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author | jkh <jkh@FreeBSD.org> | 1999-05-12 08:17:56 +0000 |
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committer | jkh <jkh@FreeBSD.org> | 1999-05-12 08:17:56 +0000 |
commit | 817dbc4a1083e752121fea8794382c79ec9a796a (patch) | |
tree | dced729983c9c3d46818ba3b8d3819706f94226b /release/texts | |
parent | 65182eefbaab8b57074c847959d10f3223955ce5 (diff) | |
download | FreeBSD-src-817dbc4a1083e752121fea8794382c79ec9a796a.zip FreeBSD-src-817dbc4a1083e752121fea8794382c79ec9a796a.tar.gz |
Punt! This file is now architecture specific.
Diffstat (limited to 'release/texts')
-rw-r--r-- | release/texts/INSTALL.TXT | 529 |
1 files changed, 0 insertions, 529 deletions
diff --git a/release/texts/INSTALL.TXT b/release/texts/INSTALL.TXT deleted file mode 100644 index 64504a5..0000000 --- a/release/texts/INSTALL.TXT +++ /dev/null @@ -1,529 +0,0 @@ -+===================== Installing FreeBSD ==========================+ -| | -| Table of Contents: | -| | -| 0.0 Quick Start: | -| 0.1 Installing FreeBSD from CDROM or the Internet. | -| | -| 1.0 Detail on various installation types: | -| 1.1 Installing from a network CDROM | -| 1.2 Installing from Floppies | -| 1.3 Installing from a DOS partition | -| 1.4 Installing from QIC/SCSI tape | -| 1.5 Installing over a network using NFS or FTP | -| 1.5.1 NFS Installation tips | -| 1.5.2 FTP Installation tips | -| 1.6 Tips for Serial COnsole Users | -| | -| 2.0 DOS User's Q&A section. | -| 2.1 How do I make space for FreeBSD? | -| 2.2 Can I use compressed DOS filesystems from FreeBSD? | -| 2.3 Can I use DOS extended partitions? | -| 2.4 Can I run DOS executables under FreeBSD? | -| | -+=====================================================================+ - -Author: Jordan K. Hubbard -Last updated: Tue May 4 16:05:41 PST 1999 - -0.0 Quick Start ---- ----------- - -This manual documents the process of making a new installation of -FreeBSD on your machine. If you are upgrading from a previous -release of FreeBSD, please see the file UPGRADE.TXT for important -information on upgrading. If you are not familiar with configuring -PC hardware for FreeBSD, you should also read the HARDWARE.TXT file - -it contains important information which may save you a lot of grief. - -If you're new to FreeBSD then you should also read EVERYTHING listed -in the Documentation menu of the installer. It may seem like a lot -to read, but the time you spend now reading the documents will be made -up many times over because you were adequately prepared. Also, you will -know the types of information available should you get stuck later. -Once the system is installed, you can also revisit this menu and use a -WEB browser to read the installed FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions) and -Handbook HTML documentation sets for FreeBSD. You can also use the -browser to visit other WEB sites on the net (like http://www.freebsd.org) -if you have an Internet connection. See ABOUT.TXT for more information -on the resources available to you. - -The best laid plans sometimes go awry, so if you run into trouble take a -look at TROUBLE.TXT which contains valuable troubleshooting information. -You should also read ERRATA.TXT before installing and follow the pointers -there carefully since this will stop you from falling over any problems -which have reported in the interim for your particular release. - -DISCLAIMER: While FreeBSD does its best to safeguard against -accidental loss of data, it's still more than possible to WIPE OUT -YOUR ENTIRE DISK with this installation if you make a mistake! Please -do not proceed to the final FreeBSD installation menu unless you've -adequately backed up any important data first! We really mean it! - -FreeBSD requires a 386 or better processor to run (sorry, there is no -support for '286 processors) and at least 5 megs of RAM to install -and 4 megs of RAM to run. You will need at least 100MB of free hard -drive space for the most minimal installation. See below for ways of -shrinking existing DOS partitions in order to install FreeBSD. - - -0.1 Installing FreeBSD from CDROM or the Internet ---- --------------------------------------------- - -The easiest type of installation is from CD. If you have a supported -CDROM drive and a FreeBSD installation CD from Walnut Creek CDROM, -there are 2 ways of starting the installation from it: - - 1. If your system supports bootable CDROM media (usually an option - which can be selectively enabled in the controller's setup menu - or in the PC BIOS for some systems) and you have it enabled, - FreeBSD supports the "El Torrito" bootable CD standard. Simply - put the installation CD in your CDROM drive and boot the system - to begin installation. - - 2. Build a set of FreeBSD boot floppies from