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authorru <ru@FreeBSD.org>2003-06-28 23:53:39 +0000
committerru <ru@FreeBSD.org>2003-06-28 23:53:39 +0000
commit348e423dd913fabaea56f15eecca3d155723ee08 (patch)
tree119cebb3a669617b213ec04fe871163ae082cfb1 /share/man/man4/inet.4
parente4f0eb6b17525e227a1bc1d660ab253005530425 (diff)
downloadFreeBSD-src-348e423dd913fabaea56f15eecca3d155723ee08.zip
FreeBSD-src-348e423dd913fabaea56f15eecca3d155723ee08.tar.gz
Hiten's patchset for section four manpages, slightly edited by me.
Diffstat (limited to 'share/man/man4/inet.4')
-rw-r--r--share/man/man4/inet.441
1 files changed, 25 insertions, 16 deletions
diff --git a/share/man/man4/inet.4 b/share/man/man4/inet.4
index d15c204..3296a39 100644
--- a/share/man/man4/inet.4
+++ b/share/man/man4/inet.4
@@ -61,7 +61,8 @@ Internet addresses are four byte quantities, stored in
network standard format (on the
.Tn VAX
these are word and byte
-reversed). The include file
+reversed).
+The include file
.Aq Pa netinet/in.h
defines this address
as a discriminated union.
@@ -116,7 +117,8 @@ abstraction while
.Tn UDP
is used to support the
.Dv SOCK_DGRAM
-abstraction. A raw interface to
+abstraction.
+A raw interface to
.Tn IP
is available
by creating an Internet socket of type
@@ -126,7 +128,8 @@ The
message protocol is accessible from a raw socket.
.Pp
The 32-bit Internet address contains both network and host parts.
-However, direct examination of addresses is discouraged. For those
+However, direct examination of addresses is discouraged.
+For those
programs which absolutely need to break addresses into their component
parts, the following
.Xr ioctl 2
@@ -148,7 +151,8 @@ Get interface network mask.
.Sh ROUTING
The current implementation of Internet protocols includes some routing-table
adaptations to provide enhanced caching of certain end-to-end
-information necessary for Transaction TCP and Path MTU Discovery. The
+information necessary for Transaction TCP and Path MTU Discovery.
+The
following changes are the most significant:
.Bl -enum
.It
@@ -160,11 +164,12 @@ flag forcibly enabled (they are thus said to be
.Dq "protocol cloning" ) .
.It
When the last reference to an IP route is dropped, the route is
-examined to determine if it was created by cloning such a route. If
-this is the case, the
+examined to determine if it was created by cloning such a route.
+If this is the case, the
.Dv RTF_PROTO3
flag is turned on, and the expiration timer is initialized to go off
-in net.inet.ip.rtexpire seconds. If such a route is re-referenced,
+in net.inet.ip.rtexpire seconds.
+If such a route is re-referenced,
the flag and expiration timer are reset.
.It
A kernel timeout runs once every ten minutes, or sooner if there are
@@ -177,13 +182,15 @@ net.inet.ip.rtexpire if the number of cached routes grows too large.
If after an expiration run there are still more than
net.inet.ip.rtmaxcache unreferenced routes remaining, the rtexpire
value is multiplied by 3/4, and any routes which have longer
-expiration times have those times adjusted. This process is damped
-somewhat by specification of a minimum rtexpire value
+expiration times have those times adjusted.
+This process is damped somewhat by specification of a minimum rtexpire value
(net.inet.ip.rtminexpire), and by restricting the reduction to once in
a ten-minute period.
.Pp
If some external process deletes the original route from which a
-protocol-cloned route was generated, the ``child route'' is deleted.
+protocol-cloned route was generated, the
+.Dq child route
+is deleted.
(This is actually a generic mechanism in the routing code support for
protocol-requested cloning.)
.Pp
@@ -195,7 +202,8 @@ external routing process, or under the management of a link layer
for Ethernets).
.Pp
Only certain types of network activity will result in the cloning of a
-route using this mechanism. Specifically, those protocols (such as
+route using this mechanism.
+Specifically, those protocols (such as
.Tn TCP
and
.Tn UDP )
@@ -221,7 +229,8 @@ Boolean: enable/disable the use of fast IP forwarding code.
Defaults to off.
When fast forwarding is enabled, IP packets are forwarded directly to
the appropriate network interface with a minimal validity checking, which
-greatly improves the throughput. On the other hand, they bypass the
+greatly improves the throughput.
+On the other hand, they bypass the
standard procedures, such as IP option processing and
.Xr ipfirewall 4
checking.
@@ -250,12 +259,12 @@ Boolean: enable/disable forwarding of source-routed IP packets (default false).
.Pq ip.rtexpire
Integer: lifetime in seconds of protocol-cloned
.Tn IP
-routes after the last reference drops (default one hour). This value
-varies dynamically as described above.
+routes after the last reference drops (default one hour).
+This value varies dynamically as described above.
.It Dv IPCTL_RTMINEXPIRE
.Pq ip.rtminexpire
-Integer: minimum value of ip.rtexpire (default ten seconds). This
-value has no effect on user modifications, but restricts the dynamic
+Integer: minimum value of ip.rtexpire (default ten seconds).
+This value has no effect on user modifications, but restricts the dynamic
adaptation described above.
.It Dv IPCTL_RTMAXCACHE
.Pq ip.rtmaxcache
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