summaryrefslogtreecommitdiffstats
path: root/bin/ln
diff options
context:
space:
mode:
authorrgrimes <rgrimes@FreeBSD.org>1994-05-26 06:18:55 +0000
committerrgrimes <rgrimes@FreeBSD.org>1994-05-26 06:18:55 +0000
commite3cfc8ce61f788739c66445d903f8beacb40c93d (patch)
treeba7beef9ee9289c4383bad976f88710e44c98b4d /bin/ln
parent862fdf11a2ede45dec0da01ed575525d79468981 (diff)
downloadFreeBSD-src-e3cfc8ce61f788739c66445d903f8beacb40c93d.zip
FreeBSD-src-e3cfc8ce61f788739c66445d903f8beacb40c93d.tar.gz
BSD 4.4 Lite bin Sources
Diffstat (limited to 'bin/ln')
-rw-r--r--bin/ln/Makefile7
-rw-r--r--bin/ln/ln.1131
-rw-r--r--bin/ln/ln.c164
-rw-r--r--bin/ln/symlink.7432
4 files changed, 734 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/bin/ln/Makefile b/bin/ln/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b1929c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/ln/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# @(#)Makefile 8.2 (Berkeley) 5/31/93
+
+PROG= ln
+MAN1= ln.0
+MAN7= symlink.0
+
+.include <bsd.prog.mk>
diff --git a/bin/ln/ln.1 b/bin/ln/ln.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fd85a6b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/ln/ln.1
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1990, 1993
+.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
+.\" the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
+.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
+.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\" without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\" @(#)ln.1 8.2 (Berkeley) 12/30/93
+.\"
+.Dd December 30, 1993
+.Dt LN 1
+.Os BSD 4
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm ln
+.Nd make links
+.Sh SYNOPSIS
+.Nm ln
+.Op Fl fs
+.Ar source_file
+.Op target_file
+.Nm ln
+.Op Fl fs
+.Ar source_file ...
+.Op target_dir
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+The
+.Nm ln
+utility creates a new directory entry (linked file) which has the
+same modes as the original file.
+It is useful for maintaining multiple copies of a file in many places
+at once without using up storage for the
+.Dq copies ;
+instead, a link
+.Dq points
+to the original copy.
+There are two types of links; hard links and symbolic links.
+How a link
+.Dq points
+to a file is one of the differences between a hard or symbolic link.
+.Pp
+The options are as follows:
+.Bl -tag -width flag
+.It Fl f
+Unlink any already existing file, permitting the link to occur.
+.It Fl s
+Create a symbolic link.
+.El
+.Pp
+By default
+.Nm ln
+makes
+.Em hard
+links.
+A hard link to a file is indistinguishable from the original directory entry;
+any changes to a file are effective independent of the name used to reference
+the file.
+Hard links may not normally refer to directories and may not span file systems.
+.Pp
+A symbolic link contains the name of the file to
+which it is linked. The referenced file is used when an
+.Xr open 2
+operation is performed on the link.
+A
+.Xr stat 2
+on a symbolic link will return the linked-to file; an
+.Xr lstat 2
+must be done to obtain information about the link.
+The
+.Xr readlink 2
+call may be used to read the contents of a symbolic link.
+Symbolic links may span file systems and may refer to directories.
+.Pp
+Given one or two arguments,
+.Nm ln
+creates a link to an existing file
+.Ar source_file .
+If
+.Ar target_file
+is given, the link has that name;
+.Ar target_file
+may also be a directory in which to place the link;
+otherwise it is placed in the current directory.
+If only the directory is specified, the link will be made
+to the last component of
+.Ar source_file .
+.Pp
+Given more than two arguments,
+.Nm ln
+makes links in
+.Ar target_dir
+to all the named source files.
+The links made will have the same name as the files being linked to.
