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authorpeter <peter@FreeBSD.org>1995-12-30 19:02:48 +0000
committerpeter <peter@FreeBSD.org>1995-12-30 19:02:48 +0000
commitab124e78b0271ddb904b761b31e5c9a0cf24e070 (patch)
tree0cf1447720c45721ed3d214a4eaaa6834bda155d /sbin/ipfw
parent15748830d0fcd29294a1969a1012655e74908c1e (diff)
downloadFreeBSD-src-ab124e78b0271ddb904b761b31e5c9a0cf24e070.zip
FreeBSD-src-ab124e78b0271ddb904b761b31e5c9a0cf24e070.tar.gz
recording cvs-1.6 file death
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diff --git a/sbin/ipfw/ipfirewall.4 b/sbin/ipfw/ipfirewall.4
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-.Dd November 16, 1994
-.Dt IPFW(4)/IPACCT 4
-.Os
-.Sh NAME
-
- ipfirewall,ipfw - IP packets filter.
- ipaccounting,ipacct - IP packets/traffic accounting.
-
-.Sh SYNOPSIS
-#include <netinet/ip_fw.h>
-
-setsockopt(raw_socket,IPPROTO_IP,<ipfw/ipacct option>,
- <struct ip|struct ipfw>,<size>)
-
-Ipfw options:
- IP_FW_ADD_BLK - add entry to blocking chain.
- IP_FW_ADD_FWD - add entry to forwarding chain.
- IP_FW_CHK_BLK - check ip packet against blocking chain.
- IP_FW_CHK_FWD - check ip packet against forwarding chain.
- IP_FW_DEL_BLK - delete entry from blocking chain.
- IP_FW_DEL_FWD - delete entry from forwarding chain.
- IP_FW_FLUSH - flush all blocking & forwarding chain entries.
- IP_FW_POLICY - define default ipfw policy.
-
-Ipacct options:
- IP_ACCT_ADD - add entry to accounting chain.
- IP_ACCT_DEL - delete entry from accounting chain.
- IP_ACCT_FLUSH - flush all accounting chain entries.
- IP_ACCT_ZERO - zero all accounting chain entries.
-
-Ipfw/ipacct entry structure:
- #define IP_FW_MAX_PORTS 10
-
-struct ip_fw {
- struct ip_fw *next;
- struct in_addr src, dst;
- struct in_addr src_mask, dst_mask;
- u_short flags;
- u_short n_src_p, n_dst_p;
- u_short ports[IP_FW_MAX_PORTS];
- u_long p_cnt,b_cnt;
-}
-
-Flags values for "flags" field:
- IP_FW_F_ALL - The entry should match all IP packets.
- IP_FW_F_TCP - The entry should match TCP packets.
- IP_FW_F_UDP - The entry should match UDP packets.
- IP_FW_F_ICMP - The entry should match ICMP packets.
- IP_FW_F_KIND - Mask value to separate protocol kind.
- IP_FW_F_ACCEPT - This entry is accepting ( see below )
- IP_FW_F_SRNG - Source ports are range ( see below )
- IP_FW_F_DRNG - Destination ports are range ( see below )
- IP_FW_F_PRN - Print this entry ( see below )
- IP_FW_F_BIDIR - This acct entry is bidirectional ( see below )
- IP_FW_F_MASK - Mask to match all valid flag bits.
-
-Kernel symbols to kvm_nlist():
- struct ip_fw *ip_fw_blk_chain - chain of forwarding entries.
- struct ip_fw *ip_fw_fwd_chain - chain of blocking entries.
- int ip_fw_policy - default policy.
- struct ip_fw *ip_acct_chain - chain of accounting entries.
-
-Options in the kernel configuration file:
- IPFIREWALL - enable ipfirewall.
- IPFIREWALL_VERBOSE - enable firewall output ( see below )
- DEBUG_IPFIREWALL - enable extensive debugging output.
- IPACCT - enable ipaccounting.
-
-.Sh DESCRIPTION
-Ipfirewall (later ipfw) is a system facility,which allows filtering
-of incoming and/or forwarding packets on the protocol+source/destination
-adress/ports base.
