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authorsjg <sjg@FreeBSD.org>2015-05-27 01:19:58 +0000
committersjg <sjg@FreeBSD.org>2015-05-27 01:19:58 +0000
commit65145fa4c81da358fcbc3b650156dab705dfa34e (patch)
tree55c065b6730aaac2afb6c29933ee6ec5fa4c4249 /lib/libcom_err
parent60ff4eb0dff94a04d75d0d52a3957aaaf5f8c693 (diff)
parente6b664c390af88d4a87208bc042ce503da664c3b (diff)
downloadFreeBSD-src-65145fa4c81da358fcbc3b650156dab705dfa34e.zip
FreeBSD-src-65145fa4c81da358fcbc3b650156dab705dfa34e.tar.gz
Merge sync of head
Diffstat (limited to 'lib/libcom_err')
-rw-r--r--lib/libcom_err/Makefile2
-rw-r--r--lib/libcom_err/doc/Makefile7
-rw-r--r--lib/libcom_err/doc/com_err.texinfo615
3 files changed, 0 insertions, 624 deletions
diff --git a/lib/libcom_err/Makefile b/lib/libcom_err/Makefile
index 78014ad..72260fe 100644
--- a/lib/libcom_err/Makefile
+++ b/lib/libcom_err/Makefile
@@ -10,8 +10,6 @@ CFLAGS+= -I${COM_ERRDIR}
LDFLAGS= -Wl,--no-undefined
VERSION_MAP= ${COM_ERRDIR}/version-script.map
-SUBDIR= doc
-
.include <bsd.lib.mk>
.PATH: ${COM_ERRDIR}
diff --git a/lib/libcom_err/doc/Makefile b/lib/libcom_err/doc/Makefile
deleted file mode 100644
index 4c3c0bb..0000000
--- a/lib/libcom_err/doc/Makefile
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-# $FreeBSD$
-
-INFO= com_err
-INFOSECTION= "Programming & development tools."
-INFOENTRY_com_err= "* libcom_err: (com_err). A Common Error Description Library for UNIX."
-
-.include <bsd.info.mk>
diff --git a/lib/libcom_err/doc/com_err.texinfo b/lib/libcom_err/doc/com_err.texinfo
deleted file mode 100644
index 6c71da8..0000000
--- a/lib/libcom_err/doc/com_err.texinfo
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,615 +0,0 @@
-\input texinfo @c -*-texinfo-*-
-
-@c $FreeBSD$
-
-@c Note that although this source file is in texinfo format (more
-@c or less), it is not yet suitable for turning into an ``info''
-@c file. Sorry, maybe next time.
-@c
-@c In order to produce hardcopy documentation from a texinfo file,
-@c run ``tex com_err.texinfo'' which will load in texinfo.tex,
-@c provided in this distribution. (texinfo.tex is from the Free
-@c Software Foundation, and is under different copyright restrictions
-@c from the rest of this package.)
-
-@ifinfo
-@barfo
-@end ifinfo
-
-@iftex
-@tolerance 10000
-
-@c Mutate section headers...
-@begingroup
- @catcode#=6
- @gdef@secheading#1#2#3{@secheadingi {#3@enspace #1}}
-@endgroup
-@end iftex
-
-@c %**start of header (This is for running Texinfo on a region.)
-@setfilename com_err
-@settitle A Common Error Description Library for UNIX
-@c %**end of header (This is for running Texinfo on a region.)
-
-@ifinfo
-This file documents the use of the Common Error Description library.
-
-Copyright (C) 1987, 1988 Student Information Processing Board of the
-Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
-
-Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its
-documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted, provided
-that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that both that
-copyright notice and this permission notice appear in supporting
-documentation, and that the names of M.I.T. and the M.I.T. S.I.P.B. not be
-used in advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution of the software
-without specific, written prior permission. M.I.T. and the M.I.T. S.I.P.B.
-make no representations about the suitability of this software for any
-purpose. It is provided "as is" without express or implied warranty.
