Virgin import of LBL traceroute version 1.3.2.

Obtained from: ftp://ftp.ee.lbl.gov/traceroute.tar.Z on 30-Sep-1996.

1 files changed, 977 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/contrib/traceroute/traceroute.c b/contrib/traceroute/traceroute.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..21612f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/traceroute/traceroute.c
@@ -0,0 +1,977 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 1988, 1989, 1991, 1994, 1995, 1996
+ *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that: (1) source code distributions
+ * retain the above copyright notice and this paragraph in its entirety, (2)
+ * distributions including binary code include the above copyright notice and
+ * this paragraph in its entirety in the documentation or other materials
+ * provided with the distribution, and (3) all advertising materials mentioning
+ * features or use of this software display the following acknowledgement:
+ * ``This product includes software developed by the University of California,
+ * Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory and its contributors.'' Neither the name of
+ * the University nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse
+ * or promote products derived from this software without specific prior
+ * written permission.
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef lint
+static const char copyright[] =
+    "@(#) Copyright (c) 1988, 1989, 1991, 1994, 1995, 1996\n\
+The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.\n";
+static const char rcsid[] =
+    "@(#)$Header: traceroute.c,v 1.43 96/09/27 20:08:10 leres Exp $ (LBL)";
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * traceroute host  - trace the route ip packets follow going to "host".
+ *
+ * Attempt to trace the route an ip packet would follow to some
+ * internet host.  We find out intermediate hops by launching probe
+ * packets with a small ttl (time to live) then listening for an
+ * icmp "time exceeded" reply from a gateway.  We start our probes
+ * with a ttl of one and increase by one until we get an icmp "port
+ * unreachable" (which means we got to "host") or hit a max (which
+ * defaults to 30 hops & can be changed with the -m flag).  Three
+ * probes (change with -q flag) are sent at each ttl setting and a
+ * line is printed showing the ttl, address of the gateway and
+ * round trip time of each probe.  If the probe answers come from
+ * different gateways, the address of each responding system will
+ * be printed.  If there is no response within a 5 sec. timeout
+ * interval (changed with the -w flag), a "*" is printed for that
+ * probe.
+ *
+ * Probe packets are UDP format.  We don't want the destination
+ * host to process them so the destination port is set to an
+ * unlikely value (if some clod on the destination is using that
+ * value, it can be changed with the -p flag).
+ *
+ * A sample use might be:
+ *
+ *     [yak 71]% traceroute nis.nsf.net.
+ *     traceroute to nis.nsf.net (35.1.1.48), 30 hops max, 56 byte packet
+ *      1  helios.ee.lbl.gov (128.3.112.1)  19 ms  19 ms  0 ms
+ *      2  lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1)  39 ms  39 ms  19 ms
+ *      3  lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1)  39 ms  39 ms  19 ms
+ *      4  ccngw-ner-cc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.136.23)  39 ms  40 ms  39 ms
+ *      5  ccn-nerif22.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.168.22)  39 ms  39 ms  39 ms
+ *      6  128.32.197.4 (128.32.197.4)  40 ms  59 ms  59 ms
+ *      7  131.119.2.5 (131.119.2.5)  59 ms  59 ms  59 ms
+ *      8  129.140.70.13 (129.140.70.13)  99 ms  99 ms  80 ms
+ *      9  129.140.71.6 (129.140.71.6)  139 ms  239 ms  319 ms
+ *     10  129.140.81.7 (129.140.81.7)  220 ms  199 ms  199 ms
+ *     11  nic.merit.edu (35.1.1.48)  239 ms  239 ms  239 ms
+ *
+ * Note that lines 2 & 3 are the same.  This is due to a buggy
+ * kernel on the 2nd hop system -- lbl-csam.arpa -- that forwards
+ * packets with a zero ttl.
+ *
+ * A more interesting example is:
+ *
+ *     [yak 72]% traceroute allspice.lcs.mit.edu.