-Ipaccounting (later ipacct) is a system facility,which allows counting
-of incoming,outgoing and forwarding traffic by packet/byte count.
-
-Basic idea is that every packet checked against number of entries
-in several chains.There are 3 chains:
- Blocking - this chain defines whenever packet should be accepted
- ever for local delivery or for forwarding.
- Forwarding - this chain defines whenever packet should be accepted
- for forwarding only.
- Accounting - this chain defines types of packets , which should be
- counted.
-
-Entries added to chains by means of setsockopt() call on RAW IP socket.
-Options to add/remove specific entries or to flush all entries described
-above. Value passed to setsockopt() is a value of struct ip_fw for
-entry. If entry added , it checked by such rules that when we start
-searching chain for matching entry the first matching is the best match,
-[ or at least one of them :^) ].
- That means:
- * First in chain entries with specific protocol and small ranges
- of src/dst adresses and ports.
- * Later going entries with wider ranges of ports and adresses.
- * Later entries matching every port for some adress range.
- * Later universal entries matching any protocol.
-
-While deleting entry , every entry which equal to that passed to
-setsockopt() will be removed.
-Flush removes all entries.
-
-Every entry have several fields,by which packets matched:
- struct ip_fw *next - next entry in chain.(Set internally)
-
- struct in_addr src - source adress to be matched.
- struct in_addr src_mask - source adress mask.
- To match whole networks/subnets or adress groups
- mask bits should be zeroed here and also
- in src_mask field. Valuable bits should be set
- in src_mask field.
- struct in_addr dst - destination adress to be matched.
- struct in_addr dst_mask - destination adress mask.
-
- u_short flags - flags field.See exact description of flags meaning
- in description later.
-
- u_short n_src_p - number of source ports in "ports" array.
- u_short n_dst_p - number of destination ports in "ports" array.
- u_short ports[] - ports array.Overall length currently defined
- to reasonable maximum - 10,and could be changed.
- The packet's src port can ever match one of
- ports[0] ... ports[--n_src_p] numbers,or if
- flag IP_FW_F_SRNG set take port[0] as bottom
- range value and ports[1] as top one.n_src_p should
- be set to 2 then.If n_src_p equal to 0 , every port
- match. The same rules apply to packet's dst port,
- except that it matched against ports[n_src_p] ...
- ... ports[n_src_p+n_dst_p--],or if IP_FW_F_DRNG set,
- range is ports[n_src_p] to ports[n_srcp++].
-
- u_long p_cnt - packets count for ipacct entries.
- u_long b_cnt - bytes count for ipacct entries.
-
-Packet matching proceeds in following way:
-
-a) If packet entry protocol set to ALL, see c).
-
-b) If entry protocol set to TCP/UDP/ICMP and packet protocol
- different - no match,if packet protocol and entry protocol
- same - continue.
-
-c) If source addres pattern does not equal to packets sources adress
- masked with src_mask , or destination pattern not equal to packets
- destination adress masked with dst_mask - no match.
- If they does and protocol set to ALL/ICMP - got match.
- If they does and protocol set to TCP/UDP - continue.
-
-d) If src port doesn't match or dst port doesn't match - all
- packet don't match. If they does - got match.
-
-In ipfw packet matched consequently against every chain entry.
-Search continues untill first matching entry found.If IP_FW_F_ACCEPT
-flag set - packet accepted.If it is not set - packet denied.
-If no matching entry found , all unmatched packets ever accepted or
-denied depending on global polici value. It can be set with
-IP_FW_POLICY raw socket option. Deny value is 0, other values
-(default 1) is accept.
-
-Entries can be added with IP_FW_F_PRN flag set.If kernel compiled
-with IPFIREWALL_VERBOSE option,packets matching this entries will
-be printed by kernel printf's.
-
-If some chain is empty,every packet accepted by this chain no
-matter what default policy is.
-
-To check whenever or not packet denied by some chain , checking
-options to setsockopt() can be issued. Then the argument is
-a buffer representing ip packet,thus it has to be
-struct ip + struct tcphdr .
-Then setsockopt() return value 0 on accept or another on deny.
