A special installation guide for the Alpha. Thanks, Doug! This is good!

Submitted by:	Doug Rabson <dfr@freebsd.org>

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++=====================  Installing FreeBSD  ==========================+
+|                                                                     |
+| Table of Contents:                                                  |
+|                                                                     |
+| 0.0     Quick Start:                                                |
+|         0.1     Installing FreeBSD from CDROM or the Internet.      |
+|                                                                     |
+| 1.0     Detail on various installation types:                       |
+|         1.1     Installing from a network CDROM                     |
+|         1.2     Installing from Floppies                            |
+|         1.3     Installing from QIC/SCSI tape                       |
+|         1.4     Installing over a network using NFS or FTP          |
+|                 1.4.1   NFS Installation tips                       |
+|                 1.4.2   FTP Installation tips                       |
+|                                                                     |
++=====================================================================+
+
+Author:         Jordan K. Hubbard
+Last updated:   Wed May 12 01:13:56 PDT 1999
+
+0.0     Quick Start
+---     -----------
+
+This manual documents the process of making a new installation of
+FreeBSD on your machine.  If you are upgrading from a previous
+release of FreeBSD, please see the file UPGRADE.TXT for important
+information on upgrading.  If you are not familiar with configuring
+PC hardware for FreeBSD, you should also read the HARDWARE.TXT file -
+it contains important information which may save you a lot of grief.
+
+If you're new to FreeBSD then you should also read EVERYTHING listed
+in the Documentation menu on the boot floppy.  It may seem like a lot
+to read, but the time you spend now reading the documents will be made
+up many times over because you were adequately prepared. Also, you will
+know the types of information available should you get stuck later.
+Once the system is installed, you can also revisit this menu and use a 
+WEB browser to read the installed FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions) and 
+Handbook HTML documentation sets for FreeBSD.  You can also use the 
+browser to visit other WEB sites on the net (like http://www.freebsd.org)
+if you have an Internet connection. See ABOUT.TXT for more information
+on the resources available to you.
+
+The best laid plans sometimes go awry, so if you run into trouble take a 
+look at TROUBLE.TXT which contains valuable troubleshooting information.
+
+DISCLAIMER: While FreeBSD does its best to safeguard against
+accidental loss of data, it's still more than possible to WIPE OUT
+YOUR ENTIRE DISK with this installation!  Please do not proceed to the
+final FreeBSD installation menu unless you've adequately backed up any
+important data first!  We really mean it!
+
+FreeBSD/alpha supports the following alpha platforms:
+
+	UDB, Multia, AXPpci33, Noname
+	EB164, PC164, PC164LX, PC164SX
+	EB64+, Aspen Alpine, etc.
+	AlphaStation 200, 250, 255, 400
+	AlphaStation 500, 600
+	Digital Personal Workstation 433, 500, 600
+	DEC3000/300 family (netboot only)
+	DEC3000/[4-9]00 family (netboot only)
+
+You will need a dedicated disk for FreeBSD/alpha. It is not possible
+to share a disk with another operating system at this time. This disk
+will need to be attached to a SCSI controller which is supported by
+the SRM firmware (currently NCR or SYMBIOS and Qlogic ISP are supported).
+
+You will need the SRM console firmware for your platform. In some
+cases, it is possible to switch between AlphaBIOS (or ARC) firmware
+and SRM. In others it will be necessary to download new firmware from
+
+	ftp.digital.com/pub/DEC/Alpha/firmware
+
+
+0.1     Installing FreeBSD from CDROM or the Internet
+---     ---------------------------------------------
+
+The easiest type of installation is from CD.  If you have a supported
+CDROM drive and a FreeBSD installation CD from Walnut Creek CDROM, you 
+can start the installation by building a set of FreeBSD boot floppy
+from the files floppies/kern.flp and floppies/mfsroot.flp using the
+instructions found in floppies/README.TXT. From the SRM console prompt 
+(>>>), just insert the kern.flp floppy and type the following command
+to start the installation:
+
+	>>>boot dva0
+
+Insert the mfsroot.flp floppy when prompted and you will end up at the 
+first screen of the install program.
+
+If you don't have a CDROM and would like to simply install over the
+net using PPP, slip or a dedicated connection, simply fetch the
+<FreeBSD-release>/floppies/kern.flp and mfsroot.flp files from:
+
+        ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD
+
+or one of its many mirrors (http://www.freebsd.org/handbook/mirrors.html)
+and follow step 3 above.  You should also read the floppies/README.TXT
+file as it contains important information for downloaders.