+ *     traceroute to allspice.lcs.mit.edu (18.26.0.115), 30 hops max
+ *      1  helios.ee.lbl.gov (128.3.112.1)  0 ms  0 ms  0 ms
+ *      2  lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1)  19 ms  19 ms  19 ms
+ *      3  lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1)  39 ms  19 ms  19 ms
+ *      4  ccngw-ner-cc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.136.23)  19 ms  39 ms  39 ms
+ *      5  ccn-nerif22.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.168.22)  20 ms  39 ms  39 ms
+ *      6  128.32.197.4 (128.32.197.4)  59 ms  119 ms  39 ms
+ *      7  131.119.2.5 (131.119.2.5)  59 ms  59 ms  39 ms
+ *      8  129.140.70.13 (129.140.70.13)  80 ms  79 ms  99 ms
+ *      9  129.140.71.6 (129.140.71.6)  139 ms  139 ms  159 ms
+ *     10  129.140.81.7 (129.140.81.7)  199 ms  180 ms  300 ms
+ *     11  129.140.72.17 (129.140.72.17)  300 ms  239 ms  239 ms
+ *     12  * * *
+ *     13  128.121.54.72 (128.121.54.72)  259 ms  499 ms  279 ms
+ *     14  * * *
+ *     15  * * *
+ *     16  * * *
+ *     17  * * *
+ *     18  ALLSPICE.LCS.MIT.EDU (18.26.0.115)  339 ms  279 ms  279 ms
+ *
+ * (I start to see why I'm having so much trouble with mail to
+ * MIT.)  Note that the gateways 12, 14, 15, 16 & 17 hops away
+ * either don't send ICMP "time exceeded" messages or send them
+ * with a ttl too small to reach us.  14 - 17 are running the
+ * MIT C Gateway code that doesn't send "time exceeded"s.  God
+ * only knows what's going on with 12.
+ *
+ * The silent gateway 12 in the above may be the result of a bug in
+ * the 4.[23]BSD network code (and its derivatives):  4.x (x <= 3)
+ * sends an unreachable message using whatever ttl remains in the
+ * original datagram.  Since, for gateways, the remaining ttl is
+ * zero, the icmp "time exceeded" is guaranteed to not make it back
+ * to us.  The behavior of this bug is slightly more interesting
+ * when it appears on the destination system:
+ *
+ *      1  helios.ee.lbl.gov (128.3.112.1)  0 ms  0 ms  0 ms
+ *      2  lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1)  39 ms  19 ms  39 ms
+ *      3  lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1)  19 ms  39 ms  19 ms
+ *      4  ccngw-ner-cc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.136.23)  39 ms  40 ms  19 ms
+ *      5  ccn-nerif35.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.168.35)  39 ms  39 ms  39 ms
+ *      6  csgw.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.133.254)  39 ms  59 ms  39 ms
+ *      7  * * *
+ *      8  * * *
+ *      9  * * *
+ *     10  * * *
+ *     11  * * *
+ *     12  * * *
+ *     13  rip.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.131.22)  59 ms !  39 ms !  39 ms !
+ *
+ * Notice that there are 12 "gateways" (13 is the final
+ * destination) and exactly the last half of them are "missing".
+ * What's really happening is that rip (a Sun-3 running Sun OS3.5)
+ * is using the ttl from our arriving datagram as the ttl in its
+ * icmp reply.  So, the reply will time out on the return path
+ * (with no notice sent to anyone since icmp's aren't sent for
+ * icmp's) until we probe with a ttl that's at least twice the path
+ * length.  I.e., rip is really only 7 hops away.  A reply that
+ * returns with a ttl of 1 is a clue this problem exists.
+ * Traceroute prints a "!" after the time if the ttl is <= 1.
+ * Since vendors ship a lot of obsolete (DEC's Ultrix, Sun 3.x) or
+ * non-standard (HPUX) software, expect to see this problem
+ * frequently and/or take care picking the target host of your
+ * probes.
+ *
+ * Other possible annotations after the time are !H, !N, !P (got a host,
+ * network or protocol unreachable, respectively), !S or !F (source
+ * route failed or fragmentation needed -- neither of these should
+ * ever occur and the associated gateway is busted if you see one).  If
+ * almost all the probes result in some kind of unreachable, traceroute
+ * will give up and exit.
+ *
+ * Notes
+ * -----
+ * This program must be run by root or be setuid.  (I suggest that
+ * you *don't* make it setuid -- casual use could result in a lot
+ * of unnecessary traffic on our poor, congested nets.)
+ *
+ * This program requires a kernel mod that does not appear in any
+ * system available from Berkeley:  A raw ip socket using proto
+ * IPPROTO_RAW must interpret the data sent as an ip datagram (as
+ * opposed to data to be wrapped in a ip datagram).  See the README
+ * file that came with the source to this program for a description
+ * of the mods I made to /sys/netinet/raw_ip.c.  Your mileage may
+ * vary.  But, again, ANY 4.x (x < 4) BSD KERNEL WILL HAVE TO BE
+ * MODIFIED TO RUN THIS PROGRAM.