-
-Ipaccounting entries added the same way as ipfw ones.Packet checked
-against all entries in chain and values of p_cnt and b_cnt in matching
-entries rised.p_cnt rises by 1 and b_cnt by ip_len value of ip packet.
-Thus all traffic size counted including IP headers.
-
-If IP_FW_F_BIDIR flag is set in accounting entry,packets counted are
-those which match entry in standart way along with packets which match
-entry while their source and destination addr/port pairs swapped.
-
-Zero option allows all accounting to be cleared.
-
-.Sh DIAGNOSTICS
-
-[EINVAL] The IP option field was improperly formed; an option
- field was shorter than the minimum value or longer than
- the option buffer provided.An structural error in
- ip_fw structure occured (n_src_p+n_dst_p too big,
- ports set for ALL/ICMP protocols etc.)
-
-.Sh SEE ALSO
-
-ip(4), setsockopt(2), kvm_nlist(3), kvm_read(3)
-
-.Sh BUGS
- Ipfw/ipacct facilities are new and , although serious bugs has
-been tracked,some less important ones expected.
- This man page also uncomplete bad styled.
-
-.Sh HISTORY
- Ipfw facility has been intitially written as package to BSDI
-by Daniel Boulet <danny@BouletFermat.ab.ca>.
- It has been havily modified and ported to FreeBSD 2.0
-by Ugen J.S.Antsilevich <ugen@NetVision.net.il>
- Ipacct facility written for FreeBSD 2.0
-by Ugen J.S.Antsilevich <ugen@NetVision.net.il>
diff --git a/sbin/ipfw/ipfw.1 b/sbin/ipfw/ipfw.1
deleted file mode 100644
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--- a/sbin/ipfw/ipfw.1
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,527 +0,0 @@
-.\"
-.\" ipfw - a utility for manipulating the configuration of an IP firewall.
-.\"
-.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
-.\" are met:
-.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
-.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
-.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
-.\"
-.\" @(#)ipfw.1
-.\"
-.TH ipfw 1 "October 27, 1994" "" "FreeBSD"
-
-.SH NAME
-ipfw - a utility for manipulating the configuration of an IP firewall.
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.na
-.B ipfw
-.RB [options]
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-The
-.B ipfw
-command is used to configure an active IP firewall, setting masks on just
-what sites are allowed to connect through it, which packets are rejected,
-etc.
-.SH OPTIONS
-The command-line syntax of this command is rather involved, and rather than
-spend a lot of time that I just don't have at the moment creating a
-.B real
-man page, with properly formatted sections and all, I'm just going to loosely
-format the README I got. This really needs an nroff expert to go through
-it with a chainsaw and do a
-.N REAL
-job of formatting it! This all looks rather horrible at present, and
-I would actually almost recommend that you simply read the man page text
-directly, rather than trying to format it. Sorry, but I do NOT speak
-nroff, nor do I ever wish to learn how! :-) [-jkh].
-.PP
-For a sample kernel configuration file that will enable the right kernel
-features necessary for firewalling, see
-.I /sys/i386/conf/IPFIREWALL
-.
-.PP
-.B WARNING!!! WARNING!!! WARNING!!! WARNING!!! WARNING!!! WARNING!!!
-.PP
-This utility can be used to put your machine into very dysfunctional state,
-so if you want to test it then you should first make sure to read this man page
-all the way through, and don't run it anywhere from the system console!
-Using
-.I ipfw
-incorrectly is a really good way to kick yourself off your own machine
-if you're logged in over a network! Also make sure to never set this
-utility to be setuid root! It's a blatant security hole that way.
-Instead, run it as root or from "/etc/rc.local" as part of the boot process.
-It's also a good idea to use the checkb or checkf command options (see below)
-to pass some test packets through the firewalls that you've defined before
-going "live".
-.PP
-You may find it useful to create a file in which the first line is
-.I firewall flush
-to flush any existing firewalls before defining the explicit firewalls
-that you wish to use. This will ensure that you're always working from a
-known state.
