Unroll vgrind filter to no longer depend on vgrind(1) during buildworld.

The source files haven't been touched in ages and this is unlikely
to change in the future.

4 files changed, 1316 insertions, 12 deletions

diff --git a/share/doc/papers/kernmalloc/Makefile b/share/doc/papers/kernmalloc/Makefile
index e706f0a..0290891 100644
--- a/share/doc/papers/kernmalloc/Makefile
+++ b/share/doc/papers/kernmalloc/Makefile
@@ -10,9 +10,5 @@ USE_EQN=
 USE_PIC=
 USE_SOELIM=
 USE_TBL=
-CLEANFILES=	appendix.ms
-
-appendix.ms: appendix.t
-	${GRIND} < ${.ALLSRC} > ${.TARGET}
 
 .include <bsd.doc.mk>
diff --git a/share/doc/papers/kernmalloc/appendix.ms b/share/doc/papers/kernmalloc/appendix.ms
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0589127
--- /dev/null
+++ b/share/doc/papers/kernmalloc/appendix.ms
@@ -0,0 +1,275 @@
+.\" $FreeBSD$
+.am vS
+..
+.am vE
+..
+'ss 23
+'ds _ \d\(mi\u
+'ps 9z
+'vs 10p
+'ds - \(mi
+'ds / \\h'\\w' 'u-\\w'/'u'/
+'ds /* \\h'\\w' 'u-\\w'/'u'/*
+'bd B 3
+'bd S B 3
+'nr cm 0
+'nf
+'de vH
+'ev 2
+'ft 1
+'sp .35i
+'tl '\s14\f3\\*(=F\fP\s0'\\*(=H'\f3\s14\\*(=F\fP\s0'
+'sp .25i
+'ft 1
+\f2\s12\h'\\n(.lu-\w'\\*(=f'u'\\*(=f\fP\s0\h'|0u'
+.sp .05i
+'ev
+'ds =G \\*(=F
+..
+'de vF
+'ev 2
+'sp .35i
+'ie o 'tl '\f2\\*(=M''Page % of \\*(=G\fP'
+'el 'tl '\f2Page % of \\*(=G''\\*(=M\fP'
+'bp
+'ev
+'ft 1
+'if \\n(cm=1 'ft 2
+..
+'de ()
+'pn 1
+..
+'de +C
+'nr cm 1
+'ft 2
+'ds +K
+'ds -K
+..
+'de -C
+'nr cm 0
+'ft 1
+'ds +K \f3
+'ds -K \fP
+..
+'+C
+'-C
+'am +C
+'ne 3
+..
+'de FN
+\f2\s14\h'\\n(.lu-\w'\\$1'u'\\$1\fP\s0\h'|0u'\c
+.if r x .if \\nx .if d =F .tm \\$1 \\*(=F \\n%
+'ds =f \&...\\$1
+..
+'de FC
+.if r x .if \\nx .if d =F .tm \\$1 \\*(=F \\n%
+'ds =f \&...\\$1
+..
+'de -F
+'rm =f
+..
+'ft 1
+'lg 0
+'-F
+.\" Copyright (c) 1988 The Regents of the University of California.
+.\" All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
+.\"	This product includes software developed by the University of
+.\"	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\"    without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\"	@(#)appendix.t	5.1 (Berkeley) 4/16/91
+.\"
+.bp
+.H 1 "Appendix A - Implementation Details"
+.LP
+.nf
+.vS
+\fI\h'\w' 'u-\w'/'u'/\fP\fI*\fP\c\c
+'+C
+
+ \fI*\fP Constants for setting the parameters of the kernel memory allocator\&.
+ \fI*\fP
+ \fI*\fP 2 \fI*\fP\fI*\fP MINBUCKET is the smallest unit of memory that will be
+ \fI*\fP allocated\&. It must be at least large enough to hold a pointer\&.
+ \fI*\fP
+ \fI*\fP Units of memory less or equal to MAXALLOCSAVE will permanently
+ \fI*\fP allocate physical memory; requests for these size pieces of memory
+ \fI*\fP are quite fast\&. Allocations greater than MAXALLOCSAVE must
+ \fI*\fP always allocate and free physical memory; requests for these size
+ \fI*\fP allocations should be done infrequently as they will be slow\&.
+ \fI*\fP Constraints: CLBYTES <= MAXALLOCSAVE <= 2 \fI*\fP\fI*\fP (MINBUCKET + 14)
+ \fI*\fP and MAXALLOCSIZE must be a power of two\&.
+ \fI*\fP\fI\h'\w' 'u-\w'/'u'/\fP\c
+'-C
+
+\*(+K#define\*(-K MINBUCKET\h'|31n'4\h'|51n'\fI\h'\w' 'u-\w'/'u'/\fP\fI*\fP\c\c
+'+C
+ 4 => min allocation of 16 bytes \fI*\fP\fI\h'\w' 'u-\w'/'u'/\fP\c
+'-C
+
+'FN MAXALLOCSAVE
+\*(+K#define\*(-K MAXALLOCSAVE\h'|31n'(2 \fI*\fP CLBYTES)
+
+\fI\h'\w' 'u-\w'/'u'/\fP\fI*\fP\c\c
+'+C
+
+ \fI*\fP Maximum amount of kernel dynamic memory\&.
+ \fI*\fP Constraints: must be a multiple of the pagesize\&.
+ \fI*\fP\fI\h'\w' 'u-\w'/'u'/\fP\c
+'-C
+
+'FN MAXKMEM
+\*(+K#define\*(-K MAXKMEM\h'|31n'(1024 \fI*\fP PAGESIZE)
+
+\fI\h'\w' 'u-\w'/'u'/\fP\fI*\fP\c\c
+'+C
+
+ \fI*\fP Arena for all kernel dynamic memory allocation\&.
+ \fI*\fP This arena is known to start on a page boundary\&.
