based on information I got from our law library, the
-# provincial archives, and the provincial Community Services department.
-# A precise history would require digging through newspaper archives, and
-# since you didn't say what you wanted, I didn't bother.
+# From Alain LaBont<e'> <ALB@immedia.ca> (1994-11-14):
+# I post here the time zone abbreviations standardized in Canada
+# for both English and French in the CAN/CSA-Z234.4-89 standard....
#
-# Saskatchewan is split by a time zone meridian (105W) and over the years
-# the boundary became pretty ragged as communities near it reevaluated
-# their affiliations in one direction or the other. In 1965 a provincial
-# referendum favoured legislating common time practices.
+# UTC Standard time Daylight savings time
+# offset French English French English
+# -2:30 - - HAT NDT
+# -3 - - HAA ADT
+# -3:30 HNT NST - -
+# -4 HNA AST HAE EDT
+# -5 HNE EST HAC CDT
+# -6 HNC CST HAR MDT
+# -7 HNR MST HAP PDT
+# -8 HNP PST HAY YDT
+# -9 HNY YST - -
#
-# On 15 April 1966 the Time Act (c. T-14, Revised Statutes of
-# Saskatchewan 1978) was proclaimed, and established that the eastern
-# part of Saskatchewan would use CST year round, that districts in
-# northwest Saskatchewan would by default follow CST but could opt to
-# follow Mountain Time rules (thus 1 hour difference in the winter and
-# zero in the summer), and that districts in southwest Saskatchewan would
-# by default follow MT but could opt to follow CST.
+# HN: Heure Normale ST: Standard Time
+# HA: Heure Avanc<e'>e DT: Daylight saving Time
#
-# It took a few years for the dust to settle (I know one story of a town
-# on one time zone having its school in another, such that a mom had to
-# serve her family lunch in two shifts), but presently it seems that only
-# a few towns on the border with Alberta (e.g. Lloydminster) follow MT
-# rules any more; all other districts appear to have used CST year round
-# since sometime in the 1960s.
+# A: de l'Atlantique Atlantic
+# C: du Centre Central
+# E: de l'Est Eastern
+# M: Mountain
+# N: Newfoundland
+# P: du Pacifique Pacific
+# R: des Rocheuses
+# T: de Terre-Neuve
+# Y: du Yukon Yukon
#
-# Here's how I would summarize things. Establish a "Saskatchewan" CST
-# time zone, and note that it officially exists as of 15 April 1966. Any
-# current exceptions can put themselves in the "Mountain" zone, since
-# those are the rules they follow. Any past exceptions can be forgotten,
-# since that's what those who live here have done.
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1994-11-22):
+# Alas, this sort of thing must be handled by localization software.
-# From Arthur David Olson (November 21, 1992):
-# East-Saskatchewan kept to avoid problems for folks using that zone by name;
-# plain Saskatchewan added.
+# The data for Canada are all from Shanks (1991).
-# From Shanks (1991):
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule StJohns 1884 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S
+Rule Canada 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Canada 1918 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 S
+Rule Canada 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Canada 1945 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S
+Rule Canada 1974 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Canada 1974 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule Canada 1987 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
+
+
+# Newfoundland (except Labrador)
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule StJohns 1917 1918 - Apr Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
Rule StJohns 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00 0 S
Rule StJohns 1918 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 S
@@ -334,16 +556,37 @@ Rule StJohns 1951 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
Rule StJohns 1951 1959 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
Rule StJohns 1960 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
Rule StJohns 1987 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule StJohns 1988 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 2:00 D
+Rule StJohns 1988 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 2:00 DD
Rule StJohns 1989 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
# St John's has an apostrophe, but Posix file names can't have apostrophes.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/St_Johns -3:30:52 - LMT 1884
- -3:31 StJohns N%sT 1935 Mar 30
+ -3:30:52 StJohns N%sT 1935 Mar 30
-3:30 StJohns N%sT
+
+# east Labrador
+
+# The name `Happy Valley-Goose Bay' is too long; use `Goose Bay'.
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone America/Goose_Bay -4:01:40 - LMT 1884 # Happy Valley-Goose Bay
+ -3:30:52 StJohns NST 1919
+ -3:30:52 - NST 1935 Mar 30
+ -3:30 - NST 1936
+ -3:30 StJohns N%sT 1966 Mar 15 2:00
+ -4:00 StJohns A%sT
+
+
+# west Labrador, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward I
+
+# From Paul Eggert (1996-06-12):
+# Shanks writes that since 1970 most of this region has been like Halifax.
+# Many locales did not observe peacetime DST until 1972;
+# Glace Bay, NS is the largest that we know of.
+# Shanks also writes that Liverpool, NS was the only town in Canada to observe
+# DST in 1971 but not 1970; for now we'll assume this is a typo.
+
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Halifax 1902 only - Jun 15 0:00 0 S
Rule Halifax 1916 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Halifax 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
Rule Halifax 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
@@ -387,9 +630,37 @@ Rule Halifax 1987 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Halifax -4:14:24 - LMT 1902 Jun 15
-4:00 Halifax A%sT
+Zone America/Glace_Bay -3:59:48 - LMT 1902 Jun 15
+ -4:00 Canada A%sT 1953
+ -4:00 Halifax A%sT 1954
+ -4:00 - AST 1972
+ -4:00 Halifax A%sT
+
+
+# Ontario, Quebec
+
+# From Paul Eggert (1996-06-12):
+# Shanks writes that since 1970 most of this region has been like Montreal.
+# Thunder Bay skipped DST in 1973.
+# Many smaller locales did not observe peacetime DST until 1974;
+# Nipigon (EST) and Rainy River (CST) are the largest that we know of.
+# Far west Ontario is like Winnipeg; far east Quebec is like Halifax.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (1997-10-17):
+# msb@sq.com writes that an article in the 1997-10-14 Toronto Star
+# says that Atikokan, Ontario currently does not observe DST,
+# but will vote on 11-10 whether to use EST/EDT.
+# He also writes that the
+# <a href="http://www.gov.on.ca/MBS/english/publications/statregs/conttext.html">
+# Ontario Time Act (1990, Chapter T.9)
+# </a>
+# says that Ontario east of 90W uses EST/EDT, and west of 90W uses CST/CDT.
+# Officially Atikokan is therefore on CST/CDT, and most likely this report
+# concerns a non-official time observed as a matter of local practice.
+# For what it's worth, Shanks (1995) says that Atikokan has agreed with
+# Rainy River ever since standard time was introduced.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Mont 1884 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S
Rule Mont 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Mont 1917 only - Apr 24 0:00 0 S
Rule Mont 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
@@ -421,36 +692,82 @@ Rule Mont 1987 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Montreal -4:54:16 - LMT 1884
-5:00 Mont E%sT
+Zone America/Thunder_Bay -5:57:00 - LMT 1895
+ -5:00 Canada E%sT 1970
+ -5:00 Mont E%sT 1973
+ -5:00 - EST 1974
+ -5:00 Canada E%sT
+Zone America/Nipigon -5:53:04 - LMT 1895
+ -5:00 Canada E%sT
+Zone America/Rainy_River -6:17:56 - LMT 1895
+ -6:00 Canada C%sT
+
+
+# Manitoba
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Winn 1887 only - Jul 16 0:00 0 S
Rule Winn 1916 only - Apr 23 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Winn 1916 only - Sep 17 0:00 0 S
Rule Winn 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Winn 1918 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 S
Rule Winn 1937 only - May 16 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Winn 1937 only - Sep 23 2:00 0 S
+Rule Winn 1937 only - Sep 26 2:00 0 S
Rule Winn 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Winn 1945 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
Rule Winn 1946 only - May 12 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Winn 1946 only - Oct 13 2:00 0 S
Rule Winn 1947 1949 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Winn 1947 1958 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule Winn 1948 only - May 1 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Winn 1948 1960 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Winn 1947 1949 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule Winn 1950 only - May 1 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Winn 1950 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S
+Rule Winn 1951 1960 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Winn 1951 1958 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
Rule Winn 1959 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
Rule Winn 1960 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
Rule Winn 1963 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Winn 1963 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule Winn 1963 only - Sep 22 2:00 0 S
Rule Winn 1966 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Winn 1966 max - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule Winn 1966 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
Rule Winn 1987 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Winnipeg -6:28:36 - LMT 1887 Jul 16
-6:00 Winn C%sT
+
+# Saskatchewan
+
+# From Paul Eggert (1996-06-12):
+# Shanks writes that since 1970 most of this region has been like Regina.
+# Some western towns (e.g. Swift Current) switched from MST/MDT to CST in 1972.
+# Other western towns (e.g. Lloydminster) are like Edmonton.
+
+# From W. Jones <jones@skdad.usask.ca> (1992-11-06):
+# The. . .below is based on information I got from our law library, the
+# provincial archives, and the provincial Community Services department.
+# A precise history would require digging through newspaper archives, and
+# since you didn't say what you wanted, I didn't bother.
+#
+# Saskatchewan is split by a time zone meridian (105W) and over the years
+# the boundary became pretty ragged as communities near it reevaluated
+# their affiliations in one direction or the other. In 1965 a provincial
+# referendum favoured legislating common time practices.
+#
+# On 15 April 1966 the Time Act (c. T-14, Revised Statutes of
+# Saskatchewan 1978) was proclaimed, and established that the eastern
+# part of Saskatchewan would use CST year round, that districts in
+# northwest Saskatchewan would by default follow CST but could opt to
+# follow Mountain Time rules (thus 1 hour difference in the winter and
+# zero in the summer), and that districts in southwest Saskatchewan would
+# by default follow MT but could opt to follow CST.
+#
+# It took a few years for the dust to settle (I know one story of a town
+# on one time zone having its school in another, such that a mom had to
+# serve her family lunch in two shifts), but presently it seems that only
+# a few towns on the border with Alberta (e.g. Lloydminster) follow MT
+# rules any more; all other districts appear to have used CST year round
+# since sometime in the 1960s.
+
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Regina 1905 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 S
Rule Regina 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Regina 1918 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 S
Rule Regina 1930 1934 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
@@ -461,17 +778,31 @@ Rule Regina 1938 only - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 S
Rule Regina 1939 1941 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
Rule Regina 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Regina 1945 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule Regina 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Regina 1946 only - Oct 13 2:00 0 S
-Rule Regina 1947 1960 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Regina 1947 1959 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule Regina 1946 only - Apr Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Regina 1946 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0 S
+Rule Regina 1947 1959 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Regina 1947 1958 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule Regina 1959 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
+#
+Rule Swift 1957 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Swift 1957 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule Swift 1959 1961 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Swift 1959 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule Swift 1960 1961 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/Regina -6:58:36 - LMT 1905 Sep
- -7:00 Regina M%sT 1966 Apr 15
+Zone America/Regina -6:58:36 - LMT 1905 Sep
+ -7:00 Regina M%sT 1960 Apr lastSun 2:00
-6:00 - CST
+Zone America/Swift_Current -7:11:20 - LMT 1905 Sep
+ -7:00 Canada M%sT 1946 Apr lastSun 2:00
+ -7:00 Regina M%sT 1950
+ -7:00 Swift M%sT 1972 Apr lastSun 2:00
+ -6:00 - CST
+
+
+# Alberta
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Edm 1906 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 S
Rule Edm 1918 1919 - Apr Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Edm 1918 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 S
Rule Edm 1919 only - May 27 2:00 0 S
@@ -493,8 +824,14 @@ Rule Edm 1987 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
Zone America/Edmonton -7:33:52 - LMT 1906 Sep
-7:00 Edm M%sT
+
+# British Columbia
+
+# From Paul Eggert (1996-06-12):
+# Shanks writes that since 1970 most of this region has been like Vancouver.