-
-Note that the file texinfo.tex, provided with this distribution, is from
-the Free Software Foundation, and is under different copyright restrictions
-from the remainder of this package.
-
-@end ifinfo
-
-@ignore
-Permission is granted to process this file through Tex and print the
-results, provided the printed document carries copying permission
-notice identical to this one except for the removal of this paragraph
-(this paragraph not being relevant to the printed manual).
-
-@end ignore
-
-@setchapternewpage odd
-
-@titlepage
-@center @titlefont{A Common Error Description}
-@center @titlefont{Library for UNIX}
-@sp 2
-@center Ken Raeburn
-@center Bill Sommerfeld
-@sp 1
-@center MIT Student Information Processing Board
-@sp 3
-@center last updated 1 January 1989
-@center for version 1.2
-@center ***DRAFT COPY ONLY***
-
-@vskip 2in
-
-@center @b{Abstract}
-
-UNIX has always had a clean and simple system call interface, with a
-standard set of error codes passed between the kernel and user
-programs. Unfortunately, the same cannot be said of many of the
-libraries layered on top of the primitives provided by the kernel.
-Typically, each one has used a different style of indicating errors to
-their callers, leading to a total hodgepodge of error handling, and
-considerable amounts of work for the programmer. This paper describes
-a library and associated utilities which allows a more uniform way for
-libraries to return errors to their callers, and for programs to
-describe errors and exceptional conditions to their users.
-
-@page
-@vskip 0pt plus 1filll
-
-Copyright @copyright{} 1987, 1988 by the Student Information Processing
-Board of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
-
-Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its
-documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted, provided
-that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that both that
-copyright notice and this permission notice appear in supporting
-documentation, and that the names of M.I.T. and the M.I.T. S.I.P.B. not be
-used in advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution of the software
-without specific, written prior permission. M.I.T. and the M.I.T. S.I.P.B.
-make no representations about the suitability of this software for any
-purpose. It is provided "as is" without express or implied warranty.
-
-Note that the file texinfo.tex, provided with this distribution, is from
-the Free Software Foundation, and is under different copyright restrictions
-from the remainder of this package.
-
-@end titlepage
-
-@ifinfo
-@node Top, Why com_err?, (dir), (dir)
-@comment node-name, next, previous, up
-@top General Introduction
-
-@menu
-* Why com_err?:: What is all this for?
-* Error codes:: What's an error code, anyway?
-* Error table source file:: How to describe an error table.
-* The error-table compiler:: How to compile the table.
-* Run-time support routines:: How to use from within your program.
-* Coding Conventions:: Stylistic issues.
-* Building and Installation:: How to build and install.
-* Bug Reports:: You have found a bug? Report it.
-* Acknowledgements:: Whom to thank...
-
-@end menu
-
-@end ifinfo
-
-@page
-
-@ifinfo
-@node Why com_err?, Error codes, Top, (dir)
-@comment node-name, next, previous, up
-@end ifinfo
-
-@section Why com_err?
-
-In building application software packages, a programmer often has to
-deal with a number of libraries, each of which can use a different
-error-reporting mechanism. Sometimes one of two values is returned,
-indicating simply SUCCESS or FAILURE, with no description of errors
-encountered. Sometimes it is an index into a table of text strings,
-where the name of the table used is dependent on the library being
-used when the error is generated; since each table starts numbering at
-0 or 1, additional information as to the source of the error code is
-needed to determine which table to look at. Sometimes no text messages are
-supplied at all, and the programmer must supply them at any point at which
-he may wish to report error conditions.
-Often, a global variable is assigned some value describing the error, but
-the programmer has to know in each case whether to look at @code{errno},
-@code{h_errno}, the return value from @code{hes_err()}, or whatever other
-variables or routines are specified.
-And what happens if something
-in the procedure of
-examining or reporting the error changes the same variable?
-
-The package we have developed is an attempt to present a common
-error-handling mechanism to manipulate the most common form of error code
-in a fashion that does not have the problems listed above.
