diff options
author | ru <ru@FreeBSD.org> | 2003-05-21 15:55:40 +0000 |
---|---|---|
committer | ru <ru@FreeBSD.org> | 2003-05-21 15:55:40 +0000 |
commit | 19a496805555c7b2d6df9ebc2a5a6acaa00e90db (patch) | |
tree | b5e927cbcf572b242b941119c2ed85afd5c3b861 /share/man/man4 | |
parent | 4651223aa27f0caa105fc497d013dbd249571cab (diff) | |
download | FreeBSD-src-19a496805555c7b2d6df9ebc2a5a6acaa00e90db.zip FreeBSD-src-19a496805555c7b2d6df9ebc2a5a6acaa00e90db.tar.gz |
Kill whitespace at EOL.
Approved by: re (blanket)
Diffstat (limited to 'share/man/man4')
-rw-r--r-- | share/man/man4/em.4 | 2 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | share/man/man4/geom.4 | 4 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | share/man/man4/mac.4 | 12 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | share/man/man4/mac_bsdextended.4 | 8 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | share/man/man4/mac_ifoff.4 | 10 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | share/man/man4/mac_lomac.4 | 8 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | share/man/man4/mac_mls.4 | 10 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | share/man/man4/mac_none.4 | 8 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | share/man/man4/mac_partition.4 | 10 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | share/man/man4/mac_seeotheruids.4 | 8 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | share/man/man4/mac_stub.4 | 8 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | share/man/man4/mac_test.4 | 8 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | share/man/man4/raid.4 | 76 |
13 files changed, 86 insertions, 86 deletions
diff --git a/share/man/man4/em.4 b/share/man/man4/em.4 index 86c1222..a8728a8 100644 --- a/share/man/man4/em.4 +++ b/share/man/man4/em.4 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ .\" Copyright (c) 2001-2003, Intel Corporation .\" All rights reserved. -.\" +.\" .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met: .\" diff --git a/share/man/man4/geom.4 b/share/man/man4/geom.4 index a39a133..33dce69 100644 --- a/share/man/man4/geom.4 +++ b/share/man/man4/geom.4 @@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ not loose quorum. .Pp When a provider is orphaned, this does not necessarily result in any immediate change in the topology: any attached consumers are still -attached, any opened paths are still open, any outstanding I/O +attached, any opened paths are still open, any outstanding I/O requests are still outstanding. .Pp The typical scenario is @@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ The typical scenario is .It A device driver detects a disk has departed and orphans the provider for it. .It -The geoms on top of the disk receive the orphanization event and +The geoms on top of the disk receive the orphanization event and orphans all their providers in turn. Providers, which are not attached to, will typically self-destruct right away. diff --git a/share/man/man4/mac.4 b/share/man/man4/mac.4 index b85024d..d6ff70c 100644 --- a/share/man/man4/mac.4 +++ b/share/man/man4/mac.4 @@ -1,12 +1,12 @@ .\" Copyright (c) 2003 Networks Associates Technology, Inc. .\" All rights reserved. -.\" +.\" .\" This software was developed for the FreeBSD Project by Chris Costello .\" at Safeport Network Services and Network Associates Labs, the .\" Security Research Division of Network Associates, Inc. under .\" DARPA/SPAWAR contract N66001-01-C-8035 ("CBOSS"), as part of the .\" DARPA CHATS research program. -.\" +.\" .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions .\" are met: @@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. -.\" +.\" .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHORS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND .\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE @@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ .\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY .\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF .\" SUCH DAMAGE. -.\" +.\" .\" $FreeBSD$ .Dd JANUARY 8, 2003 .Os @@ -285,8 +285,8 @@ concerning appropriateness for production use. The TrustedBSD MAC Framework is considered experimental in .Fx . .Pp -While the MAC Framework design is intended to support the containment of -the root user, not all attack channels are currently protected by entry +While the MAC Framework design is intended to support the containment of +the root user, not all attack channels are currently protected by entry point checks. As such, MAC Framework policies should not be relied on, in isolation, to protect against a malicious privileged user. diff --git a/share/man/man4/mac_bsdextended.4 b/share/man/man4/mac_bsdextended.4 index 0569692..5e8292f 100644 --- a/share/man/man4/mac_bsdextended.4 +++ b/share/man/man4/mac_bsdextended.4 @@ -1,12 +1,12 @@ .\" Copyright (c) 2002 Networks Associates Technology, Inc. .\" All rights reserved. -.\" +.\" .\" This software was developed for the FreeBSD Project by Chris Costello .\" at Safeport Network Services and Network Associates Laboratories, the .