+# Dawswon Creek uses MST. Much of east BC is like Edmonton.
+
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Vanc 1884 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S
Rule Vanc 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Vanc 1918 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 S
Rule Vanc 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 D
@@ -507,24 +844,57 @@ Rule Vanc 1987 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Vancouver -8:12:28 - LMT 1884
-8:00 Vanc P%sT
+Zone America/Dawson_Creek -8:00:56 - LMT 1884
+ -8:00 Canada P%sT 1947
+ -8:00 Vanc P%sT 1972 Aug 30 2:00
+ -7:00 - MST
+
+
+# Northwest Territories, Yukon
+
+# From Paul Eggert (1996-10-07):
+# Dawson switched to PST in 1973. Inuvik switched to MST in 1979.
+# Shanks's table for Watson Lake is corrupted, so we have no data there.
+# Mathew Englander <mathew@io.org> (1996-10-07) gives the following refs:
+# * 1967. Paragraph 28(34)(g) of the Interpretation Act, S.C. 1967-68,
+# c. 7 defines Yukon standard time as UTC-9. This is still valid;
+# see Interpretation Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. I-21, s. 35(1).
+# * C.O. 1973/214 switched Yukon to PST on 1973-10-28 00:00.
+# * O.I.C. 1980/02 established DST.
+# * O.I.C. 1987/056 changed DST to Apr firstSun 2:00 to Oct lastSun 2:00.
+# Shanks says Yukon's 1973-10-28 switch was at 2:00; go with Englander.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Yukon 1900 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Yukon 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Yukon 1918 only - Oct 27 2:00 0 S
-Rule Yukon 1919 only - May 25 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Yukon 1919 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Yukon 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Yukon 1965 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Yukon 1965 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 S
-Rule Yukon 1980 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Yukon 1980 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule Yukon 1987 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule NT_YK 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule NT_YK 1918 only - Oct 27 2:00 0 S
+Rule NT_YK 1919 only - May 25 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule NT_YK 1919 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
+Rule NT_YK 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule NT_YK 1945 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S
+Rule NT_YK 1965 only - Apr lastSun 0:00 2:00 DD
+Rule NT_YK 1965 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule NT_YK 1980 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule NT_YK 1980 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule NT_YK 1987 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone America/Pangnirtung -4:22:56 - LMT 1884
+ -4:00 NT_YK A%sT
+Zone America/Iqaluit -4:33:52 - LMT 1884 # Frobisher Bay
+ -5:00 NT_YK E%sT
+Zone America/Rankin_Inlet -6:08:40 - LMT 1884
+ -6:00 NT_YK C%sT
+Zone America/Yellowknife -7:37:24 - LMT 1884
+ -7:00 NT_YK M%sT
+Zone America/Inuvik -8:54:00 - LMT 1884
+ -8:00 NT_YK P%sT 1979 Apr lastSun 2:00
+ -7:00 NT_YK M%sT
Zone America/Whitehorse -9:00:12 - LMT 1900 Aug 20
- -9:00 Yukon Y%sT 1966 Jul
- -8:00 Yukon P%sT
-# Parts of Yukon (e.g. Dawson) didn't switch to -8:00 until 1973 Oct 28.
+ -9:00 NT_YK Y%sT 1966 Jul 1 2:00
+ -8:00 NT_YK P%sT
+Zone America/Dawson -9:17:40 - LMT 1900 Aug 20
+ -9:00 NT_YK Y%sT 1973 Oct 28 0:00
+ -8:00 NT_YK P%sT
+
###############################################################################
@@ -532,13 +902,13 @@ Zone America/Whitehorse -9:00:12 - LMT 1900 Aug 20
# From Guy Harris:
# Rules are from the Official Airline Guide, Worldwide Edition, for 1987.
-# Rules prior to 1987 are unknown.
+# Rules [before] 1987 are unknown.
# The comments in the OAG say "Only Ensenada, Mexicale, San Felipe and Tijuana
# observe DST." This is presumably Baja California Norte, above 28th parallel,
-# as listed there; Mexico/BajaSur is for "Baja California Sur and N. Pacific
+# as listed there; [there is also] "Baja California Sur and N. Pacific
# Coast (States of Sinaloa and Sonora)."
-# From Bob Devine (January 28, 1988):
+# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
# The Federal District (where Mexico City is) has observed [DST] several
# times but not recently.
#
@@ -549,17 +919,17 @@ Zone America/Whitehorse -9:00:12 - LMT 1900 Aug 20
# The dates of DST probably go back to 1981. The rules are the same as
# US's. This is going to be a headache for US presidential electi[o]n years!
-# From Arthur David Olson (February 13, 1988)
+# From Arthur David Olson (1988-02-13)
# Since the 1981 starting date is only "probable," we'll keep the 1987
# starting date below.
-# From U. S. Naval Observatory (January 19, 1989):
+# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
# MEXICO BAJA CAL N 7 H BEHIND UTC BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR AND
# MEXICO BAJA CAL N N. PACIFIC COAST (STATES
# MEXICO BAJA CAL N OF SINALOA AND SONORA)
-# MEXICO BAJA CAL N 8 H BEHIND UTC ABOVE 28TH PARALLAL APR 3
+# MEXICO BAJA CAL N 8 H BEHIND UTC ABOVE 28TH PARALLEL APR 3
# MEXICO BAJA CAL N - OCT 29
-# MEXICO BAJA CAL N 7 H BEHIND UTC ABOVE 28TH PARALLAL APR 3
+# MEXICO BAJA CAL N 7 H BEHIND UTC ABOVE 28TH PARALLEL APR 3
# MEXICO BAJA CAL N - 0CT 29
# MEXICO 6 H BEHIND UTC STATES OF DURANGO,
# MEXICO COAHUILA, NUEVO LEON,
@@ -571,19 +941,52 @@ Zone America/Whitehorse -9:00:12 - LMT 1900 Aug 20
# MEXICO CAMPECHE, QUINTANA ROO AND
# MEXICO YUCATAN
-# From Arthur David Olson (January 21, 1989):
+# From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-21):
# April 3 fell on a Sunday in 1988; October 29 fell on a Sunday in 1989. Ahem.
# USNO claims there should be four Mexican zones rather than three:
# a zone that's GMT-8 with DST; a zone that's always GMT-7;
# a zone that's GMT-6 with DST; and a zone that's always GMT-6.
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993):
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1993-11-18):
# Shanks also says there are four zones, but disagrees about the fourth.
# Instead of GMT-6 with DST, he says there's GMT-8 without DST.
+# From Alan Perry <alan.perry@eng.sun.com> (1996-02-15):
+# A guy from our Mexico subsidiary finally found the Presidential Decree
+# outlining the timezone changes in Mexico.
+#
+# ------------- Begin Forwarded Message -------------
+#
+# I finally got my hands on the Official Presidential Decree that sets up the
+# rules for the DST changes. The rules are:
+#
+# 1. The country is divided in 3 timezones:
+# - Baja California Norte (the Mexico/BajaNorte TZ)
+# - Baja California Sur, Nayarit, Sinaloa and Sonora (the Mexico/BajaSur TZ)
+# - The rest of the country (the Mexico/General TZ)
+#
+# 2. From the first Sunday in April at 2:00 AM to the last Sunday in October
+# at 2:00 AM, the times in each zone are as follows:
+# BajaNorte: GMT+7
+# BajaSur: GMT+6
+# General: GMT+5
+#
+# 3. The rest of the year, the times are as follows:
+# BajaNorte: GMT+8
+# BajaSur: GMT+7
+# General: GMT+6
+#
+# The Decree was published in Mexico's Official Newspaper on January 4th.
+#
+# -------------- End Forwarded Message --------------
+# From Paul Eggert (1996-06-12):
+# For an English translation of the decree, see
+# <a href="http://mexico-travel.com/extra/timezone_eng.html">
+# ``Diario Oficial: Time Zone Changeover'' (1996-01-04).
+# </a>
+
# From Shanks (1991):
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Mexico 1922 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S
Rule Mexico 1939 only - Feb 5 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Mexico 1939 only - Jun 25 0:00 0 S
Rule Mexico 1940 only - Dec 9 0:00 1:00 D
@@ -592,10 +995,19 @@ Rule Mexico 1943 only - Dec 16 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Mexico 1944 only - May 1 0:00 0 S
Rule Mexico 1950 only - Feb 12 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Mexico 1950 only - Jul 30 0:00 0 S
+Rule Mexico 1996 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Mexico 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
+#
Rule BajaN 1950 1966 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
Rule BajaN 1950 1961 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
Rule BajaN 1961 1966 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Quintana Roo
+Zone America/Cancun -5:47:04 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 1:12:42
+ -6:00 - CST 1996
+ -6:00 Mexico C%sT 1997 Oct lastSun 2:00
+ -5:00 Mexico E%sT
+# Central Mexico
Zone America/Mexico_City -6:36:36 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:23:24
-7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
-6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15
@@ -603,6 +1015,18 @@ Zone America/Mexico_City -6:36:36 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:23:24
-6:00 - CST 1931 Oct
-7:00 - MST 1932 Mar 30 23:00
-6:00 Mexico C%sT
+# Chihuahua
+Zone America/Chihuahua -7:04:20 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 23:55:44
+ -7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
+ -6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15
+ -7:00 - MST 1931 May 1 23:00
+ -6:00 - CST 1931 Oct
+ -7:00 - MST 1932 Mar 30 23:00
+ -6:00 - CST 1996
+ -6:00 Mexico C%sT 1998
+ -6:00 - CST 1998 Apr Sun>=1 3:00
+ -7:00 Mexico M%sT
+# S Baja California, Nayarit, Sinaloa, Sonora
Zone America/Mazatlan -7:05:40 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 23:54:20
-7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
-6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15
@@ -612,20 +1036,24 @@ Zone America/Mazatlan -7:05:40 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 23:54:20
-6:00 - CST 1942 Apr
-7:00 - MST 1949 Jan 14
-8:00 - PST 1970
- -7:00 - MST
+ -7:00 Mexico M%sT
+# N Baja California
Zone America/Tijuana -7:48:04 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:11:56
-8:00 - PST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
-7:00 - MST 1930 Nov 16
-8:00 - PST 1942 Apr
-7:00 - MST 1949 Jan 14
-8:00 BajaN P%sT 1967 Apr lastSun 2:00
- -8:00 US P%sT
+ -8:00 US P%sT 1996
+ -8:00 Mexico P%sT
+# Baja California
Zone America/Ensenada -7:46:28 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:13:32
-8:00 - PST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
-7:00 - MST 1930 Nov 16
-8:00 - PST 1942 Apr
-7:00 - MST 1949 Jan 14
- -8:00 - PST
+ -8:00 - PST 1996
+ -8:00 Mexico P%sT
#
# Revillagigedo Is
# no information
@@ -645,7 +1073,6 @@ Zone America/Antigua -4:07:12 - LMT 1912 Mar 2
# Bahamas
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Bahamas 1912 only - Mar 2 0:00 0 S
Rule Bahamas 1964 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
Rule Bahamas 1964 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Bahamas 1987 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
@@ -655,7 +1082,6 @@ Zone America/Nassau -5:09:24 - LMT 1912 Mar 2
# Barbados
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Barb 1932 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S
Rule Barb 1977 only - Jun 12 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Barb 1977 1978 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
Rule Barb 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 D
@@ -663,13 +1089,12 @@ Rule Barb 1979 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S
Rule Barb 1980 only - Sep 25 2:00 0 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Barbados -3:58:28 - LMT 1924 # Bridgetown
- -3:58 - BMT 1932 # Bridgetown Mean Time
+ -3:58:28 - BMT 1932 # Bridgetown Mean Time
-4:00 Barb A%sT
# Belize
# Whitman entirely disagrees with Shanks; go with Shanks.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Belize 1912 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 S
Rule Belize 1918 1942 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0:30 HD
Rule Belize 1919 1943 - Feb Sun>=9 0:00 0 S
Rule Belize 1973 only - Dec 5 0:00 1:00 D
@@ -689,21 +1114,19 @@ Zone Atlantic/Bermuda -4:19:04 - LMT 1930 Jan 1 2:00 # Hamilton
# Cayman Is
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Cayman -5:25:32 - LMT 1890 # Georgetown