+ *
+ * The udp port usage may appear bizarre (well, ok, it is bizarre).
+ * The problem is that an icmp message only contains 8 bytes of
+ * data from the original datagram.  8 bytes is the size of a udp
+ * header so, if we want to associate replies with the original
+ * datagram, the necessary information must be encoded into the
+ * udp header (the ip id could be used but there's no way to
+ * interlock with the kernel's assignment of ip id's and, anyway,
+ * it would have taken a lot more kernel hacking to allow this
+ * code to set the ip id).  So, to allow two or more users to
+ * use traceroute simultaneously, we use this task's pid as the
+ * source port (the high bit is set to move the port number out
+ * of the "likely" range).  To keep track of which probe is being
+ * replied to (so times and/or hop counts don't get confused by a
+ * reply that was delayed in transit), we increment the destination
+ * port number before each probe.
+ *
+ * Don't use this as a coding example.  I was trying to find a
+ * routing problem and this code sort-of popped out after 48 hours
+ * without sleep.  I was amazed it ever compiled, much less ran.
+ *
+ * I stole the idea for this program from Steve Deering.  Since
+ * the first release, I've learned that had I attended the right
+ * IETF working group meetings, I also could have stolen it from Guy
+ * Almes or Matt Mathis.  I don't know (or care) who came up with
+ * the idea first.  I envy the originators' perspicacity and I'm
+ * glad they didn't keep the idea a secret.
+ *
+ * Tim Seaver, Ken Adelman and C. Philip Wood provided bug fixes and/or
+ * enhancements to the original distribution.
+ *
+ * I've hacked up a round-trip-route version of this that works by
+ * sending a loose-source-routed udp datagram through the destination
+ * back to yourself.  Unfortunately, SO many gateways botch source
+ * routing, the thing is almost worthless.  Maybe one day...
+ *
+ *  -- Van Jacobson (van@ee.lbl.gov)
+ *     Tue Dec 20 03:50:13 PST 1988
+ */
+
+#include <sys/param.h>
+#include <sys/file.h>
+#include <sys/ioctl.h>
+#ifdef HAVE_SYS_SELECT_H
+#include <sys/select.h>
+#endif
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+
+#include <netinet/in_systm.h>
+#include <netinet/in.h>
+#include <netinet/ip.h>
+#include <netinet/ip_var.h>
+#include <netinet/ip_icmp.h>
+#include <netinet/udp.h>
+
+#include <arpa/inet.h>
+
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#ifdef HAVE_MALLOC_H
+#include <malloc.h>
+#endif
+#include <memory.h>
+#include <netdb.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include "gnuc.h"
+#ifdef HAVE_OS_PROTO_H
+#include "os-proto.h"
+#endif
+
+/* Maximum number of gateways (include room for one noop) */
+#define NGATEWAYS ((int)((MAX_IPOPTLEN - IPOPT_MINOFF - 1) / sizeof(u_int32_t)))
+
+#ifndef MAXHOSTNAMELEN
+#define MAXHOSTNAMELEN	64
+#endif
+
+#define Fprintf (void)fprintf
+#define Printf (void)printf
+
+/* Data section of the probe packet */
+struct outdata {
+	u_char seq;		/* sequence number of this packet */
+	u_char ttl;		/* ttl packet left with */
+	struct timeval tv;	/* time packet left */
+};
+
+u_char	packet[512];		/* last inbound (icmp) packet */
+
+struct ip *outip;		/* last output (udp) packet */
+struct udphdr *outudp;		/* last output (udp) packet */
+struct outdata *outdata;	/* last output (udp) packet */
+
+/* loose source route gateway list (including room for final destination) */
+u_int32_t gwlist[NGATEWAYS + 1];
+
+int s;				/* receive (icmp) socket file descriptor */
+int sndsock;			/* send (udp) socket file descriptor */
+
+struct sockaddr whereto;	/* Who to try to reach */
+int packlen;			/* total length of packet */
+int maxpacket = 32 * 1024;	/* max ip packet size */
+