-
-A list of up to 256 text messages is supplied to a translator we have
-written, along with the three- to four-character ``name'' of the error
-table. The library using this error table need only call a routine
-generated from this error-table source to make the table ``known'' to the
-com_err library, and any error code the library generates can be converted
-to the corresponding error message. There is also a default format for
-error codes accidentally returned before making the table known, which is
-of the form @samp{unknown code foo 32}, where @samp{foo} would be the name
-of the table.
-
-@ifinfo
-@node Error codes, Error table source file, Why com_err?, (dir)
-@comment node-name, next, previous, up
-@end ifinfo
-
-@section Error codes
-
-Error codes themselves are 32 bit (signed) integers, of which the high
-order 24 bits are an identifier of which error table the error code is
-from, and the low order 8 bits are a sequential error number within
-the table. An error code may thus be easily decomposed into its component
-parts. Only the lowest 32 bits of an error code are considered significant
-on systems which support wider values.
-
-Error table 0 is defined to match the UNIX system call error table
-(@code{sys_errlist}); this allows @code{errno} values to be used directly
-in the library (assuming that @code{errno} is of a type with the same width
-as @t{long}). Other error table numbers are formed by compacting together
-the first four characters of the error table name. The mapping between
-characters in the name and numeric values in the error code are defined in
-a system-independent fashion, so that two systems that can pass integral
-values between them can reliably pass error codes without loss of meaning;
-this should work even if the character sets used are not the same.
-(However, if this is to be done, error table 0 should be avoided, since the
-local system call error tables may differ.)
-
-Any variable which is to contain an error code should be declared @t{long}.
-The draft proposed American National Standard for C (as of May, 1988)
-requires that @t{long} variables be at least 32 bits; any system which does
-not support 32-bit @t{long} values cannot make use of this package (nor
-much other software that assumes an ANSI-C environment base) without
-significant effort.
-
-@ifinfo
-@node Error table source file, The error-table compiler, Error codes, (dir)
-@comment node-name, next, previous, up
-@end ifinfo
-
-@section Error table source file
-
-The error table source file begins with the declaration of the table name,
-as
-
-@example
-error_table @var{tablename}
-@end example
-
-Individual error codes are
-specified with
-
-@example
-error_code @var{ERROR_NAME}, @var{"text message"}
-@end example
-
-where @samp{ec} can also be used as a short form of @samp{error_code}. To
-indicate the end of the table, use @samp{end}. Thus, a (short) sample
-error table might be:
-
-@example
-
- error_table dsc
-
- error_code DSC_DUP_MTG_NAME,
- "Meeting already exists"
-
- ec DSC_BAD_PATH,
- "A bad meeting pathname was given"
-
- ec DSC_BAD_MODES,
- "Invalid mode for this access control list"
-
- end
-
-@end example
-
-@ifinfo
-@node The error-table compiler, Run-time support routines, Error table source file, (dir)
-@comment node-name, next, previous, up
-@end ifinfo
-
-@section The error-table compiler
-
-The error table compiler is named @code{compile_et}. It takes one
-argument, the pathname of a file (ending in @samp{.et}, e.g.,
-@samp{dsc_err.et}) containing an error table source file. It parses the
-error table, and generates two output files -- a C header file
-(@samp{discuss_err.h}) which contains definitions of the numerical values
-of the error codes defined in the error table, and a C source file which
-should be compiled and linked with the executable. The header file must be
-included in the source of a module which wishes to reference the error
-codes defined; the object module generated from the C code may be linked in
-to a program which wishes to use the printed forms of the error codes.
-
-This translator accepts a @kbd{-language @var{lang}} argument, which
-determines for which language (or language variant) the output should be
-written. At the moment, @var{lang} is currently limited to @kbd{ANSI-C}
-and @kbd{K&R-C}, and some abbreviated forms of each. Eventually, this will
-be extended to include some support for C++. The default is currently
-@kbd{K&R-C}, though the generated sources will have ANSI-C code
-conditionalized on the symbol @t{__STDC__}.