- -5:07 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
+ -5:07:12 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
-5:00 - EST
-# Clipperton
-# no information
-
# Costa Rica
# Shanks gives some very odd dates for 1991, and stops there.
# For now, we won't guess further.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule CR 1921 only - Jan 15 0:00 0 S
Rule CR 1979 1980 - Feb lastSun 0:00 1:00 D
Rule CR 1979 1980 - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 0 S
-Rule CR 1991 only - Jan 19 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule CR 1991 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 S
+Rule CR 1991 1992 - Jan Sat>=15 0:00 1:00 D
+# IATA SSIM (1991-09) says the following was at 1:00; go with Shanks.
+Rule CR 1991 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 S
+Rule CR 1992 only - Mar 15 0:00 0 S
# There are too many San Joses elsewhere, so we'll use `Costa Rica'.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Costa_Rica -5:36:20 - LMT 1890 # San Jose
@@ -714,18 +1137,17 @@ Zone America/Costa_Rica -5:36:20 - LMT 1890 # San Jose
# Cuba
-# From Bob Devine (January 28, 1988):
+# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
# . . .DST is from 2nd Sunday in May to 2nd Sunday in October since 1981.
# Change at midnight. In 1979 & 1980, started at 3rd Sunday in March
# (I think).
-# From U. S. Naval Observatory (January 19, 1989):
+# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
# CUBA 5 H BEHIND UTC
# CUBA 4 H BEHIND UTC MAR 20 - OCT 8
# From Shanks (1991):
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Cuba 1925 only - Jul 19 12:00 0 S
Rule Cuba 1928 only - Jun 10 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Cuba 1928 only - Oct 10 0:00 0 S
Rule Cuba 1940 1942 - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
@@ -744,13 +1166,17 @@ Rule Cuba 1969 1971 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 S
Rule Cuba 1972 1974 - Oct 8 0:00 0 S
Rule Cuba 1975 1977 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 S
Rule Cuba 1978 only - May 7 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Cuba 1978 1980 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
+Rule Cuba 1978 1990 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
Rule Cuba 1979 1980 - Mar Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Cuba 1981 1985 - May Sun>=5 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Cuba 1981 max - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
Rule Cuba 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=14 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Cuba 1990 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Cuba 1991 max - Mar Sun>=14 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Cuba 1990 1997 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Cuba 1991 1995 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00s 0 S
+Rule Cuba 1996 only - Oct 6 0:00s 0 S
+Rule Cuba 1997 only - Oct 12 0:00s 0 S
+Rule Cuba 1998 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Cuba 1998 max - Oct lastSun 0:00s 0 S
+Rule Cuba 1999 max - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 D
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Havana -5:29:28 - LMT 1890
@@ -764,7 +1190,6 @@ Zone America/Dominica -4:05:36 - LMT 1911 Jul 1 0:01 # Roseau
# Dominican Republic
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule DR 1933 only - Apr 1 12:00 0 S
Rule DR 1966 only - Oct 30 0:00 1:00 D
Rule DR 1967 only - Feb 28 0:00 0 S
Rule DR 1969 1973 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HD
@@ -779,7 +1204,6 @@ Zone America/Santo_Domingo -4:39:36 - LMT 1890
# El Salvador
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Salv 1921 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S
Rule Salv 1987 1988 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Salv 1987 1988 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 S
# There are too many San Salvadors elsewhere, so we'll use `El Salvador'.
@@ -789,7 +1213,7 @@ Zone America/El_Salvador -5:56:48 - LMT 1921 # San Salvador
# Grenada
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/Grenada -4:07:00 - LMT 1911 Jul
+Zone America/Grenada -4:07:00 - LMT 1911 Jul # St George's
-4:00 - AST
# Guadeloupe
@@ -799,23 +1223,24 @@ Zone America/Guadeloupe -4:06:08 - LMT 1911 Jun 8 # Pointe a Pitre
# Guatemala
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Guat 1918 only - Oct 5 0:00 0 S
Rule Guat 1973 only - Nov 25 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Guat 1974 only - Feb 24 0:00 0 S
Rule Guat 1983 only - May 21 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Guat 1983 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
+Rule Guat 1991 only - Mar 23 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Guat 1991 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Guatemala -6:02:04 - LMT 1918 Oct 5
-6:00 Guat C%sT
# Haiti
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Haiti 1917 only - Jan 24 12:00 0 S
Rule Haiti 1983 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Haiti 1984 1987 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Haiti 1983 1987 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 S
-Rule Haiti 1988 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Haiti 1988 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
+# Shanks says AT is 2:00, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says 1:00s. Go with IATA.
+Rule Haiti 1988 1997 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 D
+Rule Haiti 1988 1997 - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Port-au-Prince -4:49:20 - LMT 1890
-4:49 - PPMT 1917 Jan 24 12:00 # P-a-P MT
@@ -829,18 +1254,19 @@ Zone America/Tegucigalpa -5:48:52 - LMT 1921 Apr
# Jamaica
-# From Bob Devine (January 28, 1988):
+# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
# Follows US rules.
-# From U. S. Naval Observatory (January 19, 1989):
+# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
# JAMAICA 5 H BEHIND UTC
# From Shanks (1991):
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Jamaica -5:07:12 - LMT 1890 # Kingston
- -5:07 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
+ -5:07:12 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
-5:00 - EST 1974 Jan 6 2:00
- -5:00 US E%sT
+ -5:00 US E%sT 1984
+ -5:00 - EST
# Martinique
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
@@ -851,21 +1277,26 @@ Zone America/Martinique -4:04:20 - LMT 1890 # Fort-de-France
-4:00 - AST
# Montserrat
+# From Paul Eggert (1997-08-31):
+# Recent volcanic eruptions have forced evacuation of Plymouth, the capital.
+# Luckily, Olveston, the current de facto capital, has the same longitude.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/Montserrat -4:08:52 - LMT 1911 Jul 1 0:01 # Plymouth
+Zone America/Montserrat -4:08:52 - LMT 1911 Jul 1 0:01 # Olveston
-4:00 - AST
# Nicaragua
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Nic 1975 only - Feb 16 0:00 0 S
Rule Nic 1979 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Nic 1979 1980 - Jun Mon>=23 0:00 0 S
+Rule Nic 1992 only - Jan 1 4:00 1:00 D
+Rule Nic 1992 only - Sep 24 0:00 0 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Managua -5:45:08 - LMT 1890
-5:45 - MMT 1934 Jun 23 # Managua Mean Time
-6:00 - CST 1973 May
-5:00 - EST 1975 Feb 16
- -6:00 Nic C%sT
+ -6:00 Nic C%sT 1993 Jan 1 4:00
+ -5:00 - EST
# Panama
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
@@ -876,9 +1307,9 @@ Zone America/Panama -5:18:08 - LMT 1890
# Puerto Rico
# There are too many San Juans elsewhere, so we'll use `Puerto_Rico'.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/Puerto_Rico -4:24:28 - LMT 1899 Mar 28 12:00 # San Juan
+Zone America/Puerto_Rico -4:24:25 - LMT 1899 Mar 28 12:00 # San Juan
-4:00 - AST 1942 May 3
- -4:00 1:00 ADT 1945 Sep 30 2:00
+ -4:00 1:00 AWT 1945 Sep 30 2:00
-4:00 - AST
# St Kitts-Nevis
@@ -897,22 +1328,33 @@ Zone America/St_Lucia -4:04:00 - LMT 1890 # Castries
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Miquelon -3:44:40 - LMT 1911 May 15 # St Pierre
-4:00 - AST 1980 May
- -3:00 Mont SP%sT
+ -3:00 Mont PM%sT # Pierre & Miquelon Time
# St Vincent and the Grenadines
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/St_Vincent -4:04:56 - LMT 1890 # Kingstown
- -4:05 - KMT 1912 # Kingstown Mean Time
+ -4:04:56 - KMT 1912 # Kingstown Mean Time
-4:00 - AST
# Turks and Caicos
+# From Paul Eggert (1998-08-06):
+# Shanks says they use US DST rules, but IATA SSIM (1991/1998)
+# says they switch at midnight. Go with IATA SSIM.
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule TC 1979 1986 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule TC 1979 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 S
+Rule TC 1987 max - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Grand_Turk -4:44:32 - LMT 1890
- -5:07 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
- -5:00 - EST 1979 Apr 29 2:00
- -5:00 US E%sT
+ -5:07:12 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
+ -5:00 TC E%sT
+
+# British Virgin Is
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone America/Tortola -4:18:28 - LMT 1911 Jul # Road Town
+ -4:00 - AST
-# Virgin Is (British and US)
+# Virgin Is
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/Virgin -4:19:44 - LMT 1911 Jul # Charlotte Amalie
+Zone America/St_Thomas -4:19:44 - LMT 1911 Jul # Charlotte Amalie
-4:00 - AST
diff --git a/share/zoneinfo/pacificnew b/share/zoneinfo/pacificnew
index cd1477c..86dd688 100644
--- a/share/zoneinfo/pacificnew
+++ b/share/zoneinfo/pacificnew
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-# @(#)pacificnew 7.6
+# @(#)pacificnew 7.10
-# From Arthur David Olson (April 5, 1989):
-# On April 5, 1989, the U. S. House of Representatives passed (238-154) a bill
+# From Arthur David Olson (1989-04-05):
+# On 1989-04-05, the U. S. House of Representatives passed (238-154) a bill
# establishing "Pacific Presidential Election Time"; it was not acted on
# by the Senate or signed into law by the President.
# You might want to change the "PE" (Presidential Election) below to
@@ -18,9 +18,9 @@
## Rule Twilite XXXX max uspres Nov Sun>=7 2:00 0 S
## Rule Twilite XXXX max nonpres Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES/SAVE FORMAT [UNTIL]
-## Zone US/Pacific-PET -8:00 US P%sT XXXX
-## -8:00 Twilite P%sT
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES/SAVE FORMAT [UNTIL]
+## Zone America/Los_Angeles-PET -8:00 US P%sT XXXX
+## -8:00 Twilite P%sT
# For now...
Link America/Los_Angeles US/Pacific-New ##
diff --git a/share/zoneinfo/solar87 b/share/zoneinfo/solar87
index a4e2f39..3f32347 100644
--- a/share/zoneinfo/solar87
+++ b/share/zoneinfo/solar87
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# @(#)solar87 7.2
+# @(#)solar87 7.3
# So much for footnotes about Saudi Arabia.
# Apparent noon times below are for Riyadh; your mileage will vary.
@@ -380,7 +380,9 @@ Rule sol87 1987 only - Dec 31 12:02:45s -0:02:45 -
# Riyadh is at about 46 degrees 46 minutes East: 3 hrs, 7 mins, 4 secs
# Before and after 1987, we'll operate on local mean solar time.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES/SAVE FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Mideast/Riyadh87 3:07:04 - ?? 1987
- 3:07:04 sol87 ?? 1988
- 3:07:04 - ??