+
+Once you have a boot floppy made, please go to section 1.4 of this
+document for additional tips on installing via FTP or NFS.
+
+
+1.0     Detail on various installation types
+---     ------------------------------------
+
+Once you've gotten yourself to the initial installation screen
+somehow, you should be able to follow the various menu prompts and go
+from there.  If you've never used the FreeBSD installation before, you
+are also encouraged to read some of the documentation in the the
+Documentation submenu as well as the general "Usage" instructions on
+the first menu.
+
+   REMEMBER:  If you get stuck at a screen, hit F1 for the online
+   documentation for that section.
+
+If you've never installed FreeBSD before, or even if you have, the
+"Novice" installation mode is the most recommended since it makes sure
+that you'll visit all the various important checklist items along the
+way.  If you're much more comfortable with the FreeBSD installation
+process and know _exactly_ what you want to do, use the Express or
+Custom installation options.  If you're upgrading an existing system,
+use the Upgrade option.
+
+The FreeBSD installer supports the direct use of floppy, DOS, tape,
+CDROM, FTP, NFS and UFS partitions as installation media, further tips
+on installing from each type of media listed below.
+
+Once the install procedure has finished, you will be able to start
+FreeBSD/alpha by typeing something like this to the SRM prompt:
+
+	>>>boot dkc0
+
+This instructs the firmware to boot the specified disk. To find the
+SRM names of disks in your machine, use the show device command:
+
+	>>>show device
+	dka0.0.0.4.0               DKA0           TOSHIBA CD-ROM XM-57  3476
+	dkc0.0.0.1009.0            DKC0                       RZ1BB-BS  0658
+	dkc100.1.0.1009.0          DKC100             SEAGATE ST34501W  0015
+	dva0.0.0.0.1               DVA0
+	ewa0.0.0.3.0               EWA0              00-00-F8-75-6D-01
+	pkc0.7.0.1009.0            PKC0                  SCSI Bus ID 7  5.27
+	pqa0.0.0.4.0               PQA0                       PCI EIDE
+	pqb0.0.1.4.0               PQB0                       PCI EIDE
+
+
+This example is from a Digital Personal Workstation 433au and shows
+three disks attached to the machine. The first is a CDROM called dka0
+and the other two are disks and are called dkc0 and dkc100
+repectively.
+
+You can specify which kernel file to load and what boot options to use 
+with the -file and -flags options to boot, e.g.:
+
+	>>>boot -file kernel.old -flags s
+
+To make FreeBSD/alpha boot automatically, use these commands:
+
+	>>>set boot_osflags a
+	>>>set bootdef_dev dkc0
+	>>>set auto_action BOOT
+
+
+1.1     Installing from a network CDROM
+---     -------------------------------
+
+If you simply wish to install from a local CDROM drive then see the
+Quick Start section.  If you don't have a CDROM drive on your system
+and wish to use a FreeBSD distribution CD in the CDROM drive of
+another system to which you have network connectivity, there are
+several ways of going about it:
+
+1. If you would be able to FTP install FreeBSD directly from the CDROM
+   drive in some FreeBSD machine, it's quite easy: You simply add the
+   following line to the password file (using the vipw command):
+
+        ftp:*:99:99::0:0:FTP:/cdrom:/sbin/nologin
+
+And anyone else on your network will now be able to chose a Media type
+of FTP and type in: ``ftp://<machine with CDROM drive>'' after picking
+"Other" in the ftp sites menu.
+
+2. If you would rather use NFS to export the CDROM directly to the
+   machine(s) you'll be installing from, you need to first add an
+   entry to the /etc/exports file (on the machine with the CDROM drive)
+   which looks something like this:
+
+        /cdrom          -ro             ziggy.foo.com
+
+   To allow the machine "ziggy.foo.com" to mount the CDROM directly
+   via NFS during installation.  The machine with the CDROM must also
+   be configured as an NFS server, of course, and if you're not sure how
+   to do that then an NFS installation is probably not the best choice
+   for you unless you're willing to read up on rc.conf(5) and configure
+   things appropriately.  Assuming that this part goes smoothly, you
+   should be able to enter:  <cdrom-host>:/cdrom as the path for an NFS
+   installation when the target machine is installed.
+
+
+1.2     Installing from Floppies
+---     ------------------------
+
+If you must install from floppy disks, either due to unsupported
+hardware or just because you enjoy doing things the hard way, you must
+first prepare some floppies for the install.
+
+First, make a set of boot floppies as described in floppies/README.TXT.