the floppies/ - directory in every FreeBSD distribution. Either simply use the - ``makeflp.bat'' script from DOS or read floppies/README.TXT - for more information on creating the bootable floppies under - different operating systems. Then you simply boot from the - first floppy and you should soon be in the FreeBSD installation. - -If you don't have a CDROM and would like to simply install over the -net using PPP, slip or a dedicated connection, simply fetch the -<FreeBSD-release>/floppies/boot.flp file from: - - ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD - -or one of its many mirrors (http://www.freebsd.org/handbook/mirrors.html) -and follow step 3 above. You should also read the floppies/README.TXT -file as it contains important information for downloaders. - -Once you have your boot floppies made, please go to section 1.5 of this -document for additional tips on installing via FTP or NFS. - - -1.0 Detail on various installation types ---- ------------------------------------ - -Once you've gotten yourself to the initial installation screen somehow, -you should be able to follow the various menu prompts and go from there. -If you've never used the FreeBSD installation before, you are also -encouraged to read some of the documentation in the the Documentation -submenu as well as the general "Usage" instructions on the first menu. - - NOTE: If you get stuck at a screen, hit the F1 key for online - documentation relevant to that specific section. - -If you've never installed FreeBSD before, or even if you have, the -"Novice" installation mode is the most recommended since it makes sure -that you'll visit all the various important checklist items along the -way. If you're much more comfortable with the FreeBSD installation -process and know _exactly_ what you want to do, use the Express or -Custom installation options. If you're upgrading an existing system, -use the Upgrade option. - -The FreeBSD installer supports the direct use of floppy, DOS, tape, -CDROM, FTP, NFS and UFS partitions as installation media, further tips -on installing from each type of media listed below. - - -1.1 Installing from a network CDROM ---- ------------------------------- - -If you simply wish to install from a local CDROM drive then see the -Quick Start section. If you don't have a CDROM drive on your system -and wish to use a FreeBSD distribution CD in the CDROM drive of -another system to which you have network connectivity, there are also -several ways of going about it: - -1. If you would be able to FTP install FreeBSD directly from the CDROM - drive in some FreeBSD machine, it's quite easy: You simply add the - following line to the password file (using the vipw command): - - ftp:*:99:99::0:0:FTP:/cdrom:/sbin/nologin - - And anyone else on your network will now be able to chose a Media - type of FTP and type in: ``ftp://<machine with CDROM drive>'' after - picking "URL" in the ftp sites menu. - -2. If you would rather use NFS to export the CDROM directly to the - machine(s) you'll be installing from, you need to first add an - entry to the /etc/exports file (on the machine with the CDROM drive) - which looks something like this: - - /cdrom -ro ziggy.foo.com - - To allow the machine "ziggy.foo.com" to mount the CDROM directly - via NFS during installation. The machine with the CDROM must also - be configured as an NFS server, of course, and if you're not sure how - to do that then an NFS installation is probably not the best choice - for you unless you're willing to read up on rc.conf(5) and configure - things appropriately. Assuming that this part goes smoothly, you - should be able to enter: cdrom-host:/cdrom as the path for an NFS - installation when the target machine is installed, e.g. wiggy:/cdrom - - -1.2 Installing from Floppies ---- ------------------------ - -If you must install from floppy disks, either due to unsupported -hardware or just because you enjoy doing things the hard way, you must -first prepare some floppies for the install. - -First, make your boot floppies as described in floppies/README.TXT - -Second, read the file LAYOUT.TXT and pay special attention to the -"Distribution format" section since it describes which files you're -going to need to put onto floppy and which you can safely skip. - -Next you will need, at minimum, as many 1.44MB floppies as it takes to -hold all files in the bin (binary distribution) directory. If you're -preparing these floppies under DOS, then THESE floppies *must* be -formatted using the MS-DOS FORMAT command. If you're using Windows, -use the Windows File Manager format command. - -Don't trust Factory Preformatted floppies! Format them again -yourself, just to make sure. Many problems reported by our users in -the past have resulted from the use of improperly formatted