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr link 2 ,
+.Xr lstat 2 ,
+.Xr readlink 2 ,
+.Xr stat 2 ,
+.Xr symlink 2 ,
+.Xr symlink 7
+.Sh HISTORY
+A
+.Nm ln
+command appeared in
+.At v6 .
diff --git a/bin/ln/ln.c b/bin/ln/ln.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b39e710
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/ln/ln.c
@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 1987, 1993, 1994
+ * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+ * must display the following acknowledgement:
+ * This product includes software developed by the University of
+ * California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+ * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+ * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+ * without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+ * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+ * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+ * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef lint
+static char copyright[] =
+"@(#) Copyright (c) 1987, 1993, 1994\n\
+ The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.\n";
+#endif /* not lint */
+
+#ifndef lint
+static char sccsid[] = "@(#)ln.c 8.2 (Berkeley) 3/31/94";
+#endif /* not lint */
+
+#include <sys/param.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+
+#include <err.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+int dirflag; /* Undocumented directory flag. */
+int fflag; /* Unlink existing files. */
+int sflag; /* Symbolic, not hard, link. */
+ /* System link call. */
+int (*linkf) __P((const char *, const char *));
+
+int linkit __P((char *, char *, int));
+void usage __P((void));
+
+int
+main(argc, argv)
+ int argc;
+ char *argv[];
+{
+ extern int optind;
+ struct stat sb;
+ int ch, exitval;
+ char *sourcedir;
+
+ while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "Ffs")) != EOF)
+ switch (ch) {
+ case 'F':
+ dirflag = 1; /* XXX: deliberately undocumented. */
+ break;
+ case 'f':
+ fflag = 1;
+ break;
+ case 's':
+ sflag = 1;
+ break;
+ case '?':
+ default:
+ usage();
+ }
+
+ argv += optind;
+ argc -= optind;
+
+ linkf = sflag ? symlink : link;
+
+ switch(argc) {
+ case 0:
+ usage();
+ case 1: /* ln target */
+ exit(linkit(argv[0], ".", 1));
+ case 2: /* ln target source */
+ exit(linkit(argv[0], argv[1], 0));
+ }
+ /* ln target1 target2 directory */
+ sourcedir = argv[argc - 1];
+ if (stat(sourcedir, &sb))
+ err(1, "%s", sourcedir);
+ if (!S_ISDIR(sb.st_mode))
+ usage();
+ for (exitval = 0; *argv != sourcedir; ++argv)
+ exitval |= linkit(*argv, sourcedir, 1);
+ exit(exitval);
+}
+
+int
+linkit(target, source, isdir)
+ char *target, *source;
+ int isdir;
+{
+ struct stat sb;
+ int exists;
+ char *p, path[MAXPATHLEN];
+
+ if (!sflag) {
+ /* If target doesn't exist, quit now. */
+ if (stat(target, &sb)) {
+ warn("%s", target);
+ return (1);
+ }
+ /* Only symbolic links to directories, unless -F option used. */
+ if (!dirflag && (sb.st_mode & S_IFMT) == S_IFDIR) {
+ warnx("%s: is a directory", target);
+ return (1);
+ }
+ }
+
+ /* If the source is a directory, append the target's name. */
+ if (isdir || (exists = !stat(source, &sb)) && S_ISDIR(sb.st_mode)) {
+ if ((p = strrchr(target, '/')) == NULL)
+ p = target;
+ else
+ ++p;
+ (void)snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/%s", source, p);
+ source = path;
+ exists = !stat(source, &sb);
+ } else
+ exists = !stat(source, &sb);
+
+ /*
+ * If the file exists, and -f was specified, unlink it.
+ * Attempt the link.