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES/SAVE FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Asia/Riyadh87 3:07:04 - ?? 1987
+ 3:07:04 sol87 ?? 1988
+ 3:07:04 - ??
+# For backward compatibility...
+Link Asia/Riyadh87 Mideast/Riyadh87
diff --git a/share/zoneinfo/solar88 b/share/zoneinfo/solar88
index 0384b17..41a64e5 100644
--- a/share/zoneinfo/solar88
+++ b/share/zoneinfo/solar88
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# @(#)solar88 7.2
+# @(#)solar88 7.3
# Apparent noon times below are for Riyadh; they're a bit off for other places.
# Times were computed using formulas in the U.S. Naval Observatory's
@@ -380,7 +380,9 @@ Rule sol88 1988 only - Dec 31 12:03:05s -0:03:05 -
# Riyadh is at about 46 degrees 46 minutes East: 3 hrs, 7 mins, 4 secs
# Before and after 1988, we'll operate on local mean solar time.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES/SAVE FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Mideast/Riyadh88 3:07:04 - ?? 1988
- 3:07:04 sol88 ?? 1989
- 3:07:04 - ??
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES/SAVE FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Asia/Riyadh88 3:07:04 - ?? 1988
+ 3:07:04 sol88 ?? 1989
+ 3:07:04 - ??
+# For backward compatibility...
+Link Asia/Riyadh88 Mideast/Riyadh88
diff --git a/share/zoneinfo/solar89 b/share/zoneinfo/solar89
index 3221f97..a6d3d71 100644
--- a/share/zoneinfo/solar89
+++ b/share/zoneinfo/solar89
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# @(#)solar89 7.2
+# @(#)solar89 7.4
# Apparent noon times below are for Riyadh; they're a bit off for other places.
# Times were computed using a formula provided by the U. S. Naval Observatory:
@@ -385,7 +385,9 @@ Rule sol89 1989 only - Dec 31 12:03:00s -0:03:00 -
# Riyadh is at about 46 degrees 46 minutes East: 3 hrs, 7 mins, 4 secs
# Before and after 1989, we'll operate on local mean solar time.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES/SAVE FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Mideast/Riyadh89 3:07:04 - ?? 1989
- 3:07:04 sol89 ?? 1990
- 3:07:04 - ??
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES/SAVE FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Asia/Riyadh89 3:07:04 - ?? 1989
+ 3:07:04 sol89 ?? 1990
+ 3:07:04 - ??
+# For backward compatibility...
+Link Asia/Riyadh89 Mideast/Riyadh89
diff --git a/share/zoneinfo/southamerica b/share/zoneinfo/southamerica
index b40ce55..3f0cf8c 100644
--- a/share/zoneinfo/southamerica
+++ b/share/zoneinfo/southamerica
@@ -1,32 +1,42 @@
-# @(#)southamerica 7.6
+# @(#)southamerica 7.25
# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993):
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-11-22):
# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
-# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (3rd edition),
-# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991).
-# Except where otherwise noted, it is the source for the data below.
+# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (4th edition),
+# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1995).
#
-# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
-# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
-# Some of these are just plausible excuses for common English abbreviations.
+# Gwillim Law <LAW@encmail.encompass.com> writes that a good source
+# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
+# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
+# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
+# of the IATA's data after 1990.
+#
+# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1990,
+# and IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
+#
+# The following abbreviations are used in this file.
# Corrections are welcome!
-# std dst
-# LMT Local Mean Time
-# -2:00 FST FDT Fernando de Noronha
-# -3:00 EST EDT Eastern South America (conflicts with -5:00)
-# -4:00 AST ADT Andes*, Antilles*, Asuncion*, Atlantic
-# -4:00 CST CDT Chile (conflicts with -6:00)
-# -4:00 WST WDT Western Brazil
-# -5:00 AST ADT Acre (conflicts with -4:00)
-# -5:00 EST EDT Eastern, Ecuador*
-# -6:00 CST CDT Archipelago of Columbus*, Central
-# -7:00 MST MDT Mataveri*, Mountain
+# std dst
+# LMT Local Mean Time
+# -2:00 FST FDT Fernando de Noronha
+# -3:00 EST EDT Eastern Brazil
+# -4:00 WST WDT Western Brazil
+# -4:00 AST ADT Atlantic
+# -5:00 AST ADT Acre
#
-# See the `africa' file for Zone naming conventions.
+# Earlier editions of these tables used the North American style (e.g. ARST and
+# ARDT for Argentine Standard and Daylight Time), but the following quote
+# suggests that it's better to use European style (e.g. ART and ARST).
+# I suggest the use of _Summer time_ instead of the more cumbersome
+# _daylight-saving time_. _Summer time_ seems to be in general use
+# in Europe and South America.
+# -- E O Cutler, _New York Times_ (1937-02-14), quoted in
+# H L Mencken, _The American Language: Supplement I_ (1960), p 466
+
# From Guy Harris:
# From Official Airline Guide - Worldwide Edition (1987). Countries not
@@ -42,173 +52,373 @@
# Argentina
-# From Bob Devine (January 28, 1988):
+# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
# Argentina: first Sunday in October to first Sunday in April since 1976.
# Double Summer time from 1969 to 1974. Switches at midnight.
-# From U. S. Naval Observatory (January 19, 19889):
+# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1988-01-199):
# ARGENTINA 3 H BEHIND UTC
+# From Hernan G. Otero <hernan@isoft.com.ar> (1995-06-26):
+# I am sending modifications to the Argentine time zone table...
+# AR was chosen because they are the ISO letters that represent Argentina.
+
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Arg 1930 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Arg 1931 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Arg 1931 only - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Arg 1932 1940 - Mar 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Arg 1932 1939 - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Arg 1940 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Arg 1941 only - Jun 15 0:00 0 S
-Rule Arg 1941 only - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Arg 1943 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Arg 1943 only - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Arg 1946 only - Mar 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Arg 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Arg 1963 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Arg 1963 only - Dec 15 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Arg 1964 1966 - Mar 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Arg 1964 1966 - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Arg 1967 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Arg 1967 1968 - Oct Sun<=7 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Arg 1968 1969 - Apr Sun<=7 0:00 0 S
-Rule Arg 1974 only - Jan 23 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Arg 1974 only - May 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Arg 1974 1976 - Oct Sun<=7 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Arg 1975 1977 - Apr Sun<=7 0:00 0 S
-Rule Arg 1985 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Arg 1986 only - Mar 14 0:00 0 S
-Rule Arg 1986 1987 - Oct 25 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Arg 1987 only - Feb 13 0:00 0 S
-Rule Arg 1988 only - Feb 7 0:00 0 S
-Rule Arg 1988 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Arg 1989 only - Mar 16 0:00 0 S
-Rule Arg 1989 only - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Arg 1990 only - Mar 4 0:00 0 S
-# _The Economist_ (8 Jan 1994, p 42) reports that Argentina
-# had DST in 1991-2 and 1992-3, but not in 1990-1 or in 1993-4.
-# It has something to do with electricity companies meeting demand in summer.
-# We don't know the 1991-3 transition times, unfortunately.
+Rule Arg 1930 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Arg 1931 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Arg 1931 only - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Arg 1932 1940 - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Arg 1932 1939 - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Arg 1940 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Arg 1941 only - Jun 15 0:00 0 -
+Rule Arg 1941 only - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Arg 1943 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Arg 1943 only - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Arg 1946 only - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Arg 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Arg 1963 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Arg 1963 only - Dec 15 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Arg 1964 1966 - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Arg 1964 1966 - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Arg 1967 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Arg 1967 1968 - Oct Sun<=7 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Arg 1968 1969 - Apr Sun<=7 0:00 0 -
+Rule Arg 1974 only - Jan 23 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Arg 1974 only - May 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Arg 1974 1976 - Oct Sun<=7 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Arg 1975 1977 - Apr Sun<=7 0:00 0 -
+Rule Arg 1985 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Arg 1986 only - Mar 14 0:00 0 -
+Rule Arg 1986 1987 - Oct 25 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Arg 1987 only - Feb 13 0:00 0 -
+Rule Arg 1988 only - Feb 7 0:00 0 -
+Rule Arg 1988 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S
+#
+# From Hernan G. Otero <hernan@isoft.com.ar> (1995-06-26):
+# These corrections were contributed by InterSoft Argentina S.A.,
+# obtaining the data from the:
+# Talleres de Hidrografia Naval Argentina
+# (Argentine Naval Hydrography Institute)
+#
+# Shanks gives 1989 Mar 16 and stops after 1990 Mar 4; go with Otero.
+Rule Arg 1989 1993 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Arg 1989 1992 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
+#
+# From Hernan G. Otero <hernan@isoft.com.ar> (1995-06-26):
+# From this moment on, the law that mandated the daylight saving
+# time corrections was derogated and no more modifications
+# to the time zones (for daylight saving) are now made.