+ \fI*\fP\fI\h'\w' 'u-\w'/'u'/\fP\c
+'-C
+
+\*(+Kextern\*(-K \*(+Kchar\*(-K kmembase[MAXKMEM];
+
+\fI\h'\w' 'u-\w'/'u'/\fP\fI*\fP\c\c
+'+C
+
+ \fI*\fP Array of descriptors that describe the contents of each page
+ \fI*\fP\fI\h'\w' 'u-\w'/'u'/\fP\c
+'-C
+
+\*(+Kstruct\*(-K kmemsizes \*(+K{\*(-K
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kshort\*(-K\h'|21n'ks\*_indx;\h'|41n'\fI\h'\w' 'u-\w'/'u'/\fP\fI*\fP\c\c
+'+C
+ bucket index, size of small allocations \fI*\fP\fI\h'\w' 'u-\w'/'u'/\fP\c
+'-C
+
+\h'|11n'u\*_short\h'|21n'ks\*_pagecnt;\h'|41n'\fI\h'\w' 'u-\w'/'u'/\fP\fI*\fP\c\c
+'+C
+ for large allocations, pages allocated \fI*\fP\fI\h'\w' 'u-\w'/'u'/\fP\c
+'-C
+
+\*(+K}\*(-K\c\c
+'-F
+ kmemsizes[MAXKMEM \fI\h'\w' 'u-\w'/'u'/\fP PAGESIZE];
+'FC MAXALLOCSAVE
+
+\fI\h'\w' 'u-\w'/'u'/\fP\fI*\fP\c\c
+'+C
+
+ \fI*\fP Set of buckets for each size of memory block that is retained
+ \fI*\fP\fI\h'\w' 'u-\w'/'u'/\fP\c
+'-C
+
+\*(+Kstruct\*(-K kmembuckets \*(+K{\*(-K
+\h'|11n'caddr\*_t kb\*_next;\h'|41n'\fI\h'\w' 'u-\w'/'u'/\fP\fI*\fP\c\c
+'+C
+ list of free blocks \fI*\fP\fI\h'\w' 'u-\w'/'u'/\fP\c
+'-C
+
+\*(+K}\*(-K\c\c
+'-F
+ bucket[MINBUCKET + 16];
+.bp
+\fI\h'\w' 'u-\w'/'u'/\fP\fI*\fP\c\c
+'+C
+
+ \fI*\fP Macro to convert a size to a bucket index\&. If the size is constant,
+ \fI*\fP this macro reduces to a compile time constant\&.
+ \fI*\fP\fI\h'\w' 'u-\w'/'u'/\fP\c
+'-C
+
+'FN MINALLOCSIZE
+\*(+K#define\*(-K MINALLOCSIZE\h'|31n'(1 << MINBUCKET)
+'FN BUCKETINDX
+\*(+K#define\*(-K BUCKETINDX(size) \e
+\h'|11n'(size) <= (MINALLOCSIZE \fI*\fP 128) \e
+\h'|21n'? (size) <= (MINALLOCSIZE \fI*\fP 8) \e
+\h'|31n'? (size) <= (MINALLOCSIZE \fI*\fP 2) \e
+\h'|41n'? (size) <= (MINALLOCSIZE \fI*\fP 1) \e
+\h'|51n'? (MINBUCKET + 0) \e
+\h'|51n': (MINBUCKET + 1) \e
+\h'|41n': (size) <= (MINALLOCSIZE \fI*\fP 4) \e
+\h'|51n'? (MINBUCKET + 2) \e
+\h'|51n': (MINBUCKET + 3) \e
+\h'|31n': (size) <= (MINALLOCSIZE\fI*\fP 32) \e
+\h'|41n'? (size) <= (MINALLOCSIZE \fI*\fP 16) \e
+\h'|51n'? (MINBUCKET + 4) \e
+\h'|51n': (MINBUCKET + 5) \e
+\h'|41n': (size) <= (MINALLOCSIZE \fI*\fP 64) \e
+\h'|51n'? (MINBUCKET + 6) \e
+\h'|51n': (MINBUCKET + 7) \e
+\h'|21n': (size) <= (MINALLOCSIZE \fI*\fP 2048) \e
+\h'|31n'\fI\h'\w' 'u-\w'/'u'/\fP\fI*\fP\c\c
+'+C
+ etc \&.\&.\&. \fI*\fP\fI\h'\w' 'u-\w'/'u'/\fP\c
+'-C
+
+
+\fI\h'\w' 'u-\w'/'u'/\fP\fI*\fP\c\c
+'+C
+
+ \fI*\fP Macro versions for the usual cases of malloc\fI\h'\w' 'u-\w'/'u'/\fPfree
+ \fI*\fP\fI\h'\w' 'u-\w'/'u'/\fP\c
+'-C
+
+'FN MALLOC
+\*(+K#define\*(-K MALLOC(space, cast, size, flags) \*(+K{\*(-K \e
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kregister\*(-K \*(+Kstruct\*(-K kmembuckets \fI*\fPkbp = &bucket[BUCKETINDX(size)]; \e
+\h'|11n'\*(+Klong\*(-K s = splimp(); \e
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kif\*(-K (kbp\*->kb\*_next == NULL) \*(+K{\*(-K \e
+\h'|21n'(space) = (cast)malloc(size, flags); \e
+\h'|11n'\*(+K}\*(-K \*(+Kelse\*(-K \*(+K{\*(-K \e
+\h'|21n'(space) = (cast)kbp\*->kb\*_next; \e
+\h'|21n'kbp\*->kb\*_next = \fI*\fP(caddr\*_t \fI*\fP)(space); \e
+\h'|11n'\*(+K}\*(-K \e
+\h'|11n'splx(s); \e
+\*(+K}\*(-K\c\c
+'-F
+
+'FC BUCKETINDX
+
+'FN FREE
+\*(+K#define\*(-K FREE(addr) \*(+K{\*(-K \e
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kregister\*(-K \*(+Kstruct\*(-K kmembuckets \fI*\fPkbp; \e
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kregister\*(-K \*(+Kstruct\*(-K kmemsizes \fI*\fPksp = \e
+\h'|21n'&kmemsizes[((addr) \*- kmembase) \fI\h'\w' 'u-\w'/'u'/\fP PAGESIZE]; \e
+\h'|11n'\*(+Klong\*(-K s = splimp(); \e
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kif\*(-K (1 << ksp\*->ks\*_indx > MAXALLOCSAVE) \*(+K{\*(-K \e
+\h'|21n'free(addr); \e
+\h'|11n'\*(+K}\*(-K \*(+Kelse\*(-K \*(+K{\*(-K \e
+\h'|21n'kbp = &bucket[ksp\*->ks\*_indx]; \e
+\h'|21n'\fI*\fP(caddr\*_t \fI*\fP)(addr) = kbp\*->kb\*_next; \e
+\h'|21n'kbp\*->kb\*_next = (caddr\*_t)(addr); \e
+\h'|11n'\*(+K}\*(-K \e
+\h'|11n'splx(s); \e
+\*(+K}\*(-K\c\c
+'-F
+
+'FC BUCKETINDX
+.vE
diff --git a/share/doc/papers/sysperf/Makefile b/share/doc/papers/sysperf/Makefile
index 9ddbc9d..916a175 100644
--- a/share/doc/papers/sysperf/Makefile
+++ b/share/doc/papers/sysperf/Makefile
@@ -3,17 +3,10 @@
 
 VOLUME=		papers
 DOC=		sysperf
-SRCS=		0.t 1.t 2.t 3.t 4.t 5.t 6.t 7.t appendix.tmp
+SRCS=		0.t 1.t 2.t 3.t 4.t 5.t 6.t 7.t appendix.ms
 EXTRA=		a1.t a2.t
 MACROS=		-ms
 USE_EQN=
 USE_TBL=
-CLEANFILES=	appendix.tmp
-
-appendix.tmp: a1.t a2.t
-	${GRIND} ${.CURDIR}/a1.t |  awk '/\.\(\)/{ cnt = 2 } \
-	   { if (cnt) cnt -= 1; else print $$0; } ' > appendix.tmp
-	${GRIND} -lcsh ${.CURDIR}/a2.t |  awk '/\.\(\)/{ cnt = 2 } \
-	   { if (cnt) cnt -= 1; else print $$0; } ' >> appendix.tmp
 
 .include <bsd.doc.mk>
diff --git a/share/doc/papers/sysperf/appendix.ms b/share/doc/papers/sysperf/appendix.ms
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..20cbbf1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/share/doc/papers/sysperf/appendix.ms
@@ -0,0 +1,1040 @@
+.\" $FreeBSD$
+.am vS
+..
