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-+=====================  Installing FreeBSD  ==========================+
-|                                                                     |
-| Table of Contents:                                                  |
-|                                                                     |
-| 0.0     Quick Start:                                                |
-|         0.1     Installing FreeBSD from CDROM or the Internet.      |
-|                                                                     |
-| 1.0     Detail on various installation types:                       |
-|         1.1     Installing from a network CDROM                     |
-|         1.2     Installing from Floppies                            |
-|         1.3     Installing from a DOS partition                     |
-|         1.4     Installing from QIC/SCSI tape                       |
-|         1.5     Installing over a network using NFS or FTP          |
-|                 1.5.1   NFS Installation tips                       |
-|                 1.5.2   FTP Installation tips                       |
-|         1.6     Tips for Serial COnsole Users                       |
-|                                                                     |
-| 2.0     DOS User's Q&A section.                                     |
-|         2.1     How do I make space for FreeBSD?                    |
-|         2.2     Can I use compressed DOS filesystems from FreeBSD?  |
-|         2.3     Can I use DOS extended partitions?                  |
-|         2.4     Can I run DOS executables under FreeBSD?            |
-|                                                                     |
-+=====================================================================+
-
-Author:         Jordan K. Hubbard
-Last updated:   Tue May 4 16:05:41 PST 1999
-
-0.0     Quick Start
----     -----------
-
-This manual documents the process of making a new installation of
-FreeBSD on your machine.  If you are upgrading from a previous
-release of FreeBSD, please see the file UPGRADE.TXT for important
-information on upgrading.  If you are not familiar with configuring
-PC hardware for FreeBSD, you should also read the HARDWARE.TXT file -
-it contains important information which may save you a lot of grief.
-
-If you're new to FreeBSD then you should also read EVERYTHING listed
-in the Documentation menu of the installer.  It may seem like a lot
-to read, but the time you spend now reading the documents will be made
-up many times over because you were adequately prepared. Also, you will
-know the types of information available should you get stuck later.
-Once the system is installed, you can also revisit this menu and use a 
-WEB browser to read the installed FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions) and 
-Handbook HTML documentation sets for FreeBSD.  You can also use the 
-browser to visit other WEB sites on the net (like http://www.freebsd.org)
-if you have an Internet connection. See ABOUT.TXT for more information
-on the resources available to you.
-
-The best laid plans sometimes go awry, so if you run into trouble take a 
-look at TROUBLE.TXT which contains valuable troubleshooting information.
-You should also read ERRATA.TXT before installing and follow the pointers
-there carefully since this will stop you from falling over any problems
-which have reported in the interim for your particular release.
-
-DISCLAIMER: While FreeBSD does its best to safeguard against
-accidental loss of data, it's still more than possible to WIPE OUT
-YOUR ENTIRE DISK with this installation if you make a mistake!  Please
-do not proceed to the final FreeBSD installation menu unless you've
-adequately backed up any important data first!  We really mean it!
-
-FreeBSD requires a 386 or better processor to run (sorry, there is no
-support for '286 processors) and at least 5 megs of RAM to install
-and 4 megs of RAM to run. You will need at least 100MB of free hard
-drive space for the most minimal installation.  See below for ways of
-shrinking existing DOS partitions in order to install FreeBSD.
-
-
-0.1     Installing FreeBSD from CDROM or the Internet
----     ---------------------------------------------
-
-The easiest type of installation is from CD.  If you have a supported
-CDROM drive and a FreeBSD installation CD from Walnut Creek CDROM,
-there are 2 ways of starting the installation from it:
-
-        1. If your system supports bootable CDROM media (usually an option
-           which can be selectively enabled in the controller's setup menu
-           or in the PC BIOS for some systems) and you have it enabled,
-           FreeBSD supports the "El Torrito" bootable CD standard.  Simply
-           put the installation CD in your CDROM drive and boot the system
-           to begin installation.
-
-        2. Build a set of FreeBSD boot floppies from the floppies/
-           directory in every FreeBSD distribution.  Either simply use the
-           ``makeflp.bat'' script from DOS or read floppies/README.TXT
-           for more information on creating the bootable floppies under
-           different operating systems.  Then you simply boot from the
-           first floppy and you should soon be in the FreeBSD installation.