+
+Second, read the file LAYOUT.TXT and pay special attention to the
+"Distribution format" section since it describes which files you're
+going to need to put onto floppy and which you can safely skip.
+
+Next you will need, at minimum, as many 1.44MB floppies as it takes to
+hold all files in the bin (binary distribution) directory.  If you're
+preparing these floppies under DOS, then THESE floppies *must* be
+formatted using the MS-DOS FORMAT command.  If you're using Windows,
+use the Windows File Manager format command.
+
+Don't trust Factory Preformatted floppies!  Format them again
+yourself, just to make sure.  Many problems reported by our users in
+the past have resulted from the use of improperly formatted media,
+which is why I'm taking such special care to mention it here!
+
+If you're creating the floppies from another FreeBSD machine, a format
+is still not a bad idea though you don't need to put a DOS filesystem
+on each floppy.  You can use the `disklabel' and `newfs' commands to
+put a UFS filesystem on a floppy, as the following sequence of
+commands illustrates:
+
+        fdformat -f 1440 fd0.1440
+        disklabel -w -r fd0.1440 floppy3
+        newfs -t 2 -u 18 -l 1 -i 65536 /dev/rfd0
+
+After you've formatted the floppies for DOS or UFS, you'll need to
+copy the files onto them.  The distribution files are split into
+chunks conveniently sized so that 5 of them will fit on a conventional
+1.44MB floppy.  Go through all your floppies, packing as many files as
+will fit on each one, until you've got all the distributions you want
+packed up in this fashion.  Each distribution should go into its own
+subdirectory on the floppy, e.g.: a:\bin\bin.inf, a:\bin\bin.aa,
+a:\bin\bin.ab, ...
+
+IMPORTANT NOTE: The bin.inf file also needs to go on the first floppy
+of the bin set since it is read by the installation program in order
+to figure out how many additional pieces to look for when fetching and
+concatenating the distribution.  When putting distributions onto
+floppies, the <distname>.inf file MUST occupy the first floppy of each
+distribution set!
+
+Once you come to the Media screen of the install, select "Floppy" and
+you'll be prompted for the rest.
+
+
+1.3     Installing from QIC/SCSI Tape
+---     -----------------------------
+
+When installing from tape, the installation program expects the files
+to be simply tar'ed onto it, so after fetching all of the files for
+the distributions you're interested in, simply tar them onto the tape
+with a command something like this:
+
+        cd /where/you/have/your/dists
+        tar cvf /dev/rwt0 (or /dev/rsa0) dist1 .. dist2
+
+When you go to do the installation, you should also make sure that you
+leave enough room in some temporary directory (which you'll be allowed
+to choose) to accommodate the FULL contents of the tape you've
+created.  Due to the non-random access nature of tapes, this method of
+installation requires quite a bit of temporary storage!  You should
+expect to require as much temporary storage as you have stuff written
+on tape.
+
+SPECIAL NOTE: When going to do the installation, the tape must be in
+the drive *before* booting from the boot floppy.  The installation
+"probe" may otherwise fail to find it.
+
+Now create a boot floppy as described in section 0.1 and proceed with
+the installation.
+
+
+1.4     Installing over a network using FTP or NFS
+---     ------------------------------------------
+
+After making a boot floppy as described in the first section, you can
+load the rest of the installation over a network using one of 3 types
+of connections:
+
+        Serial port:    SLIP / PPP
+        Parallel port:  PLIP (using ``laplink'' style cable)
+        Ethernet:       A standard Ethernet controller (including
+                        certain PCCARD devices).
+
+Serial Port
+-----------
+
+SLIP support is rather primitive, and is limited primarily to
+hard-wired links, such as a serial cable running between two
+computers.  The link must be hard-wired because the SLIP installation
+doesn't currently offer a dialing capability.  If you need to dial out
+with a modem or otherwise dialog with the link before connecting to
+it, then I recommend that the PPP utility be used instead.
+
+If you're using PPP, make sure that you have your Internet Service
+Provider's IP address and DNS information handy as you'll need to know
+it fairly early in the installation process.  You may also need to
+know your own IP address, though PPP supports dynamic address
+negotiation and may be able to pick up this information directly from
+your ISP if they support it.
+
+You will also need to know how to use the various "AT commands" for
+dialing out with your particular brand of modem as the PPP dialer
+provides only a very simple terminal emulator.