+.am vE
+..
+'ss 23
+'ds _ \d\(mi\u
+'ps 9z
+'vs 10p
+'ds - \(mi
+'ds / \\h'\\w' 'u-\\w'/'u'/
+'ds /* \\h'\\w' 'u-\\w'/'u'/*
+'bd B 3
+'bd S B 3
+'nr cm 0
+'nf
+'de vH
+'ev 2
+'ft 1
+'sp .35i
+'tl '\s14\f3\\*(=F\fP\s0'\\*(=H'\f3\s14\\*(=F\fP\s0'
+'sp .25i
+'ft 1
+\f2\s12\h'\\n(.lu-\w'\\*(=f'u'\\*(=f\fP\s0\h'|0u'
+.sp .05i
+'ev
+'ds =G \\*(=F
+..
+'de vF
+'ev 2
+'sp .35i
+'ie o 'tl '\f2\\*(=M''Page % of \\*(=G\fP'
+'el 'tl '\f2Page % of \\*(=G''\\*(=M\fP'
+'bp
+'ev
+'ft 1
+'if \\n(cm=1 'ft 2
+..
+'de ()
+'pn 1
+..
+'de +C
+'nr cm 1
+'ft 2
+'ds +K
+'ds -K
+..
+'de -C
+'nr cm 0
+'ft 1
+'ds +K \f3
+'ds -K \fP
+..
+'+C
+'-C
+'am +C
+'ne 3
+..
+'de FN
+\f2\s14\h'\\n(.lu-\w'\\$1'u'\\$1\fP\s0\h'|0u'\c
+.if r x .if \\nx .if d =F .tm \\$1 \\*(=F \\n%
+'ds =f \&...\\$1
+..
+'de FC
+.if r x .if \\nx .if d =F .tm \\$1 \\*(=F \\n%
+'ds =f \&...\\$1
+..
+'de -F
+'rm =f
+..
+'ft 1
+'lg 0
+'-F
+.\" Copyright (c) 1985 The Regents of the University of California.
+.\" All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
+.\"	This product includes software developed by the University of
+.\"	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\"    without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\"	@(#)a1.t	5.1 (Berkeley) 4/17/91
+.\"
+.ds RH Appendix A \- Benchmark sources
+.nr H2 1
+.sp 2
+.de vS
+.nf
+..
+.de vE
+.fi
+..
+.bp
+.SH
+\s+2Appendix A \- Benchmark sources\s-2
+.LP
+The programs shown here run under 4.2 with only routines
+from the standard libraries.  When run under 4.1 they were augmented
+with a \fIgetpagesize\fP routine and a copy of the \fIrandom\fP
+function from the C library.  The \fIvforks\fP and \fIvexecs\fP
+programs are constructed from the \fIforks\fP and \fIexecs\fP programs,
+respectively, by substituting calls to \fIfork\fP with calls to
+\fIvfork\fP.
+.SH
+syscall
+.LP
+.vS
+\fI\h'\w' 'u-\w'/'u'/\fP\fI*\fP\c\c
+'+C
+
+ \fI*\fP System call overhead benchmark\&.
+ \fI*\fP\fI\h'\w' 'u-\w'/'u'/\fP\c
+'-C
+
+'FN main
+main(argc, argv)
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kchar\*(-K \fI*\fPargv[];
+\*(+K{\*(-K
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kregister\*(-K \*(+Kint\*(-K ncalls;
+
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kif\*(-K (argc < 2) \*(+K{\*(-K
+\h'|21n'printf("usage: %s #syscalls\en", argv[0]);
+\h'|21n'exit(1);
+\h'|11n'\*(+K}\*(-K
+\h'|11n'ncalls = atoi(argv[1]);
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kwhile\*(-K (ncalls\*-\*- > 0)
+\h'|21n'(\*(+Kvoid\*(-K) getpid();
+\*(+K}\*(-K\c\c
+'-F
+
+.vE
+.SH
+csw
+.LP
+.vS
+\fI\h'\w' 'u-\w'/'u'/\fP\fI*\fP\c\c
+'+C
+
+ \fI*\fP Context switching benchmark\&.
+ \fI*\fP
+ \fI*\fP Force system to context switch 2\fI*\fPnsigs
+ \fI*\fP times by forking and exchanging signals\&.
+ \fI*\fP To calculate system overhead for a context
+ \fI*\fP switch, the signocsw program must be run
+ \fI*\fP with nsigs\&.  Overhead is then estimated by
+ \fI*\fP\h'|11n't1 = time csw <n>
+ \fI*\fP\h'|11n't2 = time signocsw <n>
+ \fI*\fP\h'|11n'overhead = t1 \*- 2 \fI*\fP t2;
+ \fI*\fP\fI\h'\w' 'u-\w'/'u'/\fP\c
+'-C
+
+\*(+K#include\*(-K <signal\&.h>
+
+\*(+Kint\*(-K\h'|11n'sigsub();
+\*(+Kint\*(-K\h'|11n'otherpid;
+\*(+Kint\*(-K\h'|11n'nsigs;
+
+'FN main
+main(argc, argv)
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kchar\*(-K \fI*\fPargv[];
+\*(+K{\*(-K
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kint\*(-K pid;
+
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kif\*(-K (argc < 2) \*(+K{\*(-K
+\h'|21n'printf("usage: %s nsignals\en", argv[0]);
+\h'|21n'exit(1);
+\h'|11n'\*(+K}\*(-K
+\h'|11n'nsigs = atoi(argv[1]);
+\h'|11n'signal(SIGALRM, sigsub);
+\h'|11n'otherpid = getpid();
+\h'|11n'pid = fork();
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kif\*(-K (pid != 0) \*(+K{\*(-K
+\h'|21n'otherpid = pid;
+\h'|21n'kill(otherpid, SIGALRM);
+\h'|11n'\*(+K}\*(-K
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kfor\*(-K (;;)
+\h'|21n'sigpause(0);
+\*(+K}\*(-K\c\c
+'-F
+
+
+'FN sigsub
+sigsub()
+\*(+K{\*(-K
+
+\h'|11n'signal(SIGALRM, sigsub);
+\h'|11n'kill(otherpid, SIGALRM);
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kif\*(-K (\*-\*-nsigs <= 0)
+\h'|21n'exit(0);
+\*(+K}\*(-K\c\c
+'-F
+
+.vE
+.SH
+signocsw
+.LP
+.vS
+\fI\h'\w' 'u-\w'/'u'/\fP\fI*\fP\c\c
+'+C
+
+ \fI*\fP Signal without context switch benchmark\&.