-.PP
-The syntax for the
-.BI ipfirewall
-command option is rather complex and yet simple at the same time (if you know
-what I mean). There are seven sub-commands, and probably the easiest way to
-get into this is to give you a roughly BNF style grammar for the command
-(curly brackets are used for precedence, alternatives are separated by |,
-optional things are enclosed in square brackets, white space is required if
-it appears below and must not appear if there isn't any between the tokens
-below (i.e. no white space around periods, colons or slashes, whitespace
-required between all other tokens)):
-.PP
-.nf
- command ::= ipfirewall <list> | <flush> | <check> | <add> | <del>
- <list> ::= list
- <flush> ::= flush
- <check> ::= { checkb[locking] | checkf[orwarding] } <chkparms>
- <add> ::= { addb[locking] | addf[orwarding] } <add-del-parms>
- <del> ::= { delb[locking] | delf[orwarding] } <add-del-parms>
- <chkparms> ::= <protocol> from <ipaddr> <port> to <ipaddr> <port>
- <protocol> ::= tcp | udp
- <ipaddr> ::= <int>.<int>.<int>.<int> | <hostname>
- <hostname> ::= a host name from /etc/hosts
- <port> ::= <int> | <service>
- <service> ::= a service from /etc/services
- <int> ::= a non-negative integer
- <add-del-parms> ::= { accept | deny } { <universal_firewall> | <protocol_firewall> }
- <universal_firewall> ::= all from <masked_ipaddr> to <masked_ipaddr>
- <masked_ipaddr> ::= { <ipaddr>/<bits> } | { <ipaddr>:<ipaddr> } | <ipaddr>
- <bits> ::= integer in the range 0 to 32 inclusive
- <protocol_firewall> ::= <protocol> from <end_firewall> to <end_firewall>
- <end_firewall> ::= <masked_ipaddr> <port_list>
- <port_list> ::= [ <port>:<port> ] <sub_port_list>
- <sub_port_list> ::= <port> [ <sub_port_list> ]
-.fi
-.PP
-Although I think that the above grammar is complete, it isn't exactly what
-one would call easy to comprehend! Here's the basic idea along with what
-each of the forms mean:
-.PP
-The
-.I ipfirewall list
-command prints a list of the firewalls on both the
-forwarding and blocking chain in some more or less comprehensible format.
-.PP
-The
-.I ipfirewall flush
-command empties the two firewall chains.
-.PP
-The
-.I ipfirewall addblocking
-and
-.I ipfirewall addforwarding
-commands take a firewall description and add the firewall to the appropriate
-firewall chain. Note that you'll probably need to add some descriptions more
-then once, which will naturally take more then one entry in memory. It does
-not lead to significant degradation of performance, so don't worry about it.
-.PP
-The
-.I ipfirewall delblocking
-and
-.I ipfirewall delforwarding
-commands take a firewall description and delete the firewall from the
-appropriate firewall chain. The description must exactly match that given
-to an earlier add command. One delete command removes ALL matching entries
-from firewall chains.
-.PP
-There are two basic kinds of firewall descriptions. Universal firewall
-descriptions match all IP packets between specified pairs of hosts.
-Universal firewalls only check IP addresses (e.g. they match any combination
-of protocol and port numbers). Protocol-specific firewalls match either
-TCP/IP or UDP/IP packets between specified pairs of hosts. In addition
-to host descriptions, protocol-specific firewalls optionally take a
-description of which port numbers to match.
-.PP
-A host description consists of an IP address and a mask. The IP address
-is specified as either a domain name or in the familiar
-nn.nn.nn.nn format. The mask indicates how much of the IP address
-should be looked at when vetting packets. There are two ways to
-specify the mask. The first way is to suffix the IP address in the
-firewall with a slash and an integer in the range 0 through 32 inclusive.
-This integer is taken to be the number of high order bits of the IP
-address which are to be checked (for example, 192.153.211.0/24 checks
-the top 24 bits of the IP address, 192.153.211.17/32 checks all the
-bits and 0.0.0.0/0 checks none of the bits (i.e. all IP addresses are
-matched by this example)). The second way to specify a mask is to
-suffix the IP address with a colon followed by another IP address.