media, -which is why I'm taking such special care to mention it here! - -If you're creating the floppies from another FreeBSD machine, a format -is still not a bad idea though you don't need to put a DOS filesystem -on each floppy. You can use the `disklabel' and `newfs' commands to -put a UFS filesystem on a floppy, as the following sequence of -commands illustrates: - - fdformat -f 1440 fd0.1440 - disklabel -w -r fd0.1440 floppy3 - newfs -t 2 -u 18 -l 1 -i 65536 /dev/rfd0 - -After you've formatted the floppies for DOS or UFS, you'll need to -copy the files onto them. The distribution files are split into -chunks conveniently sized so that 5 of them will fit on a conventional -1.44MB floppy. Go through all your floppies, packing as many files as -will fit on each one, until you've got all the distributions you want -packed up in this fashion. Each distribution should go into its own -subdirectory on the floppy, e.g.: a:\bin\bin.inf, a:\bin\bin.aa, -a:\bin\bin.ab, ... - -IMPORTANT NOTE: The bin.inf file also needs to go on the first floppy -of the bin set since it is read by the installation program in order -to figure out how many additional pieces to look for when fetching and -concatenating the distribution. When putting distributions onto -floppies, the <distname>.inf file MUST occupy the first floppy of each -distribution set! This is also covered in ABOUT.TXT - -Once you come to the Media screen of the install, select "Floppy" and -you'll be prompted for the rest. - - -1.3 Installing from a DOS partition ---- ------------------------------- - -To prepare for installation from an MS-DOS partition you should simply -copy the files from the distribution into a directory called -"FREEBSD" on the Primary DOS partition ("Drive C:"). For example, to do -a minimal installation of FreeBSD from DOS using files copied from the -CDROM, you might do something like this: - - C:\> MD C:\FREEBSD - C:\> XCOPY /S E:\BIN C:\FREEBSD\BIN - -Assuming that `E:' was where your CD was mounted. - -For as many `DISTS' as you wish to install from DOS (and you have free -space for), install each one in a directory under `C:\FREEBSD' - the -BIN dist is only the minimal requirement. - -Once you've copied the directories, you can simply launch the installation -from floppies as normal and select "DOS" as your media type when the time -comes. - - -1.4 Installing from QIC/SCSI Tape ---- ----------------------------- - -When installing from tape, the installation program expects the files -to be simply tar'ed onto it, so after fetching all of the files for -the distributions you're interested in, simply tar them onto the tape -with a command something like this: - - cd /where/you/have/your/dists - tar cvf /dev/rwt0 (or /dev/rsa0) dist1 .. dist2 - -When you go to do the installation, you should also make sure that you -leave enough room in some temporary directory (which you'll be allowed -to choose) to accommodate the FULL contents of the tape you've -created. Due to the non-random access nature of tapes, this method of -installation requires quite a bit of temporary storage! You should -expect to require as much temporary storage as you have stuff written -on tape. - -SPECIAL NOTE: When going to do the installation, the tape must be in -the drive *before* booting from the boot floppies. The installation -"probe" may otherwise fail to find it. - -Now create a boot floppy as described in section 0.1 and proceed with -the installation. - - -1.5 Installing over a network using FTP or NFS ---- ------------------------------------------ - -After making the boot floppies as described in the first section, you can -load the rest of the installation over a network using one of 3 types -of connections: - - Serial port: SLIP / PPP - Parallel port: PLIP (using ``laplink'' style cable) - Ethernet: A standard Ethernet controller (including - certain PCCARD devices). - -Serial Port ------------ - -SLIP support is rather primitive, and is limited primarily to -hard-wired links, such as a serial cable running between two -computers. The link must be hard-wired because the SLIP installation -doesn't currently offer a dialing capability. If you need to dial out -with a modem or otherwise dialog with the link before connecting to -it, then I recommend that the PPP utility be used instead. - -If you're using PPP, make sure that you have your Internet Service -Provider's IP address and DNS information handy as you'll need to know -it fairly early in the installation process. You may also need to -know your own IP address, though PPP supports dynamic address -negotiation and may be able to pick up this information directly from -your ISP if they support it. - -You will also need to know how to use the various "AT commands" for -dialing out with your particular brand