-
-@ifinfo
-@node Run-time support routines, Coding Conventions, The error-table compiler, (dir)
-@comment node-name, next, previous, up
-@end ifinfo
-
-@section Run-time support routines
-
-Any source file which uses the routines supplied with or produced by the
-com_err package should include the header file @file{<com_err.h>}. It
-contains declarations and definitions which may be needed on some systems.
-(Some functions cannot be referenced properly without the return type
-declarations in this file. Some functions may work properly on most
-architectures even without the header file, but relying on this is not
-recommended.)
-
-The run-time support routines and variables provided via this package
-include the following:
-
-@example
-void initialize_@var{xxxx}_error_table (void);
-@end example
-
-One of these routines is built by the error compiler for each error table.
-It makes the @var{xxxx} error table ``known'' to the error reporting
-system. By convention, this routine should be called in the initialization
-routine of the @var{xxxx} library. If the library has no initialization
-routine, some combination of routines which form the core of the library
-should ensure that this routine is called. It is not advised to leave it
-the caller to make this call.
-
-There is no harm in calling this routine more than once.
-
-@example
-#define ERROR_TABLE_BASE_@var{xxxx} @var{nnnnn}L
-@end example
-
-This symbol contains the value of the first error code entry in the
-specified table.
-This rarely needs be used by the
-programmer.
-
-@example
-const char *error_message (long code);
-@end example
-
-This routine returns the character string error message associated
-with @code{code}; if this is associated with an unknown error table, or
-if the code is associated with a known error table but the code is not
-in the table, a string of the form @samp{Unknown code @var{xxxx nn}} is
-returned, where @var{xxxx} is the error table name produced by
-reversing the compaction performed on the error table number implied
-by that error code, and @var{nn} is the offset from that base value.
-
-Although this routine is available for use when needed, its use should be
-left to circumstances which render @code{com_err} (below) unusable.
-
-@example
-void com_err (const char *whoami, /* module reporting error */
- long code, /* error code */
- const char *format, /* format for additional detail */
- ...); /* (extra parameters) */
-@end example
-
-This routine provides an alternate way to print error messages to
-standard error; it allows the error message to be passed in as a
-parameter, rather than in an external variable. @emph{Provide grammatical
-context for ``message.''}
-
-If @var{format} is @code{(char *)NULL}, the formatted message will not be
-printed. @var{format} may not be omitted.
-
-@example
-#include <stdarg.h>
-
-void com_err_va (const char *whoami,
- long code,
- const char *format,
- va_list args);
-@end example
-
-This routine provides an interface, equivalent to @code{com_err} above,
-which may be used by higher-level variadic functions (functions which
-accept variable numbers of arguments).
-
-@example
-#include <stdarg.h>
-
-void (*set_com_err_hook (void (*proc) ())) ();
-
-void (*@var{proc}) (const char *whoami, long code, va_list args);
-
-void reset_com_err_hook ();
-@end example
-
-These two routines allow a routine to be dynamically substituted for
-@samp{com_err}. After @samp{set_com_err_hook} has been called,
-calls to @samp{com_err} will turn into calls to the new hook routine.
-@samp{reset_com_err_hook} turns off this hook. This may intended to
-be used in daemons (to use a routine which calls @var{syslog(3)}), or
-in a window system application (which could pop up a dialogue box).
-
-If a program is to be used in an environment in which simply printing
-messages to the @code{stderr} stream would be inappropriate (such as in a
-daemon program which runs without a terminal attached),
-@code{set_com_err_hook} may be used to redirect output from @code{com_err}.