-This second address is the mask. Specifications equivalent to the
-above three examples using this syntax would be
-.PP
-.nf
-192.153.211.0:255.255.255.0
-192.153.211.17:255.255.255.255
-0.0.0.0:0.0.0.0
-.fi
-.PP
-The first form is taken from the syntax accepted by a Telebit NetBlazer.
-The second form is more along the lines of how a netmask is specified
-in /etc/netmasks. Finally, if no mask is specified then a mask of all
-1's is supplied (i.e. no mask is equivalent to /32 or :255.255.255.255).
-.PP
-The optional description of port numbers to mask can take three forms.
-The simplest form is to omit the list in which case all port numbers
-match. The next form is to specify a list of port numbers (either as
-positive integers or service names from /etc/services). The final form
-is actually a special case of the second form in which the first pair
-of port numbers is separated by a colon instead of white space. This
-pair specifies a range of port numbers (i.e. x:y specifies that all
-ports between x and y inclusive should match). A port description
-matches a particular port number if any of the following is true:
-.nf
- - the port description is null
-
- - the first pair of port numbers is a range and the port number
- is in the range (inclusive)
-
- - the port number is equal to any of the port numbers in the list
-.fi
-.PP
-There is a limit of a total of 10 port numbers in the source and
-destination port lists. This limit is arbitrary and easy to increase.
-It is determined by the value of the IP_FIREWALL_MAX_PORTS #define
-variable in ip_firewall.h. Each increase of 1 for this value adds two
-bytes to the size of each firewall. Since the size of a firewall is only
-slightly over 30 bytes right now, this limit of 10 could probably
-be increased by quite a bit before it became a concern. I've been
-thinking of increasing it to 20 which would be longer than any
-reasonable firewall would need and would only consume 20 more bytes
-per firewall. The counter argument to any increase is that it is
-always possible to construct an equivalent set of two or more firewalls
-that behaves like a single firewall with a really long port list.
-.PP
-This probably all sounds hopelessly complicated. It is actually not
-all that tricky (I'm just not very good at explaining it yet). A few
-examples will probably help a lot now:
-.PP
-Block all IP packets originating from the host hackers-den:
-.PP
-.nf
- ipfirewall addb deny all from hackers-den to 0.0.0.0/0
-.fi
-.PP
-Block all telnet packets to our telnet server from anywhere:
-.PP
-.nf
- ipfirewall addb deny tcp from 0.0.0.0/0 to mymachine/32 telnet
-.fi
-.PP
-Don't forward telnet, rlogin and rsh packets onto our local
-class C network:
-.PP
-.nf
- ipfirewall addf deny tcp from 0.0.0.0/0 to ournetwork/24 telnet login shell
-.fi
-.PP
-Don't let anyone on the local machine or any machine inside
-our local network ftp access to games.com:
-.PP
-.nf
- ipfirewall addb deny tcp from games.com ftp to 0.0.0.0/0
-.fi
-.PP
-This last one might look a little strange. It doesn't prevent
-anyone from sending packets to the games.com ftp server. What it
-does do is block any packets that the games.com ftp server sends
-back!
-.PP
-The
-.I ipfirewall checkblocking
-and
-.I ipfirewall checkforwarding
-commands take a description of an IP packet and check to see if the blocking
-or forwarding chain of firewalls respectively accept or reject the packet.
-It is used to make sure that the firewalls that you've defined work as
-expected. The basic syntax is probably best understood by looking at
-a couple of examples:
-.PP
-.nf
- ipfirewall checkb from bsdi.com 3001 to mymachine telnet
-.fi
-.PP
-checks to see if the blocking firewall will block a telnet packet from
-a telnet session originating on bsdi.com to the host mymachine will be
-blocked or not. Note that someone connecting to our telnet server
-could be using practically any port number. To be really sure, the
-firewall used to prevent access should be as simple as possible and/or
-you should try a variety of port numbers in addition to the rather
-arbitrarily chosen port of 3001.
-.PP
-One final note on the check* ,add* and del* command syntax. The noise word
-"to" exists in the syntax so that I can detect the end of a list of
-port numbers in the from description. Since I needed a noise word to
-detect this case, I added the noise word "from" in front of the from
-case for consistency.
