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author | jkh <jkh@FreeBSD.org> | 1999-05-12 08:17:03 +0000 |
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committer | jkh <jkh@FreeBSD.org> | 1999-05-12 08:17:03 +0000 |
commit | 65182eefbaab8b57074c847959d10f3223955ce5 (patch) | |
tree | fd0d18e2028ea3d1f163eba410c7a3fcca8308c2 /release/texts | |
parent | ccf8a1e691145102b980a793e2d32779b1921237 (diff) | |
download | FreeBSD-src-65182eefbaab8b57074c847959d10f3223955ce5.zip FreeBSD-src-65182eefbaab8b57074c847959d10f3223955ce5.tar.gz |
A special installation guide for the Alpha. Thanks, Doug! This is good!
Submitted by: Doug Rabson <dfr@freebsd.org>
Diffstat (limited to 'release/texts')
-rw-r--r-- | release/texts/alpha/INSTALL.TXT | 437 |
1 files changed, 437 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/release/texts/alpha/INSTALL.TXT b/release/texts/alpha/INSTALL.TXT new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0815cab --- /dev/null +++ b/release/texts/alpha/INSTALL.TXT @@ -0,0 +1,437 @@ ++===================== Installing FreeBSD ==========================+ +| | +| Table of Contents: | +| | +| 0.0 Quick Start: | +| 0.1 Installing FreeBSD from CDROM or the Internet. | +| | +| 1.0 Detail on various installation types: | +| 1.1 Installing from a network CDROM | +| 1.2 Installing from Floppies | +| 1.3 Installing from QIC/SCSI tape | +| 1.4 Installing over a network using NFS or FTP | +| 1.4.1 NFS Installation tips | +| 1.4.2 FTP Installation tips | +| | ++=====================================================================+ + +Author: Jordan K. Hubbard +Last updated: Wed May 12 01:13:56 PDT 1999 + +0.0 Quick Start +--- ----------- + +This manual documents the process of making a new installation of +FreeBSD on your machine. If you are upgrading from a previous +release of FreeBSD, please see the file UPGRADE.TXT for important +information on upgrading. If you are not familiar with configuring +PC hardware for FreeBSD, you should also read the HARDWARE.TXT file - +it contains important information which may save you a lot of grief. + +If you're new to FreeBSD then you should also read EVERYTHING listed +in the Documentation menu on the boot floppy. It may seem like a lot +to read, but the time you spend now reading the documents will be made +up many times over because you were adequately prepared. Also, you will +know the types of information available should you get stuck later. +Once the system is installed, you can also revisit this menu and use a +WEB browser to read the installed FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions) and +Handbook HTML documentation sets for FreeBSD. You can also use the +browser to visit other WEB sites on the net (like http://www.freebsd.org) +if you have an Internet connection. See ABOUT.TXT for more information +on the resources available to you. + +The best laid plans sometimes go awry, so if you run into trouble take a +look at TROUBLE.TXT which contains valuable troubleshooting information. + +DISCLAIMER: While FreeBSD does its best to safeguard against +accidental loss of data, it's still more than possible to WIPE OUT +YOUR ENTIRE DISK with this installation! Please do not proceed to the +final FreeBSD installation menu unless you've adequately backed up any +important data first! We really mean it! + +FreeBSD/alpha supports the following alpha platforms: + + UDB, Multia, AXPpci33, Noname + EB164, PC164, PC164LX, PC164SX + EB64+, Aspen Alpine, etc. + AlphaStation 200, 250, 255, 400 + AlphaStation 500, 600 + Digital Personal Workstation 433, 500, 600 + DEC3000/300 family (netboot only) + DEC3000/[4-9]00 family (netboot only) + +You will need a dedicated disk for FreeBSD/alpha. It is not possible +to share a disk with another operating system at this time. This disk +will need to be attached to a SCSI controller which is supported by +the SRM firmware (currently NCR or SYMBIOS and Qlogic ISP are supported). + +You will need the SRM console firmware for your platform. In some +cases, it is possible to switch between AlphaBIOS (or ARC) firmware +and SRM. In others it will be necessary to download new firmware from + + ftp.digital.com/pub/DEC/Alpha/firmware + + +0.1 Installing FreeBSD from CDROM or the Internet +--- --------------------------------------------- + +The easiest type of installation is from CD. If you have a supported +CDROM drive and a FreeBSD installation CD from Walnut Creek CDROM, you +can start the installation by building a set of FreeBSD boot floppy +from the files floppies/kern.flp and floppies/mfsroot.flp using the +instructions found in floppies/README.TXT. From the SRM console prompt +(>>>), just insert the kern.flp floppy and type the following command +to start the installation: + + >>>boot dva0 + +Insert the mfsroot.flp floppy when prompted