\" Security Research Division of Network Associates, Inc. under .\" DARPA/SPAWAR contract N66001-01-C-8035 ("CBOSS"), as part of the .\" DARPA CHATS research program. -.\" +.\" .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions .\" are met: @@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. -.\" +.\" .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHORS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND .\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE @@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ .\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY .\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF .\" SUCH DAMAGE. -.\" +.\" .\" $FreeBSD$ .Dd OCTOBER 16, 2002 .Os diff --git a/share/man/man4/mac_ifoff.4 b/share/man/man4/mac_ifoff.4 index c1e4984..a6c02e9 100644 --- a/share/man/man4/mac_ifoff.4 +++ b/share/man/man4/mac_ifoff.4 @@ -1,12 +1,12 @@ .\" Copyright (c) 2002 Networks Associates Technology, Inc. .\" All rights reserved. -.\" +.\" .\" This software was developed for the FreeBSD Project by Chris Costello .\" at Safeport Network Services and Network Associates Laboratories, the .\" Security Research Division of Network Associates, Inc. under .\" DARPA/SPAWAR contract N66001-01-C-8035 ("CBOSS"), as part of the .\" DARPA CHATS research program. -.\" +.\" .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions .\" are met: @@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. -.\" +.\" .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHORS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND .\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE @@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ .\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY .\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF .\" SUCH DAMAGE. -.\" +.\" .\" $FreeBSD$ .Dd DECEMBER 10, 2002 .Os @@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ concerning appropriateness for production use. The TrustedBSD MAC Framework is considered experimental in .Fx . .Pp -While the MAC Framework design is intended to support the containment of +While the MAC Framework design is intended to support the containment of the root user, not all attack channels are currently protected by entry point checks. As such, MAC Framework policies should not be relied on, in isolation, diff --git a/share/man/man4/mac_lomac.4 b/share/man/man4/mac_lomac.4 index a3d1795..7d290ea 100644 --- a/share/man/man4/mac_lomac.4 +++ b/share/man/man4/mac_lomac.4 @@ -1,12 +1,12 @@ .\" Copyright (c) 2002 Networks Associates Technology, Inc. .\" All rights reserved. -.\" +.\" .\" This software was developed for the FreeBSD Project by Chris Costello .\" at Safeport Network Services and Network Associates Laboratories, the .\" Security Research Division of Network Associates, Inc. under .\" DARPA/SPAWAR contract N66001-01-C-8035 ("CBOSS"), as part of the .\" DARPA CHATS research program. -.\" +.\" .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions .\" are met: @@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. -.\" +.\" .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHORS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND .\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE @@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ .\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY .\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF .\" SUCH DAMAGE. -.\" +.\" .\" $FreeBSD$ .Dd December 11, 2002 .Os diff --git a/share/man/man4/mac_mls.4 b/share/man/man4/mac_mls.4 index 60f05b1..f252439 100644 --- a/share/man/man4/mac_mls.4 +++ b/share/man/man4/mac_mls.4 @@ -1,12 +1,12 @@ .\" Copyright (c) 2002 Networks Associates Technology, Inc. .\" All rights reserved. -.\" +.\" .\" This software was developed for the FreeBSD Project by Chris Costello .\" at Safeport Network Services and Network Associates Laboratories, the .\" Security Research Division of Network Associates, Inc. under .\" DARPA/SPAWAR contract N66001-01-C-8035 ("CBOSS"), as part of the .\" DARPA CHATS research program. -.\" +.\" .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions .\" are met: @@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. -.\" +.\" .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHORS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND .\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE @@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ .\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY .\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF .\" SUCH DAMAGE. -.\" +.\" .\" $FreeBSD$ .Dd DECEMBER 1, 2002 .Os @@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ concerning appropriateness for production use. The TrustedBSD MAC Framework is considered experimental in .Fx . .Pp -While the MAC Framework design is intended to support the containment of +While the MAC Framework design is intended to support the containment of the root user, not all attack channels are currently protected by entry point checks. As such, MAC Framework policies should not be relied on, in isolation, diff --git a/share/man/man4/mac_none.4 b/share/man/man4/mac_none.4 index 8ba04a6..a9cb6ee 100644 --- a/share/man/man4/mac_none.4 +++ b/share/man/man4/mac_none.4 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ .\" Copyright (c) 2002 Networks Associates Technology, Inc. .\" All rights reserved. -.\" +.\" .\" This software was developed for the FreeBSD Project by Chris Costello .\" at Safeport Network Services and Network Associates Laboratories, the .\" Security Research Division of Network Associates, Inc. under @@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. -.\" +.\" .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHORS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND .\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE @@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ .\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY .\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF .\" SUCH DAMAGE. -.\" +.\" .\" $FreeBSD$ .Dd DECEMBER 1, 2002 .Os @@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ concerning appropriateness for production use. The TrustedBSD MAC Framework is considered experimental in .Fx . .Pp -While the MAC Framework design is intended to support the containment of +While the MAC Framework design is intended to support the containment of the root user, not all attack channels are currently protected by entry point checks. As such, MAC Framework policies should not be relied on, in isolation, diff --git a/share/man/man4/mac_partition.4 b/share/man/man4/mac_partition.4 index 0eb9786..976ff2f 100644 --- a/share/man/man4/mac_partition.4 +++ b/share/man/man4/mac_partition.4 @@ -1,12 +1,12 @@ .\" Copyright (c) 2002 Networks Associates Technology, Inc. .\" All rights reserved. -.\" +.\" .\" This software was developed for the FreeBSD Project by Chris Costello .\" at Safeport Network Services and Network Associates Laboratories, the .\" Security Research Division of Network Associates, Inc. under .\" DARPA/SPAWAR contract N66001-01-C-8035 ("CBOSS"), as part of the .\" DARPA CHATS research program. -.\" +.\" .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions .\" are met: @@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. -.\" +.\" .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHORS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND .\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE @@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ .\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY .\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF .\" SUCH DAMAGE. -.\" +.\" .\" $FreeBSD$ .Dd DECEMBER 9, 2002 .Os @@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ concerning appropriateness for production use. The TrustedBSD MAC Framework is considered experimental in .Fx . .Pp -While the MAC Framework design is intended to support the containment of +While the MAC Framework design is intended to support the containment of the root user, not all attack channels are currently protected by entry point checks. As such, MAC Framework policies should not be relied on, in isolation, diff --git a/share/man/man4/mac_seeotheruids.4 b/share/man/man4/mac_seeotheruids.4 index 9ef5906..d41f46b 100644 --- a/share/man/man4/mac_seeotheruids.4 +++ b/share/man/man4/mac_seeotheruids.4 @@ -1,12 +1,12 @@ .\" Copyright (c) 2002 Networks Associates Technology, Inc. .\" All rights reserved. -.\" +.\" .\" This software was developed for the FreeBSD Project by Chris Costello .\" at Safeport Network Services and Network Associates Laboratories, the .\" Security Research Division of Network Associates, Inc. under .\" DARPA/SPAWAR contract N66001-01-C-8035 ("CBOSS"), as part of the .\" DARPA CHATS research program. -.\" +.\" .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions .\" are met: @@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. -.\" +.\" .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHORS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND .\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE @@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ .\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY .\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF .\" SUCH DAMAGE. -.\" +.\" .\" $FreeBSD$ .Dd DECEMBER 8, 2002 .Os diff --git a/share/man/man4/mac_stub.4 b/share/man/man4/mac_stub.4 index 8ba04a6..a9cb6ee 100644 --- a/share/man/man4/mac_stub.4 +++ b/share/man/man4/mac_stub.4 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ .\" Copyright (c) 2002 Networks Associates Technology, Inc. .\" All rights reserved. -.\" +.\" .\" This software was developed for the FreeBSD Project by Chris Costello .\" at Safeport Network Services and Network Associates Laboratories, the .\" Security Research Division of Network Associates, Inc. under @@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. -.\" +.\" .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHORS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND .\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE @@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ .\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY .\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF .\" SUCH DAMAGE. -.\" +.\" .\" $FreeBSD$ .Dd DECEMBER 1, 2002 .Os @@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ concerning appropriateness for production use. The TrustedBSD MAC Framework is considered experimental in .Fx . .Pp -While the MAC Framework design is intended to support the containment of +While the MAC Framework design is intended to support the containment of the root user, not all attack channels are currently protected by entry point checks. As such, MAC Framework policies should not be relied on, in isolation, diff --git a/share/man/man4/mac_test.4 b/share/man/man4/mac_test.4 index e108267..14ad80f 100644 --- a/share/man/man4/mac_test.4 +++ b/share/man/man4/mac_test.4 @@ -1,12 +1,12 @@ .\" Copyright (c) 2002 Networks Associates Technology, Inc. .\" All rights reserved. -.\" +.\" .\" This software was developed for the FreeBSD Project by Chris Costello .\" at Safeport Network Services and Network Associates Laboratories, the .\" Security Research Division of Network Associates, Inc. under .\" DARPA/SPAWAR contract N66001-01-C-8035 ("CBOSS"), as part of the .\" DARPA CHATS research program. -.\" +.\" .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions .\" are met: @@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. -.\" +.\" .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHORS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND .\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE @@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ .\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY .\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF .\" SUCH DAMAGE. -.\" +.\" .\" $FreeBSD$ .Dd DECEMBER 1, 2002 .Os diff --git a/share/man/man4/raid.4 b/share/man/man4/raid.4 index 9f729ce..43e2820 100644 --- a/share/man/man4/raid.4 +++ b/share/man/man4/raid.4 @@ -38,29 +38,29 @@ .\" .\" Copyright (c) 1995 Carnegie-Mellon University. .\" All rights reserved. -.\" +.\" .\" Author: Mark Holland -.\" +.\" .\" Permission to use, copy, modify and distribute this software and .\" its documentation is hereby granted, provided that both the copyright .\" notice and this permission notice appear in all copies of the .\" software, derivative works or modified versions, and any portions .\" thereof, and that both notices appear in supporting documentation. -.\" +.\" .\" CARNEGIE MELLON ALLOWS FREE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE IN ITS "AS IS" .\" CONDITION. CARNEGIE MELLON DISCLAIMS ANY LIABILITY OF ANY KIND .\" FOR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE. -.\" +.\" .\" Carnegie Mellon requests users of this software to return to -.\" +.\" .\" Software Distribution Coordinator or Software.Distribution@CS.CMU.EDU .\" School of Computer Science .\" Carnegie Mellon University .\" Pittsburgh PA 15213-3890 -.\" +.\" .\" any improvements or extensions that they make and grant Carnegie the .\" rights to redistribute these changes. -.\" +.\" .Dd October 20, 2002 .Dt RAID 4 .Os @@ -77,20 +77,20 @@ driver provides RAID 0, 1, 4, and 5 (and more!) capabilities to This document assumes that the reader has at least some familiarity with RAID and RAID concepts. The reader is also assumed to know how to configure -disks and pseudo-devices into kernels, how to generate kernels, and how +disks and pseudo-devices into kernels, how to generate kernels, and how to partition disks. .Pp RAIDframe provides a number of different RAID levels including: .Bl -tag -width indent -.It RAID 0 +.It RAID 0 provides simple data striping across the components. -.It RAID 1 +.It RAID 1 provides mirroring. -.It RAID 4 +.It RAID 4 provides data striping across the components, with parity stored on a dedicated drive (in this case, the last component). -.It RAID 5 -provides data striping across the components, with parity +.It RAID 5 +provides data striping across the components, with parity distributed across all the components. .El .Pp @@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ reconstructed from the data and parity present on the other components. This results in much slower data accesses, but does mean that a failure need not bring the system to a complete halt. .Pp -The RAID driver supports and enforces the use of +The RAID driver supports and enforces the use of .Sq component labels . A .Sq component label @@ -147,8 +147,8 @@ root file system. See .Xr raidctl 8 for more information on auto-configuration of RAID sets. .Pp -The driver supports -.Sq hot spares , +The driver supports +.Sq hot spares , disks which are on-line, but are not actively used in an existing file system. Should a disk fail, the driver is capable of reconstructing the failed disk onto a hot spare @@ -163,14 +163,14 @@ the reconstructed data from the hot spare to the previously failed If a component cannot be detected when the RAID device is configured, that component will be