+ \fI*\fP\fI\h'\w' 'u-\w'/'u'/\fP\c
+'-C
+
+\*(+K#include\*(-K <signal\&.h>
+
+\*(+Kint\*(-K\h'|11n'pid;
+\*(+Kint\*(-K\h'|11n'nsigs;
+\*(+Kint\*(-K\h'|11n'sigsub();
+
+'FN main
+main(argc, argv)
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kchar\*(-K \fI*\fPargv[];
+\*(+K{\*(-K
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kregister\*(-K \*(+Kint\*(-K i;
+
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kif\*(-K (argc < 2) \*(+K{\*(-K
+\h'|21n'printf("usage: %s nsignals\en", argv[0]);
+\h'|21n'exit(1);
+\h'|11n'\*(+K}\*(-K
+\h'|11n'nsigs = atoi(argv[1]);
+\h'|11n'signal(SIGALRM, sigsub);
+\h'|11n'pid = getpid();
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kfor\*(-K (i = 0; i < nsigs; i++)
+\h'|21n'kill(pid, SIGALRM);
+\*(+K}\*(-K\c\c
+'-F
+
+
+'FN sigsub
+sigsub()
+\*(+K{\*(-K
+
+\h'|11n'signal(SIGALRM, sigsub);
+\*(+K}\*(-K\c\c
+'-F
+
+.vE
+.SH
+pipeself
+.LP
+.vS
+\fI\h'\w' 'u-\w'/'u'/\fP\fI*\fP\c\c
+'+C
+
+ \fI*\fP IPC benchmark,
+ \fI*\fP write to self using pipes\&.
+ \fI*\fP\fI\h'\w' 'u-\w'/'u'/\fP\c
+'-C
+
+
+'FN main
+main(argc, argv)
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kchar\*(-K \fI*\fPargv[];
+\*(+K{\*(-K
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kchar\*(-K buf[512];
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kint\*(-K fd[2], msgsize;
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kregister\*(-K \*(+Kint\*(-K i, iter;
+
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kif\*(-K (argc < 3) \*(+K{\*(-K
+\h'|21n'printf("usage: %s iterations message\*-size\en", argv[0]);
+\h'|21n'exit(1);
+\h'|11n'\*(+K}\*(-K
+\h'|11n'argc\*-\*-, argv++;
+\h'|11n'iter = atoi(\fI*\fPargv);
+\h'|11n'argc\*-\*-, argv++;
+\h'|11n'msgsize = atoi(\fI*\fPargv);
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kif\*(-K (msgsize > \*(+Ksizeof\*(-K (buf) || msgsize <= 0) \*(+K{\*(-K
+\h'|21n'printf("%s: Bad message size\&.\en", \fI*\fPargv);
+\h'|21n'exit(2);
+\h'|11n'\*(+K}\*(-K
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kif\*(-K (pipe(fd) < 0) \*(+K{\*(-K
+\h'|21n'perror("pipe");
+\h'|21n'exit(3);
+\h'|11n'\*(+K}\*(-K
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kfor\*(-K (i = 0; i < iter; i++) \*(+K{\*(-K
+\h'|21n'write(fd[1], buf, msgsize);
+\h'|21n'read(fd[0], buf, msgsize);
+\h'|11n'\*(+K}\*(-K
+\*(+K}\*(-K\c\c
+'-F
+
+.vE
+.SH
+pipediscard
+.LP
+.vS
+\fI\h'\w' 'u-\w'/'u'/\fP\fI*\fP\c\c
+'+C
+
+ \fI*\fP IPC benchmarkl,
+ \fI*\fP write and discard using pipes\&.
+ \fI*\fP\fI\h'\w' 'u-\w'/'u'/\fP\c
+'-C
+
+
+'FN main
+main(argc, argv)
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kchar\*(-K \fI*\fPargv[];
+\*(+K{\*(-K
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kchar\*(-K buf[512];
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kint\*(-K fd[2], msgsize;
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kregister\*(-K \*(+Kint\*(-K i, iter;
+
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kif\*(-K (argc < 3) \*(+K{\*(-K
+\h'|21n'printf("usage: %s iterations message\*-size\en", argv[0]);
+\h'|21n'exit(1);
+\h'|11n'\*(+K}\*(-K
+\h'|11n'argc\*-\*-, argv++;
+\h'|11n'iter = atoi(\fI*\fPargv);
+\h'|11n'argc\*-\*-, argv++;
+\h'|11n'msgsize = atoi(\fI*\fPargv);
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kif\*(-K (msgsize > \*(+Ksizeof\*(-K (buf) || msgsize <= 0) \*(+K{\*(-K
+\h'|21n'printf("%s: Bad message size\&.\en", \fI*\fPargv);
+\h'|21n'exit(2);
+\h'|11n'\*(+K}\*(-K
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kif\*(-K (pipe(fd) < 0) \*(+K{\*(-K
+\h'|21n'perror("pipe");
+\h'|21n'exit(3);
+\h'|11n'\*(+K}\*(-K
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kif\*(-K (fork() == 0)
+\h'|21n'\*(+Kfor\*(-K (i = 0; i < iter; i++)
+\h'|31n'read(fd[0], buf, msgsize);
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kelse\*(-K
+\h'|21n'\*(+Kfor\*(-K (i = 0; i < iter; i++)
+\h'|31n'write(fd[1], buf, msgsize);
+\*(+K}\*(-K\c\c
+'-F
+
+.vE
+.SH
+pipeback
+.LP
+.vS
+\fI\h'\w' 'u-\w'/'u'/\fP\fI*\fP\c\c
+'+C
+
+ \fI*\fP IPC benchmark,
+ \fI*\fP read and reply using pipes\&.
+ \fI*\fP
+ \fI*\fP Process forks and exchanges messages
+ \fI*\fP over a pipe in a request\*-response fashion\&.