and you will end up at the +first screen of the install program. + +If you don't have a CDROM and would like to simply install over the +net using PPP, slip or a dedicated connection, simply fetch the +<FreeBSD-release>/floppies/kern.flp and mfsroot.flp files from: + + ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD + +or one of its many mirrors (http://www.freebsd.org/handbook/mirrors.html) +and follow step 3 above. You should also read the floppies/README.TXT +file as it contains important information for downloaders. + +Once you have a boot floppy made, please go to section 1.4 of this +document for additional tips on installing via FTP or NFS. + + +1.0 Detail on various installation types +--- ------------------------------------ + +Once you've gotten yourself to the initial installation screen +somehow, you should be able to follow the various menu prompts and go +from there. If you've never used the FreeBSD installation before, you +are also encouraged to read some of the documentation in the the +Documentation submenu as well as the general "Usage" instructions on +the first menu. + + REMEMBER: If you get stuck at a screen, hit F1 for the online + documentation for that section. + +If you've never installed FreeBSD before, or even if you have, the +"Novice" installation mode is the most recommended since it makes sure +that you'll visit all the various important checklist items along the +way. If you're much more comfortable with the FreeBSD installation +process and know _exactly_ what you want to do, use the Express or +Custom installation options. If you're upgrading an existing system, +use the Upgrade option. + +The FreeBSD installer supports the direct use of floppy, DOS, tape, +CDROM, FTP, NFS and UFS partitions as installation media, further tips +on installing from each type of media listed below. + +Once the install procedure has finished, you will be able to start +FreeBSD/alpha by typeing something like this to the SRM prompt: + + >>>boot dkc0 + +This instructs the firmware to boot the specified disk. To find the +SRM names of disks in your machine, use the show device command: + + >>>show device + dka0.0.0.4.0 DKA0 TOSHIBA CD-ROM XM-57 3476 + dkc0.0.0.1009.0 DKC0 RZ1BB-BS 0658 + dkc100.1.0.1009.0 DKC100 SEAGATE ST34501W 0015 + dva0.0.0.0.1 DVA0 + ewa0.0.0.3.0 EWA0 00-00-F8-75-6D-01 + pkc0.7.0.1009.0 PKC0 SCSI Bus ID 7 5.27 + pqa0.0.0.4.0 PQA0 PCI EIDE + pqb0.0.1.4.0 PQB0 PCI EIDE + + +This example is from a Digital Personal Workstation 433au and shows +three disks attached to the machine. The first is a CDROM called dka0 +and the other two are disks and are called dkc0 and dkc100 +repectively. + +You can specify which kernel file to load and what boot options to use +with the -file and -flags options to boot, e.g.: + + >>>boot -file kernel.old -flags s + +To make FreeBSD/alpha boot automatically, use these commands: + + >>>set boot_osflags a + >>>set bootdef_dev dkc0 + >>>set auto_action BOOT + + +1.1 Installing from a network CDROM +--- ------------------------------- + +If you simply wish to install from a local CDROM drive then see the +Quick Start section. If you don't have a CDROM drive on your system +and wish to use a FreeBSD distribution CD in the CDROM drive of +another system to which you have network connectivity, there are +several ways of going about it: + +1. If you would be able to FTP install FreeBSD directly from the CDROM + drive in some FreeBSD machine, it's quite easy: You simply add the + following line to the password file (using the vipw command): + + ftp:*:99:99::0:0:FTP:/cdrom:/sbin/nologin + +And anyone else on your network will now be able to chose a Media type +of FTP and type in: ``ftp://<machine with CDROM drive>'' after picking +"Other" in the ftp sites menu. + +2. If you would rather use NFS to export the CDROM directly to the + machine(s) you'll be installing from, you need to first add an + entry to the /etc/exports file (on the machine with the CDROM drive) + which looks something like this: + + /cdrom -ro ziggy.foo.com + + To allow the machine "ziggy.foo.com" to mount the CDROM directly + via NFS during installation. The machine with the CDROM must also + be configured as an NFS server, of course, and if you're not sure how + to do that then an NFS installation is probably not the best choice + for you unless you're willing to read up on rc.conf(5) and configure + things appropriately. Assuming that this part goes smoothly, you + should be able to enter: <cdrom-host>:/cdrom as the path for an NFS + installation when the target machine is installed. + + +1.2 Installing from Floppies +--- ------------------------ + +If you must install from floppy disks, either due to unsupported +hardware or just because you enjoy doing things the hard way, you must +first prepare some floppies for the