-
-If you don't have a CDROM and would like to simply install over the
-net using PPP, slip or a dedicated connection, simply fetch the
-<FreeBSD-release>/floppies/boot.flp file from:
-
-        ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD
-
-or one of its many mirrors (http://www.freebsd.org/handbook/mirrors.html)
-and follow step 3 above.  You should also read the floppies/README.TXT
-file as it contains important information for downloaders.
-
-Once you have your boot floppies made, please go to section 1.5 of this
-document for additional tips on installing via FTP or NFS.
-
-
-1.0     Detail on various installation types
----     ------------------------------------
-
-Once you've gotten yourself to the initial installation screen somehow,
-you should be able to follow the various menu prompts and go from there.
-If you've never used the FreeBSD installation before, you are also
-encouraged to read some of the documentation in the the Documentation
-submenu as well as the general "Usage" instructions on the first menu.
-
-   NOTE:  If you get stuck at a screen, hit the F1 key for online
-   documentation relevant to that specific section.
-
-If you've never installed FreeBSD before, or even if you have, the
-"Novice" installation mode is the most recommended since it makes sure
-that you'll visit all the various important checklist items along the
-way.  If you're much more comfortable with the FreeBSD installation
-process and know _exactly_ what you want to do, use the Express or
-Custom installation options.  If you're upgrading an existing system,
-use the Upgrade option.
-
-The FreeBSD installer supports the direct use of floppy, DOS, tape,
-CDROM, FTP, NFS and UFS partitions as installation media, further tips
-on installing from each type of media listed below.
-
-
-1.1     Installing from a network CDROM
----     -------------------------------
-
-If you simply wish to install from a local CDROM drive then see the
-Quick Start section.  If you don't have a CDROM drive on your system
-and wish to use a FreeBSD distribution CD in the CDROM drive of
-another system to which you have network connectivity, there are also
-several ways of going about it:
-
-1. If you would be able to FTP install FreeBSD directly from the CDROM
-   drive in some FreeBSD machine, it's quite easy: You simply add the
-   following line to the password file (using the vipw command):
-
-        ftp:*:99:99::0:0:FTP:/cdrom:/sbin/nologin
-
-   And anyone else on your network will now be able to chose a Media
-   type of FTP and type in: ``ftp://<machine with CDROM drive>'' after
-   picking "URL" in the ftp sites menu.
-
-2. If you would rather use NFS to export the CDROM directly to the
-   machine(s) you'll be installing from, you need to first add an
-   entry to the /etc/exports file (on the machine with the CDROM drive)
-   which looks something like this:
-
-        /cdrom          -ro             ziggy.foo.com
-
-   To allow the machine "ziggy.foo.com" to mount the CDROM directly
-   via NFS during installation.  The machine with the CDROM must also
-   be configured as an NFS server, of course, and if you're not sure how
-   to do that then an NFS installation is probably not the best choice
-   for you unless you're willing to read up on rc.conf(5) and configure
-   things appropriately.  Assuming that this part goes smoothly, you
-   should be able to enter:  cdrom-host:/cdrom as the path for an NFS
-   installation when the target machine is installed, e.g. wiggy:/cdrom
-
-
-1.2     Installing from Floppies
----     ------------------------
-
-If you must install from floppy disks, either due to unsupported
-hardware or just because you enjoy doing things the hard way, you must
-first prepare some floppies for the install.
-
-First, make your boot floppies as described in floppies/README.TXT
-
-Second, read the file LAYOUT.TXT and pay special attention to the
-"Distribution format" section since it describes which files you're
-going to need to put onto floppy and which you can safely skip.
-
-Next you will need, at minimum, as many 1.44MB floppies as it takes to
-hold all files in the bin (binary distribution) directory.  If you're
-preparing these floppies under DOS, then THESE floppies *must* be
-formatted using the MS-DOS FORMAT command.  If you're using Windows,
-use the Windows File Manager format command.
-
-Don't trust Factory Preformatted floppies!  Format them again
-yourself, just to make sure.  Many problems reported by our users in
-the past have resulted from the use of improperly formatted media,
-which is why I'm taking such special care to mention it here!
