The purpose of this change to the FFS layout policy is to reduce the

running time for a full fsck. It also reduces the random access time
for large files and speeds the traversal time for directory tree walks.

The key idea is to reserve a small area in each cylinder group
immediately following the inode blocks for the use of metadata,
specifically indirect blocks and directory contents. The new policy
is to preferentially place metadata in the metadata area and
everything else in the blocks that follow the metadata area.

The size of this area can be set when creating a filesystem using
newfs(8) or changed in an existing filesystem using tunefs(8).
Both utilities use the `-k held-for-metadata-blocks' option to
specify the amount of space to be held for metadata blocks in each
cylinder group. By default, newfs(8) sets this area to half of
minfree (typically 4% of the data area).

This work was inspired by a paper presented at Usenix's FAST '13:
www.usenix.org/conference/fast13/ffsck-fast-file-system-checker

Details of this implementation appears in the April 2013 of ;login:
www.usenix.org/publications/login/april-2013-volume-38-number-2.
A copy of the April 2013 ;login: paper can also be downloaded
from: www.mckusick.com/publications/faster_fsck.pdf.

Reviewed by: kib
Tested by:   Peter Holm
MFC after:   4 weeks

1 files changed, 10 insertions, 1 deletions

diff --git a/sbin/newfs/newfs.c b/sbin/newfs/newfs.c
index 3ce0be7..59b7e61 100644
--- a/sbin/newfs/newfs.c
+++ b/sbin/newfs/newfs.c
@@ -102,6 +102,7 @@ int	bsize = 0;		/* block size */
 int	maxbsize = 0;		/* maximum clustering */
 int	maxblkspercg = MAXBLKSPERCG; /* maximum blocks per cylinder group */
 int	minfree = MINFREE;	/* free space threshold */
+int	metaspace;		/* space held for metadata blocks */
 int	opt = DEFAULTOPT;	/* optimization preference (space or time) */
 int	density;		/* number of bytes per inode */
 int	maxcontig = 0;		/* max contiguous blocks to allocate */
@@ -141,7 +142,7 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
 	part_name = 'c';
 	reserved = 0;
 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv,
-	    "EJL:NO:RS:T:UXa:b:c:d:e:f:g:h:i:jlm:no:p:r:s:t")) != -1)
+	    "EJL:NO:RS:T:UXa:b:c:d:e:f:g:h:i:jk:lm:no:p:r:s:t")) != -1)
 		switch (ch) {
 		case 'E':
 			Eflag = 1;
@@ -248,6 +249,13 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
 		case 'l':
 			lflag = 1;
 			break;
+		case 'k':
+			if ((metaspace = atoi(optarg)) < 0)
+				errx(1, "%s: bad metadata space %%", optarg);
+			if (metaspace == 0)
+				/* force to stay zero in mkfs */
+				metaspace = -1;
+			break;
 		case 'm':
 			if ((minfree = atoi(optarg)) < 0 || minfree > 99)
 				errx(1, "%s: bad free space %%", optarg);
@@ -501,6 +509,7 @@ usage()
 	fprintf(stderr, "\t-h average files per directory\n");
 	fprintf(stderr, "\t-i number of bytes per inode\n");
 	fprintf(stderr, "\t-j enable soft updates journaling\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "\t-k space to hold for metadata blocks\n");
 	fprintf(stderr, "\t-l enable multilabel MAC\n");
 	fprintf(stderr, "\t-n do not create .snap directory\n");
 	fprintf(stderr, "\t-m minimum free space %%\n");