-.PP
-Finally, have a look at the file
-.I "/usr/share/misc/ipfw.samp.filters"
-. It is the set of filters that I run at home [Danny].
-.PP
-Also check
-.I "/usr/share/misc/ipfw.samp.scripts"
-For examples of individual access restrictions.
-We [NetVision] use those for our dial-in PPP/SLIP users to allow some of them
-to access our internal networks, while disallowing others.
-This way we open access for the user's IP when he enters the system and shut it
-down when he leaves. All such changes may be applyed at any time,
-and so entries added and deleted from firewall while the system is
-is working have no other side effects [Ugen].
-
-.SH "TECHNICAL DETAILS"
-A bit of a description of how the firewalls are applied (i.e. what happens in
-the kernel) may be instructive to the advanced firewall-builder:
-.PP
-When an IP packet is received, the ipintr() routine in ip_input.c is
-called. This routine does a bit of basic error checking. If it
-detects any errors in the packet it generally drops the packet on
-the floor. The idea behind the ipfirewall facility is to treat packets
-that we don't want to accept as bad packets (i.e. drop them on the
-floor). The ipfirewall facility intercedes in the normal processing
-at two points. Just after the basic sanity checks are done, we pass
-any packets not targeted at the loopback network (127.0.0.0/8) to the
-firewall checker along with the chain of blocking firewalls.If the firewall
-checker tells us to block the packet then we branch to the "bad:" label
-in ipintr() which is where all bad packets are dropped on the floor.
-Otherwise, we allow normal processing of the packet to continue. The
-exact point at which we intercede was chosen to be after the basic
-sanity checking and before the option processing is done. We want to
-be after the basic sanity checking so that we don't have to be able
-to handle complete garbage. We want to be before the option processing
-because option processing is done in separate rather complex routine.
-Why bother doing this special processing if we might be dropping the
-packet?
-.PP
-The second point at which we intercede is when a packet is about to be
-forwarded to another host. All such packets are passed to the ip_forward
-routine. The ipfirewall code is at the very top of this routine. If
-the packet isn't targetted at the loopback interface (is it possible
-that it could be when we reach this point? I doubt it but safety first)
-then pass the packet to the firewall checker along with the forwarding
-firewall chain. If the firewall checker indicates that the packet should
-not be forwarded then we drop in (using code copied from a few lines
-further into the routine which drops broadcast packets which are not
-to be forwarded).
-.PP
-There are a couple of consequences of this approach:
-.PP
-1) Packets which are blocked are never forwarded (something to keep
-in mind when designing firewalls).
-.PP
-2) Packets targeted at the loopback interface (127.0.0.0/8) are never
-blocked. Blocking packets to the loopback interface seems pointless
-and potentially quite confusing. It also makes a possibly common
-case very cheap.
-.PP
-3) The sender of a packet which is blocked receives no indication that
-the packet was dropped. The Telebit NetBlazer can be configured to
-silently drop a blocked packet or to send back a "you can't get there
-from here" packet to the sender. Implementing the later would have
-been more work (possibly quite a bit more, I don't really know). Also,
-I don't see any reason to give a potential hacker any more information
-than necessary. Dropping the packet into the bit bucket seems like
-the best way to keep a hacker guessing. [Danny]
-.PP
-(I am working on this feature, it would be made optional and
-configurable by some ICMP_UNREACH_ON_DROP option, or such [Ugen]).
-.PP
-The firewall checker takes two parameters. The first parameter is a pointer
-to the packet in question. The second parameter is a pointer to the
-appropriate firewall chain. At the present time, the firewall checker passes
-these parameters to a second routine which is the real firewall checker.
-If the real checker says NO then an appropriate message is printed
-onto the console. This is useful for debugging purposes. Whether or
-not it remains in the long term depends on whether it is considered useful
-for logging purposes (I'm a little reluctant to leave it in since it
-provides a hacker with a way to commit a "denial of service" offense
-against you by filling up your /var/log/messages file's file system
-with error messages. There are ways of preventing this but ... [Danny]).