+#
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+#
+# Buenos Aires (BA), Distrito Federal (DF), Santa Cruz (SC),
+# Tierra del Fuego (TF) & Antartida e Islas
Zone America/Buenos_Aires -3:53:48 - LMT 1894 Nov
- -4:17 - CMT 1920 May # Cordoba Mean Time
- -4:00 - AST 1930 Dec
- -4:00 Arg A%sT 1969 Oct 5
- -3:00 Arg E%sT
+ -4:16:44 - CMT 1920 May # Cordoba Mean Time
+ -4:00 - ART 1930 Dec
+ -4:00 Arg AR%sT 1969 Oct 5
+ -3:00 Arg AR%sT
+#
+# Santa Fe (SF), Entre Rios (ER), Corrientes (CN), Misiones (MN), Chaco (CC),
+# Formosa (FM), La Pampa (LP), Chubut (CH)
+Zone America/Rosario -4:02:40 - LMT 1894 Nov
+ -4:16:44 - CMT 1920 May
+ -4:00 - ART 1930 Dec
+ -4:00 Arg AR%sT 1969 Oct 5
+ -3:00 Arg AR%sT 1991 Jul
+ -3:00 - ART
+#
+# Cordoba (CB), Santiago del Estero (SE), Salta (SA), Tucuman (TM), La Rioja (LR), San Juan (SJ), San Luis (SL),
+# Neuquen (NQ), Rio Negro (RN)
+Zone America/Cordoba -4:16:44 - LMT 1894 Nov
+ -4:16:44 - CMT 1920 May
+ -4:00 - ART 1930 Dec
+ -4:00 Arg AR%sT 1969 Oct 5
+ -3:00 Arg AR%sT 1990 Jul
+ -3:00 - ART
+#
+# Jujuy (JY)
+Zone America/Jujuy -4:21:12 - LMT 1894 Nov
+ -4:16:44 - CMT 1920 May
+ -4:00 - ART 1930 Dec
+ -4:00 Arg AR%sT 1969 Oct 5
+ -3:00 Arg AR%sT 1991 Mar 3
+ -4:00 - WART 1991 Oct 6
+ -4:00 1:00 WARST 1992 Mar 15
+ -4:00 - WART 1992 Oct 18
+ -3:00 - ART
+#
+# Catamarca (CT)
+Zone America/Catamarca -4:23:08 - LMT 1894 Nov
+ -4:16:44 - CMT 1920 May
+ -4:00 - ART 1930 Dec
+ -4:00 Arg AR%sT 1969 Oct 5
+ -3:00 Arg AR%sT 1990 Jul
+ -3:00 - ART 1991 Jul
+ -3:00 Arg AR%sT 1992 Jul
+ -3:00 - ART
+#
+# Mendoza (MZ)
+Zone America/Mendoza -4:35:16 - LMT 1894 Nov
+ -4:16:44 - CMT 1920 May
+ -4:00 - ART 1930 Dec
+ -4:00 Arg AR%sT 1969 Oct 5
+ -3:00 Arg AR%sT 1991 Mar 3
+ -4:00 - WART 1991 Oct 15
+ -4:00 1:00 WARST 1992 Mar 1
+ -4:00 - WART 1992 Oct 18
+ -3:00 - ART
+
+# Aruba
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone America/Aruba -4:40:24 - LMT 1912 Feb 12 # Oranjestad
+ -4:30 - ANT 1965 # Netherlands Antilles Time
+ -4:00 - AST
# Bolivia
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/La_Paz -4:32:36 - LMT 1890
- -4:33 - LPMT 1931 Oct 15 # La Paz Mean Time
- -4:33 1:00 LPDT 1932 Mar 21
- -4:00 - AST
+ -4:32:36 - LPMT 1931 Oct 15 # La Paz Mean Time
+ -4:32:36 1:00 BOST 1932 Mar 21 # Bolivia ST
+ -4:00 - BOT # Bolivia Time
# Brazil
-# From Guy Harris:
-# The OAG lists October 25, 1987 and February 12, 1988 as the starting and
-# ending dates, giving them as "estimated date(s) based on previous year". We
-# infer a rule here from one example, always a dangerous practice.... Yes,
-# they really do switch on Saturday, according to the OAG.
-# "Brazil/Acre" is for the Territory of Acre; "Brazil/DeNoronha" is for
-# Fernando De Noronha.
-
-# From Bob Devine (January 28, 1988):
-# The only information I found is that there was no DST up to 1985.
-# But there was some before 1952!
-
-# From U. S. Naval Observatory (January 16, 1989):
-# BRAZIL WEST 5 H BEHIND UTC TERRITORY OF ACRE
-# BRAZIL WEST 4 H BEHIND UTC ACRE OCT 23, '88-FEB 11,
-# BRAZIL '89 (ESTIMATED)
-# BRAZIL CENTRAL 4 H BEHIND UTC MANAUS
-# BRAZIL CENTRAL 3 H BEHIND UTC MANAUS OCT 23, '88-FEB 11,
-# BRAZIL CENTRAL '89 (ESTIMATED)
-# BRAZIL EAST 3 H BEHIND UTC COASTAL STATES, RIO, SAO
-# BRAZIL EAST PAULO, BRASILIA
-# BRAZIL EAST 2 H BEHIND UTC COASTAL STATES, RIO, SAO
-# BRAZIL PAULO, BRASILIA OCT 23,
-# BRAZIL '88-FEB 11, '89
-# BRAZIL (ESTIMATED)
-# BRAZIL 2 H BEHIND UTC ATLANTIC ISLANDS, FERNANDO
-# BRAZIL DE NORONHA
-# BRAZIL 1 H BEHIND UTC OCT 23, '88-FEB 11, '89
-# BRAZIL (ESTIMATED)
-# BRAZIL 3 H BEHIND UTC FOR MOST MAJOR AIRPORTS.
-
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993):
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1993-11-18):
# The mayor of Rio recently attempted to change the time zone rules
# just in his city, in order to leave more summer time for the tourist trade.
# The rule change lasted only part of the day;
# the federal government refused to follow the city's rules, and business
# was in a chaos, so the mayor backed down that afternoon.
-# Shanks claims Acre stopped observing DST after 1988 Feb 7, but it
-# could just be that his table ran out of room. We're extrapolating
-# about time zone changes after 1990 Feb 11.
+
+# From IATA SSIM (1996-02):
+# _Only_ the following states in BR1 observe DST: Rio Grande do Sul (RS),
+# Santa Catarina (SC), Parana (PR), Sao Paulo (SP), Rio de Janeiro (RJ),
+# Espirito Santo (ES), Minas Gerais (MG), Bahia (BA), Goias (GO),
+# Distrito Federal (DF), Tocantins (TO), Sergipe [SE] and Alagoas [AL].
+# [The last three states are new to this issue of the IATA SSIM.]
+
+# From Gwillim Law (1996-10-07):
+# Geography, history (Tocantins was part of Goias until 1989), and other
+# sources of time zone information lead me to believe that AL, SE, and TO were
+# always in BR1, and so the only change was whether or not they observed DST....
+# The earliest issue of the SSIM I have is 2/91. Each issue from then until
+# 9/95 says that DST is observed only in the ten states I quoted from 9/95,
+# along with Mato Grosso (MT) and Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), which are in BR2
+# (UTC-4).... The other two time zones given for Brazil are BR3, which is
+# UTC-5, no DST, and applies only in the state of Acre (AC); and BR4, which is
+# UTC-2, and applies to Fernando de Noronha (formerly FN, but I believe it's
+# become part of the state of Pernambuco). The boundary between BR1 and BR2
+# has never been clearly stated. They've simply been called East and West.
+# However, some conclusions can be drawn from another IATA manual: the Airline
+# Coding Directory, which lists close to 400 airports in Brazil. For each
+# airport it gives a time zone which is coded to the SSIM. From that
+# information, I'm led to conclude that the states of Amapa (AP), Ceara (CE),
+# Maranhao (MA), Paraiba (PR), Pernambuco (PE), Piaui (PI), and Rio Grande do
+# Norte (RN), and the eastern part of Para (PA) are all in BR1 without DST.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
+# Let's make the following assumptions:
+#
+# * All data in Shanks are correct through 1990. In particular,
+# Shanks was right when he said Acre stopped observing DST in mid-1988.
+# * Areas where Shanks reports DST up to 1990, but the IATA reports no DST
+# in 1995, stopped observing DST in mid-1990.
+#
+# Under these assumptions Brazil needs 7 entries to cover all the distinct
+# time zone histories since 1970:
+#
+# Noronha (UTC-2), Fortaleza (UTC-3), and Manaus (UTC-4) stopped observing DST
+# in mid-1990.
+# Maceio (UTC-3) stopped observing DST in mid-1990, but started again mid-1995.
+# Sao Paulo (UTC-3) and Cuiaba (UTC-4) always observed DST.
+# Porto Acre (UTC-5) stopped observing DST in mid-1988.
+
+# From Rodrigo Feher <feher@pobox.com> (1998-01-17):
+# Reading "southamerica" file in timezone 7.55 I've found an
+# error. Line 193 say "Territory of Acre". It is not a territory anymore
+# but a state.
+
+# From Marcos Tadeu (1998-09-27):
+# <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/verao1.html">
+# Brazilian official page
+# </a>
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (1998-09-28):
+# The official decrees referenced below are taken from
+# <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/DecHV.html">
+# Decretos sobre o Horario de Verao no Brasil
+# </a> (1998-09-25, in Portuguese).
+# I don't read Portuguese, and haven't been able to verify them against
+# the Shanks and IATA data; there do seem to be minor discrepancies.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Brazil 1914 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Brazil 1931 only - Oct 3 11:00 1 D
+# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV20466.htm">20.466</a> (1931-01-10)
+# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV21896.htm">21.896</a> (1932-01-10)
+Rule Brazil 1931 only - Oct 3 11:00 1:00 D
Rule Brazil 1932 1933 - Apr 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Brazil 1932 only - Oct 3 0:00 1 D
-Rule Brazil 1949 1952 - Dec 1 0:00 1 D
+Rule Brazil 1932 only - Oct 3 0:00 1:00 D
+# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV23195.htm">23.195</a> (1933-10-10)
+# revoked DST.
+# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV27496.htm">27.496</a> (1949-11-24)
+# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV27998.htm">27.998</a> (1950-04-13)
+# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV32308.htm">32.308</a> (1953-02-24)
+Rule Brazil 1949 1952 - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Brazil 1950 only - Apr 16 0:00 0 S
Rule Brazil 1951 1953 - Apr 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Brazil 1963 only - Dec 9 0:00 1 D
+# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV34724.htm">34.724</a> (1953-11-30)
+# revoked DST.
+# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV52700.htm">52.700</a> (1963-10-18)
+# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV53071.htm">53.071</a> (1963-12-03)
+Rule Brazil 1963 only - Dec 9 0:00 1:00 D
+# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV53604.htm">53.604</a> (1964-02-25)
Rule Brazil 1964 only - Mar 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Brazil 1965 only - Jan 31 0:00 1 D
+# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV55639.htm">55.639</a> (1965-01-27)
+Rule Brazil 1965 only - Jan 31 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Brazil 1965 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Brazil 1965 only - Dec 1 0:00 1 D
+# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV57303.htm">57.303</a> (1965-11-22)
+Rule Brazil 1965 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 D
+# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV57843.htm">57.843</a> (1966-02-18)
Rule Brazil 1966 1968 - Mar 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Brazil 1966 1967 - Nov 1 0:00 1 D
-Rule Brazil 1985 only - Nov 2 0:00 1 D
+Rule Brazil 1966 1967 - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 D
+# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV63429.htm">63.429</a> (1968-10-15)
+# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV91698.htm">91.698</a> (1985-09-27)
+Rule Brazil 1985 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 D
+# Decree 92.310 (1986-01-21)
+# Decree 92.463 (1986-03-13)
Rule Brazil 1986 only - Mar 15 0:00 0 S
-Rule Brazil 1986 1987 - Oct Sat<=28 0:00 1 D
+# Decree 93.316 (1986-10-01)
+# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV94922.htm">94.922</a> (1987-09-22)
+Rule Brazil 1986 1987 - Oct Sat<=28 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Brazil 1987 only - Feb 14 0:00 0 S
Rule Brazil 1988 only - Feb 7 0:00 0 S
+# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV96676.htm">96.676</a> (1988-09-12)
+# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV98077.htm">98.077</a> (1989-08-21)
+# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV99530.htm">99.530</a> (1990-09-17)
+# Decree 99.629 (1990-10-19)
+# <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV1991.htm">Unnumbered decree</a> (1991-09-25):
+# <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV1992.htm">Unnumbered decree</a> (1992-10-16):
Rule Brazil 1989 only - Jan 22 0:00 0 S
-Rule Brazil 1988 max - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 1 D
-Rule Brazil 1990 max - Feb Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
+Rule Brazil 1988 1989 - Oct Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Brazil 1990 1991 - Feb Sun>=11 0:00 0 S
+Rule Brazil 1990 1992 - Oct Sun>=20 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Brazil 1992 only - Feb 9 0:00 0 S
+# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV942.htm">942</a> (1993-09-28)
+# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV1252.htm">1.252</a> (1994-09-22)
+# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV1636.htm">1.636</a> (1995-09-14)
+# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV1674.htm">1.674</a> (1995-10-13)
+Rule Brazil 1993 1995 - Oct Sun>=11 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Brazil 1993 only - Jan 31 0:00 0 S
+Rule Brazil 1994 1995 - Feb Sun>=15 0:00 0 S
+# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV2000.htm">2.000</a> (1996-09-04)
+Rule Brazil 1996 only - Feb Sun>=11 0:00 0 S
+Rule Brazil 1996 only - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
+# From Daniel C. Sobral <dcs@gns.com.br> (1998-02-12):
+# In 1997, the DS began on October 6. The stated reason was that
+# because international television networks ignored Brazil's policy on DS,
+# they bought the wrong times on satellite for coverage of Pope's visit.