+
+
+Parallel Port
+-------------
+
+If a hard-wired connection to another FreeBSD or Linux machine is
+available, you might also consider installing over a "laplink"
+style parallel port cable.  The data rate over the parallel port
+is much higher than what is typically possible over a serial line
+(up to 50k/sec), thus resulting in a quicker installation.  It's not
+typically necessary to use "real" IP addresses when using a
+point-to-point parallel cable in this way and you can generally just
+use RFC 1918 style addresses for the ends of the link (e.g. 10.0.0.1,
+10.0.0.2, etc).
+
+IMPORTANT NOTE: If you use a Linux machine rather than a FreeBSD
+machine as your PLIP peer, you will also have to specify "link0" in
+the TCP/IP setup screen's ``extra options for ifconfig'' field.
+
+
+Ethernet
+--------
+
+FreeBSD supports most common PC Ethernet cards, a table of supported
+cards (and their required settings) being provided as part of the
+FreeBSD Hardware Guide (see the Documentation menu on the boot floppy
+or the top level directory of the CDROM).  If you are using one of the
+supported PCMCIA Ethernet cards, also be sure that it's plugged in
+BEFORE the laptop is powered on!  FreeBSD does not, unfortunately,
+currently support "hot insertion" of PCMCIA cards during installation.
+
+You will also need to know your IP address on the network, the
+"netmask" value for your address class and the name of your machine.
+Your system administrator can tell you which values are appropriate to
+your particular network setup.  If you will be referring to other
+hosts by name rather than IP address, you'll also need a name server
+and possibly the address of a gateway (if you're using PPP, it's your
+provider's IP address) to use in talking to it.
+
+If you do not know the answers to these questions then you should
+really probably talk to your system administrator _first_ before
+trying this type of installation!  Using a randomly chosen IP address
+or netmask on a live network will almost certainly get you shot at
+dawn.
+
+Once you have a network connection of some sort working, the
+installation can continue over NFS or FTP.
+
+
+1.4.1   NFS installation tips
+-----   ---------------------
+
+        NFS installation is fairly straight-forward: Simply copy the
+        FreeBSD distribution files you want onto a server somewhere
+        and then point the NFS media selection at it.
+
+        If this server supports only "privileged port" access (as is
+        generally the default for Sun and Linux workstations), you
+        will need to set this option in the Options menu before
+        installation can proceed.
+
+        If you have a poor quality Ethernet card which suffers from very
+        slow transfer rates, you may also wish to toggle the appropriate
+        Options flag.
+
+        In order for NFS installation to work, the server must also support
+        "subdir mounts", e.g. if your FreeBSD 2.2 distribution directory
+        lives on:  ziggy:/usr/archive/stuff/FreeBSD
+        Then ziggy will have to allow the direct mounting of
+        /usr/archive/stuff/FreeBSD, not just /usr or /usr/archive/stuff.
+
+        In FreeBSD's /etc/exports file this is controlled by the
+        ``-alldirs'' option.  Other NFS servers may have different
+        conventions.  If you are getting `Permission Denied' messages
+        from the server then it's likely that you don't have this
+        properly enabled!
+
+
+1.4.2   FTP Installation tips
+-----   ---------------------
+
+        FTP installation may be done from any mirror site containing a
+        reasonably up-to-date version of FreeBSD.  A full menu of
+        reasonable choices for almost any location in the world is
+        provided in the FTP site menu during installation.
+
+        If you are installing from some other FTP site not listed in
+        this menu, or you are having troubles getting your name server
+        configured properly, you can also specify your own URL by
+        selecting the ``Other'' choice in that menu.  A URL can
+        contain a hostname or an IP address, so the following would
+        work in the absence of a name server:
+
+                ftp://192.216.191.11/pub/FreeBSD/3.2-RELEASE
+
+        There are two FTP installation modes you can use:
+
+           o FTP:
+
+             For all FTP transfers, use the standard "Active" mode for
+             transfers.  This will not work through most firewalls but
+             will often work best with older ftp servers that do not
+             support passive mode.  If your connection hangs with
+             passive mode, try this one!
+
+           o FTP Passive:
+
+             For all FTP transfers, use "Passive" mode.  This allows
+             the user to pass through firewalls that do not allow
+             incoming connections on random port addresses.
+
+        NOTE: ACTIVE AND PASSIVE MODES ARE NOT THE SAME AS A `PROXY'
+        CONNECTIONS, WHERE A PROXY FTP SERVER IS LISTENING ON A
+        DIFFERENT PORT!
+
+        In such instances, you should specify the URL as something like:
+
+                ftp://foo.bar.com:1234/pub/FreeBSD
+
+        Where "1234" is the port number of the proxy ftp server.
+
+
+---- End of Installation Guide ---