+char *prog;
+char *source;
+char *hostname;
+
+int nprobes = 3;
+int max_ttl = 30;
+u_short ident;
+u_short port = 32768 + 666;	/* start udp dest port # for probe packets */
+
+int options;			/* socket options */
+int verbose;
+int waittime = 5;		/* time to wait for response (in seconds) */
+int nflag;			/* print addresses numerically */
+
+extern int optind;
+extern int opterr;
+extern char *optarg;
+
+/* Forwards */
+double	deltaT(struct timeval *, struct timeval *);
+char	*inetname(struct in_addr);
+int	main(int, char **);
+int	packet_ok(u_char *, int, struct sockaddr_in *, int);
+char	*pr_type(u_char);
+void	print(u_char *, int, struct sockaddr_in *);
+char	*getaddr(u_int32_t *, char *);
+char	*getsin(struct sockaddr_in *, char *);
+char	*savestr(const char *);
+void	send_probe(int, int, struct timeval *);
+void	tvsub(struct timeval *, struct timeval *);
+__dead	void usage(void);
+int	wait_for_reply(int, struct sockaddr_in *, struct timeval *);
+
+int
+main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	register int op, code;
+	register char *cp;
+	struct sockaddr_in from;
+	register struct sockaddr_in *to = (struct sockaddr_in *)&whereto;
+	int on = 1;
+	register struct protoent *pe;
+	register int ttl, probe, i;
+	register int seq = 0;
+	register int tos = 0;
+	register int lsrr = 0;
+	register int optlen = 0;
+
+	if ((cp = strrchr(argv[0], '/')) != NULL)
+		prog = cp + 1;
+	else
+		prog = argv[0];
+
+	opterr = 0;
+	while ((op = getopt(argc, argv, "dnrvg:m:p:q:s:t:w:")) != EOF)
+		switch (op) {
+
+		case 'd':
+			options |= SO_DEBUG;
+			break;
+
+		case 'g':
+			if (lsrr >= NGATEWAYS) {
+				Fprintf(stderr,
+				    "%s: No more than %d gateways\n",
+				    prog, NGATEWAYS);
+				exit(1);
+			}
+			(void)getaddr(gwlist + lsrr, optarg);
+			++lsrr;
+			break;
+
+		case 'm':
+			max_ttl = atoi(optarg);
+			if (max_ttl <= 1) {
+				Fprintf(stderr, "%s: max ttl must be > 1\n",
+				    prog);
+				exit(1);
+			}
+			break;
+
+		case 'n':
+			++nflag;
+			break;
+
+		case 'p':
+			port = atoi(optarg);
+			if (port <= 0) {
+				Fprintf(stderr, "%s: port must be > 0\n", prog);
+				exit(1);
+			}
+			break;
+
+		case 'q':
+			nprobes = atoi(optarg);
+			if (nprobes <= 0) {
+				Fprintf(stderr, "%s: nprobes must be > 0\n",
+				    prog);
+				exit(1);
+			}
+			break;
+
+		case 'r':
+			options |= SO_DONTROUTE;
+			break;
+
+		case 's':
+			/*
+			 * set the ip source address of the outbound
+			 * probe (e.g., on a multi-homed host).
+			 */
+			source = optarg;
+			break;
+
+		case 't':
+			tos = atoi(optarg);
+			if (tos < 0 || tos > 255) {
+				Fprintf(stderr, "%s: tos must be 0 to 255\n",
+				    prog);
+				exit(1);
+			}
+			break;
+
+		case 'v':
+			++verbose;
+			break;
+
+		case 'w':
+			waittime = atoi(optarg);
+			if (waittime <= 1) {
+				Fprintf(stderr, "%s: wait must be > 1 sec\n",
+				    prog);
+				exit(1);
+			}
+			break;
+
+		default:
+			usage();
+		}
+
+	/* Process destination and optional packet size */
+	switch (argc - optind) {
+
+	case 2:
+		packlen = atoi(argv[optind + 1]);
+		/* Fall thorugh */
+
+	case 1:
+		hostname = savestr(getsin(to, argv[optind]));
+		break;
+
+	default:
+		usage();
+	}
+
+#ifdef HAVE_SETLINEBUF
+	setlinebuf (stdout);
+#else
+	setvbuf(stdout, NULL, _IOLBF, 0);
+#endif
+
+	if (lsrr > 0)
+		optlen = (lsrr + 1) * sizeof(gwlist[0]);
+	i = sizeof(*outip) + sizeof(*outudp) + sizeof(*outdata) + optlen;
+	if (packlen == 0)
+		packlen = i;			/* minimum sized packet */
+	else if (i > packlen || packlen > maxpacket) {
+		Fprintf(stderr, "%s: packet size must be %d <= s <= %d\n",
+		    prog, i, maxpacket);
+		exit(1);
+	}
+
+	outip = (struct ip *)malloc((unsigned)packlen);
+	if (outip == NULL) {
+		Fprintf(stderr, "%s: malloc: %s\n", prog, strerror(errno));