+# This year, the ending date of DS was postponed to March 1
+# to help dealing with the shortages of electric power.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (1998-02-25):
+# <a href="http://churchnet.ucsm.ac.uk/news/files2/news165.htm">
+# Brazil Prepares for Papal Visit
+# </a>,
+# Church Net UK (1997-10-02).
+#
+# Decree 2.317 (1997-09-04)
+Rule Brazil 1997 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 D
+# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/figuras/HV2495.JPG">2.495</a>
+# (1998-02-10)
+Rule Brazil 1998 only - Mar 1 0:00 0 S
+# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/figuras/Hv98.jpg">2.780</a> (1998-09-11)
+# specifies only the 1998-10-11 and 1999-02-21 transitions;
+# after that, these rules are guesses and are quite possibly wrong,
+# but they are more likely than no DST at all.
+Rule Brazil 1998 max - Oct Sun>=11 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Brazil 1999 max - Feb Sun>=15 0:00 0 S
+
+
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+#
+# Fernando de Noronha
Zone America/Noronha -2:09:40 - LMT 1914
-2:00 - FST 1963 Dec 9
- -2:00 Brazil F%sT
+ -2:00 Brazil F%sT 1990 Jul
+ -2:00 - FST
+#
+# Amapa, east Para, Maranhao, Piaui, Ceara, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraiba,
+# Pernambuco (except Fernando de Noronha)
+Zone America/Fortaleza -2:34:00 - LMT 1914
+ -3:00 - EST 1963 Dec 9
+ -3:00 Brazil E%sT 1990 Jul
+ -3:00 - EST
+#
+# Alagoas, Sergipe, Tocantins
+# IATA SSIM (1996/1998) keeps bouncing back and forth as to whether
+# Alagoas and Sergipe observe DST. For now, continue to assume that they do.
+Zone America/Maceio -2:22:52 - LMT 1914
+ -3:00 - EST 1963 Dec 9
+ -3:00 Brazil E%sT 1990 Jul
+ -3:00 - EST 1995 Jul
+ -3:00 Brazil E%sT
+#
+# Bahia, Goias, Distrito Federal, Minas Gerais, Espirito Santo, Rio de Janeiro,
+# Sao Paulo, Parana, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul
Zone America/Sao_Paulo -3:06:28 - LMT 1914
-3:00 Brazil E%sT
-Zone America/Manaus -4:00:04 - LMT 1914
+#
+# Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul
+Zone America/Cuiaba -3:44:20 - LMT 1914
-4:00 - WST 1963 Dec 9
-4:00 Brazil W%sT
+#
+# Roraima, west Para, Amazonas, Rondonia
+Zone America/Manaus -4:00:04 - LMT 1914
+ -4:00 - WST 1963 Dec 9
+ -4:00 Brazil W%sT 1990 Jul
+ -4:00 - WST
+#
+# Acre
# Rio_Branco is too ambiguous, since there's a Rio Branco in Uruguay too.
Zone America/Porto_Acre -4:31:12 - LMT 1914
-5:00 - AST 1963 Dec 9
- -5:00 Brazil A%sT
+ -5:00 Brazil A%sT 1988 Jul
+ -5:00 - AST
#
# Martin Vaz and Trinidade are like America/Noronha.
# Chile
-# From Guy Harris:
-# The OAG lists October 11, 1987 and March 12, 1988 as the starting and
-# ending dates, giving them as "estimated date(s) based on previous year."
-
-# From Bob Devine (January 28, 1988):
-# Chile has had 2nd Sunday in October to 2nd Sunday in March DST since 1977.
-# Switch is at midnight. OAG is right.
+# From Eduardo Krell (1995-10-19):
+# The law says to switch to DST at midnight [24:00] on the second SATURDAY
+# of October.... The law is the same for March and October.
+# (1998-09-29):
+# Because of the drought this year, the government decided to go into
+# DST earlier (saturday 9/26 at 24:00). This is a one-time change only ...
+# (unless there's another dry season next year, I guess).
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Chile 1918 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Chile 1919 only - Jul 2 0:00 0 S
-Rule Chile 1927 1931 - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Chile 1928 1932 - Apr 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Chile 1969 max - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Chile 1970 max - Mar Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
+Rule Chile 1918 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Chile 1919 only - Jul 2 0:00 0 -
+Rule Chile 1927 1931 - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Chile 1928 1932 - Apr 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Chile 1969 1997 - Oct Sun>=9 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Chile 1970 max - Mar Sun>=9 0:00 0 -
+Rule Chile 1998 only - Sep 27 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Chile 1999 max - Oct Sun>=9 0:00 1:00 S
+# IATA SSIM anomalies: (1990-09) says 1990-09-16; (1992-02) says 1992-03-14;
+# (1996-09) says 1998-03-08. Ignore these for now.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Santiago -4:42:40 - LMT 1890
- -4:43 - SMT 1910 # Santiago Mean Time
- -5:00 Chile C%sT 1932 Sep
- -4:00 Chile C%sT
+ -4:42:40 - SMT 1910 # Santiago Mean Time
+ -5:00 Chile CL%sT 1932 Sep # Chile Time
+ -4:00 Chile CL%sT
Zone Pacific/Easter -7:17:28 - LMT 1890 # Mataveri
- -7:17 - MMT 1932 Sep # Mataveri Mean Time
- -7:00 Chile M%sT 1982 Mar 14
- -6:00 Chile C%sT
+ -7:17:28 - MMT 1932 Sep # Mataveri Mean Time
+ -7:00 Chile EAS%sT 1982 Mar 14 # Easter I Time
+ -6:00 Chile EAS%sT
#
# Whitman says Juan Fernandez Is are like America/Santiago.
# San Ambrosio, San Felix
@@ -216,119 +426,141 @@ Zone Pacific/Easter -7:17:28 - LMT 1890 # Mataveri
# Colombia
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule CO 1992 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S
+# Shanks (1995) estimates 1993-04-03 24:00 for this; go with IATA.
+Rule CO 1992 only - Dec 31 0:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Bogota -4:56:20 - LMT 1884 Mar 13
- -4:56 - BMT 1914 Nov 23 # Bogota Mean Time
- -5:00 - EST
+ -4:56:20 - BMT 1914 Nov 23 # Bogota Mean Time
+ -5:00 CO CO%sT # Colombia Time
# Malpelo, Providencia, San Andres
# no information; probably like America/Bogota
# Curacao
+# Shanks (1995) says that Bottom and Oranjestad have been at -4:00 since
+# standard time was introduced on 1912-03-02; and that Kralendijk and Rincon
+# used Kralendijk Mean Time (-4:33:08) from 1912-02-02 to 1965-01-01.
+# This all predates our 1970 cutoff, though.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Curacao -4:35:44 - LMT 1912 Feb 12 # Willemstad
- -4:30 - NAST 1965 # Netherlands Antilles
+ -4:30 - ANT 1965 # Netherlands Antilles Time
-4:00 - AST
# Ecuador
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Guayaquil -5:19:20 - LMT 1890
- -5:14 - QMT 1931 # Quito Mean Time
- -5:00 - EST
+ -5:14:00 - QMT 1931 # Quito Mean Time
+ -5:00 - ECT # Ecuador Time
Zone Pacific/Galapagos -5:58:24 - LMT 1931 # Puerto Baquerizo Moreno
- -5:00 - EST 1986
- -6:00 - CST
+ -5:00 - ECT 1986
+ -6:00 - GALT # Galapagos Time
# Falklands
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Falk 1912 only - Mar 12 0:00 0 S
-Rule Falk 1937 1938 - Sep lastSun 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Falk 1938 1942 - Mar Sun>=19 0:00 0 S
-Rule Falk 1939 only - Oct 1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Falk 1940 1942 - Sep lastSun 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Falk 1943 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Falk 1983 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Falk 1984 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 0 S
-Rule Falk 1984 only - Sep 16 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Falk 1985 max - Sep Sun>=9 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Falk 1986 max - Apr Sun>=16 0:00 0 S
+Rule Falk 1937 1938 - Sep lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Falk 1938 1942 - Mar Sun>=19 0:00 0 -
+Rule Falk 1939 only - Oct 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Falk 1940 1942 - Sep lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Falk 1943 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Falk 1983 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Falk 1984 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 0 -
+Rule Falk 1984 only - Sep 16 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Falk 1985 1995 - Sep Sun>=9 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Falk 1986 max - Apr Sun>=16 0:00 0 -
+Rule Falk 1996 max - Sep Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Atlantic/Stanley -3:51:24 - LMT 1890
- -3:51 - SMT 1912 Mar 12 # Stanley Mean Time
- -4:00 Falk A%sT 1983 May
- -3:00 Falk E%sT 1985 Sep 15
- -4:00 Falk A%sT
+ -3:51:24 - SMT 1912 Mar 12 # Stanley Mean Time
+ -4:00 Falk FK%sT 1983 May # Falkland Is Time
+ -3:00 Falk FK%sT 1985 Sep 15
+ -4:00 Falk FK%sT
# French Guiana
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Cayenne -3:29:20 - LMT 1911 Jul
- -4:00 - AST 1967 Oct
- -3:00 - EST
+ -4:00 - GFT 1967 Oct # French Guiana Time
+ -3:00 - GFT
# Guyana
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Guyana -3:52:40 - LMT 1915 Mar # Georgetown
- -3:45 - BGST 1975 Jul 31 # British Guiana ST
- -3:00 - EST
-
+ -3:45 - GBGT 1966 May 26 # Br Guiana Time
+ -3:45 - GYT 1975 Jul 31 # Guyana Time
+ -3:00 - GYT 1991
+# IATA SSIM (1996-06) says -4:00. Assume a 1991 switch.
+ -4:00 - GYT
# Paraguay
-# From Bob Devine (January 28, 1988):
+# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
# Paraguay: First day in October to last in March. Midnight switch??
# Since 1980.
-# From U. S. Naval Observatory (January 19, 1989):
+# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
# PARAGUAY 4 H BEHIND UTC
# PARAGUAY 3 H BEHIND UTC OCT 1, '88-MAR 31, '89
# From Shanks (1991):
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Para 1974 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Para 1975 1978 - Oct 1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Para 1975 1978 - Mar 1 0:00 0 S
+Rule Para 1975 1978 - Oct 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Para 1975 1978 - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
# Shanks says 1979 was all DST.
-Rule Para 1980 max - Apr 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Para 1980 1988 - Oct 1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Para 1989 only - Oct 22 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Para 1990 max - Oct 1 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Para 1980 1991 - Apr 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Para 1980 1988 - Oct 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Para 1989 only - Oct 22 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Para 1990 only - Oct 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Para 1991 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Para 1992 only - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Para 1992 only - Oct 5 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Para 1993 only - Mar 31 0:00 0 -
+Rule Para 1993 1995 - Oct 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Para 1994 1995 - Feb lastSun 0:00 0 -
+Rule Para 1996 1998 - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Para 1996 max - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
+# IATA SSIM (1998-02) claims that the 1999 switch will be on 02-27.