+ \fI*\fP\fI\h'\w' 'u-\w'/'u'/\fP\c
+'-C
+
+
+'FN main
+main(argc, argv)
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kchar\*(-K \fI*\fPargv[];
+\*(+K{\*(-K
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kchar\*(-K buf[512];
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kint\*(-K fd[2], fd2[2], msgsize;
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kregister\*(-K \*(+Kint\*(-K i, iter;
+
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kif\*(-K (argc < 3) \*(+K{\*(-K
+\h'|21n'printf("usage: %s iterations message\*-size\en", argv[0]);
+\h'|21n'exit(1);
+\h'|11n'\*(+K}\*(-K
+\h'|11n'argc\*-\*-, argv++;
+\h'|11n'iter = atoi(\fI*\fPargv);
+\h'|11n'argc\*-\*-, argv++;
+\h'|11n'msgsize = atoi(\fI*\fPargv);
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kif\*(-K (msgsize > \*(+Ksizeof\*(-K (buf) || msgsize <= 0) \*(+K{\*(-K
+\h'|21n'printf("%s: Bad message size\&.\en", \fI*\fPargv);
+\h'|21n'exit(2);
+\h'|11n'\*(+K}\*(-K
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kif\*(-K (pipe(fd) < 0) \*(+K{\*(-K
+\h'|21n'perror("pipe");
+\h'|21n'exit(3);
+\h'|11n'\*(+K}\*(-K
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kif\*(-K (pipe(fd2) < 0) \*(+K{\*(-K
+\h'|21n'perror("pipe");
+\h'|21n'exit(3);
+\h'|11n'\*(+K}\*(-K
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kif\*(-K (fork() == 0)
+\h'|21n'\*(+Kfor\*(-K (i = 0; i < iter; i++) \*(+K{\*(-K
+\h'|31n'read(fd[0], buf, msgsize);
+\h'|31n'write(fd2[1], buf, msgsize);
+\h'|21n'\*(+K}\*(-K
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kelse\*(-K
+\h'|21n'\*(+Kfor\*(-K (i = 0; i < iter; i++) \*(+K{\*(-K
+\h'|31n'write(fd[1], buf, msgsize);
+\h'|31n'read(fd2[0], buf, msgsize);
+\h'|21n'\*(+K}\*(-K
+\*(+K}\*(-K\c\c
+'-F
+
+.vE
+.SH
+forks
+.LP
+.vS
+\fI\h'\w' 'u-\w'/'u'/\fP\fI*\fP\c\c
+'+C
+
+ \fI*\fP Benchmark program to calculate fork+wait
+ \fI*\fP overhead (approximately)\&.  Process
+ \fI*\fP forks and exits while parent waits\&.
+ \fI*\fP The time to run this program is used
+ \fI*\fP in calculating exec overhead\&.
+ \fI*\fP\fI\h'\w' 'u-\w'/'u'/\fP\c
+'-C
+
+
+'FN main
+main(argc, argv)
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kchar\*(-K \fI*\fPargv[];
+\*(+K{\*(-K
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kregister\*(-K \*(+Kint\*(-K nforks, i;
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kchar\*(-K \fI*\fPcp;
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kint\*(-K pid, child, status, brksize;
+
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kif\*(-K (argc < 2) \*(+K{\*(-K
+\h'|21n'printf("usage: %s number\*-of\*-forks sbrk\*-size\en", argv[0]);
+\h'|21n'exit(1);
+\h'|11n'\*(+K}\*(-K
+\h'|11n'nforks = atoi(argv[1]);
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kif\*(-K (nforks < 0) \*(+K{\*(-K
+\h'|21n'printf("%s: bad number of forks\en", argv[1]);
+\h'|21n'exit(2);
+\h'|11n'\*(+K}\*(-K
+\h'|11n'brksize = atoi(argv[2]);
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kif\*(-K (brksize < 0) \*(+K{\*(-K
+\h'|21n'printf("%s: bad size to sbrk\en", argv[2]);
+\h'|21n'exit(3);
+\h'|11n'\*(+K}\*(-K
+\h'|11n'cp = (\*(+Kchar\*(-K \fI*\fP)sbrk(brksize);
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kif\*(-K ((\*(+Kint\*(-K)cp == \*-1) \*(+K{\*(-K
+\h'|21n'perror("sbrk");
+\h'|21n'exit(4);
+\h'|11n'\*(+K}\*(-K
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kfor\*(-K (i = 0; i < brksize; i += 1024)
+\h'|21n'cp[i] = i;
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kwhile\*(-K (nforks\*-\*- > 0) \*(+K{\*(-K
+\h'|21n'child = fork();
+\h'|21n'\*(+Kif\*(-K (child == \*-1) \*(+K{\*(-K
+\h'|31n'perror("fork");
+\h'|31n'exit(\*-1);
+\h'|21n'\*(+K}\*(-K
+\h'|21n'\*(+Kif\*(-K (child == 0)
+\h'|31n'\*_exit(\*-1);
+\h'|21n'\*(+Kwhile\*(-K ((pid = wait(&status)) != \*-1 && pid != child)
+\h'|31n';
+\h'|11n'\*(+K}\*(-K
+\h'|11n'exit(0);
+\*(+K}\*(-K\c\c
+'-F
+
+.vE
+.SH
+execs
+.LP
+.vS
+\fI\h'\w' 'u-\w'/'u'/\fP\fI*\fP\c\c
+'+C
+
+ \fI*\fP Benchmark program to calculate exec
+ \fI*\fP overhead (approximately)\&.  Process
+ \fI*\fP forks and execs "null" test program\&.
+ \fI*\fP The time to run the fork program should
+ \fI*\fP then be deducted from this one to
+ \fI*\fP estimate the overhead for the exec\&.
+ \fI*\fP\fI\h'\w' 'u-\w'/'u'/\fP\c
+'-C
+
+
+'FN main
+main(argc, argv)
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kchar\*(-K \fI*\fPargv[];
+\*(+K{\*(-K
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kregister\*(-K \*(+Kint\*(-K nexecs, i;
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kchar\*(-K \fI*\fPcp, \fI*\fPsbrk();
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kint\*(-K pid, child, status, brksize;
+
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kif\*(-K (argc < 3) \*(+K{\*(-K
+\h'|21n'printf("usage: %s number\*-of\*-execs sbrk\*-size job\*-name\en",
+\h'|21n'    argv[0]);
+\h'|21n'exit(1);
+\h'|11n'\*(+K}\*(-K
+\h'|11n'nexecs = atoi(argv[1]);
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kif\*(-K (nexecs < 0) \*(+K{\*(-K
+\h'|21n'printf("%s: bad number of execs\en", argv[1]);
+\h'|21n'exit(2);
+\h'|11n'\*(+K}\*(-K
+\h'|11n'brksize = atoi(argv[2]);
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kif\*(-K (brksize < 0) \*(+K{\*(-K
+\h'|21n'printf("%s: bad size to sbrk\en", argv[2]);
+\h'|21n'exit(3);
+\h'|11n'\*(+K}\*(-K
+\h'|11n'cp = sbrk(brksize);
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kif\*(-K ((\*(+Kint\*(-K)cp == \*-1) \*(+K{\*(-K
+\h'|21n'perror("sbrk");
+\h'|21n'exit(4);
+\h'|11n'\*(+K}\*(-K
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kfor\*(-K (i = 0; i < brksize; i += 1024)
+\h'|21n'cp[i] = i;
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kwhile\*(-K (nexecs\*-\*- > 0) \*(+K{\*(-K
+\h'|21n'child = fork();
+\h'|21n'\*(+Kif\*(-K (child == \*-1) \*(+K{\*(-K
+\h'|31n'perror("fork");
+\h'|31n'exit(\*-1);
+\h'|21n'\*(+K}\*(-K
+\h'|21n'\*(+Kif\*(-K (child == 0) \*(+K{\*(-K
+\h'|31n'execv(argv[3], argv);
+\h'|31n'perror("execv");
+\h'|31n'\*_exit(\*-1);
+\h'|21n'\*(+K}\*(-K
+\h'|21n'\*(+Kwhile\*(-K ((pid = wait(&status)) != \*-1 && pid != child)
+\h'|31n';
+\h'|11n'\*(+K}\*(-K
+\h'|11n'exit(0);
+\*(+K}\*(-K\c\c
+'-F
+
+.vE
+.SH
+nulljob
+.LP
+.vS
+\fI\h'\w' 'u-\w'/'u'/\fP\fI*\fP\c\c
+'+C
+
+ \fI*\fP Benchmark "null job" program\&.