-In default configuration now no information about dropped packets
-printed.You may, however, define it as i do by adding
-.I options IPFIREWALL_VERBOSE
-to your kernel configuration file. Very useful thingy! [Ugen]
-
-.PP
-A return value of 0 from this routine (or the real firewall checker)
-indicates that the packet is to be dropped. A value of 1 indicates
-that the packet is to be accepted. In the early testing stages you
-might want to make the top level firewall checker always return 1 even
-if the real checker returns 0 just in case the real firewall checker
-screws up (or your firewalls aren't as well designed as they should be).
-In fact, this might be a useful optional feature (providing a way to
-leave a door unlocked doesn't seem all that wise but it has to be
-balanced against the inconvenience to legitimate users who might get
-screwed up by poorly designed firewalls).
-
-.PP
-The real firewall returns 1 (accept the packet) if the chain is empty. If
-efficiency is a concern (which it is in this code), this check should
-be done in ip_input.c before calling the firewall checker.
-
-.PP
-Assuming that there is a firewall chain to scan through, the real firewall
-checker picks up the src and dst IP addresses from the IP packet. It
-then goes through the firewall chain looking for the first firewall that
-matches the packet. Once a matching firewall has been found, a value of
-1 is returned if the firewall is an accept firewall and a value of 0 is
-returned otherwise.
-.PP
-The following processing is done for each firewall on the chain:
-.PP
-1) check the src and dst IP addresses. If they don't match then
-there isn't any point in looking any further at this firewall.
-This check is done by anding the packet's IP addresses the
-with appropriate masks and comparing the results to the
-appropriate addresses in the firewall. Note that the mask is
-NOT applied to the address in the firewall. If it has any 1
-bits that are 0 bits in the mask then the firewall will never
-match (this will be checked in ipfirewall soon). If the addresses
-match then we continue with the next step.
-.PP
-2) If the firewall is a universal firewall then we've got a match.
-Return either 0 or 1 as appropriate. Otherwise, continue with
-the next step.
-.PP
-3) Examine the IP protocol from the packet. If we havn't had to
-look at it before then we get it and set a local variable to
-IP_FIREWALL_TCP for TCP/IP packets, IP_FIREWALL_UDP for UDP/IP
-packets, IP_FIREWALL_ICMP for ICMP packets, and IP_FIREWALL_UNIVERSAL
-for all other packet types. Also, if the packet is a TCP/IP or
-a UDP/IP packet, save the source and destination port numbers
-at this point (taking advantage of the fact that the port numbers
-are stored in the same place in either a TCP/IP or a UDP/IP
-packet header). If the packet is neither a TCP/IP or a UDP/IP
-packet then this firewall won't match it (on to the next firewall).
-If this packet's protocol doesn't match this firewall's protocol
-(which can't be universal or we wouldn't be here) then on to
-the next firewall. Otherwise, continue with the next step.
-.PP
-4) We're checking either a TCP/IP or a UDP/IP packet. If the
-firewall's source port list is empty or the packet's source
-port matches something in the source port list AND if the firewall's
-destination port list is empty or the packet's destination
-port matches something in the destination port list then
-we've got a match (return 0 or 1 as appropriate). Otherwise,
-on to the next firewall.
-.PP
-As indicated above, if no packet on the chain matches the packet then
-it is accepted if the first firewall was a deny firewall and it is rejected
-if the first firewall was an accept packet. This is equivalent to the
-default behaviour of a Telebit NetBlazer. They provide a way to override
-this behaviour. I'm not convinced that it is necessary (I'm open to
-suggestions).
-.PP
-That's about it for the firewall checker. The
-.I ipfw
-program communicates with the kernel part of the firewall facility by making
-setsockopt calls on RAW IP sockets. Only root is allowed to open a RAW IP
-socket. This ensures that only root uses
-.I ipfw to manipulate the firewall facility.
-Also, somewhere in the kernel source or on a man page, I read that the
-RAW IP setsockopt calls are intended for manipulating the IP protocol layer
-as opposed to manipulating any particular instance of a socket. This seems
-like a reasonable description of what the firewall setsockopt command
-codes do.