+		exit(1);
+	}
+	memset((char *)outip, 0, packlen);
+
+	outip->ip_v = IPVERSION;
+	outip->ip_tos = tos;
+#ifdef BYTESWAP_IP_LEN
+	outip->ip_len = htons(packlen);
+#else
+	outip->ip_len = packlen;
+#endif
+	outip->ip_p = IPPROTO_UDP;
+	outudp = (struct udphdr *)(outip + 1);
+#ifdef HAVE_RAW_OPTIONS
+	if (lsrr > 0) {
+		register u_char *optlist;
+
+		optlist = (u_char *)outudp;
+		(u_char *)outudp += optlen;
+
+		/* final hop */
+		gwlist[lsrr] = to->sin_addr.s_addr;
+
+		outip->ip_dst.s_addr = gwlist[0];
+
+		/* force 4 byte alignment */
+		optlist[0] = IPOPT_NOP;
+		/* loose source route option */
+		optlist[1] = IPOPT_LSRR;
+		i = lsrr * sizeof(gwlist[0]);
+		optlist[2] = i + 3;
+		/* Pointer to LSRR addresses */
+		optlist[3] = IPOPT_MINOFF;
+		memcpy(optlist + 4, gwlist + 1, i);
+	} else
+#endif
+		outip->ip_dst = to->sin_addr;
+
+	outip->ip_hl = ((u_char *)outudp - (u_char *)outip) >> 2;
+
+	ident = (getpid() & 0xffff) | 0x8000;
+	outudp->uh_sport = htons(ident);
+	outudp->uh_ulen = htons((u_short)(packlen - (sizeof(*outip) + optlen)));
+
+	outdata = (struct outdata *)(outudp + 1);
+
+	cp = "icmp";
+	if ((pe = getprotobyname(cp)) == NULL) {
+		Fprintf(stderr, "%s: unknown protocol %s\n", prog, cp);
+		exit(1);
+	}
+	if ((s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, pe->p_proto)) < 0) {
+		Fprintf(stderr, "%s: icmp socket: %s\n", prog, strerror(errno));
+		exit(1);
+	}
+	if (options & SO_DEBUG)
+		(void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (char *)&on,
+		    sizeof(on));
+	if (options & SO_DONTROUTE)
+		(void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DONTROUTE, (char *)&on,
+		    sizeof(on));
+
+	if ((sndsock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_RAW)) < 0) {
+		Fprintf(stderr, "%s: raw socket: %s\n", prog, strerror(errno));
+		exit(1);
+	}
+
+	/* Revert to non-privileged user after opening sockets */
+	setuid(getuid());
+
+#if defined(IP_OPTIONS) && !defined(HAVE_RAW_OPTIONS)
+	if (lsrr > 0) {
+		u_char optlist[MAX_IPOPTLEN];
+
+		cp = "ip";
+		if ((pe = getprotobyname(cp)) == NULL) {
+			Fprintf(stderr, "%s: unknown protocol %s\n", prog, cp);
+			exit(1);
+		}
+
+		/* final hop */
+		gwlist[lsrr] = to->sin_addr.s_addr;
+		++lsrr;
+
+		/* force 4 byte alignment */
+		optlist[0] = IPOPT_NOP;
+		/* loose source route option */
+		optlist[1] = IPOPT_LSRR;
+		i = lsrr * sizeof(gwlist[0]);
+		optlist[2] = i + 3;
+		/* Pointer to LSRR addresses */
+		optlist[3] = IPOPT_MINOFF;
+		memcpy(optlist + 4, gwlist, i);
+
+		if ((setsockopt(sndsock, pe->p_proto, IP_OPTIONS, optlist,
+		    i + sizeof(gwlist[0]))) < 0) {
+			Fprintf(stderr, "%s: IP_OPTIONS: %s\n",
+			    prog, strerror(errno));
+			exit(1);
+		    }
+	}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef SO_SNDBUF
+	if (setsockopt(sndsock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, (char *)&packlen,
+	    sizeof(packlen)) < 0) {
+		Fprintf(stderr, "%s: SO_SNDBUF: %s\n", prog, strerror(errno));
+		exit(1);
+	}
+#endif
+#ifdef IP_HDRINCL
+	if (setsockopt(sndsock, IPPROTO_IP, IP_HDRINCL, (char *)&on,
+	    sizeof(on)) < 0) {
+		Fprintf(stderr, "%s: IP_HDRINCL: %s\n", prog, strerror(errno));
+		exit(1);
+	}
+#endif
+	if (options & SO_DEBUG)
+		(void)setsockopt(sndsock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (char *)&on,
+		    sizeof(on));
+	if (options & SO_DONTROUTE)
+		(void)setsockopt(sndsock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DONTROUTE, (char *)&on,
+		    sizeof(on));
+
+	if (source != NULL) {
+		source = savestr(getsin(&from, source));
+		outip->ip_src = from.sin_addr;
+#ifndef IP_HDRINCL
+		if (bind(sndsock, (struct sockaddr *)&from, sizeof(from)) < 0) {
+			Fprintf(stderr, "%s: bind: %s\n",