+# Assume this is a typo, and that 02-28 was meant.
+Rule Para 1999 max - Feb lastSun 0:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Asuncion -3:50:40 - LMT 1890
- -3:51 - AMT 1931 Oct 10 # Asuncion Mean Time
- -4:00 - AST 1972 Oct
- -3:00 - EST 1974 Apr
- -4:00 Para A%sT
+ -3:50:40 - AMT 1931 Oct 10 # Asuncion Mean Time
+ -4:00 - PYT 1972 Oct # Paraguay Time
+ -3:00 - PYT 1974 Apr
+ -4:00 Para PY%sT
# Peru
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Peru 1908 only - Jul 28 0:00 0 S
-Rule Peru 1938 only - Jan 1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Peru 1938 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Peru 1938 1939 - Sep lastSun 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Peru 1939 1940 - Mar Sun>=24 0:00 0 S
-Rule Peru 1987 only - Jan 1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Peru 1987 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Peru 1990 only - Jan 1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Peru 1990 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 S
+Rule Peru 1938 only - Jan 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Peru 1938 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Peru 1938 1939 - Sep lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Peru 1939 1940 - Mar Sun>=24 0:00 0 -
+Rule Peru 1987 only - Jan 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Peru 1987 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Peru 1990 only - Jan 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Peru 1990 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Peru 1993 only - Jan 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Peru 1993 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Lima -5:08:12 - LMT 1890
- -5:09 - LMT 1908 Jul 28
- -5:00 Peru E%sT
+ -5:09 - LMT 1908 Jul 28 # Lima Mean Time
+ -5:00 Peru PE%sT # Peru Time
# South Georgia
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Atlantic/South_Georgia -2:26:08 - LMT 1890 # Grytviken
- -2:00 - FST
+ -2:00 - GST # South Georgia Time
# South Sandwich Is
-# no information
+# uninhabited
# Suriname
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Paramaribo -3:40:40 - LMT 1911
-3:40:52 - PMT 1935 # Paramaribo Mean Time
-3:40:36 - PMT 1945 Oct # The capital moved?
- -3:30 - DGST 1984 Oct # Dutch Guiana Std Time
- -3:00 - EST
+ -3:30 - NEGT 1975 Nov 20 # Dutch Guiana Time
+ -3:30 - SRT 1984 Oct # Suriname Time
+ -3:00 - SRT
# Trinidad and Tobago
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
@@ -336,62 +568,65 @@ Zone America/Port_of_Spain -4:06:04 - LMT 1912 Mar 2
-4:00 - AST
# Uruguay
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993):
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1993-11-18):
# Uruguay wins the prize for the strangest peacetime manipulation of the rules.
-# Your guess is as good as mine for what happened after 1989.
# From Shanks (1991):
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Uruguay 1920 only - May 1 0:00 0 S
# Whitman gives 1923 Oct 1; go with Shanks.
-Rule Uruguay 1923 only - Oct 2 0:00 0:30 HD
-Rule Uruguay 1924 1926 - Apr 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Uruguay 1924 1925 - Oct 1 0:00 0:30 HD
-Rule Uruguay 1933 1935 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HD
+Rule Uruguay 1923 only - Oct 2 0:00 0:30 HS
+Rule Uruguay 1924 1926 - Apr 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Uruguay 1924 1925 - Oct 1 0:00 0:30 HS
+Rule Uruguay 1933 1935 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS
# Shanks gives 1935 Apr 1 0:00 and 1936 Mar 30 0:00; go with Whitman.
-Rule Uruguay 1934 1936 - Mar Sat>=25 23:30s 0 S
-Rule Uruguay 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 0:30 HD
-Rule Uruguay 1937 1941 - Mar lastSun 0:00 0 S
+Rule Uruguay 1934 1936 - Mar Sat>=25 23:30s 0 -
+Rule Uruguay 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 0:30 HS
+Rule Uruguay 1937 1941 - Mar lastSun 0:00 0 -
# Whitman gives 1937 Oct 3; go with Shanks.
-Rule Uruguay 1937 1940 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HD
+Rule Uruguay 1937 1940 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS
# Whitman gives 1941 Oct 24 - 1942 Mar 27, 1942 Dec 14 - 1943 Apr 13,
# and 1943 Apr 13 ``to present time''; go with Shanks.
-Rule Uruguay 1941 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Uruguay 1942 only - Jan 1 0:00 0:30 HD
-Rule Uruguay 1942 only - Dec 14 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Uruguay 1943 only - Mar 14 0:00 0 S
-Rule Uruguay 1959 only - May 24 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Uruguay 1959 only - Nov 15 0:00 0 S
-Rule Uruguay 1960 only - Jan 17 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Uruguay 1960 only - Mar 6 0:00 0 S
-Rule Uruguay 1965 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Uruguay 1965 only - Sep 26 0:00 0 S
-Rule Uruguay 1966 1967 - Oct 31 0:00 0 S
-Rule Uruguay 1968 1970 - May 27 0:00 0:30 HD
-Rule Uruguay 1968 1970 - Dec 2 0:00 0 S
-Rule Uruguay 1972 only - Apr 24 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Uruguay 1972 only - Aug 15 0:00 0 S
-Rule Uruguay 1974 only - Mar 10 0:00 0:30 HD
-Rule Uruguay 1974 only - Dec 22 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Uruguay 1976 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Uruguay 1977 only - Dec 4 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Uruguay 1978 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Uruguay 1979 only - Oct 1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Uruguay 1980 only - May 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Uruguay 1987 only - Dec 14 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Uruguay 1988 only - Mar 14 0:00 0 S
-Rule Uruguay 1988 only - Dec 11 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Uruguay 1989 only - Mar 12 0:00 0 S
-Rule Uruguay 1989 only - Oct 29 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Uruguay 1990 only - Mar 4 0:00 0 S
+Rule Uruguay 1941 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Uruguay 1942 only - Jan 1 0:00 0:30 HS
+Rule Uruguay 1942 only - Dec 14 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Uruguay 1943 only - Mar 14 0:00 0 -
+Rule Uruguay 1959 only - May 24 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Uruguay 1959 only - Nov 15 0:00 0 -
+Rule Uruguay 1960 only - Jan 17 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Uruguay 1960 only - Mar 6 0:00 0 -
+Rule Uruguay 1965 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Uruguay 1965 only - Sep 26 0:00 0 -
+Rule Uruguay 1966 1967 - Oct 31 0:00 0 -
+Rule Uruguay 1968 1970 - May 27 0:00 0:30 HS
+Rule Uruguay 1968 1970 - Dec 2 0:00 0 -
+Rule Uruguay 1972 only - Apr 24 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Uruguay 1972 only - Aug 15 0:00 0 -
+Rule Uruguay 1974 only - Mar 10 0:00 0:30 HS
+Rule Uruguay 1974 only - Dec 22 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Uruguay 1976 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Uruguay 1977 only - Dec 4 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Uruguay 1978 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Uruguay 1979 only - Oct 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Uruguay 1980 only - May 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Uruguay 1987 only - Dec 14 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Uruguay 1988 only - Mar 14 0:00 0 -
+Rule Uruguay 1988 only - Dec 11 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Uruguay 1989 only - Mar 12 0:00 0 -
+Rule Uruguay 1989 only - Oct 29 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Uruguay 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Uruguay 1990 1991 - Oct Sun>=21 0:00 1:00 S
+# Shanks's 4th edition (1995) says no DST was observed in 1990/1 and 1991/2,
+# and that 1992/3's DST was from 10-25 to 03-01. Go with IATA.
+Rule Uruguay 1992 only - Oct 18 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Uruguay 1993 only - Feb 28 0:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Montevideo -3:44:44 - LMT 1898 Jun 28
- -3:45 - MMT 1920 May 1 # Montevideo MT
- -3:30 Uruguay U%sT 1942 Dec 14 # Uruguay ST
- -3:00 Uruguay E%sT
+ -3:44:44 - MMT 1920 May 1 # Montevideo MT
+ -3:30 Uruguay UY%sT 1942 Dec 14 # Uruguay Time
+ -3:00 Uruguay UY%sT
# Venezuela
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Caracas -4:27:44 - LMT 1890
- -4:28 - CMT 1912 Feb 12 # Caracas Mean Time
- -4:30 - VZT 1965 # Venezuela Time
- -4:00 - AST
+ -4:27:44 - CMT 1912 Feb 12 # Caracas Mean Time
+ -4:30 - VET 1965 # Venezuela Time
+ -4:00 - VET
diff --git a/share/zoneinfo/yearistype.sh b/share/zoneinfo/yearistype.sh
index 42ef29b..809f549 100755
--- a/share/zoneinfo/yearistype.sh
+++ b/share/zoneinfo/yearistype.sh
@@ -1,18 +1,26 @@
#! /bin/sh
-: '@(#)yearistype.sh 7.2'
+: '@(#)yearistype.sh 7.4'
case $#-$2 in
- 2-odd) case $1 in
- *[13579]) exit 0 ;;
- *) exit 1 ;;
- esac ;;
- 2-even) case $1 in
- *[24680]) exit 0 ;;
- *) exit 1 ;;
- esac ;;
- 2-*) echo "$0: wild type - $2" >&2
- exit 1 ;;
- *) echo "$0: usage is $0 year type" >&2
- exit 1 ;;
+ 2-even) case $1 in