-The following is an example of an error handler which uses @var{syslog(3)}
-as supplied in BSD 4.3:
-
-@example
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
-#include <syslog.h>
-
-/* extern openlog (const char * name, int logopt, int facility); */
-/* extern syslog (int priority, char * message, ...); */
-
-void hook (const char * whoami, long code,
- const char * format, va_list args)
-@{
- char buffer[BUFSIZ];
- static int initialized = 0;
- if (!initialized) @{
- openlog (whoami,
- LOG_NOWAIT|LOG_CONS|LOG_PID|LOG_NDELAY,
- LOG_DAEMON);
- initialized = 1;
- @}
- vsprintf (buffer, format, args);
- syslog (LOG_ERR, "%s %s", error_message (code), buffer);
-@}
-@end example
-
-After making the call
-@code{set_com_err_hook (hook);},
-any calls to @code{com_err} will result in messages being sent to the
-@var{syslogd} daemon for logging.
-The name of the program, @samp{whoami}, is supplied to the
-@samp{openlog()} call, and the message is formatted into a buffer and
-passed to @code{syslog}.
-
-Note that since the extra arguments to @code{com_err} are passed by
-reference via the @code{va_list} value @code{args}, the hook routine may
-place any form of interpretation on them, including ignoring them. For
-consistency, @code{printf}-style interpretation is suggested, via
-@code{vsprintf} (or @code{_doprnt} on BSD systems without full support for
-the ANSI C library).
-
-@ifinfo
-@node Coding Conventions, Building and Installation, Run-time support routines, (dir)
-@comment node-name, next, previous, up
-@end ifinfo
-
-@section Coding Conventions
-
-The following conventions are just some general stylistic conventions
-to follow when writing robust libraries and programs. Conventions
-similar to this are generally followed inside the UNIX kernel and most
-routines in the Multics operating system. In general, a routine
-either succeeds (returning a zero error code, and doing some side
-effects in the process), or it fails, doing minimal side effects; in
-any event, any invariant which the library assumes must be maintained.
-
-In general, it is not in the domain of non user-interface library
-routines to write error messages to the user's terminal, or halt the
-process. Such forms of ``error handling'' should be reserved for
-failures of internal invariants and consistancy checks only, as it
-provides the user of the library no way to clean up for himself in the
-event of total failure.
-
-Library routines which can fail should be set up to return an error
-code. This should usually be done as the return value of the
-function; if this is not acceptable, the routine should return a
-``null'' value, and put the error code into a parameter passed by
-reference.
-
-Routines which use the first style of interface can be used from
-user-interface levels of a program as follows:
-
-@example
-@{
- if ((code = initialize_world(getuid(), random())) != 0) @{
- com_err("demo", code,
- "when trying to initialize world");
- exit(1);
- @}
- if ((database = open_database("my_secrets", &code))==NULL) @{
- com_err("demo", code,
- "while opening my_secrets");
- exit(1);
- @}
-@}
-@end example
-
-A caller which fails to check the return status is in error. It is
-possible to look for code which ignores error returns by using lint;
-look for error messages of the form ``foobar returns value which is
-sometimes ignored'' or ``foobar returns value which is always
-ignored.''
-
-Since libraries may be built out of other libraries, it is often necessary
-for the success of one routine to depend on another. When a lower level
-routine returns an error code, the middle level routine has a few possible
-options. It can simply return the error code to its caller after doing
-some form of cleanup, it can substitute one of its own, or it can take
-corrective action of its own and continue normally. For instance, a
-library routine which makes a ``connect'' system call to make a network
-connection may reflect the system error code @code{ECONNREFUSED}
-(Connection refused) to its caller, or it may return a ``server not
-available, try again later,'' or it may try a different server.
-
-Cleanup which is typically necessary may include, but not be limited
-to, freeing allocated memory which will not be needed any more,
-unlocking concurrancy locks, dropping reference counts, closing file
-descriptors, or otherwise undoing anything which the procedure did up
-to this point. When there are a lot of things which can go wrong, it
-is generally good to write one block of error-handling code which is
-branched to, using a goto, in the event of failure. A common source
-of errors in UNIX programs is failing to close file descriptors on
-error returns; this leaves a number of ``zombied'' file descriptors
-open, which eventually causes the process to run out of file
-descriptors and fall over.