+			    prog, strerror(errno));
+			exit (1);
+		}
+#endif
+	}
+
+	Fprintf(stderr, "%s to %s (%s)",
+	    prog, hostname, inet_ntoa(to->sin_addr));
+	if (source)
+		Fprintf(stderr, " from %s", source);
+	Fprintf(stderr, ", %d hops max, %d byte packets\n", max_ttl, packlen);
+	(void)fflush(stderr);
+
+	for (ttl = 1; ttl <= max_ttl; ++ttl) {
+		u_int32_t lastaddr = 0;
+		int got_there = 0;
+		int unreachable = 0;
+
+		Printf("%2d ", ttl);
+		for (probe = 0; probe < nprobes; ++probe) {
+			register int cc;
+			struct timeval t1, t2;
+			struct timezone tz;
+			register struct ip *ip;
+
+			(void)gettimeofday(&t1, &tz);
+			send_probe(++seq, ttl, &t1);
+			while ((cc = wait_for_reply(s, &from, &t1)) != 0) {
+				(void)gettimeofday(&t2, &tz);
+				i = packet_ok(packet, cc, &from, seq);
+				/* Skip short packet */
+				if (i == 0)
+					continue;
+				if (from.sin_addr.s_addr != lastaddr) {
+					print(packet, cc, &from);
+					lastaddr = from.sin_addr.s_addr;
+				}
+				Printf("  %.3f ms", deltaT(&t1, &t2));
+				/* time exceeded in transit */
+				if (i == -1)
+					break;
+				code = i - 1;
+				switch (code) {
+
+				case ICMP_UNREACH_PORT:
+#ifndef ARCHAIC
+					ip = (struct ip *)packet;
+					if (ip->ip_ttl <= 1)
+						Printf(" !");
+#endif
+					++got_there;
+					break;
+
+				case ICMP_UNREACH_NET:
+					++unreachable;
+					Printf(" !N");
+					break;
+
+				case ICMP_UNREACH_HOST:
+					++unreachable;
+					Printf(" !H");
+					break;
+
+				case ICMP_UNREACH_PROTOCOL:
+					++got_there;
+					Printf(" !P");
+					break;
+
+				case ICMP_UNREACH_NEEDFRAG:
+					++unreachable;
+					Printf(" !F");
+					break;
+
+				case ICMP_UNREACH_SRCFAIL:
+					++unreachable;
+					Printf(" !S");
+					break;
+
+/* rfc1716 */
+#ifndef ICMP_UNREACH_FILTER_PROHIB
+#define ICMP_UNREACH_FILTER_PROHIB	13	/* admin prohibited filter */
+#endif
+				case ICMP_UNREACH_FILTER_PROHIB:
+					++unreachable;
+					Printf(" !X");
+					break;
+
+				default:
+					++unreachable;
+					Printf(" !<%d>", code);
+					break;
+				}
+				break;
+			}
+			if (cc == 0)
+				Printf(" *");
+			(void)fflush(stdout);
+		}
+		putchar('\n');
+		if (got_there ||
+		    (unreachable > 0 && unreachable >= nprobes - 1))
+			break;
+	}
+	exit(0);
+}
+
+int
+wait_for_reply(register int sock, register struct sockaddr_in *fromp,
+    register struct timeval *tp)
+{
+	fd_set fds;
+	struct timeval now, wait;
+	struct timezone tz;
+	register int cc = 0;
+	int fromlen = sizeof(*fromp);
+
+	FD_ZERO(&fds);
+	FD_SET(sock, &fds);
+
+	wait.tv_sec = tp->tv_sec + waittime;
+	wait.tv_usec = tp->tv_usec;
+	(void)gettimeofday(&now, &tz);
+	tvsub(&wait, &now);
+
+	if (select(sock + 1, &fds, (fd_set *)0, (fd_set *)0, &wait) > 0)
+		cc = recvfrom(s, (char *)packet, sizeof(packet), 0,
+			    (struct sockaddr *)fromp, &fromlen);
+
+	return(cc);
+}
+
+void
+send_probe(register int seq, register int ttl, register struct timeval *tp)
+{
+	register int i;
+
+	outip->ip_ttl = ttl;
+	outip->ip_id = htons(ident + seq);
+
+	outudp->uh_dport = htons(port + seq);
+
+	outdata->seq = seq;
+	outdata->ttl = ttl;
+	outdata->tv = *tp;
+
+	i = sendto(sndsock, (char *)outip, packlen, 0, &whereto,
+		   sizeof(whereto));
+	if (i < 0 || i != packlen)  {
+		if (i < 0)
+			Fprintf(stderr, "%s: sendto: %s\n",
+			    prog, strerror(errno));
+		Printf("%s: wrote %s %d chars, ret=%d\n",
+		    prog, hostname, packlen, i);
+		(void)fflush(stdout);
+	}
+}
+
+double
+deltaT(struct timeval *t1p, struct timeval *t2p)
+{
+	register double dt;
+
+	dt = (double)(t2p->tv_sec - t1p->tv_sec) * 1000.0 +
+	     (double)(t2p->tv_usec - t1p->tv_usec) / 1000.0;
+	return (dt);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Convert an ICMP "type" field to a printable string.