install. + +First, make a set of boot floppies as described in floppies/README.TXT. + +Second, read the file LAYOUT.TXT and pay special attention to the +"Distribution format" section since it describes which files you're +going to need to put onto floppy and which you can safely skip. + +Next you will need, at minimum, as many 1.44MB floppies as it takes to +hold all files in the bin (binary distribution) directory. If you're +preparing these floppies under DOS, then THESE floppies *must* be +formatted using the MS-DOS FORMAT command. If you're using Windows, +use the Windows File Manager format command. + +Don't trust Factory Preformatted floppies! Format them again +yourself, just to make sure. Many problems reported by our users in +the past have resulted from the use of improperly formatted media, +which is why I'm taking such special care to mention it here! + +If you're creating the floppies from another FreeBSD machine, a format +is still not a bad idea though you don't need to put a DOS filesystem +on each floppy. You can use the `disklabel' and `newfs' commands to +put a UFS filesystem on a floppy, as the following sequence of +commands illustrates: + + fdformat -f 1440 fd0.1440 + disklabel -w -r fd0.1440 floppy3 + newfs -t 2 -u 18 -l 1 -i 65536 /dev/rfd0 + +After you've formatted the floppies for DOS or UFS, you'll need to +copy the files onto them. The distribution files are split into +chunks conveniently sized so that 5 of them will fit on a conventional +1.44MB floppy. Go through all your floppies, packing as many files as +will fit on each one, until you've got all the distributions you want +packed up in this fashion. Each distribution should go into its own +subdirectory on the floppy, e.g.: a:\bin\bin.inf, a:\bin\bin.aa, +a:\bin\bin.ab, ... + +IMPORTANT NOTE: The bin.inf file also needs to go on the first floppy +of the bin set since it is read by the installation program in order +to figure out how many additional pieces to look for when fetching and +concatenating the distribution. When putting distributions onto +floppies, the <distname>.inf file MUST occupy the first floppy of each +distribution set! + +Once you come to the Media screen of the install, select "Floppy" and +you'll be prompted for the rest. + + +1.3 Installing from QIC/SCSI Tape +--- ----------------------------- + +When installing from tape, the installation program expects the files +to be simply tar'ed onto it, so after fetching all of the files for +the distributions you're interested in, simply tar them onto the tape +with a command something like this: + + cd /where/you/have/your/dists + tar cvf /dev/rwt0 (or /dev/rsa0) dist1 .. dist2 + +When you go to do the installation, you should also make sure that you +leave enough room in some temporary directory (which you'll be allowed +to choose) to accommodate the FULL contents of the tape you've +created. Due to the non-random access nature of tapes, this method of +installation requires quite a bit of temporary storage! You should +expect to require as much temporary storage as you have stuff written +on tape. + +SPECIAL NOTE: When going to do the installation, the tape must be in +the drive *before* booting from the boot floppy. The installation +"probe" may otherwise fail to find it. + +Now create a boot floppy as described in section 0.1 and proceed with +the installation. + + +1.4 Installing over a network using FTP or NFS +--- ------------------------------------------ + +After making a boot floppy as described in the first section, you can +load the rest of the installation over a network using one of 3 types +of connections: + + Serial port: SLIP / PPP + Parallel port: PLIP (using ``laplink'' style cable) + Ethernet: A standard Ethernet controller (including + certain PCCARD devices). + +Serial Port +----------- + +SLIP support is rather primitive, and is limited primarily to +hard-wired links, such as a serial cable running between two +computers. The link must be hard-wired because the SLIP installation +doesn't currently offer a dialing capability. If you need to dial out +with a modem or otherwise dialog with the link before connecting to +it, then I recommend that the PPP utility be used instead. + +If you're using PPP, make sure that you have your Internet Service +Provider's IP address and DNS information handy as you'll need to know +it fairly early in the installation process. You may also need to +know your own IP address, though PPP supports dynamic address +negotiation and may be able to pick up this information directly from +your ISP if they support it. + +You will also need to know how to use the various "AT commands" for +dialing out with your particular brand of modem as the PPP dialer +provides only a very simple terminal emulator. + + +Parallel Port +------------- + +If a hard-wired