+ */
+ if (fflag && exists && unlink(source) || (*linkf)(target, source)) {
+ warn("%s", source);
+ return (1);
+ }
+ return (0);
+}
+
+void
+usage()
+{
+ (void)fprintf(stderr,
+ "usage:\tln [-fs] file1 file2\n\tln [-fs] file ... directory\n");
+ exit(1);
+}
diff --git a/bin/ln/symlink.7 b/bin/ln/symlink.7
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0f4887d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/ln/symlink.7
@@ -0,0 +1,432 @@
+.\" Copyright (c) 1992, 1993, 1994
+.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
+.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
+.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\" without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\" @(#)symlink.7 8.3 (Berkeley) 3/31/94
+.\"
+.Dd March 31, 1994
+.Dt SYMLINK 7
+.Os BSD 4
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm symlink
+.Nd symbolic link handling
+.Sh SYMBOLIC LINK HANDLING
+Symbolic links are files that act as pointers to other files.
+To understand their behavior, you must first understand how hard links
+work.
+A hard link to a file is indistinguishable from the original file because
+it is a reference to the object underlying the original file name.
+Changes to a file are independent of the name used to reference the
+file.
+Hard links may not refer to directories and may not reference files
+on different file systems.
+A symbolic link contains the name of the file to which it is linked,
+i.e. it is a pointer to another name, and not to an underlying object.
+For this reason, symbolic links may reference directories and may span
+file systems.
+.Pp
+Because a symbolic link and its referenced object coexist in the filesystem
+name space, confusion can arise in distinguishing between the link itself
+and the referenced object.
+Historically, commands and system calls have adopted their own link
+following conventions in a somewhat ad-hoc fashion.
+Rules for more a uniform approach, as they are implemented in this system,
+are outlined here.
+It is important that local applications conform to these rules, too,
+so that the user interface can be as consistent as possible.
+.Pp
+Symbolic links are handled either by operating on the link itself,
+or by operating on the object referenced by the link.
+In the latter case,
+an application or system call is said to
+.Dq follow
+the link.
+Symbolic links may reference other symbolic links,
+in which case the links are dereferenced until an object that is
+not a symbolic link is found,
+a symbolic link which references a file which doesn't exist is found,
+or a loop is detected.
+(Loop detection is done by placing an upper limit on the number of
+links that may be followed, and an error results if this limit is
+exceeded.)
+.Pp
+There are three separate areas that need to be discussed.
+They are as follows:
+.sp
+.Bl -enum -compact -offset indent
+.It
+Symbolic links used as file name arguments for system calls.
+.It
+Symbolic links specified as command line arguments to utilities that
+are not traversing a file tree.
+.It
+Symbolic links encountered by utilities that are traversing a file tree
+(either specified on the command line or encountered as part of the
+file hierarchy walk).
+.El
+.Ss System calls.
+The first area is symbolic links used as file name arguments for
+system calls.
+.Pp
+Except as noted below, all system calls follow symbolic links.
+For example, if there were a symbolic link
+.Dq Li slink
+which pointed to a file named
+.Dq Li afile ,
+the system call
+.Dq Li open("slink" ...)
+would return a file descriptor to the file
+.Dq afile .
+.Pp
+There are four system calls that do not follow links, and which operate
+on the symbolic link itself.
+They are:
+.Xr lstat 2 ,
+.Xr readlink 2 ,
+.Xr rename 2 ,
+and
+.Xr unlink 2 .
+Because
+.Xr remove 3
+is an alias for
+.Xr unlink 2 ,
+it also does not follow symbolic links.
+.Pp
+Unlike other filesystem objects, symbolic links do not have an owner,
+group, permissions, access and modification times, etc.
+The only attributes returned from an
+.Xr lstat 2
+that refer to the symbolic link itself are the file type (S_IFLNK),
+size, blocks, and link count (always 1).
+The other attributes are filled in from the directory that contains
+the link.
+For portability reasons, you should be aware that other implementations
+(including historic implementations of 4BSD), implement symbolic links
+such that they have the same attributes as any other file.
+.Pp
+The
+.Bx 4.4
+system differs from historical 4BSD systems in that the system call
+.Xr chown 2
+has been changed to follow symbolic links.
+.Ss Commands not traversing a file tree.
+The second area is symbolic links, specified as command line file
+name arguments, to commands which are not traversing a file tree.