+ */
+char *
+pr_type(register u_char t)
+{
+	static char *ttab[] = {
+	"Echo Reply",	"ICMP 1",	"ICMP 2",	"Dest Unreachable",
+	"Source Quench", "Redirect",	"ICMP 6",	"ICMP 7",
+	"Echo",		"ICMP 9",	"ICMP 10",	"Time Exceeded",
+	"Param Problem", "Timestamp",	"Timestamp Reply", "Info Request",
+	"Info Reply"
+	};
+
+	if (t > 16)
+		return("OUT-OF-RANGE");
+
+	return(ttab[t]);
+}
+
+int
+packet_ok(register u_char *buf, int cc, register struct sockaddr_in *from,
+    register int seq)
+{
+	register struct icmp *icp;
+	register u_char type, code;
+	register int hlen;
+#ifndef ARCHAIC
+	register struct ip *ip;
+
+	ip = (struct ip *) buf;
+	hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
+	if (cc < hlen + ICMP_MINLEN) {
+		if (verbose)
+			Printf("packet too short (%d bytes) from %s\n", cc,
+				inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr));
+		return (0);
+	}
+	cc -= hlen;
+	icp = (struct icmp *)(buf + hlen);
+#else
+	icp = (struct icmp *)buf;
+#endif
+	type = icp->icmp_type;
+	code = icp->icmp_code;
+	if ((type == ICMP_TIMXCEED && code == ICMP_TIMXCEED_INTRANS) ||
+	    type == ICMP_UNREACH) {
+		struct ip *hip;
+		struct udphdr *up;
+
+		hip = &icp->icmp_ip;
+		hlen = hip->ip_hl << 2;
+		up = (struct udphdr *)((u_char *)hip + hlen);
+		if (hlen + 12 <= cc && hip->ip_p == IPPROTO_UDP &&
+		    up->uh_sport == htons(ident) &&
+		    up->uh_dport == htons(port + seq))
+			return (type == ICMP_TIMXCEED ? -1 : code + 1);
+	}
+#ifndef ARCHAIC
+	if (verbose) {
+		register int i;
+		u_int32_t *lp = (u_int32_t *)&icp->icmp_ip;
+
+		Printf("\n%d bytes from %s to ", cc, inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr));
+		Printf("%s: icmp type %d (%s) code %d\n",
+		    inet_ntoa(ip->ip_dst), type, pr_type(type), icp->icmp_code);
+		for (i = 4; i < cc ; i += sizeof(*lp))
+			Printf("%2d: x%8.8x\n", i, *lp++);
+	}
+#endif
+	return(0);
+}
+
+
+void
+print(register u_char *buf, register int cc, register struct sockaddr_in *from)
+{
+	register struct ip *ip;
+	register int hlen;
+
+	ip = (struct ip *) buf;
+	hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
+	cc -= hlen;
+
+	if (nflag)
+		Printf(" %s", inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr));
+	else
+		Printf(" %s (%s)", inetname(from->sin_addr),
+		    inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr));
+
+	if (verbose)
+		Printf(" %d bytes to %s", cc, inet_ntoa (ip->ip_dst));
+}
+
+
+#ifdef notyet
+/*
+ * Checksum routine for Internet Protocol family headers (C Version)
+ */
+in_cksum(register u_short *addr, register int len)
+{
+	register int nleft = len;
+	register u_short *w = addr;
+	register u_short answer;
+	register int sum = 0;
+
+	/*
+	 *  Our algorithm is simple, using a 32 bit accumulator (sum),
+	 *  we add sequential 16 bit words to it, and at the end, fold
+	 *  back all the carry bits from the top 16 bits into the lower
+	 *  16 bits.