-
-@example
-@{
- FILE *f1=NULL, *f2=NULL, *f3=NULL;
- int status = 0;
-
- if ( (f1 = fopen(FILE1, "r")) == NULL) @{
- status = errno;
- goto error;
- @}
-
- /*
- * Crunch for a while
- */
-
- if ( (f2 = fopen(FILE2, "w")) == NULL) @{
- status = errno;
- goto error;
- @}
-
- if ( (f3 = fopen(FILE3, "a+")) == NULL) @{
- status = errno;
- goto error;
- @}
-
- /*
- * Do more processing.
- */
- fclose(f1);
- fclose(f2);
- fclose(f3);
- return 0;
-
-error:
- if (f1) fclose(f1);
- if (f2) fclose(f2);
- if (f3) fclose(f3);
- return status;
-@}
-@end example
-
-@ifinfo
-@node Building and Installation, Bug Reports, Coding Conventions, (dir)
-@comment node-name, next, previous, up
-@end ifinfo
-
-@section Building and Installation
-
-The distribution of this package will probably be done as a compressed
-``tar''-format file available via anonymous FTP from SIPB.MIT.EDU.
-Retrieve @samp{pub/com_err.tar.Z} and extract the contents. A subdirectory
-@t{profiled} should be created to hold objects compiled for profiling.
-Running ``make all'' should then be sufficient to build the library and
-error-table compiler. The files @samp{libcom_err.a},
-@samp{libcom_err_p.a}, @samp{com_err.h}, and @samp{compile_et} should be
-installed for use; @samp{com_err.3} and @samp{compile_et.1} can also be
-installed as manual pages.
-
-Potential problems:
-
-@itemize @bullet
-
-@item Use of @code{strcasecmp}, a routine provided in BSD for
-case-insensitive string comparisons. If an equivalent routine is
-available, you can modify @code{CFLAGS} in the makefile to define
-@code{strcasecmp} to the name of that routine.
-
-@item Compilers that defined @code{__STDC__} without providing the header
-file @code{<stdarg.h>}. One such example is Metaware's High ``C''
-compiler, as provided at Project Athena on the IBM RT/PC workstation; if
-@code{__HIGHC__} is defined, it is assumed that @code{<stdarg.h>} is not
-available, and therefore @code{<varargs.h>} must be used. If the symbol
-@code{VARARGS} is defined (e.g., in the makefile), @code{<varargs.h>} will
-be used.
-
-@item If your linker rejects symbols that are simultaneously defined in two
-library files, edit @samp{Makefile} to remove @samp{perror.c} from the
-library. This file contains a version of @var{perror(3)} which calls
-@code{com_err} instead of calling @code{write} directly.
-
-@end itemize
-
-As I do not have access to non-BSD systems, there are probably
-bugs present that may interfere with building or using this package on
-other systems. If they are reported to me, they can probably be fixed for
-the next version.
-
-@ifinfo
-@node Bug Reports, Acknowledgements, Building and Installation, (dir)
-@comment node-name, next, previous, up
-@end ifinfo
-
-@section Bug Reports
-
-Please send any comments or bug reports to the principal author: Ken
-Raeburn, @t{Raeburn@@Athena.MIT.EDU}.
-
-@ifinfo
-@node Acknowledgements, , Bug Reports, (dir)
-@comment node-name, next, previous, up
-@end ifinfo
-
-@section Acknowledgements
-
-I would like to thank: Bill Sommerfeld, for his help with some of this
-documentation, and catching some of the bugs the first time around;
-Honeywell Information Systems, for not killing off the @emph{Multics}
-operating system before I had an opportunity to use it; Honeywell's
-customers, who persuaded them not to do so, for a while; Ted Anderson of
-CMU, for catching some problems before version 1.2 left the nest; Stan
-Zanarotti and several others of MIT's Student Information Processing Board,
-for getting us started with ``discuss,'' for which this package was
-originally written; and everyone I've talked into --- I mean, asked to read
-this document and the ``man'' pages.
-
-@bye
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