+ \fI*\fP\fI\h'\w' 'u-\w'/'u'/\fP\c
+'-C
+
+
+'FN main
+main(argc, argv)
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kchar\*(-K \fI*\fPargv[];
+\*(+K{\*(-K
+
+\h'|11n'exit(0);
+\*(+K}\*(-K\c\c
+'-F
+
+.vE
+.SH
+bigjob
+.LP
+.vS
+\fI\h'\w' 'u-\w'/'u'/\fP\fI*\fP\c\c
+'+C
+
+ \fI*\fP Benchmark "null big job" program\&.
+ \fI*\fP\fI\h'\w' 'u-\w'/'u'/\fP\c
+'-C
+
+\fI\h'\w' 'u-\w'/'u'/\fP\fI*\fP\c\c
+'+C
+ 250 here is intended to approximate vi\'s text+data size \fI*\fP\fI\h'\w' 'u-\w'/'u'/\fP\c
+'-C
+
+\*(+Kchar\*(-K\h'|11n'space[1024 \fI*\fP 250] = "force into data segment";
+
+'FN main
+main(argc, argv)
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kchar\*(-K \fI*\fPargv[];
+\*(+K{\*(-K
+
+\h'|11n'exit(0);
+\*(+K}\*(-K\c\c
+'-F
+
+.vE
+.bp
+.SH
+seqpage
+.LP
+.vS
+\fI\h'\w' 'u-\w'/'u'/\fP\fI*\fP\c\c
+'+C
+
+ \fI*\fP Sequential page access benchmark\&.
+ \fI*\fP\fI\h'\w' 'u-\w'/'u'/\fP\c
+'-C
+
+\*(+K#include\*(-K <sys\fI\h'\w' 'u-\w'/'u'/\fPvadvise\&.h>
+
+\*(+Kchar\*(-K\h'|11n'\fI*\fPvalloc();
+
+'FN main
+main(argc, argv)
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kchar\*(-K \fI*\fPargv[];
+\*(+K{\*(-K
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kregister\*(-K i, niter;
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kregister\*(-K \*(+Kchar\*(-K \fI*\fPpf, \fI*\fPlastpage;
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kint\*(-K npages = 4096, pagesize, vflag = 0;
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kchar\*(-K \fI*\fPpages, \fI*\fPname;
+
+\h'|11n'name = argv[0];
+\h'|11n'argc\*-\*-, argv++;
+again:
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kif\*(-K (argc < 1) \*(+K{\*(-K
+usage:
+\h'|21n'printf("usage: %s [ \*-v ] [ \*-p #pages ] niter\en", name);
+\h'|21n'exit(1);
+\h'|11n'\*(+K}\*(-K
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kif\*(-K (strcmp(\fI*\fPargv, "\*-p") == 0) \*(+K{\*(-K
+\h'|21n'argc\*-\*-, argv++;
+\h'|21n'\*(+Kif\*(-K (argc < 1)
+\h'|31n'\*(+Kgoto\*(-K usage;
+\h'|21n'npages = atoi(\fI*\fPargv);
+\h'|21n'\*(+Kif\*(-K (npages <= 0) \*(+K{\*(-K
+\h'|31n'printf("%s: Bad page count\&.\en", \fI*\fPargv);
+\h'|31n'exit(2);
+\h'|21n'\*(+K}\*(-K
+\h'|21n'argc\*-\*-, argv++;
+\h'|21n'\*(+Kgoto\*(-K again;
+\h'|11n'\*(+K}\*(-K
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kif\*(-K (strcmp(\fI*\fPargv, "\*-v") == 0) \*(+K{\*(-K
+\h'|21n'argc\*-\*-, argv++;
+\h'|21n'vflag++;
+\h'|21n'\*(+Kgoto\*(-K again;
+\h'|11n'\*(+K}\*(-K
+\h'|11n'niter = atoi(\fI*\fPargv);
+\h'|11n'pagesize = getpagesize();
+\h'|11n'pages = valloc(npages \fI*\fP pagesize);
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kif\*(-K (pages == (\*(+Kchar\*(-K \fI*\fP)0) \*(+K{\*(-K
+\h'|21n'printf("Can\'t allocate %d pages (%2\&.1f megabytes)\&.\en",
+\h'|21n'    npages, (npages \fI*\fP pagesize) \fI\h'\w' 'u-\w'/'u'/\fP (1024\&. \fI*\fP 1024\&.));
+\h'|21n'exit(3);
+\h'|11n'\*(+K}\*(-K
+\h'|11n'lastpage = pages + (npages \fI*\fP pagesize);
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kif\*(-K (vflag)
+\h'|21n'vadvise(VA\*_SEQL);
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kfor\*(-K (i = 0; i < niter; i++)
+\h'|21n'\*(+Kfor\*(-K (pf = pages; pf < lastpage; pf += pagesize)
+\h'|31n'\fI*\fPpf = 1;
+\*(+K}\*(-K\c\c
+'-F
+
+.vE
+.SH
+randpage
+.LP
+.vS
+\fI\h'\w' 'u-\w'/'u'/\fP\fI*\fP\c\c
+'+C
+
+ \fI*\fP Random page access benchmark\&.