connection to another FreeBSD or Linux machine is +available, you might also consider installing over a "laplink" +style parallel port cable. The data rate over the parallel port +is much higher than what is typically possible over a serial line +(up to 50k/sec), thus resulting in a quicker installation. It's not +typically necessary to use "real" IP addresses when using a +point-to-point parallel cable in this way and you can generally just +use RFC 1918 style addresses for the ends of the link (e.g. 10.0.0.1, +10.0.0.2, etc). + +IMPORTANT NOTE: If you use a Linux machine rather than a FreeBSD +machine as your PLIP peer, you will also have to specify "link0" in +the TCP/IP setup screen's ``extra options for ifconfig'' field. + + +Ethernet +-------- + +FreeBSD supports most common PC Ethernet cards, a table of supported +cards (and their required settings) being provided as part of the +FreeBSD Hardware Guide (see the Documentation menu on the boot floppy +or the top level directory of the CDROM). If you are using one of the +supported PCMCIA Ethernet cards, also be sure that it's plugged in +BEFORE the laptop is powered on! FreeBSD does not, unfortunately, +currently support "hot insertion" of PCMCIA cards during installation. + +You will also need to know your IP address on the network, the +"netmask" value for your address class and the name of your machine. +Your system administrator can tell you which values are appropriate to +your particular network setup. If you will be referring to other +hosts by name rather than IP address, you'll also need a name server +and possibly the address of a gateway (if you're using PPP, it's your +provider's IP address) to use in talking to it. + +If you do not know the answers to these questions then you should +really probably talk to your system administrator _first_ before +trying this type of installation! Using a randomly chosen IP address +or netmask on a live network will almost certainly get you shot at +dawn. + +Once you have a network connection of some sort working, the +installation can continue over NFS or FTP. + + +1.4.1 NFS installation tips +----- --------------------- + + NFS installation is fairly straight-forward: Simply copy the + FreeBSD distribution files you want onto a server somewhere + and then point the NFS media selection at it. + + If this server supports only "privileged port" access (as is + generally the default for Sun and Linux workstations), you + will need to set this option in the Options menu before + installation can proceed. + + If you have a poor quality Ethernet card which suffers from very + slow transfer rates, you may also wish to toggle the appropriate + Options flag. + + In order for NFS installation to work, the server must also support + "subdir mounts", e.g. if your FreeBSD 2.2 distribution directory + lives on: ziggy:/usr/archive/stuff/FreeBSD + Then ziggy will have to allow the direct mounting of + /usr/archive/stuff/FreeBSD, not just /usr or /usr/archive/stuff. + + In FreeBSD's /etc/exports file this is controlled by the + ``-alldirs'' option. Other NFS servers may have different + conventions. If you are getting `Permission Denied' messages + from the server then it's likely that you don't have this + properly enabled! + + +1.4.2 FTP Installation tips +----- --------------------- + + FTP installation may be done from any mirror site containing a + reasonably up-to-date version of FreeBSD. A full menu of + reasonable choices for almost any location in the world is + provided in the FTP site menu during installation. + + If you are installing from some other FTP site not listed in + this menu, or you are having troubles getting your name server + configured properly, you can also specify your own URL by + selecting the ``Other'' choice in that menu. A URL can + contain a hostname or an IP address, so the following would + work in the absence of a name server: + + ftp://192.216.191.11/pub/FreeBSD/3.2-RELEASE + + There are two FTP installation modes you can use: + + o FTP: + + For all FTP transfers, use the standard "Active" mode for + transfers. This will not work through most firewalls but + will often work best with older ftp servers that do not + support passive mode. If your connection hangs with + passive mode, try this one! + + o FTP Passive: + + For all FTP transfers, use "Passive" mode. This allows + the user to pass through firewalls that do not allow + incoming connections on random port addresses. + + NOTE: ACTIVE AND PASSIVE MODES ARE NOT THE SAME AS A `PROXY' + CONNECTIONS, WHERE A PROXY FTP SERVER IS LISTENING ON A + DIFFERENT PORT! + + In such instances, you should specify the URL as something like: + + ftp://foo.bar.com:1234/pub/FreeBSD + + Where "1234" is the port number of the proxy ftp server. + + +---- End of Installation Guide --- |