+.Pp
+Except as noted below, commands follow symbolic links named as command
+line arguments.
+For example, if there were a symbolic link
+.Dq Li slink
+which pointed to a file named
+.Dq Li afile ,
+the command
+.Dq Li cat slink
+would display the contents of the file
+.Dq Li afile .
+.Pp
+It is important to realize that this rule includes commands which may
+optionally traverse file trees, e.g. the command
+.Dq Li "chown file"
+is included in this rule, while the command
+.Dq Li "chown -R file"
+is not.
+(The latter is described in the third area, below.)
+.Pp
+If it is explicitly intended that the command operate on the symbolic
+link instead of following the symbolic link, e.g., it is desired that
+.Dq Li "file slink"
+display the type of file that
+.Dq Li slink
+is, whether it is a symbolic link or not, the
+.Fl h
+option should be used.
+In the above example,
+.Dq Li "file slink"
+would report the type of the file referenced by
+.Dq Li slink ,
+while
+.Dq Li "file -h slink"
+would report that
+.Dq Li slink
+was a symbolic link.
+.Pp
+There are three exceptions to this rule.
+The
+.Xr mv 1
+and
+.Xr rm 1
+commands do not follow symbolic links named as arguments,
+but respectively attempt to rename and delete them.
+(Note, if the symbolic link references a file via a relative path,
+moving it to another directory may very well cause it to stop working,
+since the path may no longer be correct.)
+.Pp
+The
+.Xr ls 1
+command is also an exception to this rule.
+For compatibility with historic systems (when
+.Nm ls
+is not doing a tree walk, i.e. the
+.Fl R
+option is not specified),
+the
+.Nm ls
+command follows symbolic links named as arguments if the
+.Fl L
+option is specified,
+or if the
+.Fl F ,
+.Fl d
+or
+.Fl l
+options are not specified.
+(If the
+.Fl L
+option is specified,
+.Nm ls
+always follows symbolic links.
+.Nm Ls
+is the only command where the
+.Fl L
+option affects its behavior even though it is not doing a walk of
+a file tree.)
+.Pp
+The
+.Bx 4.4
+system differs from historical 4BSD systems in that the
+.Nm chown ,
+.Nm chgrp
+and
+.Nm file
+commands follow symbolic links specified on the command line.
+.Ss Commands traversing a file tree.
+The following commands either optionally or always traverse file trees:
+.Xr chflags 1 ,
+.Xr chgrp 1 ,
+.Xr chmod 1 ,
+.Xr cp 1 ,
+.Xr du 1 ,
+.Xr find 1 ,
+.Xr ls 1 ,
+.Xr pax 1 ,
+.Xr rm 1 ,
+.Xr tar 1
+and
+.Xr chown 8 .
+.Pp
+It is important to realize that the following rules apply equally to
+symbolic links encountered during the file tree traversal and symbolic
+links listed as command line arguments.
+.Pp
+The first rule applies to symbolic links that reference files that are
+not of type directory.
+Operations that apply to symbolic links are performed on the links
+themselves, but otherwise the links are ignored.
+.Pp
+For example, the command
+.Dq Li "chown -R user slink directory"
+will ignore
+.Dq Li slink ,
+because symbolic links in this system do not have owners.
+Any symbolic links encountered during the tree traversal will also be
+ignored.
+The command
+.Dq Li "rm -r slink directory"
+will remove
+.Dq Li slink ,
+as well as any symbolic links encountered in the tree traversal of
+.Dq Li directory ,
+because symbolic links may be removed.
+In no case will either
+.Nm chown
+or
+.Nm rm
+affect the file which
+.Dq Li slink
+references in any way.
+.Pp
+The second rule applies to symbolic links that reference files of type
+directory.
+Symbolic links which reference files of type directory are never
+.Dq followed
+by default.
+This is often referred to as a
+.Dq physical
+walk, as opposed to a
+.Dq logical
+walk (where symbolic links referencing directories are followed).