simply marked as 'failed'. .Pp -The user-land utility for doing all +The user-land utility for doing all .Nm configuration and other operations -is +is .Xr raidctl 8 . -Most importantly, +Most importantly, .Xr raidctl 8 -must be used with the +must be used with the .Fl i option to initialize all RAID sets. In particular, this initialization includes re-building the parity data. This rebuilding @@ -178,21 +178,21 @@ of parity data is also required when either a) a new RAID device is brought up for the first time or b) after an un-clean shutdown of a RAID device. By using the .Fl P -option to +option to .Xr raidctl 8 , -and performing this on-demand recomputation of all parity -before doing a +and performing this on-demand recomputation of all parity +before doing a .Xr fsck 8 or a .Xr newfs 8 , file system integrity and parity integrity can be ensured. It bears -repeating again that parity recomputation is +repeating again that parity recomputation is .Ar required before any file systems are created or used on the RAID device. If the parity is not correct, then missing data cannot be correctly recovered. .Pp -RAID levels may be combined in a hierarchical fashion. For example, a RAID 0 -device can be constructed out of a number of RAID 5 devices (which, in turn, +RAID levels may be combined in a hierarchical fashion. For example, a RAID 0 +device can be constructed out of a number of RAID 5 devices (which, in turn, may be constructed out of the physical disks, or of other RAID devices). .Pp It is important that drives be hard-coded at their respective @@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ addresses (i.e. not left free-floating, where a drive with SCSI ID of device. This is true for all types of drives, including IDE, SCSI, etc. For IDE drivers, use the option ATAPI_STATIC_ID in your kernel config file. For SCSI, you should 'wire down' the devices according to -their ID. See +their ID. See .Xr cam 4 for examples of this. The rationale for fixing the device addresses @@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ about where the components live. The auto-configuration code will correctly configure a device even after any number of the components have been re-arranged. .Pp -The first step to using the +The first step to using the .Nm driver is to ensure that it is suitably configured in the kernel. This is done by adding a line similar to: @@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ options RAID_AUTOCONFIG to the kernel configuration file. .Pp All component partitions must be of the type -.Dv FS_BSDFFS +.Dv FS_BSDFFS (e.g. 4.2BSD) or .Dv FS_RAID . The use of the latter is strongly encouraged, and is required if @@ -245,9 +245,9 @@ auto-configuration of the RAID set is desired. Since RAIDframe leaves room for disklabels, RAID components can be simply raw disks, or partitions which use an entire disk. .Pp -A more detailed treatment of actually using a +A more detailed treatment of actually using a .Nm -device is found in +device is found in .Xr raidctl 8 . It is highly recommended that the steps to reconstruct, copyback, and re-compute parity are well understood by the system administrator(s) @@ -261,11 +261,11 @@ data loss due to component failure. However the loss of two components of a RAID 4 or 5 system, or the loss of a single component of a RAID 0 system, will result in the entire file systems on that RAID device being lost. -RAID is +RAID is .Ar NOT a substitute for good backup practices. .Pp -Recomputation of parity +Recomputation of parity .Ar MUST be performed whenever there is a chance that it may have been compromised. This includes after system crashes, or before a RAID @@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ device has been used for the first time. Failure to keep parity correct will be catastrophic should a component ever fail -- it is better to use RAID 0 and get the additional space and speed, than it is to use parity, but not keep the parity correct. At least with RAID -0 there is no perception of increased data security. +0 there is no perception of increased data security. .Pp .Sh FILES .Bl -tag -width /dev/XXrXraidX -compact @@ -289,16 +289,16 @@ device special files. .Xr newfs 8 , .Xr raidctl 8 .Sh HISTORY -The +The .Nm -driver in +driver in .Fx is a port of RAIDframe, a framework for rapid prototyping of RAID structures developed by the folks at the Parallel Data Laboratory at Carnegie Mellon University (CMU). RAIDframe, as originally distributed by CMU, provides a RAID simulator for a number of different architectures, and a user-level device driver and a kernel device -driver for Digital Unix. The +driver for Digital Unix. The .Nm driver is a kernelized version of RAIDframe v1.1, based on the .Nx @@ -309,7 +309,7 @@ RAIDframe is found in the paper "RAIDframe: A Rapid Prototyping Tool for RAID Systems", by William V. Courtright II, Garth Gibson, Mark Holland, LeAnn Neal Reilly, and Jim Zelenka, and published by the Parallel Data Laboratory of Carnegie Mellon University. -The +The .Nm driver first appeared in .Fx 4.4 . |