+ \fI*\fP\fI\h'\w' 'u-\w'/'u'/\fP\c
+'-C
+
+\*(+K#include\*(-K <sys\fI\h'\w' 'u-\w'/'u'/\fPvadvise\&.h>
+
+\*(+Kchar\*(-K\h'|11n'\fI*\fPvalloc();
+\*(+Kint\*(-K\h'|11n'rand();
+
+'FN main
+main(argc, argv)
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kchar\*(-K \fI*\fPargv[];
+\*(+K{\*(-K
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kregister\*(-K \*(+Kint\*(-K npages = 4096, pagesize, pn, i, niter;
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kint\*(-K vflag = 0, debug = 0;
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kchar\*(-K \fI*\fPpages, \fI*\fPname;
+
+\h'|11n'name = argv[0];
+\h'|11n'argc\*-\*-, argv++;
+again:
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kif\*(-K (argc < 1) \*(+K{\*(-K
+usage:
+\h'|21n'printf("usage: %s [ \*-d ] [ \*-v ] [ \*-p #pages ] niter\en", name);
+\h'|21n'exit(1);
+\h'|11n'\*(+K}\*(-K
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kif\*(-K (strcmp(\fI*\fPargv, "\*-p") == 0) \*(+K{\*(-K
+\h'|21n'argc\*-\*-, argv++;
+\h'|21n'\*(+Kif\*(-K (argc < 1)
+\h'|31n'\*(+Kgoto\*(-K usage;
+\h'|21n'npages = atoi(\fI*\fPargv);
+\h'|21n'\*(+Kif\*(-K (npages <= 0) \*(+K{\*(-K
+\h'|31n'printf("%s: Bad page count\&.\en", \fI*\fPargv);
+\h'|31n'exit(2);
+\h'|21n'\*(+K}\*(-K
+\h'|21n'argc\*-\*-, argv++;
+\h'|21n'\*(+Kgoto\*(-K again;
+\h'|11n'\*(+K}\*(-K
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kif\*(-K (strcmp(\fI*\fPargv, "\*-v") == 0) \*(+K{\*(-K
+\h'|21n'argc\*-\*-, argv++;
+\h'|21n'vflag++;
+\h'|21n'\*(+Kgoto\*(-K again;
+\h'|11n'\*(+K}\*(-K
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kif\*(-K (strcmp(\fI*\fPargv, "\*-d") == 0) \*(+K{\*(-K
+\h'|21n'argc\*-\*-, argv++;
+\h'|21n'debug++;
+\h'|21n'\*(+Kgoto\*(-K again;
+\h'|11n'\*(+K}\*(-K
+\h'|11n'niter = atoi(\fI*\fPargv);
+\h'|11n'pagesize = getpagesize();
+\h'|11n'pages = valloc(npages \fI*\fP pagesize);
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kif\*(-K (pages == (\*(+Kchar\*(-K \fI*\fP)0) \*(+K{\*(-K
+\h'|21n'printf("Can\'t allocate %d pages (%2\&.1f megabytes)\&.\en",
+\h'|21n'    npages, (npages \fI*\fP pagesize) \fI\h'\w' 'u-\w'/'u'/\fP (1024\&. \fI*\fP 1024\&.));
+\h'|21n'exit(3);
+\h'|11n'\*(+K}\*(-K
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kif\*(-K (vflag)
+\h'|21n'vadvise(VA\*_ANOM);
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kfor\*(-K (i = 0; i < niter; i++) \*(+K{\*(-K
+\h'|21n'pn = random() % npages;
+\h'|21n'\*(+Kif\*(-K (debug)
+\h'|31n'printf("touch page %d\en", pn);
+\h'|21n'pages[pagesize \fI*\fP pn] = 1;
+\h'|11n'\*(+K}\*(-K
+\*(+K}\*(-K\c\c
+'-F
+
+.vE
+.SH
+gausspage
+.LP
+.vS
+\fI\h'\w' 'u-\w'/'u'/\fP\fI*\fP\c\c
+'+C
+
+ \fI*\fP Random page access with
+ \fI*\fP a gaussian distribution\&.
+ \fI*\fP
+ \fI*\fP Allocate a large (zero fill on demand) address
+ \fI*\fP space and fault the pages in a random gaussian
+ \fI*\fP order\&.
+ \fI*\fP\fI\h'\w' 'u-\w'/'u'/\fP\c
+'-C
+
+
+\*(+Kfloat\*(-K\h'|11n'sqrt(), log(), rnd(), cos(), gauss();
+\*(+Kchar\*(-K\h'|11n'\fI*\fPvalloc();
+\*(+Kint\*(-K\h'|11n'rand();
+
+'FN main
+main(argc, argv)
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kchar\*(-K \fI*\fPargv[];
+\*(+K{\*(-K
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kregister\*(-K \*(+Kint\*(-K pn, i, niter, delta;
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kregister\*(-K \*(+Kchar\*(-K \fI*\fPpages;
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kfloat\*(-K sd = 10\&.0;
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kint\*(-K npages = 4096, pagesize, debug = 0;
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kchar\*(-K \fI*\fPname;
+
+\h'|11n'name = argv[0];
+\h'|11n'argc\*-\*-, argv++;
+again:
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kif\*(-K (argc < 1) \*(+K{\*(-K
+usage:
+\h'|21n'printf(
+"usage: %s [ \*-d ] [ \*-p #pages ] [ \*-s standard\*-deviation ] iterations\en", name);
+\h'|21n'exit(1);
+\h'|11n'\*(+K}\*(-K
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kif\*(-K (strcmp(\fI*\fPargv, "\*-s") == 0) \*(+K{\*(-K
+\h'|21n'argc\*-\*-, argv++;
+\h'|21n'\*(+Kif\*(-K (argc < 1)
+\h'|31n'\*(+Kgoto\*(-K usage;
+\h'|21n'sscanf(\fI*\fPargv, "%f", &sd);
+\h'|21n'\*(+Kif\*(-K (sd <= 0) \*(+K{\*(-K
+\h'|31n'printf("%s: Bad standard deviation\&.\en", \fI*\fPargv);
+\h'|31n'exit(2);
+\h'|21n'\*(+K}\*(-K
+\h'|21n'argc\*-\*-, argv++;
+\h'|21n'\*(+Kgoto\*(-K again;
+\h'|11n'\*(+K}\*(-K
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kif\*(-K (strcmp(\fI*\fPargv, "\*-p") == 0) \*(+K{\*(-K
+\h'|21n'argc\*-\*-, argv++;
+\h'|21n'\*(+Kif\*(-K (argc < 1)
+\h'|31n'\*(+Kgoto\*(-K usage;
+\h'|21n'npages = atoi(\fI*\fPargv);
+\h'|21n'\*(+Kif\*(-K (npages <= 0) \*(+K{\*(-K
+\h'|31n'printf("%s: Bad page count\&.\en", \fI*\fPargv);
+\h'|31n'exit(2);
+\h'|21n'\*(+K}\*(-K
+\h'|21n'argc\*-\*-, argv++;
+\h'|21n'\*(+Kgoto\*(-K again;
+\h'|11n'\*(+K}\*(-K
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kif\*(-K (strcmp(\fI*\fPargv, "\*-d") == 0) \*(+K{\*(-K
+\h'|21n'argc\*-\*-, argv++;
+\h'|21n'debug++;
+\h'|21n'\*(+Kgoto\*(-K again;
+\h'|11n'\*(+K}\*(-K
+\h'|11n'niter = atoi(\fI*\fPargv);
+\h'|11n'pagesize = getpagesize();
+\h'|11n'pages = valloc(npages\fI*\fPpagesize);
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kif\*(-K (pages == (\*(+Kchar\*(-K \fI*\fP)0) \*(+K{\*(-K
+\h'|21n'printf("Can\'t allocate %d pages (%2\&.1f megabytes)\&.\en",
+\h'|21n'    npages, (npages\fI*\fPpagesize) \fI\h'\w' 'u-\w'/'u'/\fP (1024\&. \fI*\fP 1024\&.));
+\h'|21n'exit(3);
+\h'|11n'\*(+K}\*(-K
+\h'|11n'pn = 0;
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kfor\*(-K (i = 0; i < niter; i++) \*(+K{\*(-K
+\h'|21n'delta = gauss(sd, 0\&.0);
+\h'|21n'\*(+Kwhile\*(-K (pn + delta < 0 || pn + delta > npages)
+\h'|31n'delta = gauss(sd, 0\&.0);
+\h'|21n'pn += delta;
+\h'|21n'\*(+Kif\*(-K (debug)
+\h'|31n'printf("touch page %d\en", pn);
+\h'|21n'\*(+Kelse\*(-K
+\h'|31n'pages[pn \fI*\fP pagesize] = 1;
+\h'|11n'\*(+K}\*(-K
+\*(+K}\*(-K\c\c
+'-F
+
+
+\*(+Kfloat\*(-K
+'FN gauss
+gauss(sd, mean)
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kfloat\*(-K sd, mean;
+\*(+K{\*(-K
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kregister\*(-K \*(+Kfloat\*(-K qa, qb;
+
+\h'|11n'qa = sqrt(log(rnd()) \fI*\fP \*-2\&.0);
+\h'|11n'qb = 3\&.14159 \fI*\fP rnd();
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kreturn\*(-K (qa \fI*\fP cos(qb) \fI*\fP sd + mean);
+\*(+K}\*(-K\c\c
+'-F
+
+
+\*(+Kfloat\*(-K
+'FN rnd
+rnd()
+\*(+K{\*(-K
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kstatic\*(-K \*(+Kint\*(-K seed = 1;
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kstatic\*(-K \*(+Kint\*(-K biggest = 0x7fffffff;
+
+\h'|11n'\*(+Kreturn\*(-K ((\*(+Kfloat\*(-K)rand(seed) \fI\h'\w' 'u-\w'/'u'/\fP (\*(+Kfloat\*(-K)biggest);
+\*(+K}\*(-K\c\c
+'-F
+
+.vE
+'-F
+.\" $FreeBSD$
+.am vS
+..