-
-If you're creating the floppies from another FreeBSD machine, a format
-is still not a bad idea though you don't need to put a DOS filesystem
-on each floppy.  You can use the `disklabel' and `newfs' commands to
-put a UFS filesystem on a floppy, as the following sequence of
-commands illustrates:
-
-        fdformat -f 1440 fd0.1440
-        disklabel -w -r fd0.1440 floppy3
-        newfs -t 2 -u 18 -l 1 -i 65536 /dev/rfd0
-
-After you've formatted the floppies for DOS or UFS, you'll need to
-copy the files onto them.  The distribution files are split into
-chunks conveniently sized so that 5 of them will fit on a conventional
-1.44MB floppy.  Go through all your floppies, packing as many files as
-will fit on each one, until you've got all the distributions you want
-packed up in this fashion.  Each distribution should go into its own
-subdirectory on the floppy, e.g.: a:\bin\bin.inf, a:\bin\bin.aa,
-a:\bin\bin.ab, ...
-
-IMPORTANT NOTE: The bin.inf file also needs to go on the first floppy
-of the bin set since it is read by the installation program in order
-to figure out how many additional pieces to look for when fetching and
-concatenating the distribution.  When putting distributions onto
-floppies, the <distname>.inf file MUST occupy the first floppy of each
-distribution set!  This is also covered in ABOUT.TXT
-
-Once you come to the Media screen of the install, select "Floppy" and
-you'll be prompted for the rest.
-
-
-1.3     Installing from a DOS partition
----     -------------------------------
-
-To prepare for installation from an MS-DOS partition you should simply
-copy the files from the distribution into a directory called
-"FREEBSD" on the Primary DOS partition ("Drive C:").  For example, to do
-a minimal installation of FreeBSD from DOS using files copied from the
-CDROM, you might do something like this:
-
-        C:\> MD C:\FREEBSD
-        C:\> XCOPY /S E:\BIN C:\FREEBSD\BIN
-
-Assuming that `E:' was where your CD was mounted.
-
-For as many `DISTS' as you wish to install from DOS (and you have free
-space for), install each one in a directory under `C:\FREEBSD' - the
-BIN dist is only the minimal requirement.
-
-Once you've copied the directories, you can simply launch the installation
-from floppies as normal and select "DOS" as your media type when the time
-comes.
-
-
-1.4     Installing from QIC/SCSI Tape
----     -----------------------------
-
-When installing from tape, the installation program expects the files
-to be simply tar'ed onto it, so after fetching all of the files for
-the distributions you're interested in, simply tar them onto the tape
-with a command something like this:
-
-        cd /where/you/have/your/dists
-        tar cvf /dev/rwt0 (or /dev/rsa0) dist1 .. dist2
-
-When you go to do the installation, you should also make sure that you
-leave enough room in some temporary directory (which you'll be allowed
-to choose) to accommodate the FULL contents of the tape you've
-created.  Due to the non-random access nature of tapes, this method of
-installation requires quite a bit of temporary storage!  You should
-expect to require as much temporary storage as you have stuff written
-on tape.
-
-SPECIAL NOTE: When going to do the installation, the tape must be in
-the drive *before* booting from the boot floppies.  The installation
-"probe" may otherwise fail to find it.
-
-Now create a boot floppy as described in section 0.1 and proceed with
-the installation.
-
-
-1.5     Installing over a network using FTP or NFS
----     ------------------------------------------
-
-After making the boot floppies as described in the first section, you can
-load the rest of the installation over a network using one of 3 types
-of connections:
-
-        Serial port:    SLIP / PPP
-        Parallel port:  PLIP (using ``laplink'' style cable)
-        Ethernet:       A standard Ethernet controller (including
-                        certain PCCARD devices).
-
-Serial Port
------------
-
-SLIP support is rather primitive, and is limited primarily to
-hard-wired links, such as a serial cable running between two
-computers.  The link must be hard-wired because the SLIP installation
-doesn't currently offer a dialing capability.  If you need to dial out
-with a modem or otherwise dialog with the link before connecting to
-it, then I recommend that the PPP utility be used instead.
-
-If you're using PPP, make sure that you have your Internet Service
-Provider's IP address and DNS information handy as you'll need to know
-it fairly early in the installation process.  You may also need to
-know your own IP address, though PPP supports dynamic address
-negotiation and may be able to pick up this information directly from
-your ISP if they support it.
-
-You will also need to know how to use the various "AT commands" for
-dialing out with your particular brand of modem as the PPP dialer
-provides only a very simple terminal emulator.
-
-
-Parallel Port
--------------
-
-If a hard-wired connection to another FreeBSD or Linux machine is
-available, you might also consider installing over a "laplink" style
-parallel port cable.  The data rate over the parallel port is much
-higher than what is typically possible over a serial line (up to
-50k/sec), thus resulting in a quicker installation.  It's not
-typically necessary to use "real" IP addresses when using a
-point-to-point parallel cable in this way and you can generally just
-use RFC 1918 style addresses for the ends of the link (e.g. 10.0.0.1,
-10.0.0.2, etc).