of modem as the PPP dialer -provides only a very simple terminal emulator. - - -Parallel Port -------------- - -If a hard-wired connection to another FreeBSD or Linux machine is -available, you might also consider installing over a "laplink" style -parallel port cable. The data rate over the parallel port is much -higher than what is typically possible over a serial line (up to -50k/sec), thus resulting in a quicker installation. It's not -typically necessary to use "real" IP addresses when using a -point-to-point parallel cable in this way and you can generally just -use RFC 1918 style addresses for the ends of the link (e.g. 10.0.0.1, -10.0.0.2, etc). - -IMPORTANT NOTE: If you use a Linux machine rather than a FreeBSD -machine as your PLIP peer, you will also have to specify "link0" in -the TCP/IP setup screen's ``extra options for ifconfig'' field in -order to be compatible with Linux's slightly different PLIP protocol. - - -Ethernet --------- - -FreeBSD supports most common PC Ethernet cards, a table of supported -cards (and their required settings) being provided as part of the -FreeBSD Hardware Guide (see the Documentation menu on the boot floppy -or the top level directory of the CDROM). If you are using one of the -supported PCMCIA Ethernet cards, also be sure that it's plugged in -_before_ the laptop is powered on! FreeBSD does not, unfortunately, -currently support "hot insertion" of PCMCIA cards during installation. - -You will also need to know your IP address on the network, the -"netmask" value for your address class and the name of your machine. -Your system administrator can tell you which values are appropriate to -your particular network setup. If you will be referring to other -hosts by name rather than IP address, you'll also need a name server -and possibly the address of a gateway (if you're using PPP, it's your -provider's IP address) to use in talking to it. - -If you do not know the answers to these questions then you should -really probably talk to your system administrator _first_ before -trying this type of installation! Using a randomly chosen IP address -or netmask on a live network will almost certainly get you shot at -dawn. - -Once you have a network connection of some sort working, the -installation can continue over NFS or FTP. - - -1.5.1 NFS installation tips ------ --------------------- - - NFS installation is fairly straight-forward: Simply copy the - FreeBSD distribution files you want onto a server somewhere - and then point the NFS media selection at it. - - If this server supports only "privileged port" access (as is - generally the default for Sun and Linux workstations), you - will need to set this option in the Options menu before - installation can proceed. - - If you have a poor quality Ethernet card which suffers from very - slow transfer rates, you may also wish to toggle the appropriate - Options flag. - - In order for NFS installation to work, the server must also support - "subdir mounts", e.g. if your FreeBSD distribution directory lives - on: wiggy:/usr/archive/stuff/FreeBSD - Then wiggy will have to allow the direct mounting of - /usr/archive/stuff/FreeBSD, not just /usr or /usr/archive/stuff. - - In FreeBSD's /etc/exports file this is controlled by the - ``-alldirs'' option. Other NFS servers may have different - conventions. If you are getting `Permission Denied' messages - from the server then it's likely that you don't have this - properly enabled! - - -1.5.2 FTP Installation tips ------ --------------------- - - FTP installation may be done from any mirror site containing a - reasonably up-to-date version of FreeBSD. A full menu of - reasonable choices for almost any location in the world is - provided in the FTP site menu during installation. - - If you are installing from some other FTP site not listed in - this menu, or you are having troubles getting your name server - configured properly, you can also specify your own URL by - selecting the ``URL'' choice in that menu. A URL can - contain a hostname or an IP address, so the following would - work in the absence of a name server: - - ftp://192.216.191.11/pub/FreeBSD - - There are two FTP installation modes you can use: - - o FTP: - - For all FTP transfers, use the standard "Active" mode for - transfers. This will not work through most firewalls but - will often work best with older ftp servers that do not - support passive mode. If your connection hangs with - passive mode, try this one! - - o FTP Passive: - - For all FTP transfers, use "Passive" mode. This allows - the user to pass through firewalls that do not allow - incoming connections on random port addresses. - - NOTE: ACTIVE AND PASSIVE MODES ARE NOT THE SAME AS A `PROXY' - CONNECTIONS, WHERE A PROXY FTP SERVER IS LISTENING ON A - DIFFERENT PORT! - - In