+.am vE
+..
+'ss 23
+'ds _ \d\(mi\u
+'ps 9z
+'vs 10p
+'ds - \(mi
+'ds / \\h'\\w' 'u-\\w'/'u'/
+'ds /* \\h'\\w' 'u-\\w'/'u'/*
+'bd B 3
+'bd S B 3
+'nr cm 0
+'nf
+'de vH
+'ev 2
+'ft 1
+'sp .35i
+'tl '\s14\f3\\*(=F\fP\s0'\\*(=H'\f3\s14\\*(=F\fP\s0'
+'sp .25i
+'ft 1
+\f2\s12\h'\\n(.lu-\w'\\*(=f'u'\\*(=f\fP\s0\h'|0u'
+.sp .05i
+'ev
+'ds =G \\*(=F
+..
+'de vF
+'ev 2
+'sp .35i
+'ie o 'tl '\f2\\*(=M''Page % of \\*(=G\fP'
+'el 'tl '\f2Page % of \\*(=G''\\*(=M\fP'
+'bp
+'ev
+'ft 1
+'if \\n(cm=1 'ft 2
+..
+'de ()
+'pn 1
+..
+'de +C
+'nr cm 1
+'ft 2
+'ds +K
+'ds -K
+..
+'de -C
+'nr cm 0
+'ft 1
+'ds +K \f3
+'ds -K \fP
+..
+'+C
+'-C
+'am +C
+'ne 3
+..
+'de FN
+\f2\s14\h'\\n(.lu-\w'\\$1'u'\\$1\fP\s0\h'|0u'\c
+.if r x .if \\nx .if d =F .tm \\$1 \\*(=F \\n%
+'ds =f \&...\\$1
+..
+'de FC
+.if r x .if \\nx .if d =F .tm \\$1 \\*(=F \\n%
+'ds =f \&...\\$1
+..
+'de -F
+'rm =f
+..
+'ft 1
+'lg 0
+'-F
+.\" Copyright (c) 1985 The Regents of the University of California.
+.\" All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
+.\"	This product includes software developed by the University of
+.\"	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\"    without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\"	@(#)a2.t	5.1 (Berkeley) 4/17/91
+.\"
+.SH
+run (shell script)
+.LP
+.vS
+\*(+K#\*(-K! \fI\h'\w' 'u-\w'/'u'/\fPbin\fI\h'\w' 'u-\w'/'u'/\fPcsh \*-fx
+\*(+K#\*(-K Script to run benchmark programs\&.
+\*(+K#\*(-K
+date
+make clean; time make
+time syscall 100000
+time seqpage \*-p 7500 10
+time seqpage \*-v \*-p 7500 10
+time randpage \*-p 7500 30000
+time randpage \*-v \*-p 7500 30000
+time gausspage \*-p 7500 \*-s 1 30000
+time gausspage \*-p 7500 \*-s 10 30000
+time gausspage \*-p 7500 \*-s 30 30000
+time gausspage \*-p 7500 \*-s 40 30000
+time gausspage \*-p 7500 \*-s 50 30000
+time gausspage \*-p 7500 \*-s 60 30000
+time gausspage \*-p 7500 \*-s 80 30000
+time gausspage \*-p 7500 \*-s 10000 30000
+time csw 10000
+time signocsw 10000
+time pipeself 10000 512
+time pipeself 10000 4
+time udgself 10000 512
+time udgself 10000 4
+time pipediscard 10000 512
+time pipediscard 10000 4
+time udgdiscard 10000 512
+time udgdiscard 10000 4
+time pipeback 10000 512
+time pipeback 10000 4
+time udgback 10000 512
+time udgback 10000 4
+size forks
+time forks 1000 0
+time forks 1000 1024
+time forks 1000 102400
+size vforks
+time vforks 1000 0
+time vforks 1000 1024
+time vforks 1000 102400
+countenv
+size nulljob
+time execs 1000 0 nulljob
+time execs 1000 1024 nulljob
+time execs 1000 102400 nulljob
+time vexecs 1000 0 nulljob
+time vexecs 1000 1024 nulljob
+time vexecs 1000 102400 nulljob
+size bigjob
+time execs 1000 0 bigjob
+time execs 1000 1024 bigjob
+time execs 1000 102400 bigjob
+time vexecs 1000 0 bigjob
+time vexecs 1000 1024 bigjob
+time vexecs 1000 102400 bigjob
+\*(+K#\*(-K fill environment with ~1024 bytes
+setenv a 012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456780123456789
+setenv b 012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456780123456789
+setenv c 012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456780123456789
+setenv d 012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456780123456789
+setenv e 012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456780123456789
+setenv f 012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456780123456789
+setenv g 012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456780123456789
+setenv h 012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456780123456789
+setenv i 012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456780123456789
+setenv j 012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456780123456789
+setenv k 012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456780123456789
+setenv l 012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456780123456789
+setenv m 012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456780123456789
+setenv n 012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456780123456789
+setenv o 012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456780123456789
+countenv
+time execs 1000 0 nulljob
+time execs 1000 1024 nulljob
+time execs 1000 102400 nulljob
+time execs 1000 0 bigjob
+time execs 1000 1024 bigjob
+time execs 1000 102400 bigjob
+.vE
+.bp
+'-F