+.Pp
+As consistently as possible, you can make commands doing a file tree
+walk follow any symbolic links named on the command line, regardless
+of the type of file they reference, by specifying the
+.Fl H
+(for
+.Dq half\-logical )
+flag.
+This flag is intended to make the command line name space look
+like the logical name space.
+(Note, for commands that do not always do file tree traversals, the
+.Fl H
+flag will be ignored if the
+.Fl R
+flag is not also specified.)
+.Pp
+For example, the command
+.Dq Li "chown -HR user slink"
+will traverse the file hierarchy rooted in the file pointed to by
+.Dq Li slink .
+Note, the
+.Fl H
+is not the same as the previously discussed
+.Fl h
+flag.
+The
+.Fl H
+flag causes symbolic links specified on the command line to be
+dereferenced both for the purposes of the action to be performed
+and the tree walk, and it is as if the user had specified the
+name of the file to which the symbolic link pointed.
+.Pp
+As consistently as possible, you can make commands doing a file tree
+walk follow any symbolic links named on the command line, as well as
+any symbolic links encountered during the traversal, regardless of
+the type of file they reference, by specifying the
+.Fl L
+(for
+.Dq logical )
+flag.
+This flag is intended to make the entire name space look like
+the logical name space.
+(Note, for commands that do not always do file tree traversals, the
+.Fl L
+flag will be ignored if the
+.Fl R
+flag is not also specified.)
+.Pp
+For example, the command
+.Dq Li "chown -LR user slink"
+will change the owner of the file referenced by
+.Dq Li slink .
+If
+.Dq Li slink
+references a directory,
+.Nm chown
+will traverse the file hierarchy rooted in the directory that it
+references.
+In addition, if any symbolic links are encountered in any file tree that
+.Nm chown
+traverses, they will be treated in the same fashion as
+.Dq Li slink .
+.Pp
+As consistently as possible, you can specify the default behavior by
+specifying the
+.Fl P
+(for
+.Dq physical )
+flag.
+This flag is intended to make the entire name space look like the
+physical name space.
+.Pp
+For commands that do not by default do file tree traversals, the
+.Fl H ,
+.Fl L
+and
+.Fl P
+flags are ignored if the
+.Fl R
+flag is not also specified.
+In addition, you may specify the
+.Fl H ,
+.Fl L
+and
+.Fl P
+options more than once; the last one specified determines the
+command's behavior.
+This is intended to permit you to alias commands to behave one way
+or the other, and then override that behavior on the command line.
+.Pp
+The
+.Xr ls 1
+and
+.Xr rm 1
+commands have exceptions to these rules.
+The
+.Nm rm
+command operates on the symbolic link, and not the file it references,
+and therefore never follows a symbolic link.
+The
+.Nm rm
+command does not support the
+.Fl H ,
+.Fl L
+or
+.Fl P
+options.
+.Pp
+To maintain compatibility with historic systems,
+the
+.Nm ls
+command never follows symbolic links unless the
+.Fl L
+flag is specified.
+If the
+.Fl L
+flag is specified,
+.Nm ls
+follows all symbolic links,
+regardless of their type,
+whether specified on the command line or encountered in the tree walk.
+The
+.Nm ls
+command does not support the
+.Fl H
+or
+.Fl P
+options.
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr chflags 1 ,
+.Xr chgrp 1 ,
+.Xr chmod 1 ,
+.Xr cp 1 ,
+.Xr du 1 ,
+.Xr find 1 ,
+.Xr ln 1 ,
+.Xr ls 1 ,
+.Xr mv 1 ,
+.Xr pax 1 ,
+.Xr rm 1 ,
+.Xr tar 1 ,
+.Xr lstat 2 ,
+.Xr readlink 2 ,
+.Xr rename 2 ,
+.Xr unlink 2 ,
+.Xr fts 3 ,
+.Xr remove 3 ,
+.Xr chown 8
OpenPOWER on IntegriCloud