-
-IMPORTANT NOTE: If you use a Linux machine rather than a FreeBSD
-machine as your PLIP peer, you will also have to specify "link0" in
-the TCP/IP setup screen's ``extra options for ifconfig'' field in
-order to be compatible with Linux's slightly different PLIP protocol.
-
-
-Ethernet
---------
-
-FreeBSD supports most common PC Ethernet cards, a table of supported
-cards (and their required settings) being provided as part of the
-FreeBSD Hardware Guide (see the Documentation menu on the boot floppy
-or the top level directory of the CDROM).  If you are using one of the
-supported PCMCIA Ethernet cards, also be sure that it's plugged in
-_before_ the laptop is powered on!  FreeBSD does not, unfortunately,
-currently support "hot insertion" of PCMCIA cards during installation.
-
-You will also need to know your IP address on the network, the
-"netmask" value for your address class and the name of your machine.
-Your system administrator can tell you which values are appropriate to
-your particular network setup.  If you will be referring to other
-hosts by name rather than IP address, you'll also need a name server
-and possibly the address of a gateway (if you're using PPP, it's your
-provider's IP address) to use in talking to it.
-
-If you do not know the answers to these questions then you should
-really probably talk to your system administrator _first_ before
-trying this type of installation!  Using a randomly chosen IP address
-or netmask on a live network will almost certainly get you shot at
-dawn.
-
-Once you have a network connection of some sort working, the
-installation can continue over NFS or FTP.
-
-
-1.5.1   NFS installation tips
------   ---------------------
-
-        NFS installation is fairly straight-forward: Simply copy the
-        FreeBSD distribution files you want onto a server somewhere
-        and then point the NFS media selection at it.
-
-        If this server supports only "privileged port" access (as is
-        generally the default for Sun and Linux workstations), you
-        will need to set this option in the Options menu before
-        installation can proceed.
-
-        If you have a poor quality Ethernet card which suffers from very
-        slow transfer rates, you may also wish to toggle the appropriate
-        Options flag.
-
-        In order for NFS installation to work, the server must also support
-        "subdir mounts", e.g. if your FreeBSD distribution directory lives
-        on:  wiggy:/usr/archive/stuff/FreeBSD
-        Then wiggy will have to allow the direct mounting of
-        /usr/archive/stuff/FreeBSD, not just /usr or /usr/archive/stuff.
-
-        In FreeBSD's /etc/exports file this is controlled by the
-        ``-alldirs'' option.  Other NFS servers may have different
-        conventions.  If you are getting `Permission Denied' messages
-        from the server then it's likely that you don't have this
-        properly enabled!
-
-
-1.5.2   FTP Installation tips
------   ---------------------
-
-        FTP installation may be done from any mirror site containing a
-        reasonably up-to-date version of FreeBSD.  A full menu of
-        reasonable choices for almost any location in the world is
-        provided in the FTP site menu during installation.
-
-        If you are installing from some other FTP site not listed in
-        this menu, or you are having troubles getting your name server
-        configured properly, you can also specify your own URL by
-        selecting the ``URL'' choice in that menu.  A URL can
-        contain a hostname or an IP address, so the following would
-        work in the absence of a name server:
-
-                ftp://192.216.191.11/pub/FreeBSD
-
-        There are two FTP installation modes you can use:
-
-           o FTP:
-
-             For all FTP transfers, use the standard "Active" mode for
-             transfers.  This will not work through most firewalls but
-             will often work best with older ftp servers that do not
-             support passive mode.  If your connection hangs with
-             passive mode, try this one!
-
-           o FTP Passive:
-
-             For all FTP transfers, use "Passive" mode.  This allows
-             the user to pass through firewalls that do not allow
-             incoming connections on random port addresses.
-
-        NOTE: ACTIVE AND PASSIVE MODES ARE NOT THE SAME AS A `PROXY'
-        CONNECTIONS, WHERE A PROXY FTP SERVER IS LISTENING ON A
-        DIFFERENT PORT!
-
-        In such instances, you should specify the URL as something like:
-
-                ftp://foo.bar.com:1234/pub/FreeBSD
-
-        Where "1234" is the port number of the proxy ftp server.