+	 */
+	while (nleft > 1)  {
+		sum += *w++;
+		nleft -= 2;
+	}
+
+	/* mop up an odd byte, if necessary */
+	if (nleft == 1)
+		sum += *(u_char *)w;
+
+	/*
+	 * add back carry outs from top 16 bits to low 16 bits
+	 */
+	sum = (sum >> 16) + (sum & 0xffff);	/* add hi 16 to low 16 */
+	sum += (sum >> 16);			/* add carry */
+	answer = ~sum;				/* truncate to 16 bits */
+	return (answer);
+}
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Subtract 2 timeval structs:  out = out - in.
+ * Out is assumed to be >= in.
+ */
+void
+tvsub(register struct timeval *out, register struct timeval *in)
+{
+
+	if ((out->tv_usec -= in->tv_usec) < 0)   {
+		--out->tv_sec;
+		out->tv_usec += 1000000;
+	}
+	out->tv_sec -= in->tv_sec;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Construct an Internet address representation.
+ * If the nflag has been supplied, give
+ * numeric value, otherwise try for symbolic name.
+ */
+char *
+inetname(struct in_addr in)
+{
+	register char *cp;
+	register struct hostent *hp;
+	static int first = 1;
+	static char domain[MAXHOSTNAMELEN + 1], line[MAXHOSTNAMELEN + 1];
+
+	if (first && !nflag) {
+		first = 0;
+		if (gethostname(domain, MAXHOSTNAMELEN) == 0 &&
+		    (cp = strchr(domain, '.')) != NULL) {
+			(void)strncpy(domain, cp + 1, sizeof(domain) - 1);
+			domain[sizeof(domain) - 1] = '\0';
+		} else
+			domain[0] = '\0';
+	}
+	if (!nflag && in.s_addr != INADDR_ANY) {
+		hp = gethostbyaddr((char *)&in, sizeof(in), AF_INET);
+		if (hp != NULL) {
+			if ((cp = strchr(hp->h_name, '.')) != NULL &&
+			    strcmp(cp + 1, domain) == 0)
+				*cp = '\0';
+			(void)strncpy(line, hp->h_name, sizeof(line) - 1);
+			line[sizeof(line) - 1] = '\0';
+			return (line);
+		}
+	}
+	return (inet_ntoa(in));
+}
+
+char *
+getaddr(register u_int32_t *ap, register char *hostname)
+{
+	register struct hostent *hp;
+
+	*ap = inet_addr(hostname);
+	if ((int32_t)*ap != -1)
+		return (hostname);
+
+	hp = gethostbyname(hostname);
+	if (hp == NULL) {
+		Fprintf(stderr, "%s: unknown host %s\n", prog, hostname);
+		exit(1);
+	}
+	if (hp->h_addrtype != AF_INET || hp->h_length != 4) {
+		Fprintf(stderr, "%s: bad host %s\n", prog, hostname);
+		exit(1);
+	}
+	memcpy((caddr_t)ap, hp->h_addr, hp->h_length);
+	return (hp->h_name);
+}
+
+char *
+getsin(register struct sockaddr_in *sin, register char *hostname)
+{
+
+	memset(sin, 0, sizeof(*sin));
+	sin->sin_family = AF_INET;
+	return (getaddr((u_int32_t *)&sin->sin_addr.s_addr, hostname));
+}
+
+char *
+savestr(register const char *str)
+{
+	register char *cp;
+
+	cp = strdup(str);
+	if (cp == NULL) {
+		Fprintf(stderr, "%s: strdup: %s\n", prog, strerror(errno));
+		exit(1);
+	}
+	return (cp);
+}
+
+__dead void
+usage(void)
+{
+	extern char version[];
+
+	Fprintf(stderr, "Version %s\n", version);
+	Fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s [-dnrv] [-w wait] [-m max_ttl] [-p port#] \
+[-q nqueries]\n\t [-t tos] [-s src_addr] [-g gateway] host [data_size]\n",
+	    prog);
+	exit(1);
+}