-.PP
-There are seven setsockopt command codes defined by the firewall facility
-(in netinet/in.h). They are:
-.PP
-.nf
- IP_FLUSH_FIREWALLS flush (i.e. free) both firewall chains.
-
- IP_ADD_FORWARDING_FIREWALL add firewall pointed at by optval parm to
- the end of the forwarding firewall chain.
-
- IP_ADD_BLOCKING_FIREWALL add firewall pointed at by optval parm to
- the end of the blocking firewall chain.
-
- IP_DEL_FORWARDING_FIREWALL delete firewall pointed at by optval parm
- from the forwarding firewall chain.
-
- IP_DEL_BLOCKING_FIREWALL delete firewall pointed at by optval parm
- from the blocking firewall chain.
-
- IP_CHECK_FORWARDING_FIREWALL pass the IP packet do the firewall checker
- along with the forwarding firewall chain.
- Return 0 if packet was accepted, -1 (with
- errno set to EACCES) if it wasn't.
-
- IP_CHECK_BLOCKING_FIREWALL pass the IP packet do the firewall checker
- along with the blocking firewall chain.
- Return 0 if packet was accepted, -1 (with
- errno set to EACCES) if it wasn't.
-
- The IP_ADD_* and IP_DEL_* command codes do a fair bit of validity checking.
- It is quite unlikely that a garbage firewall could get past them that
- would cause major problems in the firewall checker. It IS possible for
- a garbage packet to get past the checks which causes major grief because
- it either blocks or accepts packets according to unusual rules (the rules
- will conform to the ones described above but will probably come as quite
- a surprise).
-
- The IP_CHECK_* command codes expect the optval parameter to point
- to a struct ip immediately followed by a header appropriate to the protocol
- value described in the ip_p field of the ip header. The exact requirements
- are as follows:
-
- - The length of the optval parameter must be at least
-
- sizeof(struct ip) + 2 * sizeof(u_short)
-
- since this is the amount of memory that might be referenced by
- the firewall checker.
-
- - The ip_hl field of the ip structure must be equal to
-
- sizeof(struct ip) / sizeof(int)
-
- since this value indicates that the tcp/udp/??? header immediately
- follows the ip header (appropriate for the purposes that this
- interface is intended for).
-
- Failure to follow these rules (for either the IP_ADD_*,IP_DEL_* or the
- IP_CHECK_*_FIREWALL commands) will result in a return value of -1 with
- errno set to EINVAL (for now, it will also result in an appropriate
- message on the console).
-
- To read current configuration of firewalls,the kvm_read() function used.
- Symbols,which you have to find are :
- struct ip_firewall * ip_firewall_blocking_chain ;
- struct ip_firewall * ip_firewall_forwarding_chain ;
- Both are pointers to the linked list of firewall entries.
- Of course, you must at least be a member of group kmem to read kernel
- symbols.
-.fi
-.PP
-There are a couple of additional details that are worth reading about in
-the ip_firewall.h file. Other than that, let the authors know how you do!
-If you have any problems, you may call Danny Boulet at home (403 449-1835)
-or send e-mail to <danny@BouletFermat.ab.ca>. If you call, please keep in
-mind that Danny lives in the Canadian Mountain timezone (GMT-0600).
-.PP
-You may also reach some commercial users of this package (and also those
-responsible for porting it to FreeBSD and adding several additional
-commands), at 972-4-550-330, or via email at <ugen@NetVision.net.il>.
-If you call, remember that Ugen lives in the Israel timezone, which is GMT+02.
-
-.SH FILES
-/usr/share/misc/ipfw.samp.filters
-/usr/share/misc/ipfw.samp.scripts
-.SH "BUGS"
-You can very easily hose your machine utterly if you don't know what you're
-doing. Dieses Befehl ist nur fuer Experten!
-.SH "SEE ALSO"
-.BR reboot (1) ,
-.PP
-.BR /sys/i386/conf/IPFIREWALL
-.SH AUTHORS
-Daniel Boulet <danny@BouletFermat.ab.ca>
-.PP
-Ugen J.S.Antsilevich <ugen@NetVision.net.il>
-.PP
-Jordan K. Hubbard <jkh@FreeBSD.org> [Crimes committed in this manpage]
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