+ *[24680]) exit 0 ;;
+ *) exit 1 ;;
+ esac ;;
+ 2-nonpres) case $1 in
+ *[02468][048]|*[13579][26]) exit 1 ;;
+ *) exit 0 ;;
+ esac ;;
+ 2-odd) case $1 in
+ *[13579]) exit 0 ;;
+ *) exit 1 ;;
+ esac ;;
+ 2-uspres) case $1 in
+ *[02468][048]|*[13579][26]) exit 0 ;;
+ *) exit 1 ;;
+ esac ;;
+ 2-*) echo "$0: wild type - $2" >&2
+ exit 1 ;;
+ *) echo "$0: usage is $0 year type" >&2
+ exit 1 ;;
esac
diff --git a/share/zoneinfo/zone.tab b/share/zoneinfo/zone.tab
index fef6a72..78a0ed4 100644
--- a/share/zoneinfo/zone.tab
+++ b/share/zoneinfo/zone.tab
@@ -31,9 +31,17 @@ AN +1211-06900 America/Curacao
AO -0848+01314 Africa/Luanda
AQ -7750+16636 Antarctica/McMurdo McMurdo Station, Ross Island
AQ -9000+00000 Antarctica/South_Pole Amundsen-Scott Station, South Pole
-AQ -6617+11031 Antarctica/Casey Casey Station, Bailey Peninsula
+AQ -6448-06406 Antarctica/Palmer Palmer Station, Anvers Island
AQ -6736+06253 Antarctica/Mawson Mawson Station, Holme Bay
-AR -3436-05827 America/Buenos_Aires
+AQ -6835+07758 Antarctica/Davis Davis Station, Vestfold Hills
+AQ -6617+11031 Antarctica/Casey Casey Station, Bailey Peninsula
+AQ -6640+14001 Antarctica/DumontDUrville Dumont-d'Urville Base, Terre Adelie
+AR -3436-05827 America/Buenos_Aires E Argentina (BA, DF, SC, TF)
+AR -3257-06040 America/Rosario NE Argentina (SF, ER, CN, MN, CC, FM, LP, CH)
+AR -3124-06411 America/Cordoba W Argentina (CB, SA, TM, LR, SJ, SL, NQ, RN)
+AR -2411-06518 America/Jujuy Jujuy (JY)
+AR -2828-06547 America/Catamarca Catamarca (CT)
+AR -3253-06849 America/Mendoza Mendoza (MZ)
AS -1416-17042 Pacific/Pago_Pago
AT +4813+01620 Europe/Vienna
AU -3133+15905 Australia/Lord_Howe Lord Howe Island
@@ -41,7 +49,8 @@ AU -4253+14719 Australia/Hobart Tasmania
AU -3749+14458 Australia/Melbourne Victoria
AU -3352+15113 Australia/Sydney New South Wales - most locations
AU -3157+14127 Australia/Broken_Hill New South Wales - Broken Hill
-AU -2728+15302 Australia/Brisbane Queensland
+AU -2728+15302 Australia/Brisbane Queensland - most locations
+AU -2016+14900 Australia/Lindeman Queensland - Holiday Islands
AU -3455+13835 Australia/Adelaide South Australia
AU -1228+13050 Australia/Darwin Northern Territory
AU -3157+11551 Australia/Perth Western Australia
@@ -59,9 +68,12 @@ BJ +0629+00237 Africa/Porto-Novo
BM +3217-06446 Atlantic/Bermuda
BN +0456+11455 Asia/Brunei
BO -1630-06809 America/La_Paz
-BR -0351-03225 America/Noronha Atlantic islands
-BR -2332-04637 America/Sao_Paulo east Brazil
-BR -0308-06001 America/Manaus west Brazil
+BR -0351-03225 America/Noronha Fernando de Noronha
+BR -0343-03830 America/Fortaleza NE Brazil (AP, east PA, MA, PI, CE, RN, PR, PE)
+BR -0940-03543 America/Maceio ENE Brazil (AL, SE, TO)
+BR -2332-04637 America/Sao_Paulo S & SE Brazil (BA, GO, DF, MG, ES, RJ, SP, PR, SC, RS)
+BR -1535-05605 America/Cuiaba SW Brazil (MT, MS)
+BR -0308-06001 America/Manaus NW Brazil (RR, west PA, AM, RO)
BR -0934-06731 America/Porto_Acre Acre
BS +2505-07721 America/Nassau
BT +2728+08939 Asia/Thimbu
@@ -69,8 +81,9 @@ BW -2545+02555 Africa/Gaborone
BY +5354+02734 Europe/Minsk
BZ +1730-08812 America/Belize
CA +4734-05243 America/St_Johns Newfoundland Island
-CA +4439-06336 America/Halifax Atlantic Time - Nova Scotia (most locations), New Brunswick, Labrador & PEI
+CA +4439-06336 America/Halifax Atlantic Time - Nova Scotia (most places), NB, W Labrador, E Quebec & PEI
CA +4612-05957 America/Glace_Bay Atlantic Time - Nova Scotia - places that did not observe DST 1966-1971
+CA +5320-06025 America/Goose_Bay Atlantic Time - E Labrador
CA +6608-06544 America/Pangnirtung Atlantic Time - Northwest Territories
CA +4531-07334 America/Montreal Eastern Time - Ontario & Quebec - most locations
CA +4901-08816 America/Nipigon Eastern Time - Ontario & Quebec - places that did not observe DST 1967-1973
@@ -89,6 +102,8 @@ CA +4916-12307 America/Vancouver Pacific Time - west British Columbia
CA +6043-13503 America/Whitehorse Pacific Time - south Yukon
CA +6404-13925 America/Dawson Pacific Time - north Yukon
CC -1210+09655 Indian/Cocos
+CD -0418+01518 Africa/Kinshasa west Dem. Rep. of Congo
+CD -1140+02728 Africa/Lubumbashi east Dem. Rep. of Congo
CF +0422+01835 Africa/Bangui
CG -0416+01517 Africa/Brazzaville
CH +4723+00832 Europe/Zurich
@@ -99,6 +114,7 @@ CL -2710-10927 Pacific/Easter Easter Island
CM +0403+00942 Africa/Douala
CN +4545+12641 Asia/Harbin north Manchuria
CN +3114+12128 Asia/Shanghai China coast
+CN +2217+11409 Asia/Hong_Kong Hong Kong
CN +2934+10635 Asia/Chungking China mountains
CN +4348+08735 Asia/Urumqi Tibet & Xinjiang
CN +3929+07559 Asia/Kashgar Eastern Turkestan
@@ -155,7 +171,6 @@ GT +1438-09031 America/Guatemala
GU +1328+14445 Pacific/Guam
GW +1151-01535 Africa/Bissau
GY +0648-05810 America/Guyana
-HK +2217+11409 Asia/Hong_Kong
HN +1406-08713 America/Tegucigalpa
HR +4548+01558 Europe/Zagreb
HT +1832-07220 America/Port-au-Prince
@@ -164,8 +179,7 @@ ID -0610+10648 Asia/Jakarta Java & Sumatra
ID -0507+11924 Asia/Ujung_Pandang Borneo & Celebes
ID -0232+14042 Asia/Jayapura Irian Jaya & the Moluccas
IE +5320-00615 Europe/Dublin
-IL +3146+03514 Asia/Jerusalem most locations
-IL +3130+03428 Asia/Gaza Gaza Strip
+IL +3146+03514 Asia/Jerusalem
IN +2232+08822 Asia/Calcutta
IO -0720+07225 Indian/Chagos
IQ +3321+04425 Asia/Baghdad
@@ -188,8 +202,9 @@ KP +3901+12545 Asia/Pyongyang
KR +3733+12658 Asia/Seoul
KW +2920+04759 Asia/Kuwait
KY +1918-08123 America/Cayman
-KZ +4315+07657 Asia/Alma-Ata east Kazakhstan
-KZ +5016+07302 Asia/Aktau west Kazakhstan
+KZ +4315+07657 Asia/Almaty east Kazakhstan
+KZ +5017+05710 Asia/Aqtobe central Kazakhstan
+KZ +4431+05016 Asia/Aqtau west Kazakhstan
LA +1758+10236 Asia/Vientiane
LB +3353+03530 Asia/Beirut
LC +1401-06100 America/St_Lucia
@@ -216,13 +231,15 @@ MO +2214+11335 Asia/Macao
MP +1512+14545 Pacific/Saipan
MQ +1436-06105 America/Martinique
MR +1806-01557 Africa/Nouakchott
-MS +1642-06213 America/Montserrat
+MS +1644-06213 America/Montserrat
MT +3554+01431 Europe/Malta
MU -2010+05730 Indian/Mauritius
MV +0410+07330 Indian/Maldives
MW -1547+03500 Africa/Blantyre
+MX +2105-08646 America/Cancun Eastern Time
MX +1924-09909 America/Mexico_City Central Time
-MX +2313-10625 America/Mazatlan Mountain Time
+MX +2313-10625 America/Mazatlan Mountain Time - most locations
+MX +2838-10605 America/Chihuahua Mountain Time - Chihuahua
MX +3152-11637 America/Ensenada Pacific Time - most locations
MX +3232-11701 America/Tijuana Pacific Time - north Baja California
MY +0310+10142 Asia/Kuala_Lumpur peninsular Malaysia
@@ -240,7 +257,7 @@ NP +2743+08519 Asia/Katmandu
NR -0031+16655 Pacific/Nauru
NU -1901+16955 Pacific/Niue
NZ -3652+17446 Pacific/Auckland most locations
-NZ -4355+17630 Pacific/Chatham Chatham Island
+NZ -4355-17630 Pacific/Chatham Chatham Islands
OM +2336+05835 Asia/Muscat
PA +0858-07932 America/Panama
PE -1203-07703 America/Lima
@@ -254,6 +271,7 @@ PL +5215+02100 Europe/Warsaw
PM +4703-05620 America/Miquelon
PN -2504-13005 Pacific/Pitcairn
PR +182806-0660622 America/Puerto_Rico
+PS +3130+03428 Asia/Gaza
PT +3843-00908 Europe/Lisbon mainland
PT +3238-01654 Atlantic/Madeira Madeira Islands
PT +3744-02540 Atlantic/Azores Azores
@@ -262,15 +280,16 @@ PY -2516-05740 America/Asuncion
QA +2517+05132 Asia/Qatar
RE -2052+05528 Indian/Reunion
RO +4426+02606 Europe/Bucharest
+RU +5443+02030 Europe/Kaliningrad Moscow-01 - Kaliningrad
RU +5545+03735 Europe/Moscow Moscow+00 - west Russia
-RU +5312+05009 Europe/Kuybyshev Moscow+01 - Caspian Sea
+RU +5312+05009 Europe/Samara Moscow+01 - Caspian Sea
RU +5651+06036 Asia/Yekaterinburg Moscow+02 - Urals
RU +5500+07324 Asia/Omsk Moscow+03 - west Siberia
RU +5502+08255 Asia/Novosibirsk Moscow+03 - Novosibirsk
RU +5601+09250 Asia/Krasnoyarsk Moscow+04 - Yenisei River
-RU +5216+10420 Asia/Irkutsk Moscow+05 - Irkutsk
+RU +5216+10420 Asia/Irkutsk Moscow+05 - Lake Baikal
RU +6200+12940 Asia/Yakutsk Moscow+06 - Lena River
-RU +4310+13156 Asia/Vladivostok Moscow+07 - Vladivostok
+RU +4310+13156 Asia/Vladivostok Moscow+07 - Amur River
RU +5934+15048 Asia/Magadan Moscow+08 - Magadan & Sakhalin
RU +5301+15839 Asia/Kamchatka Moscow+09 - Kamchatka
RU +6445+17729 Asia/Anadyr Moscow+10 - Bering Sea
@@ -297,6 +316,7 @@ SY +3330+03618 Asia/Damascus
SZ -2618+03106 Africa/Mbabane
TC +2128-07108 America/Grand_Turk
TD +1207+01503 Africa/Ndjamena
+TF -492110+0701303 Indian/Kerguelen
TG +0608+00113 Africa/Lome
TH +1345+10031 Asia/Bangkok
TJ +3835+06848 Asia/Dushanbe
@@ -336,7 +356,8 @@ US +643004-1652423 America/Nome Alaska Time - west Alaska
US +515248-1763929 America/Adak Aleutian Islands
US +211825-1575130 Pacific/Honolulu Hawaii
UY -3453-05611 America/Montevideo
-UZ +4120+06918 Asia/Tashkent
+UZ +3940+06648 Asia/Samarkand west Uzbekistan
+UZ +4120+06918 Asia/Tashkent east Uzbekistan
VA +4154+01227 Europe/Vatican
VC +1309-06114 America/St_Vincent
VE +1030-06656 America/Caracas
@@ -351,6 +372,4 @@ YT -1247+04514 Indian/Mayotte
YU +4450+02030 Europe/Belgrade
ZA -2615+02800 Africa/Johannesburg
ZM -1525+02817 Africa/Lusaka
-ZR -0418+01518 Africa/Kinshasa west Zaire
-ZR -1140+02728 Africa/Lubumbashi east Zaire
ZW -1750+03103 Africa/Harare
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