such instances, you should specify the URL as something like: - - ftp://foo.bar.com:1234/pub/FreeBSD - - Where "1234" is the port number of the proxy ftp server. - - -1.6 Tips for Serial Console Users ---- ----------------------------- - -If you'd like to install FreeBSD on a machine using just a serial -port (e.g. you don't have or wish to use a VGA card), please follow -these steps. - - 1. Connect some sort of ANSI (vt100) compatible terminal or terminal - emulation program to the COM1 port of the PC you are installing - FreeBSD onto. - - 2. Unplug the keyboard (yes, that's correct!) and then try to boot - from floppy or the installation CDROM, depending on the type of - installation media you have, with the keyboard unplugged. - - 3. If you don't get any output on your serial console, plug - the keyboard in again and wait for some beeps. If you are - booting from the CDROM, proceed to Step 5 as soon as you hear - the beep. - - 4. For a floppy boot, the first beep means to remove the - kern.flp floppy and insert the mfsroot.flp floppy, after - which you should press enter and wait for another beep. - - 5. Hit the space bar, then enter - - boot -h - - and you should now definitely be seeing everything on the - serial port. If that still doesn't work, check your serial - cabling as well as the settings on your terminal emulation - program or actual terminal device. It should be set for - 9600 baud, 8 bits, no parity. - - -2.0 DOS user's Question and Answer section ---- -------------------------------------- - -2.1 Help! I have no space! Do I need to delete everything first? ---- -------------------------------------------------------------- - -If your machine is already running DOS and has little or no free space -available for FreeBSD's installation, all is not lost! You may find -the "FIPS" utility, provided in the tools/ subdirectory on the FreeBSD -CDROM or on the various FreeBSD ftp sites, to be quite useful. - -FIPS allows you to split an existing DOS partition into two pieces, -preserving the original partition and allowing you to install onto the -second free piece. You first "defrag" your DOS partition, using the -DOS 6.xx "DEFRAG" utility or the Norton Disk tools, then run FIPS. It -will prompt you for the rest of the information it needs. Afterwards, -you can reboot and install FreeBSD on the new partition. Also note -that FIPS will create the second partition as a "clone" of the first, -so you'll actually see that you now have two DOS Primary partitions -where you formerly had one. Don't be alarmed! You can simply delete -the extra DOS Primary partition (making sure it's the right one by -examining its size! :) - -NOTE: FIPS does NOT currently work with FAT32 or VFAT style partitions -as used by newer versions of Windows 95. To split up such a partition, -you will need a commercial product such as Partition Magic 3.0. Sorry, -but this is just the breaks if you've got a Windows partition hogging -your whole disk and you don't want to reinstall from scratch. - -2.2 Can I use compressed DOS filesystems from FreeBSD? ---- -------------------------------------------------- - -No. If you are using a utility such as Stacker(tm) or -DoubleSpace(tm), FreeBSD will only be able to use whatever portion of -the filesystem you leave uncompressed. The rest of the filesystem -will show up as one large file (the stacked/dblspaced file!). DO NOT -REMOVE THAT FILE as you will probably regret it greatly! - -It is probably better to create another uncompressed DOS extended -partition and use this for communications between DOS and FreeBSD if -such is your desire. - - -2.3 Can I mount my DOS extended partitions? ---- --------------------------------------- - -Yes. DOS extended partitions are mapped in at the end of the other -``slices'' in FreeBSD, e.g. your D: drive might be /dev/sd0s5, your E: -drive /dev/sd0s6, and so on. This example assumes, of course, that -your extended partition is on SCSI drive 0. For IDE drives, substitute -``wd'' for ``sd'' appropriately. You otherwise mount extended -partitions exactly like you would mount any other DOS drive, e.g.: - -mount -t msdos /dev/sd0s5 /dos_d - - -2.4 Can I run DOS binaries under FreeBSD? ---- ------------------------------------- - -Ongoing work with BSDI's doscmd utility is bringing this much closer to -being a reality in FreeBSD 3.0, though it still has some rough edges. -If you're interested in working on this, please send mail to -emulation@FreeBSD.org and indicate that you're interested in joining -this ongoing effort! - -There is also a neat utility called "pcemu" in the ports collection -which emulates an 8088 and enough BIOS services to run DOS text mode -applications. It requires the X Window System (XFree86) to operate. - ----- End of Installation Guide --- |