-
-
-1.6     Tips for Serial Console Users
----     -----------------------------
-
-If you'd like to install FreeBSD on a machine using just a serial
-port (e.g. you don't have or wish to use a VGA card), please follow
-these steps.
-
-        1. Connect some sort of ANSI (vt100) compatible terminal or terminal
-           emulation program to the COM1 port of the PC you are installing
-           FreeBSD onto.
-
-        2. Unplug the keyboard (yes, that's correct!) and then try to boot
-           from floppy or the installation CDROM, depending on the type of
-           installation media you have, with the keyboard unplugged.
-
-        3. If you don't get any output on your serial console, plug
-           the keyboard in again and wait for some beeps.  If you are
-           booting from the CDROM, proceed to Step 5 as soon as you hear
-           the beep.
-
-        4. For a floppy boot, the first beep means to remove the
-           kern.flp floppy and insert the mfsroot.flp floppy, after
-           which you should press enter and wait for another beep.
-
-        5. Hit the space bar, then enter
-
-               boot -h
-
-           and you should now definitely be seeing everything on the
-           serial port.  If that still doesn't work, check your serial
-           cabling as well as the settings on your terminal emulation
-           program or actual terminal device.  It should be set for
-           9600 baud, 8 bits, no parity.
-
-
-2.0     DOS user's Question and Answer section
----     --------------------------------------
-
-2.1     Help!  I have no space!  Do I need to delete everything first?
----     --------------------------------------------------------------
-
-If your machine is already running DOS and has little or no free space
-available for FreeBSD's installation, all is not lost!  You may find
-the "FIPS" utility, provided in the tools/ subdirectory on the FreeBSD
-CDROM or on the various FreeBSD ftp sites, to be quite useful.
-
-FIPS allows you to split an existing DOS partition into two pieces,
-preserving the original partition and allowing you to install onto the
-second free piece.  You first "defrag" your DOS partition, using the
-DOS 6.xx "DEFRAG" utility or the Norton Disk tools, then run FIPS.  It
-will prompt you for the rest of the information it needs.  Afterwards,
-you can reboot and install FreeBSD on the new partition.  Also note
-that FIPS will create the second partition as a "clone" of the first,
-so you'll actually see that you now have two DOS Primary partitions
-where you formerly had one.  Don't be alarmed!  You can simply delete
-the extra DOS Primary partition (making sure it's the right one by
-examining its size! :)
-
-NOTE: FIPS does NOT currently work with FAT32 or VFAT style partitions
-as used by newer versions of Windows 95.  To split up such a partition,
-you will need a commercial product such as Partition Magic 3.0.  Sorry,
-but this is just the breaks if you've got a Windows partition hogging
-your whole disk and you don't want to reinstall from scratch.
-
-2.2     Can I use compressed DOS filesystems from FreeBSD?
----     --------------------------------------------------
-
-No.  If you are using a utility such as Stacker(tm) or
-DoubleSpace(tm), FreeBSD will only be able to use whatever portion of
-the filesystem you leave uncompressed.  The rest of the filesystem
-will show up as one large file (the stacked/dblspaced file!).  DO NOT
-REMOVE THAT FILE as you will probably regret it greatly!
-
-It is probably better to create another uncompressed DOS extended
-partition and use this for communications between DOS and FreeBSD if
-such is your desire.
-
-
-2.3     Can I mount my DOS extended partitions?
----     ---------------------------------------
-
-Yes. DOS extended partitions are mapped in at the end of the other
-``slices'' in FreeBSD, e.g. your D: drive might be /dev/sd0s5, your E:
-drive /dev/sd0s6, and so on. This example assumes, of course, that
-your extended partition is on SCSI drive 0. For IDE drives, substitute
-``wd'' for ``sd'' appropriately. You otherwise mount extended
-partitions exactly like you would mount any other DOS drive, e.g.:
-
-mount -t msdos /dev/sd0s5 /dos_d
-
-
-2.4     Can I run DOS binaries under FreeBSD?
----     -------------------------------------
-
-Ongoing work with BSDI's doscmd utility is bringing this much closer to
-being a reality in FreeBSD 3.0, though it still has some rough edges.
-If you're interested in working on this, please send mail to
-emulation@FreeBSD.org and indicate that you're interested in joining
-this ongoing effort!
-
-There is also a neat utility called "pcemu" in the ports collection
-which emulates an 8088 and enough BIOS services to run DOS text mode
-applications.  It requires the X Window System (XFree86) to operate.
-
----- End of Installation Guide ---